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Uma proposta de sequência didática no ensino de astronomia para alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-06)
Lima, Carlos Alberto de
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Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
;
Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277
This research work had as a starting point to elaborate a set of didactic sequences directed to the teaching of astronomy for students of the 6th year of elementary school II obeying three stages: Student knowledge, ideas of the experimental context and knowledge of science. A total of 14 sequences were elaborated in which we explored children's inherent interest in questioning the "whys" of things, using situations of conflict and problematization with experimentation from easily accessible materials using multiple strategies. As it is a question of a scientific literacy in the teaching of astronomy, the present proposal does not bring a mathematical rigor of the concepts formally studied, but rather a situation of conflict generated by problematizing questions to know the previous thought of the students, followed by phenomenological discussions, video presentation , exhibition of digital simulators, construction of models and experimentation with a view to the re-construction of the studied astronomical phenomenon. Throughout the class the students were submitted to several questions of the most varied difficulties, many present in national vestibular, others created by the author, either in regimental tests or in extracurricular activities. We obtained very positive results from the students involved with a strong feeling that it is good to teach and learn physics significantly since the initial grades of elementary school II.
Macrófitas aquáticas como ingrediente para suplementação de ração de peixe e de alimento vivo (cladóceros) na piscicultura sustentável de pequena escala
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Proença, Maíra Alcântara
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7800633821187899
The increasing demand and especially the consumption of fish has been growing exponentially as a consequence of increasing human population and also due to the search for healthier foods. Sustainable food production systems are essential to meet such demands. It is believed that small scale fish-farming can play relevant role in this great chalenge yet to be solved in this century. New technologies contributing to improve the production of live food and to better food rations for fish nutrition at low cost and with environmentally friendly practices must be adressed by future researches. The present study aimed to test the adequacy of the biomass of the macrophytes Hydrilla verticillata and Pistia stratiotes as an ingredient to supplement to fish rations and to supplement algas suspensions to be used as food in cladocerans cultures.Three fish rations were produced with the inclusión of macrophyte biomass at 5%, 10% and 15% supplementation levels, and tested for the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Three inclusion levels of macrophyte biomass were also used to supplement the algal suspension used to feed the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestii and Daphnia similis in laboratory cultures. Chemical, biochemical and caloric energy content analyses were performed to characterize macrophyte biomass, comercial ration and the three supplemented experimental fish rations. Kinectics and release of nutrients from macrophyte biomass, and supplemented rations were quantified and modelled. The results showed that H. verticillata had higher fiber content but lower amounts of protein, as compared with P. stratiotes. Ration supplemented with 10% of H.verticillata biomass had lower nutrient liberation than control and the best growt performance with weight gain of 297.61% the initial fish weight. Rations with inclusion of P. stratiotes biomass were not significantly diferent from control in relation to O. niloticus growth, which had a total of 307,6% body weight 60 days after the beginning of the experiment. Among cladocerans C. silvestrii had a better performance when fed on algal suspension supplemented with 66% of H. verticillata macrophyte biomass. On the other hand, D. similis reached best growth performance when fed only with algal suspension, as food source. Therefore, taking in consideration the maximum levels of successful inclusion of macrophyte biomass indicates potential to be used as ingredient to fish rations. It was also promising the environmental advantage conferred by the lower liberation of nitrogen to the water by H. verticillata biomass. It can be concluded that the use of macrophyte biomass is viable at the levels of 10% and 15% for H. verticillata and P. stratiotes, respectively, with nutritional, economical and environmental advantages and can contribute to the expansion of small scale pisciculture as a strategy to reduce costs aiming sustainable pisciculture.
