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Investigação de conhecimentos de pais sobre o Trauma Craniano Violento e sua relação com o potencial de abuso infantil e o status socioeconômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Soares, Ana Paula de Miranda Araújo
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Brino, Rachel de Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8380344583233356
This thesis is composed of three articles that aimed to investigate the risk factors involved in the occurrence of Abusive Head Trauma. The first one is a literature review whose purpose is to describe the risk factors associated with the family environment, characteristics of the child and the perpetrator. According to the review, the main risk factors described in the literature are socioeconomic vulnerability, stress situations, absence of support networks, inadequate prenatal care, children under three years of age, men with developmental deficit and male perpetrators. The need to investigate trauma-related knowledge, strategies used, abilities and beliefs of parents, as well as to enable health teams to detect the problem and to continuously deliver parent training programs are discussed. The second article consists of a qualitative analysis that aimed to present parents' knowledge regarding infant crying pattern and the consequences of shaking a baby, the strategies used to calm the crying baby, as well as managing the caregiver's stress at these times and maintaining their physical and emotional well-being. The results showed that less than half of the parents interviewed do not believe that shaking a baby can have moderate, serious or fatal consequences; almost all parents use strategies aimed at calming the crying baby, such as singing, talking to and holding him or her, although many strategies that could be effective are overlooked because of inadequate beliefs of these parents. In addition, most recognize that maintaining their physical and emotional well-being are important for them to be able to perform the tasks of nurturing their baby; however, few use strategies for stress management and frustration when the baby is crying. These topics are thus suggested to be addressed in prevention, intervention and parent training programs. Finally, the last article consists of a correlational analysis that sought to examine the relationship between parents' trauma-related knowledge, child abuse potential and socioeconomic status. Results show inadequate beliefs may be more present in lower socioeconomic classes, while the lack of knowledge about infant crying patterns is more common in higher socioeconomic classes. In addition, rigidity, that is, inflexibility concerning the child's behavior and appearance, seems to be related to inadequate beliefs about child care and also to lesser knowledge about the consequences of shaking a baby. It is therefore important that interventions are targeted to the needs of each target population and that a greater flexibility of parents' expectations for their children and themselves within their parenting role is emphasized.
Fundamentos, experimentos e simulação de tintas térmicas para aplicação em fornos cerâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Meo, Carlos Eduardo de
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
Regarding the current need of higher sustainability and cost reductions of industrial processes, some require high amounts of energy due to the high temperatures involved being siderurgy a good example. In these scenarios thermal radiation becomes the major heat transfer process. Therefore two main routes are explored in this work: the use of high emissivity and high reflecting coatings aiming for an energy saving technology. Using these products, one of them is able to maintain the refractories bulk properties altering only the surface ones. A methodology for choosing between high reflectance or high emissivity is quite complex since the understanding of thermal optical properties relies on concepts from solid state physics and non-linear partial differential equations to model the heat fluxes. As a way of solving this issue, in this work a methodology is proposed based on attesting the efficiency of commercial coatings and numerical simulation to study high complex scenarios, where its usage is not easily available, like an industrial furnace that belongs to Saint-Gobain company. The results found in this work highlights possible gains of close to 2% using a combination of high emissivity and reflectance coatings on the furnace, but, in combination with other techniques besides coatings, possible gains close to 20%. Besides that, in this work it has been proven that there is no unanimous solution in terms of one coating over the other one. Each system is unique and the best energy saving solution might be a combination of both.
Currículo da vida: contribuições Freireanas para o ensino da Matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Morais, Rogério de
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2819930663580875
The school curriculum lies in an arena of disputes involving cultural, ideological and power relations and is characterized by its non-neutrality. In this study, the objective was to analyze the potential of intervention and transformation of reality through the teaching practice, in the area of mathematics, of a Freirean critical curriculum. A systematic review on the teaching of mathematics in the EJA was developed, based on a survey of knowledge production in the thesis and dissertation database of CAPES. An action research was started with the students of the project "Readers of the World", in the municipality of Conchas, São Paulo, aiming to construct with them a new curriculum of the teaching of Mathematics, in the Education of Young and Adults, that starts from the contradictions perceived in the moments of dialogue between educator and students and using the theoretical-methodological referential of historical and dialectical materialism mainly through the authors Freire and Caraça. The initial results show that few works have been interested in the theme of confluence between mathematical education, youth and adult education, and the liberating pedagogy of Paulo Freire, and so far research has proved to be fruitful and full of potentialities. scientific knowledge can serve as a fact for the emancipation of the subjects of learning, since it is used to overcome the contradictions of the inhuman reality that mediates the subjects in a gnosiological situation.
