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Oxidação de metano a metanol sobre zeólitas Cu.MOR: efeito do método de preparação na atividade catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Picinini, Monize
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7026596027202260
The direct oxidation of methane to higher value-added products, such as methanol, has gained notable interest in recent times. The challenge is that this process occurs with high efficiency and lower energy consumption, thus becoming economically interesting. Due to the difficulty in breaking the C-H bonds of methane, it was required to employ catalysts active and selective to methanol. Thus, the researches have been directed to the use of zeolites exchanged with oxo-cations species (M-O-M)2+, responsible for the oxidation of methane, recreating a mechanism of reactivity similar to that found in the enzyme methane monooxygenase. In this context, this work had as objective to oxidize methane to methanol on Cu.mordenite zeolites with different Si/Al ratios, which were prepared by ion exchange or impregnation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The oxidation of methane was carried out in three steps: activation of Cu.mordenite zeolites under air flow, reaction with methane and extraction of the generated methanol adsorbed on the zeolite. The influence on the catalytic activity of the preparation method, content, and type of copper species and Si/Al ratio were analyzed. All the zeolites studied were able to convert methane to methanol, however, those prepared by ion exchange showed higher production than those prepared by impregnation. The maximum production obtained, with a value of 15.61 μmol of methanol.gcat-1 is in the order of results found in the literature. Based on the methanol production and characterization data, it was possible to confirm that the presence of oxidized copper species occupying charge compensation sites in the zeolite was a determining factor in their activity, whereas the copper oxide formation did not present activity. As expected, methanol production increased with the addition in copper content, however, increased with the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite. Under the conditions used, it was not possible to identify the copper oxo-cations species by the DRS-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy techniques.
Análise do Conselho de Administração da BRF S.A. como um campo de ação estratégica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Oliveira, Victor Tadeu de
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
In the context of Global Financialization, companies are now guiding their actions in order to deliver the largest possible dividends to their shareholders. In this sense, there are problems of agency, which are solved with Corporate Governance. One of its main elements is the Board of Directors, which represents the shareholders in monitoring the actions of management. In this study, we analyzed the Board of Directors of BRF S.A. as a Strategic Action Field during the rise until the fall of the businessman Abílio Diniz in his command, and the changes occurred from external shocks, besides the behavior of the incumbent and challenging groups, and using concepts of shareholder activism.
Uso de lodo gerado em estação de tratamento de água na fabricação de bloco cerâmico ecológico para uso em construções rurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Alvarenga, José Mauro Corrêa
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8257019127856898
Sludge generated at the Water Treatment Plant (ETA), which is the residue mainly formed in the decanter or the filter, is a material composed of solid, organic and inorganic substances, which is most often disposed of incorrectly in water bodies further polluting the environment. There are some options for the use of sludge from ETA, such as disposal in landfills and the incorporation in ceramic blocks that can be used in agricultural constructions. This last one is in expansion, many agricultural constructions like stables, small places of storage of inputs can be constructed with the call ecological ceramic blocks, in which the incorporation of different types of residues, in this case mud. In view of this scenario the objective of this work is to propose a feasibility study on the use of sludge being added in a ceramic block, thus verifying its viability in agricultural construction. The analyzes were done in the laboratory of a ceramics industry, initially it was carried out test in test bodies, where it was evaluated the plasticity, granulometry and Bigot's Curve, besides the primary analyzes of Moisture, Loss to Fire, Total Loss, Retraction of Drying, Burn Retention, Total Retention and Water Absorption of treatments with 100%, 70%, 50% and 20% of sludge, in addition to the standard mass. With the results in test specimens, a ceramic block with 20% and 5% of sludge was made, where a visual inspection, geometric characteristics, water absorption index and resistance to compression were made, all methodologies following NBR 15270: 2017. The tests in the test specimen showed that 100% of sludge could not be used, and the result that is closest to the standard established by ABNT for ceramic ceramic blocks was the treatment with 20% sludge, where even moisture close to double the standard mass the retraction and burning were very close to the standard mass. The ceramic blocks made with mud had results very close to the standard block, especially when it comes to water absorption and compressive strength, these being the most important factors when it comes to ceramic blocks of the type seal. With this study it can be concluded that it is possible to use sludge in the manufacture of ceramic blocks in the proportion of 20% and 5%.