Formação inicial de professores de ciências e inclusão escolar: um olhar para as experiências de estágio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Silva, Elisa Ramos da
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Bazon, Fernanda Vilhena Mafra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4400597671073289
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0509989333857924
This study focused on the initial training of science teachers in the perspective of Inclusive Edu-cation (IE), with emphasis on the experiences during the internship. In Brazil, in most cases, students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) are still marginally inserted into regular class-rooms. One of the reasons refers to the deficits in initial and continuing teacher training, which discourages the inclusion of these students. Therefore, the teacher's preparation for attending students with disabilities and/or SEN is indispensable for the teaching-learning process to be consolidated. The objective of this research was to analyze if the experiences proposed by the science teaching training promote discussions, reflections and practices orientated towards the IE. For the data collection, the reports of the supervised internship were analyzed in: Sciences I and II; Biology I. Subsequently, self-filling instruments (SFIs) were applied to all the students from those disciplines and the teachers who was responsible for the internships. The research was based on Historical-Cultural Theory (HCT) and the Critical Historical Pedagogy (CHP). The analysis of the data was made from the historical-dialectical materialism, which investigates the phenomenon from a perspective of totality, considering the complexity of social realities and their historical significance. Consequently, it seeks to identify the connections between the dif-ferent aspects that characterize a certain reality. The results showed that there are reports about the subject in the internship final project and discussions about IE in the internship classes and other classes. However, these discussions can be low priority and with little theoretical and methodological discussion, since there is no compulsory subject in the area. Which we consider fundamental for training the future teachers of this undergraduation to the inclusion of students with disabilities and/or SEN in the regular classrooms.
Síntese e caracterização de filmes anódicos de NB-AL2O3 sobre al por oxidação eletrolítica à plasma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Menck, Maria Angélica Cassú
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Santos, Janaina Soares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5802009429183443
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Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400
In this study, the anodization under high electric field, also known as Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), was used for the synthesis of oxide coatings containing Nb2O5 and Al2O3 on Al substrate. The mechanisms of the anodic oxide growth was investigated in different experimental conditions using a factorial design 22 to optimize the experiments and to analyze the influence of variables on the properties of the films formed. The anodic films of Nb2O5 / Al2O3 were prepared by galvanostatic anodization of Al in an electrolytic solution containing different quantities of ammonium oxaloniobate complex (NH4H2(NbO(C2O4)3).3H2O) in aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The anodization’s were carried out in a glass reactor with external jacket insulated to control the temperature of the electrolyte. The samples were cut in 1.3 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.2 cm dimensions from a commercial aluminum plate (98,7%). The synthesis variables studied were temperature, composition and electrolyte concentration. The anodic films were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-rays Diffraction (XRD) and reflectance diffuse spectroscopy. The influence of the variables on electrochemical, morphological and compositional responses were evaluated using the chronopotentiometric curves, pore density from SEM images analysis and Niobium content in the anodic coatings from EDS spectra. The increase of the electrolyte concentration decreased approximately 20 V the potential oscillation as observed in chronopotentiograms, reduced the pore density of the films and increased the Nb content into oxide. The electrolyte temperature presented a more significant effect on the morphological responses. The increase of the electrolyte temperature promoted a decrease of the pore density of the oxide coatings. The electronic and microstructure properties were also investigated. The bandgap values of the oxide coatings were estimated from diffuse reflectance spectra in the UV-Vis region. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed a crystalline coating containing polymorphs of Niobium pentoxide and gama-Al2O3.
"Raças humanas" como uma questão sociocientífica: implicações para a formação de professores de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Carvalho, Thabata Rodrigues de
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Lopes, Nataly Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285391776145231
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3488350402852543
In this investigation, we sought to comprehend the implications of the discussions about “Human Races” and its socio-scientific aspects on the training of Science teachers.Through the Critic Theory by Jürgen Habermas, we based our research on a communicative perspecti-ve of education. In the context of a teachers training course, we developed this work and we made our data based on theoretical-methodological references of the action research. Those data were registered through personal observations and recordings of the developed activities. In our analysis, wesought to evidence the pragmatic and propositional contents of the speeches. Thus, wesought to comprehend both the sense of speeches and the intentionality of the speaker. Our data allowed us to emphazise the formative potential of the subject “Human Races” and its socio-scientific aspects discussed in a communicative teaching perspective. Wehigh light the work in interdisciplinary group sand the collective reflections as potential means to the development of teacher autonomy and to the deconstruction of positivist and fragmented conception of the scientific knowledge of the teachers in training. The approach of the SSI "Human Races" enabled teachers in training to have spaces of communicative interaction, from which they could rethink questions about Science teaching, by considering their ethical and value dimensions.Therefore, we consider that this approach can contribute to science education based on principles of democracy and social justice.