Cartografias do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) de Geografia no Brasil: o desenho da política pública e seus saberes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Costa, Glauber Barros Alves
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7716686318910908
The proposal of this study rested in the interest in analyzing the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Institucional Program of Scholarships for Teacher Formation) (PIBID), the largest teacher training policy program in the country, understandings its role as a public policy, as well as discussing and reflecting upon conceptions and knowledge of the subprojects and the coordinators of the program and discuss about the knowledges in the PIBID. Parting from the analyses completed on the subprojects of geography from around the country and the interviews with the coordinators of these subprojects, a documentary and later exploratory study was developed. The idea was to analyze the subprojects of the PIBID in Geography selected for the 2013 cycle, as this was the cycle with most geography subprojects registered and executed during the preparation of this thesis, as it was elaborated between 2014 and February of 2018. The study focused on the way in which the PIBID is organized throughout the country and how policy on teacher formation occurs. Following the analysis of the subprojects, a categorization of the former was conducted in accordance with the projects and the ideas presented. In this way, in a smaller universe of research, the study continued to the exploratory phase with semi-structured interviews. The thesis proposes a field study based on 5% of the submitted subprojects, interviewing the 09 coordinators to understand the teaching knowledge they held and that knowledge which is present in their projects. As a result, the investigation constructed a doctoral research project that presents a view of teaching formation in geography, with the PIBID as the central focus and guiding axis of the investigation, we are defending about immersion knowledge, the concept created in this research. So, we are showing an original research that we prove the PIBID is a important public policy, program to teachers trainee, student assistance and a important program to approximate university and schools. Therefore, an original study was proposed with a critical analysis perspective about this topic. It can be inferred that the subprojects of the PIBID primarily dealt with the teaching of geography, but a deviation in the formative function or even in the geographical science was observed in several subprojects. The development and mobilization of diverse areas of knowledge guided by the coordinators was observed to conceptualize the subprojects and thus various ideas about the reflection of this policy in Brazilian degrees can be understood. The results in this research appears like tematics maps, grafics, spread sheets and figures, the besides narratives collected from the coordinators, showing the importance for this program to the teacher training courses in Brazil.
Efeito da qualidade e complexidade da matéria orgânica dissolvida de origem fitoplanctônica na diversidade e atividade de comunidades bacterianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Moraes, Guilherme Pavan de
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Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
Bacteria are the world’s most abundant organisms and the foremost drivers of carbon and nutrient cycles in aquatic environments. Changes in the metabolic activity and composition of heterotrophic bacterial communities in response to interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) can potentially alter global biogeochemical cycles. In a context of global environmental changes, effects of the quantity and quality of DOM on the composition and activity of bacterial communities were investigated in experimental microcosms. Although such experiments allow a less descriptive analysis of these communities, they have limitations. Initial experimental communities need to be the same, limiting the number of manipulations that can be performed. Furthermore, microcosm cultivation usually results in drastic compositional changes in the communities. Thus, we also evaluated a cryopreservation method for whole natural communities which allows experiments with a unique initial community to be performed separately, as well as the effects of varying DOMs to keep the diversity of the cryopreserved communities. The results showed that both DOM quantity and quality were related to changes in the communities, with quality exerting an early response effect driven by competition and the intensity and duration of the effect modulated by quantity. Moreover, diversity and community composition of the bacterial communities were generally maintained after cryopreservation, although part of the diversity was lost, something more evident for communities from more stable and oligotrophic environments. In a global warming context, increase in the temperature oceans and freshwater bodies are expected, which could cause changes in the quantity and quality of the available DOM within these environments. This outcome could alter composition and metabolism of heterotrophic bacterial communities, causing not fully understood impacts on the carbon and nutrients global cycles.
O espírito e a carne: a crítica de Bergson e Merleau-Ponty à ontologia objetivista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Temporal, Vanessa de Oliveira
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Bimbenet, Étienne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1254119165750531
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
The basic aim of this thesis is to investigate the concepts of image in Henri Bergson (1859-1941) and of form in Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961). Bearing in mind the trajectory that these concepts play on both authors’ works, regarding the plenitude of existence into philosophy, as well as the way by which they are characterized as a counterpoint to the artificiality of abstract symbols, we question ourselves the philosophical potential to approach them. Taking into account their motor and vital natures, could there be a similarity in the way they structure philosophical enquiry? We are going to demonstrate that these concepts come close to each other insofar as they integrate a common project, namely the project of undertaking a phenomenal field and replacing the subject of the transcendental field for life itself as a condition for knowledge.
