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Respostas metabólicas em girinos de rã- Touro, Lithobates catesbeianus após exposição ao zinco, cobre e cádmio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Chagas, Bianca Roberta Catani; Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7233550271936621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637370537808029
The metals in the aquatic environment may be incorporated by the local biota and once incorporated may accumulate in organisms and result, even at sublethal level, in biochemical and physiological dysfunctions with important impact on the homeostasis and metabolic performance of these animals. In this context, this study proposes to investigate the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glucose, protein and triglyceride levels in the liver, kidney and muscle of bullfrog tadpoles following exposure of 1μg.L-1 of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) were isolated and combined for 2 and 16 days. In the exposures to Zn and Cu + Cd the LDH increased in the liver (2 days) and in the kidney decreased in the exposures to Cu and Cd. MDH increased in the liver (Cu + Cd and Zn + Cu + Cd, kidney in all groups combined with metals (16 days) and muscle in the group exposed to Cd (16 days). Glucose levels increased in the liver in the Zn and Cu groups at 2 and 16 days of exposure, and decreased in the kidney (Cu, Cd and Zn + Cu groups) and muscle (Cd) after 2 days of exposure. After 2 days exposure to metals, protein concentrations increased in the liver (Zn) in the kidney in all groups exposed to metals, except in the groups Cd and Zn + Cu + Cd that did not change, and decreased in the muscle in the exposed groups to isolated metals. In relation to the concentration of triglycerides, the kidney and muscle were the most affected, with decrease in the isolated groups and in the Zn + Cu and Zn + Cu + Cd groups at 16 and 2 days of exposure, respectively. There was interaction between the metals in the enzymes and metabolites in the three organs analyzed. Therefore, this study shows that exposure to metals has altered the normal metabolism of animals and that the use of these biomarkers is valid to investigate the damage that exposure to xenobiotics can cause amphibians.
Concepções de sustentabilidade e sua relação com as vertentes de educação ambiental: um estudo da UFSCar campus Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Oliveira, Clarissa Suelen; Torres, Juliana Rezende
Environmental education goes through multiple interpretations. Layrargues and Lima propose three political-pedagogical macro trends of environmental education: conservationist, pragmatic and critical. In the critical cnception of environmental education, the component of Critical-transforming Environmental Education brings an environmental education conception based on Freire’s pedagogy through the generative themes, based on the problematization and comprehension of social contradictions lived in the current socioeconomical system aiming at the transformation of reality, and based on the emancipation and humanization of the subjects. Among the principles of environmental education is sustainability, whose conception around it is polysemic. The fact that UFSCar – Sorocaba Campus adopted such principle in the context of its creation has turned it into an example for this research. Thus, the main objective of this work is to explicit the implications of the different conceptions of sustainability for the strands of environmental education, in its relation to UFSCar – Sorocaba Campus. For that, we did a literature review on sustainability, bringing its implications for environmental education and adopting the macro trends of Layrargues and Lima’s environmental education as analytical parameters. In the context of UFSCar – Sorocaba Campus we analyzed: 1) the documented and undocumented trajectory of the events, through the analysis of three main documents about the institution; 2) the application of a questionnaire to the teachers who were part of the construction and creation of the campus; 3) transcripts of semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers and managers who participated in the creation of the Sorocaba Campus. Procedures of discursive textual analysis were used to the analysis of these data. The results obtained allowed to relate book authors conceptions of sustainability as conservative and critical, and allowed to establish relations with macro trends of environmental education. Thus, conservative conceptions of sustainability may be related to Conservationist and Pragmatic environmental education macro trends, and critical concepts may be related to Critical environmental education macro trends. In the context of UFSCar - Sorocaba Campus, it was possible to understand that the principle of sustainability adopted when the campus was created can be classified as conservative, whose environmental education conceptions appear pragmatic. The analysed documents, sometimes, bring a Critical environmental education speech. In order to implement this (Critical) environmental education concept in the institution, we highlight the contributions of the Critical-transforming Environmental Education: the component the role in the formation of multiplying agents in favor of social transformation, the overcoming of contradictions from the current socioeconomic system and the emancipation of subjects to a more just and egalitarian world.