Atividades práticas para a física no ensino fundamental por meio de desafios: proposta de material de apoio ao professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Guariglia, Carlos Eduardo
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Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089
;
Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
According to Vygotsky's theory of learning, social relations are essential in the development of higher psychological functions. For him, it is through the guided relations with the world that the individual internalizes the knowledge and starts to develop such functions. Therefore, in his conception, group activities, or those in which the individual relates to others, are of great importance in cognitive development and learning. Moreover, in the search for a more focused physics teaching in the investigation and practical application of the concepts, we developed a sequence of activities seeking to privilege these aspects in the teaching-learning process. This work aims to present the development and study of a manual for the application of a sequence of activities, called "Creativity Challenges". These are composed of activities that aim to go beyond the theoretical contents traditionally addressed, seeking to promote the development of social-emotional skills, through constructions of prototypes and practices that involve experimentation and research.
Superposição de estados comprimidos de dois modos e aplicações em informação quântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Cardoso, Fernando Redivo
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5593299757054859
In this work, we present a new class of quantum states for applications in quantum metrology and quantum information, the states here named as “Even EPR” and “Odd EPR”. We present a review of the basic concepts of quantization of the electromagnetic field, along with the probability functions and distributions in phase space. We present the main states of the electromagnetic field and their relevant statistical properties, besides the basic concepts involved in quantum metrology for a single parameter estimation. The new class of states is presented, and its general properties are discused. With a simple definition of separability for two-mode pure states, the entanglement properties between the modes of the field are studied, and its quantifications are directly compared with the original EPR states. We present results about applications of the Even and Odd EPR states in quantum metrology for estimation of a single parameter, comparing the results with the single-mode squeezed states, which has great importance in quantum metrology. Lastly, we show that acting locally onto one of the modes of the even and odd EPR states, it is possible to construct what we call “pseudo-thermal” states of the field, which consists in mixtures of Fock states previously selected through the preparation process, with probability coefficients which correspond to thermal distribution of photons.
Obtenção de acetato de celulose a partir de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e análise de degradação in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Silva, Joelen Osmari da
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/416053899037418
The Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is currently one of the main agricultural products. Considering the high production of sugarcane bagasse in Brazil and in the world, the objective was to obtain pre-treated sugarcane bagasse cellulose acetate (CA) membranes in different granulometrie. For this, was used the pulping processes acetosolve, bleaching with sodium chlorite and heterogeneous reaction of acetylation. Also, was verified the in vitro degradation of the membranes in PBS solution under body conditions for four months. And, finally, the possibility of application as biomaterial by cytotoxicity analysis in culture of human fibroblastic cells. The sugarcane bagasse was chemically characterized. The samples obtained at each stage of the processing were characterized by SEM and FTIR and the degree of membrane transparency was evaluated through UV-VIS. The membranes obtained from the fibers retained in the 20 mesh sieve presented greater transparency and mechanical resistance. In this way, they were chosen for the analysis of in vitro degradation in PBS solution and evaluation of cytotoxicity. The bleached pulp and the CA had the degree of polymerization determined by viscosimetry. The degree of bleaching of the bleached pulp was determined by whiteness. The degree of substitution (DS) of the CAs obtained was determined by retro-labeling. The membranes subjected to degradation were analyzed by pH variation, mass loss, DMTA and UV-VIS from PBS solutions. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT analysis and confocal microscopy. It was possible to observe that the processes were more efficient with the fibers of larger granulometry and that these are possible biomaterials, because there was cell proliferation during the analysis of cytotoxicity. However, it was not possible to guarantee that during the analysis period there was no degradation of the membranes. Further analyzes are necessary to conclude these results.