Livros didáticos digitais, o governo brasileiro e a mídia: uma análise discursiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Vizibeli, Danilo
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142560156817712
The general aim of this research is to analyze what was stated in the media about the implementation of digital textbooks in Brazilian public schools in order to understand the discourses to which they belong to, what was said and the effects of meaning aimed or actually produced. The corpus is constituted by news published in the online media and readers' comments on the National Textbook Program (PNLD), launched in 2013 and the Guide to the Didactic Book that, for the first time, concerned parameters of orientation, promotion and government acquisition of Digital Textbooks (LDd). The theoretical framework is the French Discourse Analysis in a Pêcheutian perspective, so that we can analyze what was actually stated about this event of the inclusion of digital textbooks in this notice and guide, as well as the way in which what was said was formulated and circulated, aiming or having produced certain effects of sense. For this, we analyze a set of statements in their relations of paraphrase or polysemy, depending on the discursive formation in which they are inscribed when they are enunciated. The analyzes allowed us to observe the strength of the paraphrase relations between statements coming from a technical-marketing discursive formation and those assumed by different subjects (journalists, teachers, students, etc.) who pronounced about this in the texts that constitute our corpus. The news published in the media divulges the event as a great advance in the Brazilian school scene, especially articulated to the reiteration of the discourse that proposes the deficiency of public education in Brazil. This alleged deficiency (and often real) acts as an argument to justify the importance of incorporating digital technologies, such as LDd supply, as well as to anticipate any difficulties in demonstrating their promised impact. Thus, public education agents are held accountable: given the difficult access to digital technologies by students and teachers from public school, they have, in particular, teachers with little training, habit and ability to work with this type of resource in the classroom. The speech is always ideological. From this, we can observe the words that circulated in recent years in the official media and in the media about textbooks in the digital version and the discursive relations that these sayings establish between themselves, (re) meaning educational practices. Thus, pedagogical discourses, advertising discourses pro-technological innovation, technical-economic discourses that populate the words of institutional origin (MEC), as well as the media texts that have repercussions on the event. In general, what is stated in this respect is marked by euphoric positions about the promotion of the production of the digital textbooks and its inclusion in the public school space. We support ourselves, especially in the following bibliographic reference: Michel Pêcheux (1997; 2002; 2009; 2011; 2015) and Eni Orlandi (2009; 2012) for the studies in Discourse Analysis; Roger Chartier (1991, 1998, 2002), Manguel (1997) and Robert Darnton (1992) on reading practices and the history of the book; and on textbooks (printed or digital) Célia Cassiano (2013) and Ednei Procópio (2013).
Representações da leitura: uma análise discursiva do que dizem ingressantes e formandos de cursos de Letras sobre essa prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-13)
Zaccaro, Renata Maria Cortez da Rocha
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8535727852523767
The objective of this research was to investigate representations of reading shared by both Literature and Language undergraduate students in the first year and in the last academic year in college. The observation intended to infer possible similarities and differences related to how they create, express and perform reading practices in the first and in the last year of college. In order to accomplish this observation, a data survey was performed among Literature and Language college students from the first and the last semesters, from both a private college and a state college. They responded to a questionnaire containing objective and open-ended questions that aimed to encourage them to describe their reading perceptions, habits, and preferences and their own way of reading before getting into college and throughout the academic training. Principles and concepts of the French Discourse Analysis, especially those from Michael Foucault’s “order of discourse” form the theoretical and methodological basis for this research. In order to understand what is on the basis of what the students express about their discourse, this research is also based on the Cultural History, especially on Roger Chartier’s practices of writing and reading. Some of the responses given by the Literature and Language students on the questionnaire are shown in tables and figures in order to present from a quantitative point of view some of thoughts that they share about reading. Some statements that the students registered on the open-ended questions were selected to organize formally and informally rephrased groups of answers in order to understand their connections to certain discourses about reading that were originated or not from the same discursive background and that correspond to a given updated discursive memory and its many diverse forms of institutionalization and length over time. This study therefore described the conditions of production according to which these discourses were shaped by what the Literature and Language undergraduate students who are being trained to become reading instructors, among other possibilities, express.