Modelagem física de colunas granulares compactadas de RCC parcialmente reforçadas com geossintéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Albino, Jordan Lopes
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Oliveira, Tales Moreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4053909852078734
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058
Granular Columns has been intensively used as soil improvement for spread footings, embankments and other applications. The filling material of columns is generally crushed stone or sand. However, replacing these natural materials for construction-recycled wastes would provide a sustainable uses for this this material without losing technical benefits provided by natural filling material. In soft soils, geosynthetics have been applied as encasement of granular columns improving lateral confinement and, consequently, the stiffness and bearing capacity. Most of studies in literature involving geosynthetic-encased columns are limited for improvement of soft soils, whereas limited are the applications in cohesive soils with low bearing capacity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical and geotechnical behavior of construction waste granular columns reinforced with geosynthetics used as ground improvement of shallow foundations in a low strength cohesive soil. In order to provide viability of this technique, it was evaluate the mechanical behavior of granular columns partially reinforced with geosynthetics as encasement and as internally layered reinforcements. The study was based on load plate tests of small-scale 1-g physical models constructed in laboratory (10:1). The simulated foundation soil used in this research was a sandy-clay material with relatively low shear strength and stiffness. The column length was 40 cm with pre-compacted diameter of 5.5 cm. The steel plate was 20 cm in diameter and 3 cm thickness. Four load plate tests were performed: (i) on the foundation soil; (ii) on the soil improved with unreinforced granular column; (iii) on layered reinforced geogrid granular column; (iv) on the partially encased column. For the layered reinforced column, geogrids were positioned spaced each 2.5 cm from the top of the column, comprising in four layers of reinforcements. In the case of the partially encased columns, the geotextile covered the length of 11 cm (2D) from the top of the column. The tests were instrumented with load cell, displacement transducers for settlement monitoring, and earth pressure cells positioned at the base and at the top of the column for assessment of load transference during tests. Results demonstrated that the use of granular columns with recycled wastes reduced vertical displacement and improved bearing capacity of soil. The use geogrid layered reinforcement columns led to a significant improvement on the stiffness of foundation soil, although not changing the bearing capacity. On the other hand, the use of the partially encasement columns was found to improve both bearing capacity and stiffness. The study demonstrate the viability of using of recycled construction waste columns as a soil reinforcement providing sustainable and technical benefits mainly when using geosynthetics reinforcements.
Representações do ensino da leitura: as aulas de português na escola secundária brasileira (séculos XIX e XX)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Medeiros, Rejane Rodrigues Almeida de
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4823013748420772
The literary reading seems to have achieved a central role by the activities of teaching Portuguese Language at the end of 19th century and the first decades of 20th century, acting as a starting point for the development the ability of reading aloud or in silence, the learning of grammatical rules, the moral education, the acquisition of knowledge about literature, the education of literary taste, as well as for the elaboration of writing skills. The main purpose of this thesis is to deduce, through the analyses of Portuguese school textbooks and articles from teaching magazines published between 1890 and 1970 the forms of representation of teaching practices in the Portuguese classes of Brazilian secondary school in XIX and XX centuries, until the 1960 decade, the period in which literary reading prevailed in the class room. The corpus researched is constituted by anthologies, Portuguese books and textbooks from the Portuguese teacher, such as Seleta clássica (1914, 3ª ed.), from João Ribeiro; Céu, terra e mar (1920, 4ª ed.), from Antonio Mariano Alberto de Oliveira; Antologia Nacional (1929, 14ª ed.), from Fausto Barreto e Carlos Laet; O idioma nacional na escola secundária (1935) and O idioma nacional (1944), antologias para o ginásio e colégio, from Antenor Nascentes; the didactic series Livro de Português (1935-1955), from Magda Soares; and from teaching magazines, such as Revista Pedagógica (1890-1896), edited by the Union in Rio de Janeiro, and the Revista de Educação (1927-1961) published by the Education Secretary of the State of São Paulo. The theoretical and methodological referential adopted for the analyses of the described corpus is composed by the cultural history of reading in dialogue with the works about the history of Portuguese Language teaching in secondary school, as well as researches on the history of education. Besides presenting certain variation according to the goals by which the literary reading teaching is subject in the school, the representation forms of reading teaching in secondary school in the period analyzed also vary according to the historical and social conditions from which they emerged, what means that it is possible to realize, in the materiality and in the discourses from didact texts some continuities as well as disruptions with the practices of the past.