Prevenção de erros de medicação em ambiente hospitalar na perspectiva da enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Mieiro, Debora Bessa; Mininel, Vivian Aline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557060516800427; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8304545840715404
Medication errors constitute a serious threat to the health of individuals, representing a great challenge to health professionals and institutions. Recognizing aspects that collaborate with errors prevention, in the sense of assuring assistance that is safe and free from harm to the patient, is primordial, especially in hospital services. Given the relevance of this theme, the present study aimed to characterize the aspects that contribute and hinder the prevention of medication errors in the hospital environment, under nursing perspective. It was a descriptive-exploratory research, with data qualitative approach. The sample was composed by 19 nurses and nurse technicians at a universitary hospital in São Paulo state countryside. Data collection and analysis were guided by the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), which is a strategy of human behavior analysis as subside for the resolution of practical problems. Data collection was performed through individual interviews, guided by a semi-structured script with questions and transcribed by the researcher herself. Analysis followed the steps proposed by CIT, systematizing the data on a Excel spreadsheet in order to identify the Situations, Behaviors and Consequences of the Critical Incidents. 35 Situations, 72 Behaviors and 35 Consequences were extracted from the interview, which allowed the identification of frailties and potentialities in the services. Among the frailties, it is possible to highlight: inconsistencies in medical prescription; lack of attention and hurry of the professionals involved in the medication process; inadequate number of people, which results in work overload; work pace intensification and professional’s illness; non observance of the nine rights of medication administration (right patient, right medication, right route, right time, right dose, right documentation, right orientation, right way and right response); communication problems; patients with the same name in the same nursery; lack of training; verbal prescription; prescriptors handwriting and ineffective orientation. Among the potentialities, it was possible to identify: incident notice to the nurse; not administering medication when one is not sure; applying the nine rights of medication administration; effective communication among assistential teams; interprofessional work; use of electronic prescription; error studying as a way of reincidence prevention; care planning; nurses orientation and training. The referred strategies were: use of nine rights of medication administration in everyday work, reading the medical prescription more than once, asking whenever there are questions about the prescription, preparing medication with prescription in hands, signed and stamped by the doctor, avoiding verbal prescription, informing the patient about the medication which will be administered, medication double-checking, following the institution’s protocols and confirming the patient’s clinical condition with the prescription indication. This study identified nursing as the last barrier to prevention of medication error, so it must be trained to perform an early identification of the error possibility to the patient.
Presenças incômodas no Porto de Santos: uma etnografia das relações entre humanos, pombos, grãos e outros sujeitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Moreno, Sarah Faria; Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2161641197853877
Pigeons are birds that coexist intensely with humans all over the globe, serving as their messengers, as a sign of peace, or a religious icon. In the last decades, however, pigeons seem to have been simply reduced to an urban plague. Before such ambivalence of the pigeons, I set out to ethnography the relations between people and pigeons at the Port of Santos, on the south coast of São Paulo state, where the pigeons are too many and present in an annoying way, due to the large load handling of grains there. From my ethnographic research I show how the pigeons are simultaneously signs and agents; also that biological classifications are not enough to understand the relations between people and pigeons, and how these relations have much to say not only about imposed classifications to pigeons, but also about disputes over urban and portuary spaces, also, institutional and political conflicts. In this way, as of anthropological approach, I think that this research constitutes one more step to our thinking of some sort of different way of living with, on what humans and no humans can live together.
Rap: relato da periferia. Um estudo da linguagem poética em Determinação, de Ferréz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Martínez, Valentina Antonieta Figuera; Martha, Diana Junkes Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1857520068239671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1952195668824547
El objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar las letras de las canciones de rap de Ferréz – escritor brasileño de literatura marginal de la periferia de Sao Paulo –, a partir de una perspectiva literaria, presentándolas como un objeto poético rico en sonoridad, rimas aliterantes e ironías, entre otros elementos que permiten la manifestación de la cultura urbana de las clases sociales marginalizadas. Antonio Candido, en O direito à literatura, define a esta arte como “todas las creaciones de toque poético” (CANDIDO, 2004, p. 174) producidas en todas las culturas, en todos los estratos sociales. Por lo tanto, basados en este principio que considera a la literatura como un derecho humano inalienable, la presente investigación analiza como poemas las letras del CD de rap Determinação, de Ferréz, a partir de las definiciones de texto poético de Roman Jakobson (2010) y Octavio Paz (2013). Para abordar el carácter cultural, político y social se partirá de las contribuciones de Ecio Salles (2007), conjuntamente con las reflexiones sobre la relectura de la historia y la figura del narrador de Walter Benjamin (1987). Este análisis revela un contexto social en la periferia urbana brasileña, por lo tanto, se defiende que el corpus puede ser leído no solo desde la perspectiva contemporánea que evidencia tensiones, sino también desde un ámbito poético transformador, que responde a una función estética determinada por la necesidad de producir relatos desde la periferia para penetrar el sistema de producción cultural. También se examina en qué medida esa dualidad contemporánea-transformadora impacta la obra poética del autor, lo cual justifica la presente investigación. Además de verificar dicha hipótesis, el estudio planteado se justifica porque considera al rap como manifestación literaria, ampliando las fronteras del concepto de literatura sin perder de vista el carácter estético y poético, lo que permitirá – en los términos de Benjamin (1987) – la comprensión de los nuevos relatos que la canción de rap engendra.
Provimento de cargo de diretores de escolas públicas de ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Gonçalves, Amanda; Silva, Flávio Caetano da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894644467721045
This work sought to understand the discourses about the process of filling a position of municipal school director in municipal laws of three municipalities in the interior of. (Araçatuba, Barretos and Franca). Since municipalities can choose the form of provision, there are some models provided by the municipal school director, the appointment or appointment (performed by the mayor or municipal secretary of education), election (carried out by the school community (here the management team, the parents, the students and the community) and public competition (evidence and analysis of titles). Some questions have become a hypothesis: To what extent does the form of filling a position of school director contained in the official documents generate discourse effects? The research in question is of a documentary nature and focused on the determination of the following theoretical categories: relations of power in the institutions and provision of office of Michel Foucault's theories. The same author was used in based on Discourse Analysis. Documents used in the public and online domain were used. The selection of the municipalities in which we seek the data for the development of the research was based on the division created by the IBGE as "Administrative Regions" being these seventeen regions, from each administrative region were chosen municipalities with a total of 500 thousand inhabitants (median municipality). To dilute the locations in the State of São Paulo, totaling nine cities and finally three cities of the nine previously mentioned were selected: Araçatuba, Barretos, Franca. Data were available on legislation accessible through the internet, in the public domain, and were therefore sufficient to carry out this dissertation and to cover the stated objective. There is a large amount of data available which has made us reduce the selection so that the objectives of the research were met, considering that further research will be necessary to analyze all this data.