Formação de professores de Ciências e a Educação Especial/Educação Inclusiva: análise dos indicadores do Censo Escolar das Regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Mendes, Lucas
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Bazon, Fernanda Vilhena Mafra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4400597671073289
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7058568137195700
This dissertation focused on the analysis of social indicators related to the training of teachers with a degree in the area of Sciences, specifically in the areas of Biological Sciences, Physics and Chemistry, in relation to Special Education (SP) in the perspective of Inclusive Education (IE) from the microdata of the School Census in the North and Midwest Regions. Based on our research objective, we divided the dissertation into four chapters. Chapter one presents the formation of teachers divided into two topics: the first deals with the historical context of teacher education in Brazil and the second relates to the formation of teachers in the area of Sciences to act with the target audience of EE in the perspective of IE. Subsequently, in chapter two, we discussed the issue of social indicators in terms of definition and use, discussing the importance of the quantitative approach in educational research. The third chapter deals with the methodology of the research, which has a quantitative delineation, since we seek to understand the microdata of the School Census/MEC/INEP through the use of the software Statistical Package for the Social Science for Windows (SPSS). The fourth chapter analyzes the statistical data of teachers working in the North and Midwest Regions, in which we find that the teachers with a degree in Biological Sciences, Physics and Chemistry of the mentioned regions have alarming indicators regarding SP in the perspective of IE, in view of the very low number of teachers with training to work with students with disabilities and/or SEN. Finally, we present the final considerations, since from these indicators we find that teachers who have training in the area of Sciences and work in those regions need initial and continuous training courses that contemplate in their broad disciplines focused on the care of students who make up the target audience of SP and all the diversity of SENs. We emphasize that we do not seek generalizations based on this research but emphasize that teacher training and schooling of students with disabilities and/or SEN are two areas that require investment and attention from the public power, since the present in the national scenario and the difficulty of educating science teachers for inclusion.
Modelo de system dynamics para a gestão de resíduos sólidos no município de Araraquara-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-07)
Pinha, Augusto Cesar Hernandes
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Sagawa, Juliana Keiko
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549481623896786
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388155501638045
The efficient management of municipal solid waste is one of the objectives of public administration, especially considering the compliance with the legislation in force since 2010, with the enactment of Law 12,305. Therefore, managers should have available all the tools that can assist them in decision making and enable them to carry out projections, preferably in the long term, in order to meet this requirement. One of these tools is modeling and simulation. This work aims to present a System Dynamics model that allows managers to simulate and forecast certain scenarios that influence the generation of solid waste, as well as a model that supports decision making regarding the necessary treatment and resources for such end. The proposed model aims to determine, for a period of 10 years, the population of Araraquara and the amount of generated waste, separating it by type, namely paper, plastics, metals, glass and other residues. The actually recycled quantity and the costs and revenues involved in the process are also determined. With the developed model, six scenarios were proposed, each of which presents a different situation of the city and the Cooperative in charge of the collection and sorting of the recyclable material. The first scenario is where there is no change and the last one is where the city increases its capacity for selective collection and implements composting and the Cooperativa increases the efficiency of its activities. After simulations, it was concluded that scenario five, in which there is an increase in the amount of waste collected by the Selective Collection and an improvement in the process of sorting and separation presents positive results to the city with a viable investment to be executed by the Public Authorities. This work contributed to the literature by expanding the existing models and making a greater detail of the types of wastes collected and commercialized, as well as their quantities and the actual value practiced. In addition, it was possible to make a financial analysis from the simulated scenarios, showing the revenues and expenses existing in the process and their growth over time. It allowed to analyze that only the revenue obtained with the commercialization of the recyclables is not sufficient to supply the expenses of the Cooperative, being necessary the union with the Public Authorities and with other ones in order to increase the bargaining power of negotiation.