Oxidação de metano a metanol sobre zeólitas Cu.MOR: efeito do método de preparação na atividade catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Picinini, Monize
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7026596027202260
The direct oxidation of methane to higher value-added products, such as methanol, has gained notable interest in recent times. The challenge is that this process occurs with high efficiency and lower energy consumption, thus becoming economically interesting. Due to the difficulty in breaking the C-H bonds of methane, it was required to employ catalysts active and selective to methanol. Thus, the researches have been directed to the use of zeolites exchanged with oxo-cations species (M-O-M)2+, responsible for the oxidation of methane, recreating a mechanism of reactivity similar to that found in the enzyme methane monooxygenase. In this context, this work had as objective to oxidize methane to methanol on Cu.mordenite zeolites with different Si/Al ratios, which were prepared by ion exchange or impregnation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The oxidation of methane was carried out in three steps: activation of Cu.mordenite zeolites under air flow, reaction with methane and extraction of the generated methanol adsorbed on the zeolite. The influence on the catalytic activity of the preparation method, content, and type of copper species and Si/Al ratio were analyzed. All the zeolites studied were able to convert methane to methanol, however, those prepared by ion exchange showed higher production than those prepared by impregnation. The maximum production obtained, with a value of 15.61 μmol of methanol.gcat-1 is in the order of results found in the literature. Based on the methanol production and characterization data, it was possible to confirm that the presence of oxidized copper species occupying charge compensation sites in the zeolite was a determining factor in their activity, whereas the copper oxide formation did not present activity. As expected, methanol production increased with the addition in copper content, however, increased with the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite. Under the conditions used, it was not possible to identify the copper oxo-cations species by the DRS-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy techniques.
Análise do Conselho de Administração da BRF S.A. como um campo de ação estratégica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Oliveira, Victor Tadeu de
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
In the context of Global Financialization, companies are now guiding their actions in order to deliver the largest possible dividends to their shareholders. In this sense, there are problems of agency, which are solved with Corporate Governance. One of its main elements is the Board of Directors, which represents the shareholders in monitoring the actions of management. In this study, we analyzed the Board of Directors of BRF S.A. as a Strategic Action Field during the rise until the fall of the businessman Abílio Diniz in his command, and the changes occurred from external shocks, besides the behavior of the incumbent and challenging groups, and using concepts of shareholder activism.
Uso de lodo gerado em estação de tratamento de água na fabricação de bloco cerâmico ecológico para uso em construções rurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Alvarenga, José Mauro Corrêa
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8257019127856898
Sludge generated at the Water Treatment Plant (ETA), which is the residue mainly formed in the decanter or the filter, is a material composed of solid, organic and inorganic substances, which is most often disposed of incorrectly in water bodies further polluting the environment. There are some options for the use of sludge from ETA, such as disposal in landfills and the incorporation in ceramic blocks that can be used in agricultural constructions. This last one is in expansion, many agricultural constructions like stables, small places of storage of inputs can be constructed with the call ecological ceramic blocks, in which the incorporation of different types of residues, in this case mud. In view of this scenario the objective of this work is to propose a feasibility study on the use of sludge being added in a ceramic block, thus verifying its viability in agricultural construction. The analyzes were done in the laboratory of a ceramics industry, initially it was carried out test in test bodies, where it was evaluated the plasticity, granulometry and Bigot's Curve, besides the primary analyzes of Moisture, Loss to Fire, Total Loss, Retraction of Drying, Burn Retention, Total Retention and Water Absorption of treatments with 100%, 70%, 50% and 20% of sludge, in addition to the standard mass. With the results in test specimens, a ceramic block with 20% and 5% of sludge was made, where a visual inspection, geometric characteristics, water absorption index and resistance to compression were made, all methodologies following NBR 15270: 2017. The tests in the test specimen showed that 100% of sludge could not be used, and the result that is closest to the standard established by ABNT for ceramic ceramic blocks was the treatment with 20% sludge, where even moisture close to double the standard mass the retraction and burning were very close to the standard mass. The ceramic blocks made with mud had results very close to the standard block, especially when it comes to water absorption and compressive strength, these being the most important factors when it comes to ceramic blocks of the type seal. With this study it can be concluded that it is possible to use sludge in the manufacture of ceramic blocks in the proportion of 20% and 5%.
