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Desenvolvimento de imunossensores microfluídicos descartáveis para detecção de biomarcadores visando o diagnóstico precoce da doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Oliveira, Tássia Regina de; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9671451657511244
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a large number of elderly and has an important social and economic impact. In early stages, the AD diagnosis can significantly improve patients' quality of life. Currently, AD biomarkers require diagnostic imaging procedures that are expensive or invasive. Thus, methods less invasive that allow an early, fast, and low-cost diagnosis are highly desirable. For this reason, a disposable microfluidic device was developed based on electrochemical immunosensors for detection of the biomarkers A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and amyloid-β peptide with 42 amino acids (Aβ42) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples. Three elderly groups divided into cognitively healthy subjects, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD patients at different disease stages were analyzed. For device construction, electrodes were screen printed on polyester foil using carbon and Ag/AgCl inks. Strategies for the biomarker’s detection were based on sandwich or competitive immunoassays. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme was used as an electrochemical marker and responsible for the indirect response of the immunosensor. The ADAM10 calibration curve was linear in the range of 5.6 to 1.4 pg mL-1, with a linear correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.983, and a limit of detection (LD) of 5.6 fg mL-1. For βA42 biomarker, the concentration range was linear between 1.8 and 499.2 pg mL-1 of the peptide, with r2 = 0.977 and LD of 1.8 pg mL-1. Plasma samples from AD and MCI patients showed significantly increased of ADAM10 levels when compared with healthy subjects. Aβ42 concentrations found in the cerebrospinal fluid were statistically different between the control and the diseased groups. ADAM10 and its detection using the device proposed here proved to be a powerful tool for the early diagnosis and AD monitoring, which can bring great benefits to patients' quality of life.
Gestão das inovações tecnológicas na agroindústria do amendoim do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Depieri, Heitor Augusto; Batalha, Mario Otávio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2627252104839580
Peanut is one of the foods that are already part of the Brazilian culture. The national consumption ranges from roasted, salted fruit to sweets (like the traditional paçoca) and derivatives containing peanut in their composition. The state of São Paulo is the largest producer and processor of this product. The main peanut-producing areas are the regions of Alta Paulista (Tupã and Marília) and Alta Mogiana (Dumont, Jaboticabal, Ribeirão Preto, and Sertãozinho). However, many opportunities are lost when it comes to adding value to this product, as 80% of the whole production of the state are shipped to other countries in the form of grains and the remaining is intended to supply the national sweets industry. Since the increased Dollar rate provides good financial results, the processed products are left out to export countries. Therefore, this dissertation aims at verifying how São Paulo-based companies are managing technological innovations in processing of peanut and implementing such technologies in order to increase competitiveness. To achieve that, a case study is to be carried out with the processors from the regions of Alta Paulista and Alta Mogiana. Interviews will be conducted with the support of a semi-structured questionnaire. An analysis of the patents filed involving the subject matter of this study will also be performed to verify in which fields there are innovations (regarding product and process) at the national and international levels. The finding results shows that the raw material originated from the processing companies have a strong influence by the industries who buy these materials, regarding the deciding process whether to innovate or not. And the food industries that are responsible for product from peanuts, are constantly interested and search for technology to guarantee the market demands and stay in it
Eletrodeposição de ligas bioabsorvíveis do sistema Fe-Mn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Figueira, Gustavo; Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; Gargarella, Piter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2329692381880140
Stents are medical devices which promote the opening and mechanical support of clogged blood vessels and, once applied, cannot be removed. The manufacture of bioabsorbable stents is desirable to avoid several subsequent clinical complications, such as restenosis. Bioabsorbable metallic stents manufactured with iron-based alloys deserve prominence due to the very low toxicity and good compromise between mechanical strength and ductility. However, the corrosion resistance of these alloys is still very high compared to the lifetime of the stent. Such properties, coupled with the modification of the Fe corrosion rate by the addition of alloying elements, shows the potential of this system in the manufacture of stents. In this context, the objective of this project is to evaluate the manufacture of Fe-Mn-based alloys by means of electrodeposition, especially the process parameters and their influence on the surface morphology and microstructure. The samples were obtained by electrodeposition from a base electrolyte of 0.4 M FeCl2 + 0.4 M MnCl2, with the addition of additives such as ammonium chloride, sodium saccharin and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The deposits with the best surface quality were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction. The results indicated that the simultaneous deposition of Fe-Mn in potentials beyond -1.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl results in the formation of a dendritic microstructure, also leading to the presence of defects such as porosity and cracks. On the other hand, the addition of ammonium chloride allows the incorporation of higher Mn content with lower values of potential, maintaining the formation of a homogeneous microstructure and with lower level of defects. Sodium saccharin and sodium dodecyl sulfate were also effective in improving the surface quality of the deposit, indicating that the use of additives is indispensable in obtaining Fe-Mn alloys obtained by electrodeposition.