Síntese e caracterização de membrana de acetato de celulose obtida a partir da polpa acetossolve da madeira de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Alesi, Letícia Sant'Anna
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
Non-biodegradable polymers are produced on a large scale and cause several environmental problems, mostly because of their resistance to decomposition. Cellulose acetate is a non-toxic and a cheap polymer, representing a environmental importance. The objective of this work was the synthesis of cellulose acetate from the wood of Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) with 20 and 60 mesh granulometries from experimental planting, with 38 months of age, for the preparation of membranes.The materials were chemically characterized and the samples obtained at each stage of the processing were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Absorption Spectroscopy to evaluate the chemical and morphological changes of the samples and verify if the processes were successful. The materials were subjected to the pulping of acetose, bleaching and acetylation. The yields found for each process and the degree of polymerization and substitution of the acetates were analyzed. The membranes were also characterized by molecular absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-Vis). It was possible to make the acetates with the wood of both granulometries. The FTIR spectra showed changes in the bands of the samples indicating that the processes were efficient and the SEM images showed the morphological changes that occurred in the steps of the procedures. The cellulose acetate obtained from the 60 mesh material had a higher degree of substitution (2.74 ± 0.12) when compared to the 20 mesh acetate (2.59 ± 0.13), indicating that the grain size of the material influenced the acetylation efficiency. Despite, the DMA analysis showed that the 20 mesh membrane had higher strength than the 60 mesh membrane, the transmittance of the 60 mesh membrane at 550 nm was approximately 80%, showing to be superior than the 20 mesh membrane, especially when the purpose of the membrane requires transparency.
Fabricação e caracterização de heteroestruturas magnetoelétricas do sistema Pb(Zr0,2Ti0,8)O3/CoFe2O4 obtidas por RF-Sputtering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Bonini, Ricardo Pereira
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Zabotto, Fabio Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8828635263888498
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5922368801227094
This dissertation aims to develop new nanostructured magnetoelectric composites systems based on magnetoelectric effect. The magnetoelectric coupling in nanostructured systems has attracted interests mainly due to possibility of integration between ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism through the handling of electric and magnetic order by cross coupling between electric and magnetic fields. Through an experimental approach (synthesis, processing and characterization) the fabrication process was investigated by the RF-Sputtering technique and the characterization of heterostructured multiferroic composite materials of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/CoFe2O4 were performed. The ferroic and multiferroic properties were investigated for both the separately constituted phases and the heterostructured systems. In this work, the interface between phases has a significant role for the existence of coupling between the different phases, which variations of the ferroelectric and dielectric properties in the heterostructured system were correlated to strain and/or stress at the interface between the phases. In this case, a tensional stress arose in the CFO phase due to the presence of the PZT phase, resulting in an improvement of magnetic properties in case of perpendicular fields to the film surface applied. It was also possible to determine the existence of magnetoelectric coupling, since an improvement in the ferroelectric properties was observed under the presence of a magnetic field of ~5 kOe. Finally, it was reported the magnetodielectric coupling is enhanced in the dielectric dispersion region due to competition between the compressive stress in the PZT phase generated by CFO phase and the changes of electric polarization due to the ME coupling.
Ações afirmativas: políticas de permanência para estudantes cotistas na Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14)
Cavichiolo, Katia Silene
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Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
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Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
Affirmative actions have been implemented in public educational institutions as a way of trying to "compensate" a history of social inequalities in the access to Brazilian higher education. Among other public policies, vacancies in federal higher education institutions, implemented by Law 12.711 / 12, have expanded and diversified access to federal universities for the popular, black, brown and indigenous classes. However, student permanence at the university began to play a fundamental role for these actions to become effective. It is understood that affirmative action in higher education institutions involves the access and continuity of students from historically excluded groups. Two concepts are used as a key points: redistribution, which consists of the social policy of equality in terms of the distribution of political and economic resources represented not only by vaccancies to access the university, but also by the economical support of the quota students for their stay in the university; and recognition, understood as cultural politics of difference, that is, that institutionalized patterns allow parity among individuals, without one group being subordinate to the other. In this context, this masters dissertation objective to understand how and if affirmative actions, especially policies addressed to the student stay, have contributed to the inclusion of students historically excluded from educational degree, from a local reality. To explore this phenomenon, we chose a case study at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos campus, Brazil. It was based on the triangulation of data searched by a literature review, analysis of 8 documents in the period 2014-2018 and thematic conversations, composed of a group activity and 7 interviews, among which 5 individual and 2 in double, all the participants entering in the university through the modalities of quotas, with registrations active in the face-to-face undergraduate courses. The results indicate the existence of institutional support in three dimensions: material, symbolic and pedagogical, which, according to the participants, are not enough for the inclusion of the poorest students in the University. From the perspective of the redistribution-recognition dilemma, it was found that the university invests in "affirmative remedies" that need retroalimentacion constantly, unlike the "transformative remedies" enable to emancipate groups. It is considered, therefore, that, despite the positive results in progress, some transformative initiatives could be adopted in order to broaden the scope of inclusion promoted by affirmative action at the university studied.