Ensino de contato visual, imitação e ecoico a crianças com microcefalia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Ciarlini, Nathalie Cerqueira; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7658359167967146
The number of reports of children born with or suspected to be born with microcephaly in Brazil, increased considerably in 2015. This increase is being associated with the temporal entry of the Zika Virus into the country. Laboratory and epidemiological studies have already confirmed this relationship between the births of children with malformation and the women infected by the virus during pregnancy. The severity of the sequela in these children varies case to case, so a specific treatment to treat these malformations does not exist yet. What does exist are support actions being taken to help treat the illness. These support actions were advocated by the Single Health System (SUS). It is estimated that about 90% of these children may present some type of mental retardation, delay in neuropsychomotor development, hearing problems, as well as visual and speech problems. Realizing the gravity of the situation, the Ministry of Health began to treat the case as an emergency to public health and set out to orient people on microcefalia through a multiprofessional format. The objective was to minimize neuropsychomotor disorders, as well as minimize harms a child can face in socialization, bonding and welcoming. The work focused on the area of language, with the objective of teaching child development prerequisites like visual contact under instructional control, imitation and verbal eco-operant. These skills were taught to four children whose ages ranged from 2 years and 2 months to 2 years and 4 months. They had also all been diagnosed with microcephaly and attended a specialized clinic in a capital of Northeastern Brazil. The teaching of these prerequisites was based on the fact that the P showed absence of such repertoires and because they are essential for the teaching of other skills. Preference evaluations of the Pareto type and Single Stimulus were carried out with each participant and after this phase, the teaching was programmed and structured, so each target behavior could be taught, by means of Instructions for Discrete Attempts. In the baseline phase, since the P presented a performance rate of less than 50% of target hits, visual and physical cues were used throughout the procedure. The four P reached the learning criterion for visual contact under instructional control so, to replicate this success, the behavior during learning was used as a prerequisite for the following children. In the teaching of imitation, the three P reached established learning criterion and one P had to be disconnected from this phase, since it presented a lot of motor agitation. In the Ecoico operant teaching, a P reached criterion for a model and started teaching with a second model. The other three participants did not meet the criteria. The results suggest that the teaching procedure in this format was effective for the installation of a previously absent behavior: that of visual contact under instructional control. This behavior remained during the other phases of teaching. The research was a start for all the future researches that look into teaching practices that enable the development of these children.
Estudo de degradação forçada dos agroquimicos azoxistrobim, amicarbazona e picloram, procedendo-se a elucidação estrutural dos produtos gerados pela técnica de RMN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Santos, Jéssica Fernanda Alves dos; Rodrigues Filho, Edson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9593741578040491
The growing consumerism of food by the population, both in Brazil and worldwide, leads to the intensified use of agrochemicals in large and small farms. In Brazil, according to Law 7802/1989, agrochemicals are materials resulting from physical, chemical or biological processes intended for use in the production, storage and processing of agricultural products. Among the main problems involving agrochemicals, the lack of knowledge about its polluting potential and harmful effects on human health and the environment are the most worrisome, besides the effects caused by the impurities of these compounds. Therefore, this work aims to show the formation and identification of the impurities formed - by exposing the product to several factors such as UV radiation, humidity, temperature, soil pH and seasonality of the application region - from the agrochemicals containing the active principles of Azoxistrobim, Amicarbazona and Picloram, from studies of forced degradation recommended by ANVISA in DRC 045 / 2012. After a preliminary study, the best degradation conditions, the incubation time-out, and the factorial design of the experiments were set up. Triplicate of each degrading condition was also performed, as well as triplicate of collection times. The impurities formed were isolated, dried by rotoevaporation and analyzed by chromatographic (LC and LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D) techniques. For Azoxistrobim and Amicarbazona, two impurities were generated; to Picloram five. These results show that the formation of impurities in the degradation of agrochemicals is something that can occur frequently, demanding greater attention in its use, application and stud.
