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MultiTACT: uma abordagem para a construção de atividades de ensino multidisciplinares para estimular o Pensamento Computacional no Ensino Fundamental I
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12)
Martinelli, Suéllen Rodolfo
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Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443
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Sakata, Tiemi Christine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560505262283874
The Computational Thinking (CT) is recognized as a set of reasoning and critical skills, classified as “mental tools” to be used by the individual in solving various problems. Developing the competence of this “computational think” means know how to recognize patterns, apply algorithmic reasoning, know how to abstract and decompose problems, in situations that do not compete only with Computer Science, in an attempt to solve problems inherent to other areas of knowledge. The Computational Thinking is already explored in Basic Education by several countries, especially those related to the European continent. In Brazil, the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) adopted the term as part of the norms advocated by the document, which influences the composition of curricula in Brazilian schools. However, there is no consensus in the literature about which are the skills that define the CT and how such reasoning should be stimulated, considering the different realities and educational contexts of Brazilian schools. In order to facilitate the fomentation of the CT by the teachers who work in Elementary School (EFI), this research aim to understand what is necessary to understand and how to develop teaching activities that stimulate the Computational Thinking in EFI children, in the context of Brazilian educational institutions in the interior of São Paulo. To achieve this purpose, two case studies were carried out, and in each one of them, continued training was provided for teachers of Basic Education that approached about the CT and its possibilities of development in EFI. The participants of the courses elaborated teaching practices in order to stimulate the skills of the CT and the BNCC, being these activities evaluated through a qualitative perspective, centered in the processes of investigation of the Grounded Theory. The results obtained guided the formulation of the MultiTACT Approach, which aims to assist teachers in the creation and application of teaching activities that allow the promotion of the skills of the CT and the BNCC. The proposed approach brings together a set of recommendations and procedures that can be applied to the development of multidisciplinary teaching activities on Computational Thinking, as well as incorporating different teaching strategies and materials by the teacher.
Monitoramento de impactos ambientais pós-implantação de estações de tratamento de esgotos sanitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12)
Fajardo, Poliana Arruda
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6679206417866918
Among the projects that must be submitted to Environmental Licensing process with Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA in Brazil are the Wastewater Treatment Plants - WWTPs, due to their potential to generate significant negative environmental impacts. A fundamental step of the EIA is the post-implantation monitoring of the projects, as it reinforces the importance and gives meaning to the existence of its main instrument, the environmental impact study. However, researches in several countries, including Brazil, have identified that the post-project impacts monitoring stage has been neglected and the environmental impact studies have been considered as bureaucratic obstacles, whose importance ends in the granting of the Operation License - OL. From this perspective, the actions of the entrepreneurs regarding environmental impacts monitoring based on environmental impact studies are of great importance, as well as the actions of the environmental agencies, responsible for follow-up this monitoring. Thus, the aim of this research was to study aspects of post-project impacts monitoring of WWTPs in São Paulo state, based on its environmental impact study, the Preliminary Environmental Reports - PERs, as well as the actions of the environmental agency, the São Paulo State Environmental Company-CETESB, to follow up that monitoring. As a methodology, a bibliographic research; technical visits to the WWTPs for knowledge and to register observations of the treatment process, as well as getting photographic material to aid in the collection, interpretation and analysis of data were carried out. Interviews with the WWTPs managers, with a technician of Environmental Impact Assessment Board at the headquarters of CETESB in São Paulo, and with CETESB agencies managers were also made. Among the results obtained, the following were observed: the absence of management and monitoring plans in WWTPs PERs; unfamiliarity with the WWTPs PERs by the managers and the station's staff; the consideration by WWTPs managers that PER is a document of the past whose importance comes down to obtaining OL; the absence of post-project impacts monitoring based on PER; and the submission of data by the WWTPs to CETESB referring only to the wastewater treatment, such as the quality of the treated effluent and the river that receives this effluent body. Other results were: the verification of environmental impacts, that occurred or that may occur, not foreseen in the PERs; the contradiction between the managements of WWTPs and CETESB agencies regarding the requirements related to environmental monitoring and the visits by the agencies to the stations; and the lack of political will to implement improvement and problem solving projects, at least in one of the cases. It is considered that the results obtained in this research can subsidize the use and improvement of management and monitoring plans, the elaboration of future environmental impact studies, as well as to contribute to more effective actions of CETESB and WWTPs regarding the monitoring of environmental impacts in the post-implantation stage of WWTPs.