Modelagem física de colunas granulares compactadas de RCC parcialmente reforçadas com geossintéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Albino, Jordan Lopes
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Oliveira, Tales Moreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4053909852078734
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058
Granular Columns has been intensively used as soil improvement for spread footings, embankments and other applications. The filling material of columns is generally crushed stone or sand. However, replacing these natural materials for construction-recycled wastes would provide a sustainable uses for this this material without losing technical benefits provided by natural filling material. In soft soils, geosynthetics have been applied as encasement of granular columns improving lateral confinement and, consequently, the stiffness and bearing capacity. Most of studies in literature involving geosynthetic-encased columns are limited for improvement of soft soils, whereas limited are the applications in cohesive soils with low bearing capacity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical and geotechnical behavior of construction waste granular columns reinforced with geosynthetics used as ground improvement of shallow foundations in a low strength cohesive soil. In order to provide viability of this technique, it was evaluate the mechanical behavior of granular columns partially reinforced with geosynthetics as encasement and as internally layered reinforcements. The study was based on load plate tests of small-scale 1-g physical models constructed in laboratory (10:1). The simulated foundation soil used in this research was a sandy-clay material with relatively low shear strength and stiffness. The column length was 40 cm with pre-compacted diameter of 5.5 cm. The steel plate was 20 cm in diameter and 3 cm thickness. Four load plate tests were performed: (i) on the foundation soil; (ii) on the soil improved with unreinforced granular column; (iii) on layered reinforced geogrid granular column; (iv) on the partially encased column. For the layered reinforced column, geogrids were positioned spaced each 2.5 cm from the top of the column, comprising in four layers of reinforcements. In the case of the partially encased columns, the geotextile covered the length of 11 cm (2D) from the top of the column. The tests were instrumented with load cell, displacement transducers for settlement monitoring, and earth pressure cells positioned at the base and at the top of the column for assessment of load transference during tests. Results demonstrated that the use of granular columns with recycled wastes reduced vertical displacement and improved bearing capacity of soil. The use geogrid layered reinforcement columns led to a significant improvement on the stiffness of foundation soil, although not changing the bearing capacity. On the other hand, the use of the partially encasement columns was found to improve both bearing capacity and stiffness. The study demonstrate the viability of using of recycled construction waste columns as a soil reinforcement providing sustainable and technical benefits mainly when using geosynthetics reinforcements.
Representações do ensino da leitura: as aulas de português na escola secundária brasileira (séculos XIX e XX)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Medeiros, Rejane Rodrigues Almeida de
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4823013748420772
The literary reading seems to have achieved a central role by the activities of teaching Portuguese Language at the end of 19th century and the first decades of 20th century, acting as a starting point for the development the ability of reading aloud or in silence, the learning of grammatical rules, the moral education, the acquisition of knowledge about literature, the education of literary taste, as well as for the elaboration of writing skills. The main purpose of this thesis is to deduce, through the analyses of Portuguese school textbooks and articles from teaching magazines published between 1890 and 1970 the forms of representation of teaching practices in the Portuguese classes of Brazilian secondary school in XIX and XX centuries, until the 1960 decade, the period in which literary reading prevailed in the class room. The corpus researched is constituted by anthologies, Portuguese books and textbooks from the Portuguese teacher, such as Seleta clássica (1914, 3ª ed.), from João Ribeiro; Céu, terra e mar (1920, 4ª ed.), from Antonio Mariano Alberto de Oliveira; Antologia Nacional (1929, 14ª ed.), from Fausto Barreto e Carlos Laet; O idioma nacional na escola secundária (1935) and O idioma nacional (1944), antologias para o ginásio e colégio, from Antenor Nascentes; the didactic series Livro de Português (1935-1955), from Magda Soares; and from teaching magazines, such as Revista Pedagógica (1890-1896), edited by the Union in Rio de Janeiro, and the Revista de Educação (1927-1961) published by the Education Secretary of the State of São Paulo. The theoretical and methodological referential adopted for the analyses of the described corpus is composed by the cultural history of reading in dialogue with the works about the history of Portuguese Language teaching in secondary school, as well as researches on the history of education. Besides presenting certain variation according to the goals by which the literary reading teaching is subject in the school, the representation forms of reading teaching in secondary school in the period analyzed also vary according to the historical and social conditions from which they emerged, what means that it is possible to realize, in the materiality and in the discourses from didact texts some continuities as well as disruptions with the practices of the past.