Análise bibliométrica de teses sobre letramento disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (1997-2016)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Sousa, Raquel Juliana Prado Leite de; Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136586124586219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656143420387058
In recent years, there has been increasing insertion of literacy in scientific production in the field of Education and also in the day to day of schools, with an expansion of the concept of the teaching of reading and writing for diverse disciplines. Faced with this expansion, we reached the research problem: how are the doctoral researches in Brazil on the subject of literacy in relation to its theoretical frame of reference and its authors? The general objective is to understand how the formation of the scientific field on literacy in Brazil and its research front by the identification of its theoretical frame of reference and its main authors cited in the theses of the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). As specific objectives, we intend to: raise a theoretical reference on literacy, in order to delineate its conceptual developments in Brazilian research; to elaborate bibliometric indicators on the scientific production in literacy through variables such as: a) authorship; b) keywords; c) areas of knowledge; d) research lines; e) research institutions; f) financing; g) gender of the researchers; h) typology of the mentioned sources; etc.; and to analyze the citations present in the theses of the BDTD, in order to identify the bibliographic support, the theoretical frame of reference and the research front. The hypotheses to be verified in this work are: most of the theses produced on the subject come from the Southeast region, like other areas of knowledge; in this way, the authors, teachers, educational institutions of affiliation of these theses, as well as their quotations, influence the national scientific production on literacy, impacting the formation of the theoretical conceptual framework on the subject, in the analysis of citations, in the promotion of research, etc. ., as in the transference of literate practices from the dominant culture to subcultures; and there are predominance of Brazilian authors on the research fronts, with less reference to foreign authors. The corpus consists of 237 theses present in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations defended between 1997 and 2016. Three studies were carried out: Study 1: survey and analysis of the 237 theses selected for the research corpus, in order to generate a profile of the PhD work developed over two decades considering the following variables: a) temporal evolution; b) geographical and institutional distribution; c) guidance and gender; d) use of keywords; Study 2: profile of the references, in order to draw a profile of the documents cited in the theses deposited in the BDTD on the subject, considering the variables: a) document typology; b) type of authorship; and d) cited journals; and Study 3: productivity and research front, by the productivity measurement and the research front of the authors cited in the 237 theses. This work is based on the interdisciplinarity of theoretical references in the areas of Education, Linguistics and Information Science. There was an increase in doctoral research between 1997 and 2016, with peaks of defenses between 2007 and 2016. The data showed that there is an imbalance in the development of doctoral research on literacy in the country, with concentration of production in a few regions, institutions and confirmed one of the hypotheses of the research. It was noticed the predilection for the citation of books, with 11,620 references against 5,207 of chapters and 4,172 of articles. The calculation of the research front allowed to indicate the most cited authors. The application of the natural Logarithmic, a study carried out in a new way in this thesis, made it possible to observe the growth behavior of the citations and to verify the exact point of change between the less cited and the most cited groups, and could replace the traditional method of computation. It was observed the existence of outliers, that is, authors who stand out receiving more quotations than the other names of the research front. It was noted that the most cited authors, who make up the research front, are mostly from Linguistics and Education, respectively, supported by authors from areas such as Philosophy, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Semiotics, History, Psychoanalysis, Communication and Information Science. The influence of the researchers of the currents of poststructuralism and of postmodernism. The hypothesis that there is predominance of Brazilian authors in the research fronts was confirmed only for documentary types chapters and articles; however, considering that the percentage of national authors of these documents represents a little more than half of the citations, there was balance of Brazilian and foreign authors. The methodologies used allowed to fully fulfill the proposed objectives, obtaining indicators that helped to understand the constitution of the scientific field on literacy in Brazil, in the identification of its research front and its theoretical frame of reference. It should be emphasized that, because it is an exploratory research and an unprecedented one, this work aims to provoke questions and to point out cuts that may need more attention, serving as a starting point scientifically based on future research.
Medidas eletrofisiológicas de crianças com e sem transtornos da comunicação em tarefa de julgamento semântico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Lindau, Tâmara de Andrade; Giacheti, Célia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2331180822532901; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7438998628889955
The interface between language studies and Event-related Potentials (ERPs) has subsidized the investigation for subtle differences in the processing of information that cannot be detected by behavioral measures. This interaction has been considered important in order to investigate and to identify the neural foundations related to the language process and the activated components by the presentation of different stimuli. This dissertation is divided into four chapters: Chapter I presents the theoretical foundations that support the current investigation, including general concepts regarding language and its components and both language and speech sound disorders. Also, the connection between language and electrophysiology is discussed, more specifically about the ERPs and the semantic processing; Chapter II is a review about the compiled literature on semantic processing in children from zero to six years of age, analyzing N400 data. These studies had the common intent of investigating and characterizing the electrophysiological pattern of the semantic processing of younger children in relation to the pattern found in older children and in adults. The analysis indicated great variability of experimental tasks employed, which can affect the level of control and data reliability; Chapter III describes the development of a study whose aim was to investigate the semantic processing, through electrophysiological measures (ERPs), of natural speech sentences in children from four to six years old with and without speech sound disorders (SSD). The results showed that the proposed task allowed to highlight differences in the processing of sentences with congruent and incongruent endings in the two groups studied for the four proposed components: N100, P200, N400 (in two analysis windows) and P600. The waveform (P600) observed for the SSD group, together with the data of the initial components (N100 and P200), may suggest that this group presents deficits in the lexical semantic representations and that changes in the initial processing can also influence later stages of it. The findings pointed out differences in the development of the neural network organization that provides the perception of speech in children diagnosed with SSD. This may suggest that these children set forth neurodevelopmental changes leading to alterations in the initial (perceptual/attentional) processing that influence lexical-semantic representations and later stages of language processing; Chapter IV, eventually, describes the development of another study whose objective was to analyze, individually, the amplitude and latency of the N400 component in SSD children, aiming to verify if the severity of the clinical picture was related to the activation pattern. The results showed that the congruent and incongruent information processing differed in peak latency, but no pattern could be found. It is also observed a variability in the amplitude and latency of the N400 when compared to the different degrees of impairment, making it impossible to speculate on a possible relationship between SSD severity and N400 characteristics in these children, when analyzed individually. This is the first study, among those found in the literature, with the population of children with SSD. Collectively, the findings constitute an important initial contribution and its results may help in the understanding and definition of neural patterns related to speech processing in SSD children. New explorations to consolidate the relations described can increase the knowledge of the neural substrate involved in the development of language skills, aiming to understand the implications of such aspects in the typical and deviant processes of human communication.