Estabilidade e mudanças institucionais na indústria calçadista de Jaú/SP no período 1996-2016: auge e decadência econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12)
Favoni, Celio
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8874030932382038
The women's footwear industry in Jaú / SP has become a success story for many local development jobs in Brazil, provided by a set of institutions and organizations built specifically for and for this industry. With the implementation of the Brazilian Support Service for Micro and Small Enterprises (Sebrae de Bauru) in 1991, and mainly in 2001, with the signing of the Integrated Sectorial Program (PSI), APEX and Sebrae, to financial, technological, political and management resources that resulted in the increase of companies, production, employment and income. Within this context, the objective of this study was to show the stability and institutional changes in the women's footwear industry in Jaú, in order to explain the advances and setbacks during the years of greater activity (productive and organizational) that occurred between 1996 and 2016, in addition to identifying the institutional frameworks, the central actors and the factors that can explain the institutional environment of this locality. As a theoretical basis, we appropriate the lens of Institutional Theory, to understand organizational action and explain collective action, and Network Theory which is a way of thinking about social systems, focusing on the relations between the actors that make up the system, in their attributes and built ties. Among the forms of networks are the agglomerations of companies, often described as Local Productive Cluster (LPC), which showed evidence of forming cooperative ties, usually consisting of small and medium-sized enterprises. The study was structured in a documentary research based on institutional reports and secondary data from RAIS / MTE and Seade / SP. We used the UCINET 6.0 and Gephi® software for the construction of affiliation networks for the periods 1996/2001, 2002/2009 and 2010/2016. Field research was qualitative with the application of a questionnaire to nine central actors, between July 2017 and September 2018. The study pointed to two fundamental institutional milestones: for stability, which was the signature of the Integrated Sector Program (PSI) in 2001 and another for change, based on the Public Civil Action filed by the Labor Ministry against Sebrae in 2009. Regarding the networks, 99 actors were identified among entities, public bodies, individuals and companies that had some type of (Borgatti, Everett, Johnson; 2013) and showed structural changes in both the number of actors and the density. We also identified the central players, among them Sebrae and Sindicalçados, who played a fundamental role in the construction of the network and in the development of the sector, but had a reduction in their activities and influence after 2009. The results of the field research indicated difficulties in cooperation and the professionalization of the actors as the main problem, besides the absence of leaders, values or norms that could legitimize a habit of collective spirit or mutual aid that could be identified as a prerequisite of the process of institutionalization of a social group.
Pesquisa científica em saúde: as representações sociais de jornalistas do Interior do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12)
Marques, Vivian Guilherme
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993372916534672
The journalist can be seen as an opinion maker, who refers to providing access to information, with an important role on the dissemination of topics related to scientific research in Brazil. The general objective is to analyze the Social Representations of the scientific research in health of journalists from the State of São Paulo in the light of the field of Science, Technology and Society (CTS) and the Public Communication of Science, since the way in which they construct and share their representations of the research determines their attitude towards them and how they spread it in their journalistic materials. It is an exploratory research, of qualitative character and with theoretical-methodological reference based on the Theory of Social Representations. Interviews were conducted with a group of ten journalists, who held the position of editor in print and / or television news media, from four municipalities in the central region of the State of São Paulo, characterized by the important scientific production, in which public universities and federal institutes. The results showed a profile of these essays researched: formed by few journalists; not segmented by publishers; headed mainly by men; graduates in communication; with training in private education; which prioritize the news value of 'Proximity'; which emphasize health issues and have an essentialist and triumphalist view of science. The analysis of the data was based on the content analysis, systematized by the IRAMUTEQ software, forming five classes, subdivided into two main themes: A) Conceptions about research - which brings the conceptions of the interviewees about health research or research in general; about how is done (what it is), for whom is made (who benefits from it) and for what is done (for what it serves) scientific research; B) Communication of science - brings the theme of scientific divulgation, or more specifically, about the relationship between journalists and researchers; and about when the research is agenda or relevant issue to becoming a subject. The analysis of the results observed that, for these journalists, the social representation of scientific research in health permeates questions related to the classical view of science, confirmed by the beliefs about the authority of researchers, scientists and physicians; and also for the importance of science for healing and treatment of diseases. This view does not corroborate the precepts of the CTS movement that aims at a reflection on the traditional academy on Science & Technology, seeking to promote a new vision that considers essential for scientific work to be socially contextualized and the importance of the media for the dissemination of these research, being a link with society. The research brings notes to the understanding of how S&T needs to be presented to journalists better: such as the inclusion of CTS discipline in the curriculum; besides promoting a narrowing between press and university. Whereas, the researcher also has its preponderant role in this process by facilitating access to information; offer suggestions of agenda that meet the needs of the press; and to know the daily life of an essay.
