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Análise do Conselho de Administração da BRF S.A. como um campo de ação estratégica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Oliveira, Victor Tadeu de; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9466966827317200
In the context of Global Financialization, companies are now guiding their actions in order to deliver the largest possible dividends to their shareholders. In this sense, there are problems of agency, which are solved with Corporate Governance. One of its main elements is the Board of Directors, which represents the shareholders in monitoring the actions of management. In this study, we analyzed the Board of Directors of BRF S.A. as a Strategic Action Field during the rise until the fall of the businessman Abílio Diniz in his command, and the changes occurred from external shocks, besides the behavior of the incumbent and challenging groups, and using concepts of shareholder activism.
Uso de lodo gerado em estação de tratamento de água na fabricação de bloco cerâmico ecológico para uso em construções rurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Alvarenga, José Mauro Corrêa; Stolf, Rubismar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8257019127856898
Sludge generated at the Water Treatment Plant (ETA), which is the residue mainly formed in the decanter or the filter, is a material composed of solid, organic and inorganic substances, which is most often disposed of incorrectly in water bodies further polluting the environment. There are some options for the use of sludge from ETA, such as disposal in landfills and the incorporation in ceramic blocks that can be used in agricultural constructions. This last one is in expansion, many agricultural constructions like stables, small places of storage of inputs can be constructed with the call ecological ceramic blocks, in which the incorporation of different types of residues, in this case mud. In view of this scenario the objective of this work is to propose a feasibility study on the use of sludge being added in a ceramic block, thus verifying its viability in agricultural construction. The analyzes were done in the laboratory of a ceramics industry, initially it was carried out test in test bodies, where it was evaluated the plasticity, granulometry and Bigot's Curve, besides the primary analyzes of Moisture, Loss to Fire, Total Loss, Retraction of Drying, Burn Retention, Total Retention and Water Absorption of treatments with 100%, 70%, 50% and 20% of sludge, in addition to the standard mass. With the results in test specimens, a ceramic block with 20% and 5% of sludge was made, where a visual inspection, geometric characteristics, water absorption index and resistance to compression were made, all methodologies following NBR 15270: 2017. The tests in the test specimen showed that 100% of sludge could not be used, and the result that is closest to the standard established by ABNT for ceramic ceramic blocks was the treatment with 20% sludge, where even moisture close to double the standard mass the retraction and burning were very close to the standard mass. The ceramic blocks made with mud had results very close to the standard block, especially when it comes to water absorption and compressive strength, these being the most important factors when it comes to ceramic blocks of the type seal. With this study it can be concluded that it is possible to use sludge in the manufacture of ceramic blocks in the proportion of 20% and 5%.
Representações do ensino da leitura: as aulas de português na escola secundária brasileira (séculos XIX e XX)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Medeiros, Rejane Rodrigues Almeida de; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4823013748420772
The literary reading seems to have achieved a central role by the activities of teaching Portuguese Language at the end of 19th century and the first decades of 20th century, acting as a starting point for the development the ability of reading aloud or in silence, the learning of grammatical rules, the moral education, the acquisition of knowledge about literature, the education of literary taste, as well as for the elaboration of writing skills. The main purpose of this thesis is to deduce, through the analyses of Portuguese school textbooks and articles from teaching magazines published between 1890 and 1970 the forms of representation of teaching practices in the Portuguese classes of Brazilian secondary school in XIX and XX centuries, until the 1960 decade, the period in which literary reading prevailed in the class room. The corpus researched is constituted by anthologies, Portuguese books and textbooks from the Portuguese teacher, such as Seleta clássica (1914, 3ª ed.), from João Ribeiro; Céu, terra e mar (1920, 4ª ed.), from Antonio Mariano Alberto de Oliveira; Antologia Nacional (1929, 14ª ed.), from Fausto Barreto e Carlos Laet; O idioma nacional na escola secundária (1935) and O idioma nacional (1944), antologias para o ginásio e colégio, from Antenor Nascentes; the didactic series Livro de Português (1935-1955), from Magda Soares; and from teaching magazines, such as Revista Pedagógica (1890-1896), edited by the Union in Rio de Janeiro, and the Revista de Educação (1927-1961) published by the Education Secretary of the State of São Paulo. The theoretical and methodological referential adopted for the analyses of the described corpus is composed by the cultural history of reading in dialogue with the works about the history of Portuguese Language teaching in secondary school, as well as researches on the history of education. Besides presenting certain variation according to the goals by which the literary reading teaching is subject in the school, the representation forms of reading teaching in secondary school in the period analyzed also vary according to the historical and social conditions from which they emerged, what means that it is possible to realize, in the materiality and in the discourses from didact texts some continuities as well as disruptions with the practices of the past.