Um olhar sobre o sujeito em Paulo Freire: concepção e análise das obras Pedagogia do Oprimido, Pedagogia da Esperança e Pedagogia da Autonomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Marini, Larissa Marcela; Braga, Fabiana Marini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103496815216263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7822359820290294
The study of the subject in the current brazilian educational context is fundamental, because it occupies central position in the educative process, in order to guide the relations of teaching and learning established from the philosophical and sociological understanding that falls upon the subject. This conception about the subject of which one intends to develop reflects directly in educational practices present in classrooms throughout the country, and its discussion in the current context becomes essential considering the different proposals that have emerged in this scenario. Given this information, in light of a liberating and problematizing Theory of Education, whose notoriety is recognized in national and international context, this master’s degree research in Education proposed the in-depth study of the conception of subject in a Freirean approach, from the analysis of three works produced in different historical periods The selection criteria of the works were delineated based on the number of occurrences of the concept studied, the historical period of each work, as well as their relevance, being defined: Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968 / 2014a), produced in Chile in his exile time; the Pedagogy of Hope: a reunion with the Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1992/2016), written in Brazil at a time of re-signification of the learning acquired from his journey around the world; and the Pedagogy of Autonomy (1996 / 2014b), as the last work produced in life by the educator. Our methodological approach was focused first on the bibliographic research described mainly by Salvador (1978), as well as Lima and Mioto (2007), and after was applied the content analysis of Bardin (2016) to treat and analyze the data from study of the subject as a record unit. In view of the above, this research presented the following central question: How is the subject conception constructed by Paulo Freire considering the study of three works produced in different periods of his career? The question is based on the hypothesis that the educator, despite influencing different philosophical currents in his thinking, constructs a specific subject conception in his pedagogy, which changes according to the historical moments of his production. In this way, it is outlined as a general objective: To identify and analyze the possible changes occurred in the conception of subject from the study of works produced in different periods of his trajectory, to verify its affirmation as a conceptual category defined by Paulo Freire, considering that the social and historical context are important elements of his production. It is expected that the study bring contribution to orientate educational practices to more democratic ways that considers the students as subjects of the process.
Aprofundamento da caracterização linguístico-computacional da complementaridade em um corpus jornalístico multidocumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Souza, Jackson Wilke da Cruz; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0019187301069627
In the context of the dissemination of digital information, CISCO, an agency of web security, projects that 3.3 Zettabytes of information will be circulated on the Web in 2021. In this context, sub-areas of Automatic Natural Languages Processing (NLP) develop linguistic-computational solutions to dynamize the short time the user has in front of the demand of information in circulation on web. One of these sub-areas is Automatic Multi-document Summarization (AMS), which aims to create automatic summaries from collections of source texts that deal with the same subject. In order to make possible the selection of contents to automatic summaries and to improve this technique, some studies are based in linguistic descriptions of multi-document phenomena. One of these phenomena is complementarity, which occurs when, in a sentence pair (S1, S2), S2 elaborates some information presents in S1. The theoretical model Cross-Document Structure Theory (CST) translates the complementarity into three semantic relations: Historical Background and Follow-up (temporal) and Elaboration (timeless). Some studies in this area indicate that (superficial) linguistic temporal attributes are relevant to automatically identify such CST relations, obtaining automatic classifiers with 75% accuracy. Thus, under the hypothesis that deep linguistic information could generate more efficient classifiers, we propose a refined set of attributes that characterize the complementarity. After the manual analysis of the pairs of sentences annotated with the CST relations of complementarity of CSTNews corpus, we built a typology of 32 signs, organized in seven categories, namely: anaphora, textual structure, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics. Using symbolic algorithms of Machine Learning, it was possible to construct and train new classifiers, whose accuracy surpassed the state-of-the-art. Thus, we contribute with (i) Descriptive Linguistics, as a typology organized in signs that present systematically the evidences and characteristics of complementarity in sentences pairs of journalistic texts, and with (ii) NLP, as it produced a more refined and specific description for the automatic identification of complementarity and consequently the selection of content to the automatic multi-document summaries.