Avaliação do potencial do bagaço de laranja industrial peletizado para a produção de butanol por Clostridium beijerinckii via fermentação acetona-butanol-etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12)
Silva, Gabriela Fiori
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Silva, Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2291054769194665
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
Among the lignocellulosic biomass produced in large quantities in Brazil, the production of orange juice stands out. This residue can be considered as source of raw material in fermentative processes and consequently leading to a generation of value-added products. Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation (ABE) may be a fermentation process of anaerobic bacteria sources of carbon from agro-industrial waste. Thus, the present study had to evaluate the butanol via ABE fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii from pelletized industrial orange pomace. This bagasse was milled, chemically compounded and quantified as to its composition in holocellulose (18.99 %), alfacelulose (5.37 %), hemicellulose (13.62 %), lignin (6.16 %), pectin (7.21 %) and protein (3.14 %) and is subjected to a pretreatment of ultrasound, autohydrolysis and acid-diluted followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to verify an amount of fermentable total reducing sugars (ART). The ABE fermentation was carried out in batch-reactors at 37 °C under agitation of 160 rpm under anaerobic conditions. During a fermentation samples were taken for analyzes of sugars and solvents. Pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis do not enhance a significant amount of available ART compared to bagasse rather than enzymatic hydrolysis. At the end of the enzymatic hydrolysis, it was possible to obtain 4,301 g/L of sugars in the liquid phase (hydrolyzed) and can be fermented. At the end (120 h) of the orange hydrolysate fermentation the consumption of sugars was 75.42%, and at 78.10% for the control using glucose, butanol production was 0.069 g/L (yield 0.02 g/g) and 0.237 g/L (yield 0.071 g/g), respectively. Production of solvent has shown that orange pomace has potential for ABE fermentation.
Investigação de conhecimentos de pais sobre o Trauma Craniano Violento e sua relação com o potencial de abuso infantil e o status socioeconômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Soares, Ana Paula de Miranda Araújo
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Brino, Rachel de Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8380344583233356
This thesis is composed of three articles that aimed to investigate the risk factors involved in the occurrence of Abusive Head Trauma. The first one is a literature review whose purpose is to describe the risk factors associated with the family environment, characteristics of the child and the perpetrator. According to the review, the main risk factors described in the literature are socioeconomic vulnerability, stress situations, absence of support networks, inadequate prenatal care, children under three years of age, men with developmental deficit and male perpetrators. The need to investigate trauma-related knowledge, strategies used, abilities and beliefs of parents, as well as to enable health teams to detect the problem and to continuously deliver parent training programs are discussed. The second article consists of a qualitative analysis that aimed to present parents' knowledge regarding infant crying pattern and the consequences of shaking a baby, the strategies used to calm the crying baby, as well as managing the caregiver's stress at these times and maintaining their physical and emotional well-being. The results showed that less than half of the parents interviewed do not believe that shaking a baby can have moderate, serious or fatal consequences; almost all parents use strategies aimed at calming the crying baby, such as singing, talking to and holding him or her, although many strategies that could be effective are overlooked because of inadequate beliefs of these parents. In addition, most recognize that maintaining their physical and emotional well-being are important for them to be able to perform the tasks of nurturing their baby; however, few use strategies for stress management and frustration when the baby is crying. These topics are thus suggested to be addressed in prevention, intervention and parent training programs. Finally, the last article consists of a correlational analysis that sought to examine the relationship between parents' trauma-related knowledge, child abuse potential and socioeconomic status. Results show inadequate beliefs may be more present in lower socioeconomic classes, while the lack of knowledge about infant crying patterns is more common in higher socioeconomic classes. In addition, rigidity, that is, inflexibility concerning the child's behavior and appearance, seems to be related to inadequate beliefs about child care and also to lesser knowledge about the consequences of shaking a baby. It is therefore important that interventions are targeted to the needs of each target population and that a greater flexibility of parents' expectations for their children and themselves within their parenting role is emphasized.
