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Estabilidade e mudanças institucionais na indústria calçadista de Jaú/SP no período 1996-2016: auge e decadência econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12) Favoni, Celio; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8874030932382038
The women's footwear industry in Jaú / SP has become a success story for many local development jobs in Brazil, provided by a set of institutions and organizations built specifically for and for this industry. With the implementation of the Brazilian Support Service for Micro and Small Enterprises (Sebrae de Bauru) in 1991, and mainly in 2001, with the signing of the Integrated Sectorial Program (PSI), APEX and Sebrae, to financial, technological, political and management resources that resulted in the increase of companies, production, employment and income. Within this context, the objective of this study was to show the stability and institutional changes in the women's footwear industry in Jaú, in order to explain the advances and setbacks during the years of greater activity (productive and organizational) that occurred between 1996 and 2016, in addition to identifying the institutional frameworks, the central actors and the factors that can explain the institutional environment of this locality. As a theoretical basis, we appropriate the lens of Institutional Theory, to understand organizational action and explain collective action, and Network Theory which is a way of thinking about social systems, focusing on the relations between the actors that make up the system, in their attributes and built ties. Among the forms of networks are the agglomerations of companies, often described as Local Productive Cluster (LPC), which showed evidence of forming cooperative ties, usually consisting of small and medium-sized enterprises. The study was structured in a documentary research based on institutional reports and secondary data from RAIS / MTE and Seade / SP. We used the UCINET 6.0 and Gephi® software for the construction of affiliation networks for the periods 1996/2001, 2002/2009 and 2010/2016. Field research was qualitative with the application of a questionnaire to nine central actors, between July 2017 and September 2018. The study pointed to two fundamental institutional milestones: for stability, which was the signature of the Integrated Sector Program (PSI) in 2001 and another for change, based on the Public Civil Action filed by the Labor Ministry against Sebrae in 2009. Regarding the networks, 99 actors were identified among entities, public bodies, individuals and companies that had some type of (Borgatti, Everett, Johnson; 2013) and showed structural changes in both the number of actors and the density. We also identified the central players, among them Sebrae and Sindicalçados, who played a fundamental role in the construction of the network and in the development of the sector, but had a reduction in their activities and influence after 2009. The results of the field research indicated difficulties in cooperation and the professionalization of the actors as the main problem, besides the absence of leaders, values or norms that could legitimize a habit of collective spirit or mutual aid that could be identified as a prerequisite of the process of institutionalization of a social group.
Monitoramento de impactos ambientais pós-implantação de estações de tratamento de esgotos sanitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12) Fajardo, Poliana Arruda; Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6679206417866918
Among the projects that must be submitted to Environmental Licensing process with Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA in Brazil are the Wastewater Treatment Plants - WWTPs, due to their potential to generate significant negative environmental impacts. A fundamental step of the EIA is the post-implantation monitoring of the projects, as it reinforces the importance and gives meaning to the existence of its main instrument, the environmental impact study. However, researches in several countries, including Brazil, have identified that the post-project impacts monitoring stage has been neglected and the environmental impact studies have been considered as bureaucratic obstacles, whose importance ends in the granting of the Operation License - OL. From this perspective, the actions of the entrepreneurs regarding environmental impacts monitoring based on environmental impact studies are of great importance, as well as the actions of the environmental agencies, responsible for follow-up this monitoring. Thus, the aim of this research was to study aspects of post-project impacts monitoring of WWTPs in São Paulo state, based on its environmental impact study, the Preliminary Environmental Reports - PERs, as well as the actions of the environmental agency, the São Paulo State Environmental Company-CETESB, to follow up that monitoring. As a methodology, a bibliographic research; technical visits to the WWTPs for knowledge and to register observations of the treatment process, as well as getting photographic material to aid in the collection, interpretation and analysis of data were carried out. Interviews with the WWTPs managers, with a technician of Environmental Impact Assessment Board at the headquarters of CETESB in São Paulo, and with CETESB agencies managers were also made. Among the results obtained, the following were observed: the absence of management and monitoring plans in WWTPs PERs; unfamiliarity with the WWTPs PERs by the managers and the station's staff; the consideration by WWTPs managers that PER is a document of the past whose importance comes down to obtaining OL; the absence of post-project impacts monitoring based on PER; and the submission of data by the WWTPs to CETESB referring only to the wastewater treatment, such as the quality of the treated effluent and the river that receives this effluent body. Other results were: the verification of environmental impacts, that occurred or that may occur, not foreseen in the PERs; the contradiction between the managements of WWTPs and CETESB agencies regarding the requirements related to environmental monitoring and the visits by the agencies to the stations; and the lack of political will to implement improvement and problem solving projects, at least in one of the cases. It is considered that the results obtained in this research can subsidize the use and improvement of management and monitoring plans, the elaboration of future environmental impact studies, as well as to contribute to more effective actions of CETESB and WWTPs regarding the monitoring of environmental impacts in the post-implantation stage of WWTPs.