Zoneamento geoambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio São João (MG) como subsídio à gestão dos recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Jacó, Ana Paula
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Collares, Eduardo Goulart
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3131900230122094
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Lorandi, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
Considering the importance of the preservation and sustainable use of water resources nowadays, in the face of accelerated social and economic development, this work represents an important tool of direct contribution in the environmental and water resources management of the São João River Watershed (BH-SJ), which presents a drainage area of 2,417.7 km² and is located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This basin is characterized by its diversity and intensity of anthropic interventions, which affect (directly or indirectly) its water regime. The geo-environmental investigation, associated to zoning techniques, stands out as an essential tool to subsidize planning and management of land-use. In this context, using Geo-environmental Zoning (ZG) techniques and data cross checking, this work sought to elaborate and interpretative cartographic documents as a form of subsidy to the territorial planning and management of the water resources of BH-SJ, based on an integrated diagnosis of its water availability and demand. Among the cartographic documents elaborated, the following stand out as the main ones: Letter of Surface Water Availability; Letters of Surface and Subterranean Water Demand; Letter of Punctual Anthropogenic Actions and the Geo-environmental Zoning Charter for the BH-SJ Water Stress Potential. These documents were elaborated in a scale of 1: 50,000 in the GIS environment (Geographic Information Systems) from the mapping and crossing of intermediate data classified as geo-environmental attributes. The results obtained in the Letters of Water Availability and Demand show the features of BH-SJ that present the largest and the smallest occurrences of these two components, highlighting the areas according to their priority levels. Similar terms were used to classify the occurrence of the components: Very Low, Low, Medium, High and Very High. The Letter of Punctual Anthropogenic Actions illustrates that the consumptive uses of water resources in the watershed can go well beyond the estimated values due to the intensity of occurrence and the deficiency in the user registry by the competent bodies. The ZG Chart on Water Stress Potential was elaborated from the intersection between the water availability and demand results. From the subdivision of the study area in Microbasins (Mbs), the diagnosis of water stress potential in 581 Mbs was obtained and presented the following classification: Very Low (17Mbs); Low (344 Mbs); Medium (146 Mbs); High (70 Mbs); Very High (4 Mbs). The Mbs classified with high and very high potential of water stress are characterized by the high index of anthropogenic interventions in their water resources, in this way they fall into the class of high priority for measures that aim to improve the management of use in these places. Therefore, the results of this research represent an effective tool to subsidize the decision management and support, considering the feasibility of integrated analysis of the territory of BH-SJ, aiming at the sustainable use of water resources and the prevention or mitigation of possible conflicts of use in the areas that present the greatest potential to the water stress generated by the excessive use of this resource.
Conhecimento e monitoramento metacognitivo em tarefas que envolvem criatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Deffendi, Luma Tiziotto
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Schelini, Patrícia Waltz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1201862251605595
Metacognition can be understood as the knowledge the individuals have about their own cognitive processes and that allows the monitoring and regulation of their cognitive activities. From the cognitive point of view, creativity is the name given to a group of processes that tend to facilitate the elaboration of new and unprecedented forms of grouping. The aim of this thesis was to approach, in an integrated way, the relationship between the two contours: metacognition and creativity, considering that such interaction isn´t explored in the scientific scene, especially in the national scene. The thesis was organized in three manuscripts in order to facilitate the understanding of the general objective mentioned above. In the first manuscript the aim was to prepare the reader for subsequent studies, and for that scientific productions about metacognitive monitoring and creativity in the last twelve years were analyzed. The second manuscript describes a correlational study, in which metacognitive knowledge and monitoring of university students were investigated during figural and verbal creativity tests. The metacognition was evaluated, in turn, through the application of the techniques developed by the researchers for this purpose, and from the description of the creative characteristics present in the manuals of crativity tests. From the data obtained in the second study, the third manuscript verified the occurrence of differences in the correlations between performance in the creativity tests and the estimates made in the techniques that measure the metacognition for different performance groups: 25% of students with minors and 25% of the students with higher scores in the tests of creativity.