Fundamentos, experimentos e simulação de tintas térmicas para aplicação em fornos cerâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Meo, Carlos Eduardo de
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
Regarding the current need of higher sustainability and cost reductions of industrial processes, some require high amounts of energy due to the high temperatures involved being siderurgy a good example. In these scenarios thermal radiation becomes the major heat transfer process. Therefore two main routes are explored in this work: the use of high emissivity and high reflecting coatings aiming for an energy saving technology. Using these products, one of them is able to maintain the refractories bulk properties altering only the surface ones. A methodology for choosing between high reflectance or high emissivity is quite complex since the understanding of thermal optical properties relies on concepts from solid state physics and non-linear partial differential equations to model the heat fluxes. As a way of solving this issue, in this work a methodology is proposed based on attesting the efficiency of commercial coatings and numerical simulation to study high complex scenarios, where its usage is not easily available, like an industrial furnace that belongs to Saint-Gobain company. The results found in this work highlights possible gains of close to 2% using a combination of high emissivity and reflectance coatings on the furnace, but, in combination with other techniques besides coatings, possible gains close to 20%. Besides that, in this work it has been proven that there is no unanimous solution in terms of one coating over the other one. Each system is unique and the best energy saving solution might be a combination of both.
Currículo da vida: contribuições Freireanas para o ensino da Matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Morais, Rogério de
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2819930663580875
The school curriculum lies in an arena of disputes involving cultural, ideological and power relations and is characterized by its non-neutrality. In this study, the objective was to analyze the potential of intervention and transformation of reality through the teaching practice, in the area of mathematics, of a Freirean critical curriculum. A systematic review on the teaching of mathematics in the EJA was developed, based on a survey of knowledge production in the thesis and dissertation database of CAPES. An action research was started with the students of the project "Readers of the World", in the municipality of Conchas, São Paulo, aiming to construct with them a new curriculum of the teaching of Mathematics, in the Education of Young and Adults, that starts from the contradictions perceived in the moments of dialogue between educator and students and using the theoretical-methodological referential of historical and dialectical materialism mainly through the authors Freire and Caraça. The initial results show that few works have been interested in the theme of confluence between mathematical education, youth and adult education, and the liberating pedagogy of Paulo Freire, and so far research has proved to be fruitful and full of potentialities. scientific knowledge can serve as a fact for the emancipation of the subjects of learning, since it is used to overcome the contradictions of the inhuman reality that mediates the subjects in a gnosiological situation.
Cartografias do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) de Geografia no Brasil: o desenho da política pública e seus saberes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Costa, Glauber Barros Alves
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7716686318910908
The proposal of this study rested in the interest in analyzing the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Institucional Program of Scholarships for Teacher Formation) (PIBID), the largest teacher training policy program in the country, understandings its role as a public policy, as well as discussing and reflecting upon conceptions and knowledge of the subprojects and the coordinators of the program and discuss about the knowledges in the PIBID. Parting from the analyses completed on the subprojects of geography from around the country and the interviews with the coordinators of these subprojects, a documentary and later exploratory study was developed. The idea was to analyze the subprojects of the PIBID in Geography selected for the 2013 cycle, as this was the cycle with most geography subprojects registered and executed during the preparation of this thesis, as it was elaborated between 2014 and February of 2018. The study focused on the way in which the PIBID is organized throughout the country and how policy on teacher formation occurs. Following the analysis of the subprojects, a categorization of the former was conducted in accordance with the projects and the ideas presented. In this way, in a smaller universe of research, the study continued to the exploratory phase with semi-structured interviews. The thesis proposes a field study based on 5% of the submitted subprojects, interviewing the 09 coordinators to understand the teaching knowledge they held and that knowledge which is present in their projects. As a result, the investigation constructed a doctoral research project that presents a view of teaching formation in geography, with the PIBID as the central focus and guiding axis of the investigation, we are defending about immersion knowledge, the concept created in this research. So, we are showing an original research that we prove the PIBID is a important public policy, program to teachers trainee, student assistance and a important program to approximate university and schools. Therefore, an original study was proposed with a critical analysis perspective about this topic. It can be inferred that the subprojects of the PIBID primarily dealt with the teaching of geography, but a deviation in the formative function or even in the geographical science was observed in several subprojects. The development and mobilization of diverse areas of knowledge guided by the coordinators was observed to conceptualize the subprojects and thus various ideas about the reflection of this policy in Brazilian degrees can be understood. The results in this research appears like tematics maps, grafics, spread sheets and figures, the besides narratives collected from the coordinators, showing the importance for this program to the teacher training courses in Brazil.