Diversidade genética de uma população isolada de bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) (Cabrera 1940) no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Monticelli, Cauê; Sanches, Alexandra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4999886032379825; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3124379403088046
The fragmentation of the habitat mainly through anthropic causes may infer the genetic variability of species, specially over isolated populations in small fragments, leading to the reduction in population size, and spreading potential. Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI) is the largest fragment of Atlantic Forest inserted in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. For being an isolated area in urban environment, it takes the insular effect and it is under anthropogenic pressure that generates negative impact to the local biodiversity. Within wild species, the red howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) is the only autochthone primate. Starting from the hypothesis that the isolated population of red howlers of PEFI is endogamic and it presents low genetic diversity, 10 loci heterological microsatellite indicators have been used in order to assess the genetic diversity, endogamy coefficient, population bottleneck, and initial information over the population structure, and familyhood. Thus, the DNA extraction and genotyping of the blood samples were performed in 30 animals captured. As a result, 49 alleles were found with an average of 4,9 alleles per loco, being 2,95 the effective number of alleles, a richness allelic average of 4,73, average Ho of 0,49, and average He = 0,58. It was observed a deficit in heterozygotes and Fis endogamic coefficient being 0,16, pointing the occurrence of inbreeding. The Pearson correlation test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in order to analyze the relation between the geographic distance of the captured animals and the genetic distance obtained through the analysis of familyhood and, based on the results obtained, it has been observed a greater proximity of male adults family-related than non-related male adults. The populational reduction test has not detected recent population bottlenecks. Nevertheless, in spite of the absence of bottlenecks and the moderate genetic diversity found, the population of brown howlers of PEFI has presented a considerable average of endogamic coefficient, and genetic diversity inferior to other isolated populations.
O mundo público e a autogestão em Rosa Luxemburgo: uma análise do movimento das ocupações das escolas do estado de São Paulo em 2015
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Stabelini, Ana Maria; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8644271456768354
This work is the product of a conceptual study on the work of Rosa Luxemburg, and aims to contribute to the development of studies related to the conception of self-management and its articulation with conceptions of councils, public space, political self - education, as well as to discuss the self-managing character of the occupations movement of the schools of the State of São Paulo in 2015 and to discuss the possibility of its application to the design of school boards. In order to develop this thesis, some aspects are presented as fundamental: the concept of education based on political action and the possibility of autonomy and school self-government. Thus, we will consider the school not only as an organization stablished by the State, but also as a social organization, with characteristics that are intrinsic to the social groups belonging to it. The comprehension of the proposed problem will be fundamented on the conceptions of political freedom, democratic socialism, autonomy and self-government, criticism of the bureaucracy and the creation of participative organs in Rosa Luxemburg´s work. We start from the hypothesis that the self-managed councils, as conceived by Rosa Luxemburg to be spaces for the achievement of autonomy and freedom, would aim at the development of public consciousness, based on political action. In this sense, a conceptual study was carried out in the area of philosophy of education, with a view to the analysis of conceptions present in the work of Rosa Luxemburg which can explicitly give its concept of self-management. One of the elements that underpinned this study was the self-managerial experiences of the student occupations in 2015, highlighting the women's struggle and the female protagonism in the occupations. Thus, we consider this study relevant to the area of education for approaching some of its central discussions: the process of democratization of public schools, the democratic management of education and the creation of participative school councils.