Desenvolvimento de nanocompósitos de amido/palygorskita modificada com íons de prata via casting contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Vanderlei, Rafael Marques; Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1188112310904566
The food industry has invested cheap and efficient technologies capable of providing fresh and additive-free food products. One of the possible solutions is the use of antimicrobial active packaging that ensures the protection of foods against pathogens without affecting the product quality. In this work, palygorskite (PAL) was modified with Ag+ ions and used to obtain an antimicrobial nanocomposite film having starch as a polymer matrix. The Ag-modified PAL (PAL-Ag) was obtained by ion exchange and the production of nanocomposite films by continuous and bench casting. The clay mineral and nanocomposite films were characterized structurally, and the films had their optical and mechanical properties measured. The antimicrobial efficiency of PAL-Ag and films were evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus. Structural characterizations confirmed the fibrous-like morphology of the PAL crystals, with an average length of 1.1 ± 0.7 μm, average diameter of 62.8 ± 30.2 nm and a specific surface area of 116.5 ± 1.3 m2 g-1. The Ag adsorption was observed to occur as a two-step process and a maximum adsorption of 9.56 mg g-1 was reached after 24 h. The antimicrobial activity assays showed that PAL-Ag presented satisfactory antimicrobial activity against both bacteria. The nanocomposites made by continuous casting exhibited an excellent barrier against ultraviolet light; however, they displayed a drop of transparency to visible light. Mechanical characterizations evidenced that the use of continuous casting remarkably increased the tensile strength and elastic modulus of starch/PAL-Ag nanocomposites by 9.5 and 17.8 times in relation to the pure starch film, respectively. A consistent antimicrobial activity was not observed by the nanocomposites containing PAL-Ag at 1–10 wt.%. This study allowed the development of an antimicrobial palygorskite that could be potentially used in antimicrobial active packaging, and suitably paved the way for scaled-up production of starch/palygorskite films from solution casting.
Aspectos biomecânicos das tarefas de levantar-se e sentar-se realizadas por indivíduos com osteoartrite dos joelhos leve e moderada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Petrella, Marina; Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917658715637353; Mattiello, Stela Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7956240423716068
Sit-to-stand (STS) and stand-to-sit (STSit) tasks are daily performed and are among the complaints about physical function of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Higher trunk flexion range of motion, lower magnitude of the affected knee joint moment and changes in the pattern of muscle activation have been observed in KOA and are pointed out as possible strategies to spare the affected knee. During the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks a higher trunk flexion can be used and be related with knee extensor and flexors cocontraction (Co). In addition, include volunteers only with bilateral KOA (OABI) or unilateral KOA (OAUNI) can be a challenge while studying the different degrees of KOA. The influence of these patterns of KOA involvement on the biomechanical and neuromuscular aspects of the tasks are unknown. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to compare biomechanical and neuromuscular parameters between the three groups (mild KOA, the moderate KOA and controls) in the STS and STSit. We also aim to compare the trunk and lower limb kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal plane and the magnitude of muscle activation during the STS transition between OAUNI and OABI. This thesis is divided into three Manuscripts. In the Manuscript-I, the STS was compared regarding trunk flexion, total support moment (TSM) and the hip, knee and ankle joint moments contribution for MTS across the groups. Considering the same group composition, Manuscript II presented the comparison of trunk flexion during STSit task and muscle activation magnitude and Co during both tasks. The relationship of these variables with greater trunk flexion also was investigated. In the third manuscript, the symmetry of the distribution of the vertical ground reaction force and the TSM were compared between individuals with OAUNI and OABI during the STSit. The TSM, muscle activation, Co, lower limb kinetics and kinematics and the knee extensor torque were also evaluated in the affected limb (or more affected for OABI) and were compared across the groups. In Manuscript-I it was observed that those with moderate KOA get up from chair with greater contribution of the hip joint moment to the magnitude of the MTS. This study also showed that in the early stages of the task those with mild and moderate KOA decreased the TSM without modifying the hip or ankle joint moments. Manuscript-II allowed identifying a higher trunk flexion strategy used by those with moderate KOA when compared both to mild KOA and controls. There was also a positive and significant association between trunk flexion and higher magnitude of Co during the stand-to-sit transition. Due to higher activation of gastrocnemius medialis during the STS transition and the lower rectus femoris activation while sitting, neuromuscular adaptations related to the moderate degree of KOA were suggested to be adopted. In study 3, individuals of OAUNI and OABI only differentiate one each other due to a lower MTS and higher trunk flexion in the extension phase of the STS task. The groups were considered similar and symmetrical regarding all the other variables.
A Igualdade e a Liberdade na Democracia segundo Tocqueville
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Cunha, Gustavo Caetano Pozzi da; Tagliavini, João Virgílio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1979817459932992; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0806318118410601
In this dissertation, which has as theoretical support the political philosophy of Alexis de Tocqueville, an analysis is made of the concepts of equality and liberty, as conditions for the existence of democracy in America, considering the socio-political-economic context, in which the author observed them in the American society of his time, comparing them with the development of democracy in Europe, especially in France, post-revolution. It has, as one of the challenges to be overcome, the possibility of reconciling equality and liberty for the consolidation of a democratic state. It is a bibliographical research of the concepts elaborated by the philosopher, provoking debates and shedding light for the understanding of the current stage of democracy in Brazil and in the world.