Efeito da qualidade e complexidade da matéria orgânica dissolvida de origem fitoplanctônica na diversidade e atividade de comunidades bacterianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Moraes, Guilherme Pavan de
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Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
Bacteria are the world’s most abundant organisms and the foremost drivers of carbon and nutrient cycles in aquatic environments. Changes in the metabolic activity and composition of heterotrophic bacterial communities in response to interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) can potentially alter global biogeochemical cycles. In a context of global environmental changes, effects of the quantity and quality of DOM on the composition and activity of bacterial communities were investigated in experimental microcosms. Although such experiments allow a less descriptive analysis of these communities, they have limitations. Initial experimental communities need to be the same, limiting the number of manipulations that can be performed. Furthermore, microcosm cultivation usually results in drastic compositional changes in the communities. Thus, we also evaluated a cryopreservation method for whole natural communities which allows experiments with a unique initial community to be performed separately, as well as the effects of varying DOMs to keep the diversity of the cryopreserved communities. The results showed that both DOM quantity and quality were related to changes in the communities, with quality exerting an early response effect driven by competition and the intensity and duration of the effect modulated by quantity. Moreover, diversity and community composition of the bacterial communities were generally maintained after cryopreservation, although part of the diversity was lost, something more evident for communities from more stable and oligotrophic environments. In a global warming context, increase in the temperature oceans and freshwater bodies are expected, which could cause changes in the quantity and quality of the available DOM within these environments. This outcome could alter composition and metabolism of heterotrophic bacterial communities, causing not fully understood impacts on the carbon and nutrients global cycles.
O espírito e a carne: a crítica de Bergson e Merleau-Ponty à ontologia objetivista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Temporal, Vanessa de Oliveira
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Bimbenet, Étienne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1254119165750531
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
The basic aim of this thesis is to investigate the concepts of image in Henri Bergson (1859-1941) and of form in Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961). Bearing in mind the trajectory that these concepts play on both authors’ works, regarding the plenitude of existence into philosophy, as well as the way by which they are characterized as a counterpoint to the artificiality of abstract symbols, we question ourselves the philosophical potential to approach them. Taking into account their motor and vital natures, could there be a similarity in the way they structure philosophical enquiry? We are going to demonstrate that these concepts come close to each other insofar as they integrate a common project, namely the project of undertaking a phenomenal field and replacing the subject of the transcendental field for life itself as a condition for knowledge.
Livros didáticos digitais, o governo brasileiro e a mídia: uma análise discursiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Vizibeli, Danilo
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142560156817712
The general aim of this research is to analyze what was stated in the media about the implementation of digital textbooks in Brazilian public schools in order to understand the discourses to which they belong to, what was said and the effects of meaning aimed or actually produced. The corpus is constituted by news published in the online media and readers' comments on the National Textbook Program (PNLD), launched in 2013 and the Guide to the Didactic Book that, for the first time, concerned parameters of orientation, promotion and government acquisition of Digital Textbooks (LDd). The theoretical framework is the French Discourse Analysis in a Pêcheutian perspective, so that we can analyze what was actually stated about this event of the inclusion of digital textbooks in this notice and guide, as well as the way in which what was said was formulated and circulated, aiming or having produced certain effects of sense. For this, we analyze a set of statements in their relations of paraphrase or polysemy, depending on the discursive formation in which they are inscribed when they are enunciated. The analyzes allowed us to observe the strength of the paraphrase relations between statements coming from a technical-marketing discursive formation and those assumed by different subjects (journalists, teachers, students, etc.) who pronounced about this in the texts that constitute our corpus. The news published in the media divulges the event as a great advance in the Brazilian school scene, especially articulated to the reiteration of the discourse that proposes the deficiency of public education in Brazil. This alleged deficiency (and often real) acts as an argument to justify the importance of incorporating digital technologies, such as LDd supply, as well as to anticipate any difficulties in demonstrating their promised impact. Thus, public education agents are held accountable: given the difficult access to digital technologies by students and teachers from public school, they have, in particular, teachers with little training, habit and ability to work with this type of resource in the classroom. The speech is always ideological. From this, we can observe the words that circulated in recent years in the official media and in the media about textbooks in the digital version and the discursive relations that these sayings establish between themselves, (re) meaning educational practices. Thus, pedagogical discourses, advertising discourses pro-technological innovation, technical-economic discourses that populate the words of institutional origin (MEC), as well as the media texts that have repercussions on the event. In general, what is stated in this respect is marked by euphoric positions about the promotion of the production of the digital textbooks and its inclusion in the public school space. We support ourselves, especially in the following bibliographic reference: Michel Pêcheux (1997; 2002; 2009; 2011; 2015) and Eni Orlandi (2009; 2012) for the studies in Discourse Analysis; Roger Chartier (1991, 1998, 2002), Manguel (1997) and Robert Darnton (1992) on reading practices and the history of the book; and on textbooks (printed or digital) Célia Cassiano (2013) and Ednei Procópio (2013).
