Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2019-03-13"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Investigação de conhecimentos de pais sobre o Trauma Craniano Violento e sua relação com o potencial de abuso infantil e o status socioeconômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Soares, Ana Paula de Miranda Araújo; Brino, Rachel de Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8380344583233356
This thesis is composed of three articles that aimed to investigate the risk factors involved in the occurrence of Abusive Head Trauma. The first one is a literature review whose purpose is to describe the risk factors associated with the family environment, characteristics of the child and the perpetrator. According to the review, the main risk factors described in the literature are socioeconomic vulnerability, stress situations, absence of support networks, inadequate prenatal care, children under three years of age, men with developmental deficit and male perpetrators. The need to investigate trauma-related knowledge, strategies used, abilities and beliefs of parents, as well as to enable health teams to detect the problem and to continuously deliver parent training programs are discussed. The second article consists of a qualitative analysis that aimed to present parents' knowledge regarding infant crying pattern and the consequences of shaking a baby, the strategies used to calm the crying baby, as well as managing the caregiver's stress at these times and maintaining their physical and emotional well-being. The results showed that less than half of the parents interviewed do not believe that shaking a baby can have moderate, serious or fatal consequences; almost all parents use strategies aimed at calming the crying baby, such as singing, talking to and holding him or her, although many strategies that could be effective are overlooked because of inadequate beliefs of these parents. In addition, most recognize that maintaining their physical and emotional well-being are important for them to be able to perform the tasks of nurturing their baby; however, few use strategies for stress management and frustration when the baby is crying. These topics are thus suggested to be addressed in prevention, intervention and parent training programs. Finally, the last article consists of a correlational analysis that sought to examine the relationship between parents' trauma-related knowledge, child abuse potential and socioeconomic status. Results show inadequate beliefs may be more present in lower socioeconomic classes, while the lack of knowledge about infant crying patterns is more common in higher socioeconomic classes. In addition, rigidity, that is, inflexibility concerning the child's behavior and appearance, seems to be related to inadequate beliefs about child care and also to lesser knowledge about the consequences of shaking a baby. It is therefore important that interventions are targeted to the needs of each target population and that a greater flexibility of parents' expectations for their children and themselves within their parenting role is emphasized.
Cartografias do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) de Geografia no Brasil: o desenho da política pública e seus saberes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Costa, Glauber Barros Alves; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7716686318910908
The proposal of this study rested in the interest in analyzing the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Institucional Program of Scholarships for Teacher Formation) (PIBID), the largest teacher training policy program in the country, understandings its role as a public policy, as well as discussing and reflecting upon conceptions and knowledge of the subprojects and the coordinators of the program and discuss about the knowledges in the PIBID. Parting from the analyses completed on the subprojects of geography from around the country and the interviews with the coordinators of these subprojects, a documentary and later exploratory study was developed. The idea was to analyze the subprojects of the PIBID in Geography selected for the 2013 cycle, as this was the cycle with most geography subprojects registered and executed during the preparation of this thesis, as it was elaborated between 2014 and February of 2018. The study focused on the way in which the PIBID is organized throughout the country and how policy on teacher formation occurs. Following the analysis of the subprojects, a categorization of the former was conducted in accordance with the projects and the ideas presented. In this way, in a smaller universe of research, the study continued to the exploratory phase with semi-structured interviews. The thesis proposes a field study based on 5% of the submitted subprojects, interviewing the 09 coordinators to understand the teaching knowledge they held and that knowledge which is present in their projects. As a result, the investigation constructed a doctoral research project that presents a view of teaching formation in geography, with the PIBID as the central focus and guiding axis of the investigation, we are defending about immersion knowledge, the concept created in this research. So, we are showing an original research that we prove the PIBID is a important public policy, program to teachers trainee, student assistance and a important program to approximate university and schools. Therefore, an original study was proposed with a critical analysis perspective about this topic. It can be inferred that the subprojects of the PIBID primarily dealt with the teaching of geography, but a deviation in the formative function or even in the geographical science was observed in several subprojects. The development and mobilization of diverse areas of knowledge guided by the coordinators was observed to conceptualize the subprojects and thus various ideas about the reflection of this policy in Brazilian degrees can be understood. The results in this research appears like tematics maps, grafics, spread sheets and figures, the besides narratives collected from the coordinators, showing the importance for this program to the teacher training courses in Brazil.