Análise das relações entre propriedades físicas e mecânicas em diferentes regiões de extração da madeira de Cambará (Erisma Uncinatum Warm)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Aquino, Vinicius Borges de Moura
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Christoforo, André Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5303314880493623
This research had the purpose of evaluating the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of Cambará wood extracted from three distinct sites: Vera, Mucajaí and south of Rondônia. The possibility of estimating (linear regression, exponential, geometric and logarithmic models) the physical and mechanical properties as a function of apparent density will also be evaluated. This research was motivated by the fact that there is no consideration in the normative code the influence of the extraction regions on the physical and mechanical properties of timber, since different climatic conditions, vegetation and soil in which the tree can influence their growth and, consequently, the values of its physical and mechanical properties. The ABNT NBR 7190, the Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and the resampling technique were considered in the accomplishment of the procedures. The results of ANOVA indicated an equivalence index equal to 100% for the properties of the Vera region, 94% for the regions of Mucajaí and South of Rondônia. The resampling technique led to similar results for the Vera and Mucajaí regions and for the southern region of Rondônia, the equivalence index was equal to 89%. The results of the ANOVA to estimate the physical and mechanical properties in function of the apparent density indicated that it was not possible to make such estimates for Cambará wood.
Educação ambiental no facebook: a propagabilidade dos memes sobre conservação da biodiversidade na página zoololgico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Emídio, Leticia Stefania
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Silva, Rosana Louro Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2635824351245453
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4188879880000074
The participatory culture and the collaborative content creation in social networks have turned memes into elements of communicative expression that are widespread today. This popular phenomenon that transits between the online and offline world has raised interest in testing the potential for science divulgation of this tool in consonance with the principles of Critical Environmental Education, which aimed the democratization in constructing and accessing to knowledge in the area of biodiversity conservation and the work of zoological institutions of the world. In this research, we tested the use of memes as a communication strategy for spreading socio-environmental content in Facebook, in a humorous but also dialogic and critical approach. Creating a Facebook page called ZOOLOLGICO, we sought to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the public's acceptance of the proposal, using the insights of the page and an online questionnaire. The form was answered by 45 people (about 5% of the followers) at the end of 4 months of collection, to understand the nature of the relationships and interactions that have been formed between the followers of the page and the published content. The results show us that the the public accepted well the proposal, reaching almost 900 followers in just 123 days, and with publications reaching more than 50 thousand views. The public that answered the questionnaire was equilibratedly divided between the general public and people directly involved in the work of zoos, but the overwhelming majority were graduates or postgraduates (91.1%) in the area of Biological Sciences and Health (66.7%). The feedback received by the questionnaire was also very positive, with the overall content being classified as excellent (57.8%) or very good (35.6%), with a high consumption content of the content posted, and with several requests for the page to continue to function after data collection. The questionnaire also allowed us to raise some reasons that discourage the visit to zoos, specific notes about some of the posts and about four indicatives of conceptions’ changes about the importance of zoos’ conservation work and maintenance of the animals’ welfare in captivity.
Efeitos do cobre na microalga Kirchneriella obesa em cultura unialgal e em co-cultivo com Chlorella sorokiniana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Dextro, Rafael Barty
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2669476480349280
There is enough evidence that copper plays a crucial role in regulating phytoplankton metabolism. However, despite its requirement in trace amounts, there is a literature gap on the physiology of microalgae exposed to environmentally relevant copper concentrations; most literature report results using ~10 to 100 times higher copper than what can be detected in most natural ecosystems. This study aimed at investigating some physiological responses of Kirchneriella obesa exposed to copper, including environmental relevant concentrations in an ample range (3x10-9 to 4x10-5 mol L-1 free Cu2+ ions)(chapter 1) and the effects of three different copper concentrations on the co-cultivation of K. obesa and Chlorella sorokiniana (chapter 2). K. obesa’s EC50 was 1,25x10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+. Physiological analyses were performed at 72 h (exponentially growing cells) for both experiments and cultures were kept under controlled conditions. They were monitored daily for cell density, chlorophyll a and maximum photosynthetic quantum yield; biovolume and effective photosynthetic quantum yield, fluorescence quenchings (photochemical and non-photochemical) and rapid light saturation curves were also determined. In addition to these parmeters, for chapter 1, the intracellular and mucilaginous capsule copper content and total carbohydrates and proteins were determined; whereas at the end of the co-cultivation, all previously listed photosynthetic parameters were measured for each species. Intracellular and mucilaginous copper showed that the physiological mechanisms that regulate copper uptake were disrupted at 2x10-7 mol L-1 free Cu2+ ions, when intracellular copper increased linearly with copper increase in the mucilage capsule. The results showed an increase in biovolume with the increment of copper on both unialgal and co-cultures. Effective quantum yield was kept constant up to 10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+ ions but decreased thereafter. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) behaved the opposite way as the effective quantum yield, confirming copper induced stress in cells exposed to concentrations higher than 4x10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+ ions. Proteins and carbohydrates presented similar behaviour, increasing noticeably above 10-7 mol L-1, with higher intensity for carbohydrates. C. sorokiniana and K. obesa presented higher growth rates in the co-cultivation than in unialgal cultures when exposed to 2x10-7 mol L-1 Cu2+. This research demonstrated that environmental copper concentrations detected nowadays might affect the physiology of K. obesa and that an effect on copper toxicity may occur during the joint growth of K. obesa with C. sorokiniana. Our results are a contribution towards the understanding of the equilibrium of natural aquatic ecosystems.