Representações da leitura: uma análise discursiva do que dizem ingressantes e formandos de cursos de Letras sobre essa prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Zaccaro, Renata Maria Cortez da Rocha
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8535727852523767
The objective of this research was to investigate representations of reading shared by both Literature and Language undergraduate students in the first year and in the last academic year in college. The observation intended to infer possible similarities and differences related to how they create, express and perform reading practices in the first and in the last year of college. In order to accomplish this observation, a data survey was performed among Literature and Language college students from the first and the last semesters, from both a private college and a state college. They responded to a questionnaire containing objective and open-ended questions that aimed to encourage them to describe their reading perceptions, habits, and preferences and their own way of reading before getting into college and throughout the academic training. Principles and concepts of the French Discourse Analysis, especially those from Michael Foucault’s “order of discourse” form the theoretical and methodological basis for this research. In order to understand what is on the basis of what the students express about their discourse, this research is also based on the Cultural History, especially on Roger Chartier’s practices of writing and reading. Some of the responses given by the Literature and Language students on the questionnaire are shown in tables and figures in order to present from a quantitative point of view some of thoughts that they share about reading. Some statements that the students registered on the open-ended questions were selected to organize formally and informally rephrased groups of answers in order to understand their connections to certain discourses about reading that were originated or not from the same discursive background and that correspond to a given updated discursive memory and its many diverse forms of institutionalization and length over time. This study therefore described the conditions of production according to which these discourses were shaped by what the Literature and Language undergraduate students who are being trained to become reading instructors, among other possibilities, express.
Oxidação de metano a metanol sobre zeólitas Cu.MOR: efeito do método de preparação na atividade catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Picinini, Monize
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7026596027202260
The direct oxidation of methane to higher value-added products, such as methanol, has gained notable interest in recent times. The challenge is that this process occurs with high efficiency and lower energy consumption, thus becoming economically interesting. Due to the difficulty in breaking the C-H bonds of methane, it was required to employ catalysts active and selective to methanol. Thus, the researches have been directed to the use of zeolites exchanged with oxo-cations species (M-O-M)2+, responsible for the oxidation of methane, recreating a mechanism of reactivity similar to that found in the enzyme methane monooxygenase. In this context, this work had as objective to oxidize methane to methanol on Cu.mordenite zeolites with different Si/Al ratios, which were prepared by ion exchange or impregnation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The oxidation of methane was carried out in three steps: activation of Cu.mordenite zeolites under air flow, reaction with methane and extraction of the generated methanol adsorbed on the zeolite. The influence on the catalytic activity of the preparation method, content, and type of copper species and Si/Al ratio were analyzed. All the zeolites studied were able to convert methane to methanol, however, those prepared by ion exchange showed higher production than those prepared by impregnation. The maximum production obtained, with a value of 15.61 μmol of methanol.gcat-1 is in the order of results found in the literature. Based on the methanol production and characterization data, it was possible to confirm that the presence of oxidized copper species occupying charge compensation sites in the zeolite was a determining factor in their activity, whereas the copper oxide formation did not present activity. As expected, methanol production increased with the addition in copper content, however, increased with the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite. Under the conditions used, it was not possible to identify the copper oxo-cations species by the DRS-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy techniques.
Análise do Conselho de Administração da BRF S.A. como um campo de ação estratégica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Oliveira, Victor Tadeu de
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
In the context of Global Financialization, companies are now guiding their actions in order to deliver the largest possible dividends to their shareholders. In this sense, there are problems of agency, which are solved with Corporate Governance. One of its main elements is the Board of Directors, which represents the shareholders in monitoring the actions of management. In this study, we analyzed the Board of Directors of BRF S.A. as a Strategic Action Field during the rise until the fall of the businessman Abílio Diniz in his command, and the changes occurred from external shocks, besides the behavior of the incumbent and challenging groups, and using concepts of shareholder activism.