Currículo da vida: contribuições Freireanas para o ensino da Matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Morais, Rogério de; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2819930663580875
The school curriculum lies in an arena of disputes involving cultural, ideological and power relations and is characterized by its non-neutrality. In this study, the objective was to analyze the potential of intervention and transformation of reality through the teaching practice, in the area of mathematics, of a Freirean critical curriculum. A systematic review on the teaching of mathematics in the EJA was developed, based on a survey of knowledge production in the thesis and dissertation database of CAPES. An action research was started with the students of the project "Readers of the World", in the municipality of Conchas, São Paulo, aiming to construct with them a new curriculum of the teaching of Mathematics, in the Education of Young and Adults, that starts from the contradictions perceived in the moments of dialogue between educator and students and using the theoretical-methodological referential of historical and dialectical materialism mainly through the authors Freire and Caraça. The initial results show that few works have been interested in the theme of confluence between mathematical education, youth and adult education, and the liberating pedagogy of Paulo Freire, and so far research has proved to be fruitful and full of potentialities. scientific knowledge can serve as a fact for the emancipation of the subjects of learning, since it is used to overcome the contradictions of the inhuman reality that mediates the subjects in a gnosiological situation.
O espírito e a carne: a crítica de Bergson e Merleau-Ponty à ontologia objetivista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Temporal, Vanessa de Oliveira; Bimbenet, Étienne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1254119165750531; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6727749472080043
The basic aim of this thesis is to investigate the concepts of image in Henri Bergson (1859-1941) and of form in Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961). Bearing in mind the trajectory that these concepts play on both authors’ works, regarding the plenitude of existence into philosophy, as well as the way by which they are characterized as a counterpoint to the artificiality of abstract symbols, we question ourselves the philosophical potential to approach them. Taking into account their motor and vital natures, could there be a similarity in the way they structure philosophical enquiry? We are going to demonstrate that these concepts come close to each other insofar as they integrate a common project, namely the project of undertaking a phenomenal field and replacing the subject of the transcendental field for life itself as a condition for knowledge.
Efeito da qualidade e complexidade da matéria orgânica dissolvida de origem fitoplanctônica na diversidade e atividade de comunidades bacterianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Moraes, Guilherme Pavan de; Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006; Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5770613535282871
Bacteria are the world’s most abundant organisms and the foremost drivers of carbon and nutrient cycles in aquatic environments. Changes in the metabolic activity and composition of heterotrophic bacterial communities in response to interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) can potentially alter global biogeochemical cycles. In a context of global environmental changes, effects of the quantity and quality of DOM on the composition and activity of bacterial communities were investigated in experimental microcosms. Although such experiments allow a less descriptive analysis of these communities, they have limitations. Initial experimental communities need to be the same, limiting the number of manipulations that can be performed. Furthermore, microcosm cultivation usually results in drastic compositional changes in the communities. Thus, we also evaluated a cryopreservation method for whole natural communities which allows experiments with a unique initial community to be performed separately, as well as the effects of varying DOMs to keep the diversity of the cryopreserved communities. The results showed that both DOM quantity and quality were related to changes in the communities, with quality exerting an early response effect driven by competition and the intensity and duration of the effect modulated by quantity. Moreover, diversity and community composition of the bacterial communities were generally maintained after cryopreservation, although part of the diversity was lost, something more evident for communities from more stable and oligotrophic environments. In a global warming context, increase in the temperature oceans and freshwater bodies are expected, which could cause changes in the quantity and quality of the available DOM within these environments. This outcome could alter composition and metabolism of heterotrophic bacterial communities, causing not fully understood impacts on the carbon and nutrients global cycles.
Representações da leitura: uma análise discursiva do que dizem ingressantes e formandos de cursos de Letras sobre essa prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Zaccaro, Renata Maria Cortez da Rocha; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8535727852523767
The objective of this research was to investigate representations of reading shared by both Literature and Language undergraduate students in the first year and in the last academic year in college. The observation intended to infer possible similarities and differences related to how they create, express and perform reading practices in the first and in the last year of college. In order to accomplish this observation, a data survey was performed among Literature and Language college students from the first and the last semesters, from both a private college and a state college. They responded to a questionnaire containing objective and open-ended questions that aimed to encourage them to describe their reading perceptions, habits, and preferences and their own way of reading before getting into college and throughout the academic training. Principles and concepts of the French Discourse Analysis, especially those from Michael Foucault’s “order of discourse” form the theoretical and methodological basis for this research. In order to understand what is on the basis of what the students express about their discourse, this research is also based on the Cultural History, especially on Roger Chartier’s practices of writing and reading. Some of the responses given by the Literature and Language students on the questionnaire are shown in tables and figures in order to present from a quantitative point of view some of thoughts that they share about reading. Some statements that the students registered on the open-ended questions were selected to organize formally and informally rephrased groups of answers in order to understand their connections to certain discourses about reading that were originated or not from the same discursive background and that correspond to a given updated discursive memory and its many diverse forms of institutionalization and length over time. This study therefore described the conditions of production according to which these discourses were shaped by what the Literature and Language undergraduate students who are being trained to become reading instructors, among other possibilities, express.