Adaptação em língua portuguesa do Functional Acquistion Speed Test (FAST) para estudar estereótipo de gênero no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Marcelino, Madeleine Reinert
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Arantes, Ana Karina Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1785475312488456
;
Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770
We can measure attitudes explicitly, using self-report instruments, and implicitly, through tasks in which participant’s performance in tests of relations between stimuli is measured. The Functional Acquisition Speed Test (FAST) has been used to access implicit measures of gender stereotypes through a procedure that consists comparing the participant's learning curves in two blocks of trials: a block in which a response (clicking on the same key) is reinforced in the presence of any stimulus from a set of stimuli considered to be consistent (eg, the “Z” key for “male” and male traits such as “dominant” and “M” for “woman” and traits considered feminine, as “sensitive”); and another block in which a response is reinforced in the presence of stimuli belonging to a set considered inconsistent (eg, “Z” for “man” and “sensitive” and “M” for “woman” and “dominant”). Experiment 1 aimed to select Portuguese words suitable for use in FAST with Brazilian population, seeking both adjectives that flex in gender and neutral adjectives. In Experiment 2 we evaluated difference in participant’s performance in FAST with the words chosen in Experiment 1 in four different conditions that assessed two different forms of presentation for words that flexed in gender. We also evaluated decrease in the maximum response time (from 3s to 1.5s) influence. Words in Condition 1 was gender-neutral and 3s maximal response time. In Condition 2, we used words that flex in gender, with an undeline in place last word’s letter and 3s of maximum response time. In Condition 3, we used neutral words in gender and 1.5s of maximal response time. In Condition 4, we used words that flexed in gender, presenting them inside boxes and keeping the last one empty, giving a maximum response time of 1.5s. Results showed significant difference only between conditions 1 and 2, and between conditions 1 + 3 and 2 + 4, analyzed together. Data indicates there is no difference between the use of 3s or 1,5s as the maximum response time in the neutral words. We presented additional discussion on variables of interest and other experimental controls
Síntese e caracterização de hidrogel para processo de fracionamento da lignina extraída do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Rodrigues, Jéssica
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4368023496052703
Brazil is currently considered the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, which results directly in tons of lignocellulosic biomass residues. The use and recycling of these process residues would reduce the environmental problems associated with improper storage in nature, add value to the constituents of lignocellulosic materials and reduce the use of fossil fuels. The objective of the present work is to separate lignin fractions extracted from sugarcane bagasse in preparative scale gel permeation chromatography (GPC), containing as a stationary phase the hydrogel (HEDTA) derived from cellulose acetate (AC) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride (EDTAD). The acetosolv pulping was used for the extraction of the lignin present in sugarcane bagasse, using acetic acid as solvent, hydrochloric acid as catalyst and water at the boiling temperature of the mixture. For the synthesis of HEDTA, the AC and EDTAD were solubilized in dimethylformamide (DMF), and triethylamine was used as the reaction catalyst for esterification and crosslinking between free hydroxyl groups of CA and EDTAD. After the curing period, HEDTA was neutralized, milled and sieved to obtain 35 mesh size particles. HEDTA was swollen with tetrahydrofuran (THF) before being packed in the fractionation column and the previously prepared lignin solution was passed through the separation column to generate different fractions of lignin moieties. The HEDTA and extracted lignin samples were characterized by the following techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), GPC, Thermogravimetric (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For HEDTA, density analysis was also performed by pycnometry. The lignin fractions were characterized by GPC and FTIR. In the FTIR spectrum of lignin, the 1594 cm-1 stretching, attributed to the stretching of the aromatic skeleton CC and C = O stretching, and the stretching at 1511 cm -1 relative to the vibrations of the aromatic rings, together prove that the structure lignin was preserved after the acetosolv pulping process. The FTIR spectrum of AC and HEDTA demonstrate the esterification reaction between EDTAD and the free hydroxyls present in AC. HEDTA had a density of 1.344 g/cm3. The MEV characterization of AC and HEDTA found that they are visually similar. The fractionation of the lignin acetosolv sample (LA), lignin acetosolv hydrolyzate (LH) and phenol (EF) occurred according to its hydrodynamic volume, as evidenced by the GPC technique. The first fractions showed no GPC curves and no FTIR bands characteristic of phenol, proving their selective fractionation. Concluding that the applicability of HEDTA as stationary phase in GPC on a preparative scale has been proven.