Síntese e caracterização de membrana de acetato de celulose obtida a partir da polpa acetossolve da madeira de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Alesi, Letícia Sant'Anna
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
Non-biodegradable polymers are produced on a large scale and cause several environmental problems, mostly because of their resistance to decomposition. Cellulose acetate is a non-toxic and a cheap polymer, representing a environmental importance. The objective of this work was the synthesis of cellulose acetate from the wood of Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) with 20 and 60 mesh granulometries from experimental planting, with 38 months of age, for the preparation of membranes.The materials were chemically characterized and the samples obtained at each stage of the processing were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Absorption Spectroscopy to evaluate the chemical and morphological changes of the samples and verify if the processes were successful. The materials were subjected to the pulping of acetose, bleaching and acetylation. The yields found for each process and the degree of polymerization and substitution of the acetates were analyzed. The membranes were also characterized by molecular absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-Vis). It was possible to make the acetates with the wood of both granulometries. The FTIR spectra showed changes in the bands of the samples indicating that the processes were efficient and the SEM images showed the morphological changes that occurred in the steps of the procedures. The cellulose acetate obtained from the 60 mesh material had a higher degree of substitution (2.74 ± 0.12) when compared to the 20 mesh acetate (2.59 ± 0.13), indicating that the grain size of the material influenced the acetylation efficiency. Despite, the DMA analysis showed that the 20 mesh membrane had higher strength than the 60 mesh membrane, the transmittance of the 60 mesh membrane at 550 nm was approximately 80%, showing to be superior than the 20 mesh membrane, especially when the purpose of the membrane requires transparency.
Fabricação e caracterização de heteroestruturas magnetoelétricas do sistema Pb(Zr0,2Ti0,8)O3/CoFe2O4 obtidas por RF-Sputtering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Bonini, Ricardo Pereira
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Zabotto, Fabio Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8828635263888498
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5922368801227094
This dissertation aims to develop new nanostructured magnetoelectric composites systems based on magnetoelectric effect. The magnetoelectric coupling in nanostructured systems has attracted interests mainly due to possibility of integration between ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism through the handling of electric and magnetic order by cross coupling between electric and magnetic fields. Through an experimental approach (synthesis, processing and characterization) the fabrication process was investigated by the RF-Sputtering technique and the characterization of heterostructured multiferroic composite materials of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/CoFe2O4 were performed. The ferroic and multiferroic properties were investigated for both the separately constituted phases and the heterostructured systems. In this work, the interface between phases has a significant role for the existence of coupling between the different phases, which variations of the ferroelectric and dielectric properties in the heterostructured system were correlated to strain and/or stress at the interface between the phases. In this case, a tensional stress arose in the CFO phase due to the presence of the PZT phase, resulting in an improvement of magnetic properties in case of perpendicular fields to the film surface applied. It was also possible to determine the existence of magnetoelectric coupling, since an improvement in the ferroelectric properties was observed under the presence of a magnetic field of ~5 kOe. Finally, it was reported the magnetodielectric coupling is enhanced in the dielectric dispersion region due to competition between the compressive stress in the PZT phase generated by CFO phase and the changes of electric polarization due to the ME coupling.
Ações afirmativas: políticas de permanência para estudantes cotistas na Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Cavichiolo, Katia Silene
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Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
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Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
Affirmative actions have been implemented in public educational institutions as a way of trying to "compensate" a history of social inequalities in the access to Brazilian higher education. Among other public policies, vacancies in federal higher education institutions, implemented by Law 12.711 / 12, have expanded and diversified access to federal universities for the popular, black, brown and indigenous classes. However, student permanence at the university began to play a fundamental role for these actions to become effective. It is understood that affirmative action in higher education institutions involves the access and continuity of students from historically excluded groups. Two concepts are used as a key points: redistribution, which consists of the social policy of equality in terms of the distribution of political and economic resources represented not only by vaccancies to access the university, but also by the economical support of the quota students for their stay in the university; and recognition, understood as cultural politics of difference, that is, that institutionalized patterns allow parity among individuals, without one group being subordinate to the other. In this context, this masters dissertation objective to understand how and if affirmative actions, especially policies addressed to the student stay, have contributed to the inclusion of students historically excluded from educational degree, from a local reality. To explore this phenomenon, we chose a case study at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos campus, Brazil. It was based on the triangulation of data searched by a literature review, analysis of 8 documents in the period 2014-2018 and thematic conversations, composed of a group activity and 7 interviews, among which 5 individual and 2 in double, all the participants entering in the university through the modalities of quotas, with registrations active in the face-to-face undergraduate courses. The results indicate the existence of institutional support in three dimensions: material, symbolic and pedagogical, which, according to the participants, are not enough for the inclusion of the poorest students in the University. From the perspective of the redistribution-recognition dilemma, it was found that the university invests in "affirmative remedies" that need retroalimentacion constantly, unlike the "transformative remedies" enable to emancipate groups. It is considered, therefore, that, despite the positive results in progress, some transformative initiatives could be adopted in order to broaden the scope of inclusion promoted by affirmative action at the university studied.