Livros didáticos digitais, o governo brasileiro e a mídia: uma análise discursiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Vizibeli, Danilo; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142560156817712
The general aim of this research is to analyze what was stated in the media about the implementation of digital textbooks in Brazilian public schools in order to understand the discourses to which they belong to, what was said and the effects of meaning aimed or actually produced. The corpus is constituted by news published in the online media and readers' comments on the National Textbook Program (PNLD), launched in 2013 and the Guide to the Didactic Book that, for the first time, concerned parameters of orientation, promotion and government acquisition of Digital Textbooks (LDd). The theoretical framework is the French Discourse Analysis in a Pêcheutian perspective, so that we can analyze what was actually stated about this event of the inclusion of digital textbooks in this notice and guide, as well as the way in which what was said was formulated and circulated, aiming or having produced certain effects of sense. For this, we analyze a set of statements in their relations of paraphrase or polysemy, depending on the discursive formation in which they are inscribed when they are enunciated. The analyzes allowed us to observe the strength of the paraphrase relations between statements coming from a technical-marketing discursive formation and those assumed by different subjects (journalists, teachers, students, etc.) who pronounced about this in the texts that constitute our corpus. The news published in the media divulges the event as a great advance in the Brazilian school scene, especially articulated to the reiteration of the discourse that proposes the deficiency of public education in Brazil. This alleged deficiency (and often real) acts as an argument to justify the importance of incorporating digital technologies, such as LDd supply, as well as to anticipate any difficulties in demonstrating their promised impact. Thus, public education agents are held accountable: given the difficult access to digital technologies by students and teachers from public school, they have, in particular, teachers with little training, habit and ability to work with this type of resource in the classroom. The speech is always ideological. From this, we can observe the words that circulated in recent years in the official media and in the media about textbooks in the digital version and the discursive relations that these sayings establish between themselves, (re) meaning educational practices. Thus, pedagogical discourses, advertising discourses pro-technological innovation, technical-economic discourses that populate the words of institutional origin (MEC), as well as the media texts that have repercussions on the event. In general, what is stated in this respect is marked by euphoric positions about the promotion of the production of the digital textbooks and its inclusion in the public school space. We support ourselves, especially in the following bibliographic reference: Michel Pêcheux (1997; 2002; 2009; 2011; 2015) and Eni Orlandi (2009; 2012) for the studies in Discourse Analysis; Roger Chartier (1991, 1998, 2002), Manguel (1997) and Robert Darnton (1992) on reading practices and the history of the book; and on textbooks (printed or digital) Célia Cassiano (2013) and Ednei Procópio (2013).
Fundamentos, experimentos e simulação de tintas térmicas para aplicação em fornos cerâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13) Meo, Carlos Eduardo de; Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
Regarding the current need of higher sustainability and cost reductions of industrial processes, some require high amounts of energy due to the high temperatures involved being siderurgy a good example. In these scenarios thermal radiation becomes the major heat transfer process. Therefore two main routes are explored in this work: the use of high emissivity and high reflecting coatings aiming for an energy saving technology. Using these products, one of them is able to maintain the refractories bulk properties altering only the surface ones. A methodology for choosing between high reflectance or high emissivity is quite complex since the understanding of thermal optical properties relies on concepts from solid state physics and non-linear partial differential equations to model the heat fluxes. As a way of solving this issue, in this work a methodology is proposed based on attesting the efficiency of commercial coatings and numerical simulation to study high complex scenarios, where its usage is not easily available, like an industrial furnace that belongs to Saint-Gobain company. The results found in this work highlights possible gains of close to 2% using a combination of high emissivity and reflectance coatings on the furnace, but, in combination with other techniques besides coatings, possible gains close to 20%. Besides that, in this work it has been proven that there is no unanimous solution in terms of one coating over the other one. Each system is unique and the best energy saving solution might be a combination of both.