Efeito do tamanho de partículas de Cu nas propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas e suas correlações com propriedades catalíticas na desidrogenação do etanol em Cu/SiO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Osmari, Taynara Andrea
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Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
Metal nanoparticles may exhibit distinct catalytic behavior when there are particle size variations at nanometric scale. Cu nanoparticles supported on SiO2 and CAB-O-SIL® were synthesized with different metal loadings by ammonium evaporation method in order to evaluate the particle size effect on the structural and electronic properties in the ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde reaction. Because this reaction is structure-sensitive, it has the activation of the O-H bond, which is the determining step, favored by a higher electronic density of the metallic center, characteristic of very small particles. Thus serving as a model reaction to evaluate the behavior of Cu0 sites. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by: i) evaluation of structural properties through XRD, TPR-H2, TPR-N2O, TEM, and EXAFS; ii) evaluation of electronic properties by FTIR-CO, XPS, and XANES; and iii) evaluation of kinetic parameters by DFT. The structural and electronic properties were correlated with the catalytic activity (TOFAcH) and apparent activation energy (Eap). The Cu/SiO2 catalysts presented smaller particles, higher dispersion, and lower reduction degrees than Cu/Cab. For both series, the presence of Cu-O scattering particles with Cu-Cu coordination number (NCu-Cu) below 8 was observed. Moreover, FTIR-CO and XANES results indicated increased Cu+ when NCu-Cu decreased with the Cu-Cu bond distance (RCu-Cu) of 1.842 (NCu-Cu = 4.4; NCu-O = 0.8) to 1.849 Å (NCu-Cu = 7.9; NCu-O = 0.3), which is less than RCu-O from the Cu2O bulk (RCu-O = 1.855 Å). Data of EXAFS and FTIR-CO suggest that Cu nanoparticles are formed by a core-shell structure. The contraction in RCu-O occurs with the presence of surface O interacting with Cu+ in the Cu core surface. Values of TOFAcH correlated with NCu-Cu suggest increased activity with increased particle size, which is contrary to expectations. However, the decrease of NCu-Cu results increased surface O and decreased RCu-O. The values of TOFAcH decreased and Eap increased with the decrease of RCu-O and NCu-Cu, demonstrating that the presence of surface O causes decreased electronic density of Cu0 sites. Data from DFT indicated higher ethanol heat of adsorption (ΔHEtOH) for clusters without surface O (13Cu: -51.92 kJ.mol-1) than clusters with O (13Cu4O: -26.97 kJ.mol-1), while the energy of the transition state for ethoxide formation remained constant. The results suggest that the relevant step for the activation of ethanol is the adsorption of ethanol, which is highly sensitive to the presence of O on the surface.
O alinhamento entre a contabilidade gerencial e a manufatura enxuta: estudo de casos multiplos em empresas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Fontenelle, Amanda Oliveira
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Sagawa, Juliana Keiko
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549481623896786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6864885347234750
Lean thinking has proposed gains by reducing waste and failure and by intensifying continuous improvement. In this context, the Lean Accounting has emerged so that the accounting information could be aligned with the new type of production system. Some tools have been created, such as the Value Stream Costing, which enables to view the costs that are directly related and add value to the product. Based on a systematic literature review, it could be verified that there is a paucity of empirical research that presents prescriptive guidelines for applying accounting tools and practices aligned with lean manufacturing. The study herein aims at assessing the level of alignment between the management accounting systems in Brazilian companies and lean manufacturing practices. A systematic literature review was conducted in order to follow up on the theme's current state of art and to establish the constructs and dimensions for alignment. In addition, two descriptive case studies were conducted, in organizations that already have a certain maturity in the terms of application of lean manufacturing, in order to extract empirical characteristics that make it possible to measure the alignment between accounting and lean manufacturing. This research will contribute to the academic environment, filling the literature gap regarding the subject, and also to the organizational context, in which companies should know the available tools and pursue to align the entire accountingfinancial system in order to facilitate management and decision-making in business.
Zeólitas ácidas aplicadas na esterificação catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Ribeiro, Maria Eduarda
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1479000103307580
With respect the sugarcane sector expansion in Brazil, significant quantities of by-products have been generated, among them the fusel oil with potential for reuse due to the high volume produced and its rich isopentanol alcohol composition. An alternative of reuse is the transformation of this alcohol into ester, in this case, isopentyl acetate widely used in industries as flavors, solvents and others. In this context, the objective of the work was to apply commercial Si zeolites Si / Al = 15 and MFI with ratios (11.5, 15 and 25) in the protonated form as catalysts for the catalytic esterification of acetic acid the alcohols isopentanol and 1pentanol, in order to investigate the influence of the acidity, structure, and particle size of the catalysts in the catalytic activity. For this, the catalysts were characterized by: thermogravimetric analysis (ATG), X-ray diffractometry (DRX), nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (MEV), desorption of ammonia at program temperature (DTP-NH3), spectroscopy energy dispersion (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (FRX). By using the characterization techniques, it was found that commercially purchased materials corresponded to the one reported by the manufacturer. In addition, the characterization of samples with MFI structure showed that the Si / Al ratio has influence on shape, particle size, and acidity. In the catalytic tests, it was found that when comparing the MFI and USY structures with Si / Al = 15, it is not possible to identify which parameter had an influence on the catalytic activity, due to the number of variables. However, an improvement in the performance of the catalysts with the MFI structure with the increase of the Si / Al ratio was observed, this fact was attributed to the increase of the external surface.