Análise das relações entre propriedades físicas e mecânicas em diferentes regiões de extração da madeira de Cambará (Erisma Uncinatum Warm)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Aquino, Vinicius Borges de Moura
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Christoforo, André Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5303314880493623
This research had the purpose of evaluating the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of Cambará wood extracted from three distinct sites: Vera, Mucajaí and south of Rondônia. The possibility of estimating (linear regression, exponential, geometric and logarithmic models) the physical and mechanical properties as a function of apparent density will also be evaluated. This research was motivated by the fact that there is no consideration in the normative code the influence of the extraction regions on the physical and mechanical properties of timber, since different climatic conditions, vegetation and soil in which the tree can influence their growth and, consequently, the values of its physical and mechanical properties. The ABNT NBR 7190, the Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and the resampling technique were considered in the accomplishment of the procedures. The results of ANOVA indicated an equivalence index equal to 100% for the properties of the Vera region, 94% for the regions of Mucajaí and South of Rondônia. The resampling technique led to similar results for the Vera and Mucajaí regions and for the southern region of Rondônia, the equivalence index was equal to 89%. The results of the ANOVA to estimate the physical and mechanical properties in function of the apparent density indicated that it was not possible to make such estimates for Cambará wood.
Educação ambiental no facebook: a propagabilidade dos memes sobre conservação da biodiversidade na página zoololgico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Emídio, Leticia Stefania
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Silva, Rosana Louro Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2635824351245453
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4188879880000074
The participatory culture and the collaborative content creation in social networks have turned memes into elements of communicative expression that are widespread today. This popular phenomenon that transits between the online and offline world has raised interest in testing the potential for science divulgation of this tool in consonance with the principles of Critical Environmental Education, which aimed the democratization in constructing and accessing to knowledge in the area of biodiversity conservation and the work of zoological institutions of the world. In this research, we tested the use of memes as a communication strategy for spreading socio-environmental content in Facebook, in a humorous but also dialogic and critical approach. Creating a Facebook page called ZOOLOLGICO, we sought to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the public's acceptance of the proposal, using the insights of the page and an online questionnaire. The form was answered by 45 people (about 5% of the followers) at the end of 4 months of collection, to understand the nature of the relationships and interactions that have been formed between the followers of the page and the published content. The results show us that the the public accepted well the proposal, reaching almost 900 followers in just 123 days, and with publications reaching more than 50 thousand views. The public that answered the questionnaire was equilibratedly divided between the general public and people directly involved in the work of zoos, but the overwhelming majority were graduates or postgraduates (91.1%) in the area of Biological Sciences and Health (66.7%). The feedback received by the questionnaire was also very positive, with the overall content being classified as excellent (57.8%) or very good (35.6%), with a high consumption content of the content posted, and with several requests for the page to continue to function after data collection. The questionnaire also allowed us to raise some reasons that discourage the visit to zoos, specific notes about some of the posts and about four indicatives of conceptions’ changes about the importance of zoos’ conservation work and maintenance of the animals’ welfare in captivity.