Uso de lodo gerado em estação de tratamento de água na fabricação de bloco cerâmico ecológico para uso em construções rurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Alvarenga, José Mauro Corrêa
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8257019127856898
Sludge generated at the Water Treatment Plant (ETA), which is the residue mainly formed in the decanter or the filter, is a material composed of solid, organic and inorganic substances, which is most often disposed of incorrectly in water bodies further polluting the environment. There are some options for the use of sludge from ETA, such as disposal in landfills and the incorporation in ceramic blocks that can be used in agricultural constructions. This last one is in expansion, many agricultural constructions like stables, small places of storage of inputs can be constructed with the call ecological ceramic blocks, in which the incorporation of different types of residues, in this case mud. In view of this scenario the objective of this work is to propose a feasibility study on the use of sludge being added in a ceramic block, thus verifying its viability in agricultural construction. The analyzes were done in the laboratory of a ceramics industry, initially it was carried out test in test bodies, where it was evaluated the plasticity, granulometry and Bigot's Curve, besides the primary analyzes of Moisture, Loss to Fire, Total Loss, Retraction of Drying, Burn Retention, Total Retention and Water Absorption of treatments with 100%, 70%, 50% and 20% of sludge, in addition to the standard mass. With the results in test specimens, a ceramic block with 20% and 5% of sludge was made, where a visual inspection, geometric characteristics, water absorption index and resistance to compression were made, all methodologies following NBR 15270: 2017. The tests in the test specimen showed that 100% of sludge could not be used, and the result that is closest to the standard established by ABNT for ceramic ceramic blocks was the treatment with 20% sludge, where even moisture close to double the standard mass the retraction and burning were very close to the standard mass. The ceramic blocks made with mud had results very close to the standard block, especially when it comes to water absorption and compressive strength, these being the most important factors when it comes to ceramic blocks of the type seal. With this study it can be concluded that it is possible to use sludge in the manufacture of ceramic blocks in the proportion of 20% and 5%.
Modelagem física de colunas granulares compactadas de RCC parcialmente reforçadas com geossintéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Albino, Jordan Lopes
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Oliveira, Tales Moreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4053909852078734
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058
Granular Columns has been intensively used as soil improvement for spread footings, embankments and other applications. The filling material of columns is generally crushed stone or sand. However, replacing these natural materials for construction-recycled wastes would provide a sustainable uses for this this material without losing technical benefits provided by natural filling material. In soft soils, geosynthetics have been applied as encasement of granular columns improving lateral confinement and, consequently, the stiffness and bearing capacity. Most of studies in literature involving geosynthetic-encased columns are limited for improvement of soft soils, whereas limited are the applications in cohesive soils with low bearing capacity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical and geotechnical behavior of construction waste granular columns reinforced with geosynthetics used as ground improvement of shallow foundations in a low strength cohesive soil. In order to provide viability of this technique, it was evaluate the mechanical behavior of granular columns partially reinforced with geosynthetics as encasement and as internally layered reinforcements. The study was based on load plate tests of small-scale 1-g physical models constructed in laboratory (10:1). The simulated foundation soil used in this research was a sandy-clay material with relatively low shear strength and stiffness. The column length was 40 cm with pre-compacted diameter of 5.5 cm. The steel plate was 20 cm in diameter and 3 cm thickness. Four load plate tests were performed: (i) on the foundation soil; (ii) on the soil improved with unreinforced granular column; (iii) on layered reinforced geogrid granular column; (iv) on the partially encased column. For the layered reinforced column, geogrids were positioned spaced each 2.5 cm from the top of the column, comprising in four layers of reinforcements. In the case of the partially encased columns, the geotextile covered the length of 11 cm (2D) from the top of the column. The tests were instrumented with load cell, displacement transducers for settlement monitoring, and earth pressure cells positioned at the base and at the top of the column for assessment of load transference during tests. Results demonstrated that the use of granular columns with recycled wastes reduced vertical displacement and improved bearing capacity of soil. The use geogrid layered reinforcement columns led to a significant improvement on the stiffness of foundation soil, although not changing the bearing capacity. On the other hand, the use of the partially encasement columns was found to improve both bearing capacity and stiffness. The study demonstrate the viability of using of recycled construction waste columns as a soil reinforcement providing sustainable and technical benefits mainly when using geosynthetics reinforcements.