Restauração de imagens utilizando aprendizado de máquina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Pires, Rafael Gonçalves
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Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
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Papa, João Paulo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194
Image processing is an area that has received considerable attention as a result of the evo- lution of digital computing technology. One of the main techniques of image processing concerns its restoration, which consists in smoothing noise and detail enhancement, which are altered due to problems in the process of forming and transmitting the image. Based on the efficacy of sparse techniques and machine learning found in literature in the context of image restoration, we propose the union of these techniques as well as their evaluation in grayscale images. We also propose a study of energy-based networks such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines for noise suppression in binary images and the application of newer classifiers in this context, such as Optimum-Path Forest. Experiments using a public data- base corrupted by different degradations such as noise and/or blurring show the ineffective application of sparsity to different neural network architectures, the effectiveness of the Restricted Boltzmann Machines and the Optimum-Path Forest classifier.
Modificação de quitosana com ácido hialurônico e sua blenda com colágeno para aplicação biomédica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-08)
Souza, Winicius
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Komatsu, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2620060426867863
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Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212
As in other areas of application, researchers in the field of biomaterials have been looking for materials from natural sources for the installation of implantable or curative devices, in this sense, a chitosan has been much studied. In spite of the properties that favor its application, its solubilization requires the use of acetic acid, whose result, in the structure of the scaffold, can impair an interaction as the host cells. In order to minimize this problem, the present work aimed to chemistry of chitosan with hyaluronic acid (HA) and to obtain its blend with collagen. Thus, the advantage is the following chitosan (Qm) chemistry to become useful in water and, in addition, provides a scaffold for the presence of AH, a glycosaminoglycan, a major component of the skin, to engage in tissue payment processes. The chitosan and AH changes were verified through the FTIR technique, where a chemical interaction with the reactive groups of the chitosan molecules was evidenced. The solubility test demonstrated great success with the water-soluble chitosan solution. The scaffolds, obtained by the lyophilization method, are the porous morphology and depend on the concentration of Qm, with concentrations of 9% and 17% of the highest porosity. The swelling test in phosphate-saline solution (PBS) showed that the scaffold with lower concentration of Qm (9%) was the one with the highest swelling rate. In turn, the thermogravimetry assay resulted in the presence of Qm decreased the thermal stability of the collagen. Finally, the DSC assay showed the miscibility of the collagen-Qm blend since it was subjected to a single vitreous transition temperature (Tg). These data allow us to verify the feasibility of using a new blend based on properties capable of forming a porous scaffold that can be used as a cutaneous dressing.
A confessionalidade da educação: o ensino religioso na escola pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-10)
Bonfá, Vanessa de Oliveira
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4856133743435538
Religious Education is the only subject included in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, article 210, paragraph 1. Non mandatory, the subject composes the curricular matrix of the last year of Elementary School II cycle (9th year). Under the influence of the Catholic Church, the subject was inserted in the last Brazilian Magna Carta and LDB (1996), but it has been part of the education of this territory since its colonization. In the context of the European overseas expansion of the sixteenth century, the Catholic Church used this new space occupied by its followers a time when it was necessary to gain new church members. The colonies with their pagan natives were the main target of the institution. Based on these assumptions and intending to verify beyond the theoretical approach of study, the central objective of this research is to analyze how Religious Education operates in the state public schools, with a small focus in the municipal schools of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, and how the law influences the format of the social classes. In addition to this purpose is toexpose the ideas of the secular state, illuminist ideals, and the debates generated in the press about the discipline after the approval of the denominational teaching by the STF in 2017. With a conservative approach, the Religious Teaching becomes another way of controlling the professional educator, once student demonstrations come into force in the middle, the teacher is soon pointed out as an incentive for such acts threatening the standards of conduct standardized by the conservative state.