MultiTACT: uma abordagem para a construção de atividades de ensino multidisciplinares para estimular o Pensamento Computacional no Ensino Fundamental I
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12) Martinelli, Suéllen Rodolfo; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; Sakata, Tiemi Christine; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560505262283874; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9978120143458461
The Computational Thinking (CT) is recognized as a set of reasoning and critical skills, classified as “mental tools” to be used by the individual in solving various problems. Developing the competence of this “computational think” means know how to recognize patterns, apply algorithmic reasoning, know how to abstract and decompose problems, in situations that do not compete only with Computer Science, in an attempt to solve problems inherent to other areas of knowledge. The Computational Thinking is already explored in Basic Education by several countries, especially those related to the European continent. In Brazil, the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) adopted the term as part of the norms advocated by the document, which influences the composition of curricula in Brazilian schools. However, there is no consensus in the literature about which are the skills that define the CT and how such reasoning should be stimulated, considering the different realities and educational contexts of Brazilian schools. In order to facilitate the fomentation of the CT by the teachers who work in Elementary School (EFI), this research aim to understand what is necessary to understand and how to develop teaching activities that stimulate the Computational Thinking in EFI children, in the context of Brazilian educational institutions in the interior of São Paulo. To achieve this purpose, two case studies were carried out, and in each one of them, continued training was provided for teachers of Basic Education that approached about the CT and its possibilities of development in EFI. The participants of the courses elaborated teaching practices in order to stimulate the skills of the CT and the BNCC, being these activities evaluated through a qualitative perspective, centered in the processes of investigation of the Grounded Theory. The results obtained guided the formulation of the MultiTACT Approach, which aims to assist teachers in the creation and application of teaching activities that allow the promotion of the skills of the CT and the BNCC. The proposed approach brings together a set of recommendations and procedures that can be applied to the development of multidisciplinary teaching activities on Computational Thinking, as well as incorporating different teaching strategies and materials by the teacher.
Pesquisa científica em saúde: as representações sociais de jornalistas do Interior do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12) Marques, Vivian Guilherme; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993372916534672
The journalist can be seen as an opinion maker, who refers to providing access to information, with an important role on the dissemination of topics related to scientific research in Brazil. The general objective is to analyze the Social Representations of the scientific research in health of journalists from the State of São Paulo in the light of the field of Science, Technology and Society (CTS) and the Public Communication of Science, since the way in which they construct and share their representations of the research determines their attitude towards them and how they spread it in their journalistic materials. It is an exploratory research, of qualitative character and with theoretical-methodological reference based on the Theory of Social Representations. Interviews were conducted with a group of ten journalists, who held the position of editor in print and / or television news media, from four municipalities in the central region of the State of São Paulo, characterized by the important scientific production, in which public universities and federal institutes. The results showed a profile of these essays researched: formed by few journalists; not segmented by publishers; headed mainly by men; graduates in communication; with training in private education; which prioritize the news value of 'Proximity'; which emphasize health issues and have an essentialist and triumphalist view of science. The analysis of the data was based on the content analysis, systematized by the IRAMUTEQ software, forming five classes, subdivided into two main themes: A) Conceptions about research - which brings the conceptions of the interviewees about health research or research in general; about how is done (what it is), for whom is made (who benefits from it) and for what is done (for what it serves) scientific research; B) Communication of science - brings the theme of scientific divulgation, or more specifically, about the relationship between journalists and researchers; and about when the research is agenda or relevant issue to becoming a subject. The analysis of the results observed that, for these journalists, the social representation of scientific research in health permeates questions related to the classical view of science, confirmed by the beliefs about the authority of researchers, scientists and physicians; and also for the importance of science for healing and treatment of diseases. This view does not corroborate the precepts of the CTS movement that aims at a reflection on the traditional academy on Science & Technology, seeking to promote a new vision that considers essential for scientific work to be socially contextualized and the importance of the media for the dissemination of these research, being a link with society. The research brings notes to the understanding of how S&T needs to be presented to journalists better: such as the inclusion of CTS discipline in the curriculum; besides promoting a narrowing between press and university. Whereas, the researcher also has its preponderant role in this process by facilitating access to information; offer suggestions of agenda that meet the needs of the press; and to know the daily life of an essay.
Avaliação do potencial do bagaço de laranja industrial peletizado para a produção de butanol por Clostridium beijerinckii via fermentação acetona-butanol-etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-12) Silva, Gabriela Fiori; Silva, Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2291054769194665; Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9458263573346845
Among the lignocellulosic biomass produced in large quantities in Brazil, the production of orange juice stands out. This residue can be considered as source of raw material in fermentative processes and consequently leading to a generation of value-added products. Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation (ABE) may be a fermentation process of anaerobic bacteria sources of carbon from agro-industrial waste. Thus, the present study had to evaluate the butanol via ABE fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii from pelletized industrial orange pomace. This bagasse was milled, chemically compounded and quantified as to its composition in holocellulose (18.99 %), alfacelulose (5.37 %), hemicellulose (13.62 %), lignin (6.16 %), pectin (7.21 %) and protein (3.14 %) and is subjected to a pretreatment of ultrasound, autohydrolysis and acid-diluted followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to verify an amount of fermentable total reducing sugars (ART). The ABE fermentation was carried out in batch-reactors at 37 °C under agitation of 160 rpm under anaerobic conditions. During a fermentation samples were taken for analyzes of sugars and solvents. Pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis do not enhance a significant amount of available ART compared to bagasse rather than enzymatic hydrolysis. At the end of the enzymatic hydrolysis, it was possible to obtain 4,301 g/L of sugars in the liquid phase (hydrolyzed) and can be fermented. At the end (120 h) of the orange hydrolysate fermentation the consumption of sugars was 75.42%, and at 78.10% for the control using glucose, butanol production was 0.069 g/L (yield 0.02 g/g) and 0.237 g/L (yield 0.071 g/g), respectively. Production of solvent has shown that orange pomace has potential for ABE fermentation.