Intervenção para crianças, adolescentes e suas cuidadoras expostas à VPI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Otaguiri, Alliny Tiemi Moia
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D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6187635324223493
Intimate partner violence (IPV) consists in a public health matter, which affects not only its direct victims, but also thousands of children who live in homes where the phenomenon occurs. It is known that the exposure of children and adolescents to IVP may lead to short-, medium-, and long-term impacts throughout their development. Thus, intervention programs aimed at this population are necessary, both from the attenuation of IPV exposure consequences, as well as from the prevention of the perpetuation of the cycle of violence point of view. Also, it should be noted that both the quality of the relationship between the mother or caretaker and the child, as well as the mental health situation of the mother/caregiver carry deep influence along the development of children. Considering such context, the present dissertation was developed, and composed of three scientific articles related to the theme. The first article consisted of a literature review which aimed to identify interventions conducted with parallel groups of mothers and their children who have been exposed to IPV. The analyses of the 13 selected articles has allowed us to conclude that intervention programs which treat both mothers and children lead to positive results for both parts. Also, improvements on mothers’ symptoms were related to improvements on their children’s. In this way, intervention programs that aim at the prevention and treatment of the effects of IPV exposure, both for mothers/caregivers and for their children, present as important resources. The second article describes the process of adapting the Community Treatment Program of Witness Groups of Women Abuse (CGTP), a Canadian intervention program for children, adolescents and their mothers/caregivers exposed to IPV, to the Brazilian reality. Our research began once the authorization to conduct the adaptation process was granted by the owners of the original program. The translated version of the program was submitted to the evaluation of expert judges, who provided their assessments of the content and relevance of the activities to the Brazilian reality, in terms of cultural, semantic and conceptual adequacy. The judges found the structure, approach and activities of the program to be relevant to the Brazilian context. The modification of some games and activities included in the sessions was suggested, as well as the refinement of some language aspects, such as the use of a more informal language on the materials intended for participants. Finally, on the third study, professionals with experience on working with the targeted population (children, adolescents and their mothers/caregivers exposed to IPV) were interviewed. This study was developed in addition to the cross-cultural adaptation procedure, and the participants were consulted about what they considered relevant for the development of an intervention such as the CGTP. The professionals pointed out characteristics such as: conducting sessions in groups divided by age, with occasional meetings between families and children and ludic activities. They recommended the approach of themes such as self-protection, assertive communication skills, feelings of guilt and shame, prevention of violence, rules, limits, notions of bodily autonomy and consent, emotional education, self-esteem, among others. By the end of the adaptation process, it was possible to conclude that the adapted intervention program (“Vida livre de violência para mães e filhos”) was adequate to Brazilian reality.
Contribuições ao estudo da secagem da borra de café em leito vibrofuidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Rocha, Thalyne de Almeida Ferreira
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2674259781470431
Brazil is the largest producer of coffee in the world, half of this production is destined to the soluble coffee industry, that generates a amount of waste. The spent coffee grounds leave the fabrication processo f the soluble coffee with 70% (w.b.) moisture content, the reduction of moisture present is essential to reduce storage and transport costs, as well as increase the heating value for direct burning. This work presents characterized the dry and wet spent coffee grounds, through particle size analysis, aparent and bulk density, Hausner index and bed porosity. The analysis of the fluid dynamics of coffee grounds as a function of moisture contente was done, with the purpose of delineating the behavior of the fluidized bed material, identifying the change in fluidization behavior between 40 and 60% moisture contente (w.b.). It analyzed the dry bed elutriation by classifying the particles depending on the speed of the air. Subsequently a mechanical dewatering study was carried out, obtaining a moisture reduction of 0.70 to 0.45 (w.b.) of the spent coffee grounds, obtaining that the pressure applied and the pressing time exerts a statistically significant influence in this step. Finally, the study of thermal drying with experimental design 2² and replica at the central point in a vibrated fluid bed dryer using three different vibrational configurations (vibrofluidized with Γ=4 formed by A=0.015m and f=8.14Hz; vibrofluidized , Γ=4 for A=0.003m and f=18.20Hz and fluidized bed, Γ=0) using the air velocity between 4 and 6 Umf and temperature between 50 and 70ºC. Through the individual planning of each configuration one can verify statistically the main responses of the system: feed rate, elutriate production, moisture content and particle diameter. For the low air velocities, high feed rates and increased elutriate production were obtained, favored mainly by the vibration amplitude of 0.003mm. In all tests, moisture was obtained below 30%, where the industrial boiler has already been burned efficiently. When evaluating the diameter of the powder for flow and burning, the best conditions were found at high speeds and temperatures and greater amplitude of vibration.