O financiamento da Extensão: contribuições para o estudo dos casos da Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Brasil e da Universidade de Lisboa/Portugal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Incrocci, Lígia Maria de Mendonça Chaves; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0087275261699648
This work has the goal to understand the universitary extension/third mission strengthening in the scientific field from the public notices ProxExt/MEC in Brazil and Horizonte 2020 in Portugal. The research locus are the Sao Carlos Federal University/Brazil and Lisbon University/Portugal. The data collection went through the researcher presence in the European country as a result of a research fomentation scholarship of the Programa de Doutorado Sanduiche no Exterior (PDSE), during the period between the months of September and December of 2017. Starting point for the proposed analysis, the ProExt/MEC and Horizonte 2020 public notices are considered the main notices in regards to the extension/third mission, in the respective countries. The analysis of those will help us comprehend the strengthening of research projects that incorporate in their practice the local knowledge, the social development bias and the valorization of the community beyond the university walls. For this purpose, we question: In which manner should we talk about approximation, democratization and mediation without having all the actors effectively involved and heard? Who are the scientists doing the extension/third mission in the university scope? For what and for who do they do it? What are the power struggles implied in the extension/third mission production? How is the extension/third mission contabilized for the scientific capital gathering? These and other questions, as well as the analysis of the gathered data, have allowed us to conclude that the inclusion of the society in the position of a further element present in the structure of the scientific field didn`t have the effect envisaged in the analyzed notices. In other words, the rules of the aforementioned field weren`t altered in function of the extension/third mission strengthening, and the structure remains unchanged in the hierarchic way university/community.
Qualidade de vida familiar e necessidades de apoio de famílias de crianças e adolescentes com deficiências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Luiz, Érika de Aquino Marques; Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0354367052053292
Deficiencies bring harm to the overall development of the individual; In this context, the family becomes the main support for children with disabilities, assuming the role of caregiver. The caregiver is required to participate less and less in activities for themselves, being involved in the routine of care, without valuing their own demands and their quality of life. For this reason, it is important to identify the needs of families and their demands to enhance the care and quality of life of caregivers. Thus, this study had the objective of knowing the support needs and the quality of life of the families of children / adolescents with disabilities in the municipalities of the State of São Paulo and to identify if the needs and quality of family life influence each other and if they are influenced by age, type of disability, severity of disability, family income and family composition. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative and correlational study, with a quantitative approach. Families of children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years, 11 months and 29 days with disabilities were recruited by non-probabilistic sampling of convenience in municipalities of the State of São Paulo. As instruments were used: a questionnaire of general information about the person with disability and the family; "Family Needs Assessment" (ANF); and the Family Life Quality Assessment Questionnaire (QQVdF). The data collection was performed using the instrument self-application method, in places that provide care to children and adolescents with disabilities in municipalities of the State of São Paulo. To evaluate the data, we used simple percentages and frequencies, the Spearman correlation test and the chi-square test. The analyzes were carried out in environment R version 3.5.1. A total of 100 families of children / adolescents with disabilities participated in this study. Among the family members who answered the questionnaires, 85% were mothers, 11% were fathers and 4% grandparents, 96% of them were primary caregivers of children and adolescents with disabilities, of whom all mothers are included. Most families showed average levels of support needs, and were indifferent when their quality of life, that is, they are not satisfied or dissatisfied with it. It was possible to observe a moderate inverse correlation between the levels of support needs and the levels of satisfaction with the quality of family life. It was also possible to verify that there is an influence of the type and severity of the disability in the level of need of support and the quality life is influenced by family composition. The present study showed that families have moderate levels of support needs, and the main ones are related to therapies and physicians specific to their children's needs, appropriate educational services for them; they also have financial demands and emotional support, as well as to plan for the future when the family can no longer offer care. Families point out these needs as priorities, as well as promoting greater independence for their children with disabilities in day-to-day activities. The results also showed that the majority of families are indifferent to family quality of life. The highest levels of satisfaction are linked to the relationships they have with the professionals who attend them and with the members of their family. However, they are more dissatisfied with foreign aid to care for their children with disabilities, over time they are dedicated to individual interests, security and economic issues.
Galileu e o experimento da Torre de Pisa no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Alves, Welder Ribeiro da Silva; López, Johnny Vilcarromero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2842871947259606
It is necessary students know the scientific questions of each time, so they may understand how science has developed over time. Galileo lived in a historical context that enabled him to be recognized as one of the great person who changed the history of science in general and physics in particular. Galileo’s physics, like physics in general, is a human construct, so it is subject to transformations of society grounded in the historical process. To represent this condition with the students, we used Galileo’s deeds about the fall of the bodies presented in Two New Sciences, which may be related to the legend of the Tower of Pisa experiment. The aims of this work were to provide students contact between Galilean and Aristotelian theories about the fall of bodies and to understand why Galileo may be called the first physicist in the modern sense. In addition to the original texts we used to refute the Tower of Pisa legend, we built a low-cost experimental apparatus for measuring falling bodies using the Arduino platform together with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure gravity acceleration. The educational product consisted of historical texts about the Tower of Pisa legend and the construction and operation of the experimental apparatus with Arduino board, plus a didactic proposal with five activities that it was worked with high school students. The students were able to raise hypotheses to analyze the problems involved in these activities and analyzed some socioeconomic and theoretical aspects inherent in the process of scientific development of Galileo's time. As a final result, we concluded that there is a good way for daily teaching practice with our students by bringing together learning theory, the history of science and practical activity.