Modelagem física de colunas granulares compactadas de RCC parcialmente reforçadas com geossintéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Albino, Jordan Lopes; Oliveira, Tales Moreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4053909852078734; Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6923400534104702
Granular Columns has been intensively used as soil improvement for spread footings, embankments and other applications. The filling material of columns is generally crushed stone or sand. However, replacing these natural materials for construction-recycled wastes would provide a sustainable uses for this this material without losing technical benefits provided by natural filling material. In soft soils, geosynthetics have been applied as encasement of granular columns improving lateral confinement and, consequently, the stiffness and bearing capacity. Most of studies in literature involving geosynthetic-encased columns are limited for improvement of soft soils, whereas limited are the applications in cohesive soils with low bearing capacity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical and geotechnical behavior of construction waste granular columns reinforced with geosynthetics used as ground improvement of shallow foundations in a low strength cohesive soil. In order to provide viability of this technique, it was evaluate the mechanical behavior of granular columns partially reinforced with geosynthetics as encasement and as internally layered reinforcements. The study was based on load plate tests of small-scale 1-g physical models constructed in laboratory (10:1). The simulated foundation soil used in this research was a sandy-clay material with relatively low shear strength and stiffness. The column length was 40 cm with pre-compacted diameter of 5.5 cm. The steel plate was 20 cm in diameter and 3 cm thickness. Four load plate tests were performed: (i) on the foundation soil; (ii) on the soil improved with unreinforced granular column; (iii) on layered reinforced geogrid granular column; (iv) on the partially encased column. For the layered reinforced column, geogrids were positioned spaced each 2.5 cm from the top of the column, comprising in four layers of reinforcements. In the case of the partially encased columns, the geotextile covered the length of 11 cm (2D) from the top of the column. The tests were instrumented with load cell, displacement transducers for settlement monitoring, and earth pressure cells positioned at the base and at the top of the column for assessment of load transference during tests. Results demonstrated that the use of granular columns with recycled wastes reduced vertical displacement and improved bearing capacity of soil. The use geogrid layered reinforcement columns led to a significant improvement on the stiffness of foundation soil, although not changing the bearing capacity. On the other hand, the use of the partially encasement columns was found to improve both bearing capacity and stiffness. The study demonstrate the viability of using of recycled construction waste columns as a soil reinforcement providing sustainable and technical benefits mainly when using geosynthetics reinforcements.
Síntese e caracterização de membrana de acetato de celulose obtida a partir da polpa acetossolve da madeira de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Alesi, Letícia Sant'Anna; Botaro, Vagner Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066; Pádua, Franciane Andrade de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3653009465332432
Non-biodegradable polymers are produced on a large scale and cause several environmental problems, mostly because of their resistance to decomposition. Cellulose acetate is a non-toxic and a cheap polymer, representing a environmental importance. The objective of this work was the synthesis of cellulose acetate from the wood of Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) with 20 and 60 mesh granulometries from experimental planting, with 38 months of age, for the preparation of membranes.The materials were chemically characterized and the samples obtained at each stage of the processing were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Absorption Spectroscopy to evaluate the chemical and morphological changes of the samples and verify if the processes were successful. The materials were subjected to the pulping of acetose, bleaching and acetylation. The yields found for each process and the degree of polymerization and substitution of the acetates were analyzed. The membranes were also characterized by molecular absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-Vis). It was possible to make the acetates with the wood of both granulometries. The FTIR spectra showed changes in the bands of the samples indicating that the processes were efficient and the SEM images showed the morphological changes that occurred in the steps of the procedures. The cellulose acetate obtained from the 60 mesh material had a higher degree of substitution (2.74 ± 0.12) when compared to the 20 mesh acetate (2.59 ± 0.13), indicating that the grain size of the material influenced the acetylation efficiency. Despite, the DMA analysis showed that the 20 mesh membrane had higher strength than the 60 mesh membrane, the transmittance of the 60 mesh membrane at 550 nm was approximately 80%, showing to be superior than the 20 mesh membrane, especially when the purpose of the membrane requires transparency.