A organização como um campo: o caso de uma fundação de apoio de uma instituição federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Lima, Luiz Otavio Gonçalves de
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Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4989335651462645
The emergence of the "third sector" in Brazil can be explained by the analysis of attempts to implement the economic development projects that occurred during the 20th century in the world, and especially in the Brazilian State. Among the organizations that integrate it are the foundations of support that currently constitute a reality of the operationalization of teaching, research and extension of the Federal Institutions of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education. However, the performance of these entities has received numerous criticisms, either by society or by the control bodies. Considering these questions at the national level and aware that the organizational study is permeated by theoretical approaches that fail to reveal the true dynamics of organizations, this research proposed the use of an alternative metaphor to the orthodox conceptualizations available for the understanding of institutions, suggesting that organization can be understood as a strategic field of action. Thus the present investigation had as objective to analyze the historical construction of the cultural- political dynamics of FADEMA, foundation of support of IFSULDEMINAS. In order to do so, a qualitative and longitudinal and retrospective research was performed, since the study does not refer to a certain moment, on the contrary, the research sought to explore facts that have occurred in the trajectory of FADEMA since its genesis until the year 2018. The research method used was the case study. As for data collection, this involved the bibliographical, documentary and semistructured interviews, which were analyzed and interpreted by the content analysis technique. In this way, it was observed that the metaphor used for this investigation allowed the understanding of the social construction of the FADEMA environment, as well as of its power relations, both determined by the internal and external dynamics of the field.
Transporte eletrônico em nanofios de SnO2 dopado com Sb: transição metal-isolante induzida pela dopagem e fotocondutividade persistente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Costa, Ivani Meneses
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0666347734352570
In this work we studied the structural, optical and electronic transport properties of intrinsic and doped SnO2 nanowires with different concentrations of antimony (Sb) grown by the Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism (VLS). Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement, indicated the formation of single phase samples corresponding to the tetragonal Rutile structure of SnO2 belonging to the P42/mnm spatial group. Raman spectroscopy data also indicated the formation of rutile phase corroborating the XRD measurements. The appearance of inactive vibrational modes (242 and 284 cm-1) only for the doped samples was attributed to the effects of disorder. XPS analyzes confirmed the presence of Sb in doped samples. The presence of Sb was evidenced by the superposition of the O1s and Sb3d regions and only one oxidation state (Sb5+) was detected. Absorbance spectra indicated that the doped samples exhibited an energy gap (3,40 - 3,66 eV) greater than that for pure samples (3,3 eV). This result is consistent with the Burstein-Moss model which describes the shift of the absorption limit due to the increase of the density of charged carriers. From photoluminescence spectra it was observed that the SnO2 samples presented three emission peaks related to oxygen vacancies, V0+ (red), (V0+)iso (yellow/orange) and V0++ (green). The green emitter center was actived only below T = 100 K. ATO samples showed only two emission peaks: the red emitting center (V0+) also present in pure samples and a doping-related blue-violet emitter center located at 2,58 - 2,84 eV. Temperature dependent resistivity data showed that the SnO2 samples presented a typical behavior of a semiconductor material, while ATO samples presented a transition from an insulating state (dR/dT < 0) to a metallic one (dR/dT > 0) around 90 - 170 K depending on the doping level. The semiconductor phase was characterized by two electron conduction mechanisms: thermal activation and variable range hopping (VRH). The metal phase was characterized by electron-electron and electron-phonon scatterings. The electron-phonon process was predominant at high temperatures leading to the calculation of the Debye temperature of the samples (ΘD = 602 - 657 K). All doped samples were characterized by doping levels above the Mott limit (ncMott = 6,7 x 10^23 m-3) thus satisfying the Mott criterion for observation of the metal-insulator transition based on the electron-electron interaction. In addition, it was observed that both the nanowire device and the SnO2 nanowire network device exhibit persistent photoconductivity (PPC) which is directly related to the presence of oxygen vacancies. For the nanowire network, the PPC effect was only observed under vacuum conditions, since under room environment conditions the nanowire-nanowire junctions strongly affect the electric current through the device. However, only for the single nanowire device we observed PPC also under high temperatures. The energy level attributed to the emitting center V0++ can be seen as responsible for the anomalous behavior in the low temperature resistivity curves (T < 100 K).