Estudo da secagem de grãos em leito fixo, com e sem escoamento reverso do ar de secagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Albini, Geisa; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0018621195367601
Attempting to contribute to the development of the drying process in fixed bed, this work has the objective of the experimental study on the drying of barley grains in fixed bed, without and with drying airflow reversal. The drying experiments consist of obtaining moisture content and temperature data as a function of time, evaluating the influence of the main process operating variables, such as initial moisture content of grain and drying air temperature. The bed's shrinkage of barley grain, exposed to different drying conditions, was evaluated and quantified to be incorporated in the mathematical modeling of the drying process. The drying experiments were performed in a fixed bed dryer, which operates with upward and downward airflow, allowing the drying process with airflow reversal. The experiments to determine the temperature and moisture content distribution, without and with airflow reversal, were performed and the results showed the presence of temperature and moisture content gradients inside the grain bed. It has also been observed that shrinkage of the grain bed during the drying process is strongly influenced by the initial moisture content of barley grains. It was found that the drying rate decreased with drying airflow reversal, but increased the homogeneity of the drying process, reducing the temperature and moisture content gradients in the bed. For the simulation of the temperature and moisture content profiles, a physical-mathematical analysis of the process was carried out, based on the two-phases model proposed by Massarani and Silva Telles (1992) for fixed bed, with incorporation of shrinkage phenomenon and temperature of mixture (fluid-solid). The equations of the model were solved by the method of lines in MatLab software R2015a. The predicted data compared to the experimental values showed good agreement, with relative average errors ranging from 1,0 to 13,6%, showing that the model is promising to predict the drying variables , but should be improved.
Caracterização de filmes de alginato de sódio e PEDOT:PSS para potencial aplicação em dispositivos eletrocrômicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Fernandes Filho, Jorge; Longaresi, Rafael Henriques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0191932527256862; Menezes, Aparecido Junior de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6543610005549811
Polymer (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) in association with PSS Poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) PEDOT: PSS, are a class of materials that associate properties found in plastics with electrical characteristics present in metals. The union with sodium alginate, which is a renewable source polymer, found in marine algae, allows the creation of homogeneous films which, when doped under the action of passing electric current, change their colors. The investigation of the resulting electrical properties, as well as the morphological characteristics of the material and the assembly of an electrochromic device, are the main objectives of this work. The films were assembled using the solvent evaporation method, casting, from aqueous solutions of the mixture of PEDOT: PSS and sodium alginate in various proportions. Analysis of the voltage versus current curve showed a dependence or the PEDOT: PSS concentration for the increase of the conductivity of the formed film. Profile analysis showed that the coasting technique produced film of about 1000 nm and the technique spin casting the films produced films with about 250nm of thickness; RX diffractometry (DRX) revealed that the material is predominantly amorphous; UV-Vis absorbance measurements indicated that there is greater absorption of light energy in the RGB pattern is in the length of 650 nm; images from scanning electron microscopy indicated the homogeneity of the components in the formation of the films and the optical microscopy showed the continuity of the films formed. Infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform FTIR analyzes demonstrated that the absorption bands are equivalent to those found in the literature. In this way, the synthesized material presents suitable characteristics to be applied in the construction of an electrochromic device.
Moldagem e comparação de propriedades de compósitos de poli(butileno adipato-co-tereftalato) reforçados com tecidos de fibras vegetais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-25) Maciel, Cristiane Carla; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8846411014725252
In recent years, the increasing volume of polymer resin production and use has generated environmental problems caused by the post-consumption disposal of these materials, which become huge amounts of waste due to the difficulty of biodegradation and also the low use in recycling processes. Thus, the present work sought the development of polymeric composites with the use of a thermoplastic and biodegradable polymer matrix (PBAT). For the molding of the composites were used jute vegetable fibers, which are of renewable source, easy to obtain and low cost. In the case, three different commercial types of fiber fabric were used: jute (F9), jute and cotton (I33) and jute 2X2 with weights of 382 g / m2, 361 g / m2 and 438 g / m2 respectively. The moldings of the materials were made in metal mold coupled in a hydraulic press, using the hot compression method, followed by cooling at room temperature. After the moldings, the materials were cut for the analysis of spectroscopy in the infrared region by Fourier transform (FTIR), thermal properties by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), mechanical tests (tensile and impact), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis, crystallinity (XRD) and contact angle. FTIR analysis revealed only O-H bands present in the composite samples due to the presence of the fibers. Regarding the TGA/DTG analysis, it was observed that the insertion of the reinforcement in the matrix caused a decrease of 3 to 4% in the thermal stability of the composites in relation to the PBAT. From the results of the mechanical tests of traction and impact it was possible to observe improvements of up to 208% in the maximum tensile strength and 142% in the impact resistance. According to the SEM images, fibers / polymer matrix interaction was observed, revealing a certain interfacial adhesion. The percent crystalline phase of PBAT (17.79%) was obtained by the XRD diffractogram. In the contact angle analysis, the PBAT polymer and the composites presented hydrophobic characteristics on the respective surfaces. Therefore from the set of analyzes performed in this work it was possible to characterize and compare the three different types of jute fiber fabrics reinforced composites with the PBAT polymer. In addition, it was possible to verify that the composites presented superior mechanical properties compared to PBAT polymer without reinforcement.