Ações afirmativas: políticas de permanência para estudantes cotistas na Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Cavichiolo, Katia Silene; Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395; Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1005894862836530
Affirmative actions have been implemented in public educational institutions as a way of trying to "compensate" a history of social inequalities in the access to Brazilian higher education. Among other public policies, vacancies in federal higher education institutions, implemented by Law 12.711 / 12, have expanded and diversified access to federal universities for the popular, black, brown and indigenous classes. However, student permanence at the university began to play a fundamental role for these actions to become effective. It is understood that affirmative action in higher education institutions involves the access and continuity of students from historically excluded groups. Two concepts are used as a key points: redistribution, which consists of the social policy of equality in terms of the distribution of political and economic resources represented not only by vaccancies to access the university, but also by the economical support of the quota students for their stay in the university; and recognition, understood as cultural politics of difference, that is, that institutionalized patterns allow parity among individuals, without one group being subordinate to the other. In this context, this masters dissertation objective to understand how and if affirmative actions, especially policies addressed to the student stay, have contributed to the inclusion of students historically excluded from educational degree, from a local reality. To explore this phenomenon, we chose a case study at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos campus, Brazil. It was based on the triangulation of data searched by a literature review, analysis of 8 documents in the period 2014-2018 and thematic conversations, composed of a group activity and 7 interviews, among which 5 individual and 2 in double, all the participants entering in the university through the modalities of quotas, with registrations active in the face-to-face undergraduate courses. The results indicate the existence of institutional support in three dimensions: material, symbolic and pedagogical, which, according to the participants, are not enough for the inclusion of the poorest students in the University. From the perspective of the redistribution-recognition dilemma, it was found that the university invests in "affirmative remedies" that need retroalimentacion constantly, unlike the "transformative remedies" enable to emancipate groups. It is considered, therefore, that, despite the positive results in progress, some transformative initiatives could be adopted in order to broaden the scope of inclusion promoted by affirmative action at the university studied.
Fabricação e caracterização de heteroestruturas magnetoelétricas do sistema Pb(Zr0,2Ti0,8)O3/CoFe2O4 obtidas por RF-Sputtering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Bonini, Ricardo Pereira; Zabotto, Fabio Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8828635263888498; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5922368801227094
This dissertation aims to develop new nanostructured magnetoelectric composites systems based on magnetoelectric effect. The magnetoelectric coupling in nanostructured systems has attracted interests mainly due to possibility of integration between ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism through the handling of electric and magnetic order by cross coupling between electric and magnetic fields. Through an experimental approach (synthesis, processing and characterization) the fabrication process was investigated by the RF-Sputtering technique and the characterization of heterostructured multiferroic composite materials of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/CoFe2O4 were performed. The ferroic and multiferroic properties were investigated for both the separately constituted phases and the heterostructured systems. In this work, the interface between phases has a significant role for the existence of coupling between the different phases, which variations of the ferroelectric and dielectric properties in the heterostructured system were correlated to strain and/or stress at the interface between the phases. In this case, a tensional stress arose in the CFO phase due to the presence of the PZT phase, resulting in an improvement of magnetic properties in case of perpendicular fields to the film surface applied. It was also possible to determine the existence of magnetoelectric coupling, since an improvement in the ferroelectric properties was observed under the presence of a magnetic field of ~5 kOe. Finally, it was reported the magnetodielectric coupling is enhanced in the dielectric dispersion region due to competition between the compressive stress in the PZT phase generated by CFO phase and the changes of electric polarization due to the ME coupling.
Oxidação de metano a metanol sobre zeólitas Cu.MOR: efeito do método de preparação na atividade catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-14) Picinini, Monize; Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7026596027202260
The direct oxidation of methane to higher value-added products, such as methanol, has gained notable interest in recent times. The challenge is that this process occurs with high efficiency and lower energy consumption, thus becoming economically interesting. Due to the difficulty in breaking the C-H bonds of methane, it was required to employ catalysts active and selective to methanol. Thus, the researches have been directed to the use of zeolites exchanged with oxo-cations species (M-O-M)2+, responsible for the oxidation of methane, recreating a mechanism of reactivity similar to that found in the enzyme methane monooxygenase. In this context, this work had as objective to oxidize methane to methanol on Cu.mordenite zeolites with different Si/Al ratios, which were prepared by ion exchange or impregnation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The oxidation of methane was carried out in three steps: activation of Cu.mordenite zeolites under air flow, reaction with methane and extraction of the generated methanol adsorbed on the zeolite. The influence on the catalytic activity of the preparation method, content, and type of copper species and Si/Al ratio were analyzed. All the zeolites studied were able to convert methane to methanol, however, those prepared by ion exchange showed higher production than those prepared by impregnation. The maximum production obtained, with a value of 15.61 μmol of methanol.gcat-1 is in the order of results found in the literature. Based on the methanol production and characterization data, it was possible to confirm that the presence of oxidized copper species occupying charge compensation sites in the zeolite was a determining factor in their activity, whereas the copper oxide formation did not present activity. As expected, methanol production increased with the addition in copper content, however, increased with the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite. Under the conditions used, it was not possible to identify the copper oxo-cations species by the DRS-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy techniques.