Ensino de notas musicais ao piano para um menino com Autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Langendonck, Melanie Fairlie Pearson Van
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Elias, Nassim Chamel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6743223726658670
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may present deficits in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. Research has been carried out in the area of music, however the majority of studies for this population contemplate the use of music as a therapeutic and not an educational activity. Were found studies that evaluated the teaching of rudimentary reading of musical notes through stimulus equivalence and mostly with individuals with typical development. This study had as a general objective to verify the effects of conditional discriminations between figures (each composed of a background color and a specific musical symbol) and keys in the recognition of musical notes to the piano in a boy with 4 years and 10 months of age diagnosed with ASD. As specific objectives, verify if the control of the answer would be given by the color or symbol of the musical figures, examine the formation of classes of equivalent stimuli and test the recombination of the notes learned in new musical sequences. The method had an experimental design with multiple baseline between sets of musical notes. The teaching, which had procedures of the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), was divided in three phases, in which seven musical notes written in the treble clef, from central C to central B, were taught in configurations that ranged from one to 38 combined and recombined symbols (units). A pre and post-test were applied at all phases. The connection between symbol and color cards and the corresponding keys (AB) and between cards with symbol and color and the name of the corresponding note (AD) were taught. The procedure of teaching discrimination of musical notes promoted the acquisition of repertoire referring to musical reading, as measured by the response of playing the corresponding key. The results suggest efficacy in teaching with an achievement of over 70% in the teaching and testing phases. Emerging relations between teaching classes could also be noticed. It is intended with this research, expand previous studies found In music and equivalence with adults for a child with ASD.
A influência da hipóxia severa na sensibilidade barorreflexa de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Troiano, Natalia Miriã
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Florindo, Luiz Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797832406818407
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4601493375036247
The importance of the circulatory system in homeostasis of different animals is unquestionable. Given that one of the basic factors that determine blood flow is blood pressure, the short- and long-term regulation of this variable is essential for the various functions of the circulation to be performed adequately. The baroreceptor reflex is one of the most known mechanisms of rapid control of blood pressure, causing any change in this variable to result in an inversely proportional change in heart rate and in systemic vascular resistance, aiming at pressure normalization. However, another factor that can cause reflex changes in heart rate is the oxygen environmental concentration, with hypoxia being relatively common in several aquatic environments. The basic response to hypoxia in teleosts is the reduction of heart rate by chemoreflex; being attributed to this bradycardia possible physiological roles, such as improving oxygen uptake and protection of the myocardium. Thus, with the knowledge that both baro and chemoreflex are physiologically important for the animal and, in certain situations, may trigger antagonistic responses in heart rate, the present study aimed to investigate whether the condition of severe hypoxia has an influence on baroreflex sensitivity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Therefore, administrations of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside were carried out in animals in the condition of normoxia and severe hypoxia; being heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the ventral aorta continuously recorded. Then, the baroreflex function of all animals was investigated by analysis of the sigmoid curve of the barostatic reflex and the baroreflex gain was calculated by equations proposed in literature. The present study was the first to analyze the barostatic reflex by means of the sigmoidal curve in fish and revealed that severe hypoxia increases the baroreflex sensitivity of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which occurs due to an increase in the animal's regulatory capacity against hypotension.
Tração mobilizada de reforços geossintéticos sob condições operacionais e efeito de umedecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Santos, Matheus Cardoso dos
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812526828544037
The use of low permeability fine local soils instead of granular materials has been common in several countries due to the significant reduction of the costs associated with the transport of granular materials extracted from deposits. In fact, the use of fine soils may result in adequate behavior of reinforced soil structures under unsaturated conditions. However, in rainy periods, the strength and stifness of the structure can be affected and cause excessive deformation or even rupture. Although there are some observations on the effect of wetting on fine and geosynthetic soil behavior, few studies have quantified the effects of infiltration on mobilized tensile load and deformation. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the effect of infiltration on the mobilized tensile load and deformations in layers reinforced with geosynthetics. For this purpose, an equipment called Load-transfer Soil to Geosynthetic System (LSGS) was developed, designed to simulate the actual mechanisms of action of a reinforced layer. The equipment simulates the mechanical response of the geosynthetic reinforcement under operational conditions in a reinforced layer with direct measurement of tensile-strain behavior under simultaneous conditions of overload and wetting. For the monitoring of the wetting front, the tests were instrumented with moisture sensors and tensiometers. In the tests, two different types of soil (well-graded sand and plastic sandy clay) and three geosynthetics (geogrid, woven geotextile and non-woven geotextile) were used. The results showed that the equipment simulated satisfactorily a layer reinforced with geosynthetics and allows to measure the tensile load behavior under operational conditions of reinforced soil walls with geosynthetics. The confinement increased the stiffness of the nonwoven geotextile three times but did not provide changes in the geogrid and the woven geotextile in both soils. The infiltration caused an increase in the deformations and the mobilized tensile load of the geogrid and woven geotextile and affected the resistance at the non-woven clay-geotextile soil interface significantly, so that the deformations resulting from the infiltration process were exponential.