Efeitos do cobre na microalga Kirchneriella obesa em cultura unialgal e em co-cultivo com Chlorella sorokiniana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Dextro, Rafael Barty
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2669476480349280
There is enough evidence that copper plays a crucial role in regulating phytoplankton metabolism. However, despite its requirement in trace amounts, there is a literature gap on the physiology of microalgae exposed to environmentally relevant copper concentrations; most literature report results using ~10 to 100 times higher copper than what can be detected in most natural ecosystems. This study aimed at investigating some physiological responses of Kirchneriella obesa exposed to copper, including environmental relevant concentrations in an ample range (3x10-9 to 4x10-5 mol L-1 free Cu2+ ions)(chapter 1) and the effects of three different copper concentrations on the co-cultivation of K. obesa and Chlorella sorokiniana (chapter 2). K. obesa’s EC50 was 1,25x10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+. Physiological analyses were performed at 72 h (exponentially growing cells) for both experiments and cultures were kept under controlled conditions. They were monitored daily for cell density, chlorophyll a and maximum photosynthetic quantum yield; biovolume and effective photosynthetic quantum yield, fluorescence quenchings (photochemical and non-photochemical) and rapid light saturation curves were also determined. In addition to these parmeters, for chapter 1, the intracellular and mucilaginous capsule copper content and total carbohydrates and proteins were determined; whereas at the end of the co-cultivation, all previously listed photosynthetic parameters were measured for each species. Intracellular and mucilaginous copper showed that the physiological mechanisms that regulate copper uptake were disrupted at 2x10-7 mol L-1 free Cu2+ ions, when intracellular copper increased linearly with copper increase in the mucilage capsule. The results showed an increase in biovolume with the increment of copper on both unialgal and co-cultures. Effective quantum yield was kept constant up to 10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+ ions but decreased thereafter. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) behaved the opposite way as the effective quantum yield, confirming copper induced stress in cells exposed to concentrations higher than 4x10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+ ions. Proteins and carbohydrates presented similar behaviour, increasing noticeably above 10-7 mol L-1, with higher intensity for carbohydrates. C. sorokiniana and K. obesa presented higher growth rates in the co-cultivation than in unialgal cultures when exposed to 2x10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+. This research demonstrated that environmental copper concentrations detected nowadays might affect the physiology of K. obesa and that an effect on copper toxicity may occur during the joint growth of K. obesa with C. sorokiniana. Our results are a contribution towards the understanding of the equilibrium of natural aquatic ecosystems.
Intervenção para crianças, adolescentes e suas cuidadoras expostas à VPI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Otaguiri, Alliny Tiemi Moia
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D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6187635324223493
Intimate partner violence (IPV) consists in a public health matter, which affects not only its direct victims, but also thousands of children who live in homes where the phenomenon occurs. It is known that the exposure of children and adolescents to IVP may lead to short-, medium-, and long-term impacts throughout their development. Thus, intervention programs aimed at this population are necessary, both from the attenuation of IPV exposure consequences, as well as from the prevention of the perpetuation of the cycle of violence point of view. Also, it should be noted that both the quality of the relationship between the mother or caretaker and the child, as well as the mental health situation of the mother/caregiver carry deep influence along the development of children. Considering such context, the present dissertation was developed, and composed of three scientific articles related to the theme. The first article consisted of a literature review which aimed to identify interventions conducted with parallel groups of mothers and their children who have been exposed to IPV. The analyses of the 13 selected articles has allowed us to conclude that intervention programs which treat both mothers and children lead to positive results for both parts. Also, improvements on mothers’ symptoms were related to improvements on their children’s. In this way, intervention programs that aim at the prevention and treatment of the effects of IPV exposure, both for mothers/caregivers and for their children, present as important resources. The second article describes the process of adapting the Community Treatment Program of Witness Groups of Women Abuse (CGTP), a Canadian intervention program for children, adolescents and their mothers/caregivers exposed to IPV, to the Brazilian reality. Our research began once the authorization to conduct the adaptation process was granted by the owners of the original program. The translated version of the program was submitted to the evaluation of expert judges, who provided their assessments of the content and relevance of the activities to the Brazilian reality, in terms of cultural, semantic and conceptual adequacy. The judges found the structure, approach and activities of the program to be relevant to the Brazilian context. The modification of some games and activities included in the sessions was suggested, as well as the refinement of some language aspects, such as the use of a more informal language on the materials intended for participants. Finally, on the third study, professionals with experience on working with the targeted population (children, adolescents and their mothers/caregivers exposed to IPV) were interviewed. This study was developed in addition to the cross-cultural adaptation procedure, and the participants were consulted about what they considered relevant for the development of an intervention such as the CGTP. The professionals pointed out characteristics such as: conducting sessions in groups divided by age, with occasional meetings between families and children and ludic activities. They recommended the approach of themes such as self-protection, assertive communication skills, feelings of guilt and shame, prevention of violence, rules, limits, notions of bodily autonomy and consent, emotional education, self-esteem, among others. By the end of the adaptation process, it was possible to conclude that the adapted intervention program (“Vida livre de violência para mães e filhos”) was adequate to Brazilian reality.