Representações do ensino da leitura: as aulas de português na escola secundária brasileira (séculos XIX e XX)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Medeiros, Rejane Rodrigues Almeida de
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4823013748420772
The literary reading seems to have achieved a central role by the activities of teaching Portuguese Language at the end of 19th century and the first decades of 20th century, acting as a starting point for the development the ability of reading aloud or in silence, the learning of grammatical rules, the moral education, the acquisition of knowledge about literature, the education of literary taste, as well as for the elaboration of writing skills. The main purpose of this thesis is to deduce, through the analyses of Portuguese school textbooks and articles from teaching magazines published between 1890 and 1970 the forms of representation of teaching practices in the Portuguese classes of Brazilian secondary school in XIX and XX centuries, until the 1960 decade, the period in which literary reading prevailed in the class room. The corpus researched is constituted by anthologies, Portuguese books and textbooks from the Portuguese teacher, such as Seleta clássica (1914, 3ª ed.), from João Ribeiro; Céu, terra e mar (1920, 4ª ed.), from Antonio Mariano Alberto de Oliveira; Antologia Nacional (1929, 14ª ed.), from Fausto Barreto e Carlos Laet; O idioma nacional na escola secundária (1935) and O idioma nacional (1944), antologias para o ginásio e colégio, from Antenor Nascentes; the didactic series Livro de Português (1935-1955), from Magda Soares; and from teaching magazines, such as Revista Pedagógica (1890-1896), edited by the Union in Rio de Janeiro, and the Revista de Educação (1927-1961) published by the Education Secretary of the State of São Paulo. The theoretical and methodological referential adopted for the analyses of the described corpus is composed by the cultural history of reading in dialogue with the works about the history of Portuguese Language teaching in secondary school, as well as researches on the history of education. Besides presenting certain variation according to the goals by which the literary reading teaching is subject in the school, the representation forms of reading teaching in secondary school in the period analyzed also vary according to the historical and social conditions from which they emerged, what means that it is possible to realize, in the materiality and in the discourses from didact texts some continuities as well as disruptions with the practices of the past.
Síntese e caracterização de membrana de acetato de celulose obtida a partir da polpa acetossolve da madeira de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Alesi, Letícia Sant'Anna
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
Non-biodegradable polymers are produced on a large scale and cause several environmental problems, mostly because of their resistance to decomposition. Cellulose acetate is a non-toxic and a cheap polymer, representing a environmental importance. The objective of this work was the synthesis of cellulose acetate from the wood of Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) with 20 and 60 mesh granulometries from experimental planting, with 38 months of age, for the preparation of membranes.The materials were chemically characterized and the samples obtained at each stage of the processing were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Absorption Spectroscopy to evaluate the chemical and morphological changes of the samples and verify if the processes were successful. The materials were subjected to the pulping of acetose, bleaching and acetylation. The yields found for each process and the degree of polymerization and substitution of the acetates were analyzed. The membranes were also characterized by molecular absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-Vis). It was possible to make the acetates with the wood of both granulometries. The FTIR spectra showed changes in the bands of the samples indicating that the processes were efficient and the SEM images showed the morphological changes that occurred in the steps of the procedures. The cellulose acetate obtained from the 60 mesh material had a higher degree of substitution (2.74 ± 0.12) when compared to the 20 mesh acetate (2.59 ± 0.13), indicating that the grain size of the material influenced the acetylation efficiency. Despite, the DMA analysis showed that the 20 mesh membrane had higher strength than the 60 mesh membrane, the transmittance of the 60 mesh membrane at 550 nm was approximately 80%, showing to be superior than the 20 mesh membrane, especially when the purpose of the membrane requires transparency.
Fabricação e caracterização de heteroestruturas magnetoelétricas do sistema Pb(Zr0,2Ti0,8)O3/CoFe2O4 obtidas por RF-Sputtering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Bonini, Ricardo Pereira
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Zabotto, Fabio Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8828635263888498
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5922368801227094
This dissertation aims to develop new nanostructured magnetoelectric composites systems based on magnetoelectric effect. The magnetoelectric coupling in nanostructured systems has attracted interests mainly due to possibility of integration between ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism through the handling of electric and magnetic order by cross coupling between electric and magnetic fields. Through an experimental approach (synthesis, processing and characterization) the fabrication process was investigated by the RF-Sputtering technique and the characterization of heterostructured multiferroic composite materials of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/CoFe2O4 were performed. The ferroic and multiferroic properties were investigated for both the separately constituted phases and the heterostructured systems. In this work, the interface between phases has a significant role for the existence of coupling between the different phases, which variations of the ferroelectric and dielectric properties in the heterostructured system were correlated to strain and/or stress at the interface between the phases. In this case, a tensional stress arose in the CFO phase due to the presence of the PZT phase, resulting in an improvement of magnetic properties in case of perpendicular fields to the film surface applied. It was also possible to determine the existence of magnetoelectric coupling, since an improvement in the ferroelectric properties was observed under the presence of a magnetic field of ~5 kOe. Finally, it was reported the magnetodielectric coupling is enhanced in the dielectric dispersion region due to competition between the compressive stress in the PZT phase generated by CFO phase and the changes of electric polarization due to the ME coupling.