Análise do modelo input-output-outcome do processo de inovação de produto e processo na indústria brasileira de transformação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Ishizaka, Artur Yuiti
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
This dissertation sought to analyze the relationship between the inputs and outputs of the product and process innovation process, and its impacts on the performance of firms, through the application of a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), using data from the Innovation Survey 2014 (PINTEC). The main variables of inputs, outputs and outcomes of innovation were identified in the literature through a systematic literature review, and a research model was proposed. Constructs of internal (internal-to-company resources) and external inputs (acquisitions), product and process outputs, and outcomes related to products, market share, and business processes were used. The application of PLS-SEM allowed the evaluation of the composition of each construct, relationships between them and impacts of control variables of firm size and technological intensity of the companies in the proposed model. All relationships between constructs were confirmed as positive, except for the relationships between external inputs and product outputs and between product outputs and outcomes related to productive processes, which presented negative relationships. Also, a distancing between the processes of product and process innovation was noticed, evidencing the lack of integration between them. The impact of the size and technological intensity of the companies were significant for some of the model relationships. The control variable of firm size evidenced mainly the greater capacity of larger companies in dealing with the parallel development of innovations of product and process. As for the technological intensity variable, it showed that companies of low technological intensity tend to benefit more from product and process innovations in terms of product and market share outcomes.
Avaliação de bacias de detenção de águas pluviais implantadas no município de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-15)
Rodríguez, Carlos Andrés Martínez
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2894639931561257
In Brazil, the last decades registered an accelerated growth of urbanization, increasing the waterproofing of the soil and the direct flow, generating floods in the urban areas. As a measure to mitigate the resulting impacts, since the 90’s decade, the concept of compensatory techniques has been adopted, among them, the Detention Basins (DB), which are centralized techniques that are characterized by being dimensioned for large return periods, with the objective of detain rainwater over a period of time, reducing the flood peak. Due to the obligatoriness by the municipal legislation, DB are being implanted in new urban developments in the municipality of São Carlos, to guarantee the conservation of the pre-urbanization flow. According to this panorama, the present research has as objective the evaluation of these units under physical aspects, of project and urban integration. Were identified and characterized 23 Detention Basins and 3 Detention Basins Systems by satellite images and on-site visits, and were evaluated through variables consulted in the bibliographic review and adapted to the municipal reality. Also, aspects as sizing, construction, maintenance, costs and integration of some of the DB were analyzed through consultation of the memorials in the drainage projects and interviews with the agents involved with the issue. These resources permitted to identify that the location of the DB was directed to the perimeter zones of the municipality. Most of them being close to residences, but without being integrated in the same space of coexistence with the community, being isolated through gates and wiring. All DB have the sole function of hydrological control. The exception were three Basins that did not have a bottom hole for water outlet. The others DB presented shallow water sheet formation by the precipitation event and emptying it within 24 hours after rainfall. Regarding the state of conservation, it was observed as a common factor the presence of excessive vegetation and solid residues due to the lack of frequent maintenance activities. About sizing, was verified the use of the rational method to calculate the maximum flows. However, differences were identified in the calculation of hydrological parameters and the volume of detention in Basin’s drainage project, compared to the equations established by the Municipal Direction for Drainage Projects. Most DB had energy dissipators in their inlet structures preventing erosion, as well as elements for sediment retention. The activities necessary for the construction and operation of the DB do not represent a high complexity, being these mainly the soil movement and to prune along with the solid waste removal respectively. Two DB implantation cost ranges were identified, one of them at around R$25/ m³ and the other of R$50/m³; the calculated cost for the maintenance of the DB was R$342/ha.year. The DB implanted comply with the hydrological control function, but for a better integration of the technique in the urban environment it is necessary an improvement in the maintenance activities as well as the consideration of the multifunction of them in the conception of the urban project.