Abordagem biopsicossocial no controle postural e realidade virtual não imersiva em crianças e adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Arnoni, Joice Luiza Bruno; Campos, Ana Carolina de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292093208120940; Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0865036538103349
According to the Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the health condition of an individual is a result of the multidimensional relationship between body structure and function, activities and social participation, and contextual factors. Considering that contextual changes may influence body stability in children, such as conditions of the base of support (feet positioning) and support surface (compliance, adhesion, inclination), this study was developed to verify the effects of manipulations of the base of support and support surface in postural control in children and adolescents. It was found that the manipulation of the base of support and support surface are factors that can increase the adaptive demands of the postural control system, especially in children with neuromotor dysfunctions such as Cerebral Palsy (CP). Managing challenging daily situations for postural control is one of the objectives of the rehabilitation programs for children with CP. Thus, new therapeutic tools have been used and non-immersive Virtual Reality (VR) is one of them, able to provide contextualized training and with high repetitions. However, there were no controlled studies to verify the effects of non-immersive RV on postural control in more challenging postural conditions of children with CP. Thus, motivation for study II was found, which verified the effect of training with non-immersive RV on postural oscillation in orthostatism in different conditions of the support base and malleability of the support surface in children and adolescents with unilateral CP. It was observed a reduction of postural oscillation (medial-lateral amplitude and medial-lateral RMS) after the intervention period, in the malleable surface conditions and increase in the mean velocity in the most complex condition (malleable surface and semi-tandem feet) in the group after the training period. It is concluded that VR can improve specific parameters of body stability in children with CP. Little is known about the effects of non-immersive VR in performing dynamic activities, such as gait. Thus, study III was developed, with the objective of investigating changes in functional mobility, temporal space variables and pelvic angles after non-immersive RV intervention. The results indicated an improvement in the functional mobility, in the temporal space variables of the gait, such as reduction of the time of the last, increase of the cadence and gain of stabilization of the pelvic movements, with reduction of the angles for pelvic retroversion in the intervention group. In order to increase knowledge about the effects of VR, considering that motor damage can impact personal factors, study IV was developed, which verified the effects of VR for aspects of self-concept, general motor performance, balance and increase in adaptive success in games. It is concluded that non-immersive VR can optimize aspects of body structure / function, through changes in body stability, mobility, space-time gait and angular parameters of the pelvis, execution of activities and influence on contextual factors such as modifications in self-concept. Therefore, non-immersive VR through the use of an active video game should be considered as a complementary therapeutic tool in the rehabilitation of children with CP spastic unilateral with mild impairment.
Avaliação por CFD da fluidodinâmica e da transferência de calor em leitos de jorro para diferentes ângulos da base cônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-27) Souza, Amarílis Severino e; Béttega, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3433503573566379
The spouted bed is an equipment that provides fluid-particle contact due to the cyclic movement of solids in its interior, which results in high rates of heat and mass transfer between phases. The spouted bed is used in operations that require these features, such as drying of pastes and grains. The angle of the conical base is an important geometric factor that affects the transport phenomena in the bed. In the context of energy saving, studies involving the bed geometry may result in a more energy efficient operation. Therefore, the analysis of this parameter contributes to selection and design of spouted beds. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has the potential to improve the understanding of the fluid dynamic and thermal behavior of the bed. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of cone angle on the fluid dynamics and heat transfer of a spouted bed operating with sorghum particles using CFD and an Euler-Euler model. A 2D-axissimetric mesh was used. The hydrodynamic performance of each geometry was compared analyzing the solid phase circulation. The mass flow rate of the solid phase in the spout and the mean particle cycle time were used to evaluate the solids circulation rate for seven geometries with cone angles from 30° to 150° and different loads of solids. A method for obtaining the solid phase cycle time based on the Euler-Euler simulations was presented and validated. A factorial design was applied to the configurations which provided the greatest solids circulation, with evaluation of the effects of cone angle, solids load and inlet air velocity on particle circulation. The “short-circuiting” of the solid phase was evaluated using simulations in order to analyze the quality of particle circulation. The hydrodynamic model used was validated by comparison with experimental data from the literature and showed good agreement. The results of the simulations indicated that smaller cone angles and higher air inlet velocities favor the circulation of solids in spouted beds and can be used to improve the drying efficiency of sorghum in the equipment. Solids load and cone angle were the variables with the greatest effect on solids cycle time. The smaller cone angles presented higher solid flow rates in positions near the air inlet. The proposed CFD method for measurement of the particle cycle time could be applied to investigate solids circulation for other particles and spouted bed geometries. Heat transfer was simulated for the beds with cone angles of 30°, 45° and 60°, and the solid phase temperature and outlet air temperature were analyzed. A method to verify the energy balance in fluidized and spouted bed simulations was proposed. The importance of analyzing the input and output data of the simulator was discussed, emphasizing the verification of the physical consistency of the model.