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Procedimento para análise de fundação de radier considerando grelha e apoios elásticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-26)
Braga, Charlie Aparecido
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0401090333155701
The calculation of flexible or rigid mat foundation is difficult to perform because it is a matter of analyzing a plate resting on the ground, subjected to the external actions and the reactions of the soil. Following a trend of the calculation executed in concrete in Brazil, the plate is idealized as being a grid, that is, discretized in beams in one direction and another. To consider the soil and the interaction with the structure is used, in this work, the theory of spring of Winkler. The study of the passage from a continuous to a discrete medium is the main theme of this work. In this way the work proposes the use, as a tool, of a free and free grid program developed by a UFSCar research group to calculate mat foundation and beams on elastic basis. The obtained results will be compared with traditional values found by the theory of continuous beam medium on elastic basis and, in the case of plates, with numerical processes employed numerical techniques diverse as finite element. Finally, comparisons will be made of the results obtained with values of commercial software such as Eberick V10, showing that the final results are forthcoming.
Discursos eleitorais de PT e PSDB nos programas de governo e debates televisivos: ideologia, estratégias e pragmatismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-26)
Vizoná, Amanda
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Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336151484882362
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0395142824245016
This thesis has been developed based upon the hypothesis that PT and PSDB, the main farsided Brazilian political parties in the last two decades, have made an ideological centripetal move, approaching political agendas that used to distinguish them. This move explains the weakening of the party-elector bounding and the end of the political polarization leading, thus, to the electoral defeat of both sides in 2018. In order to evaluate this hypothesis this article considers political parties analytical theories and their strategies and ideological preferences: the Rational Choice theory, which considers political parties as pragmatics vote-seeking institutions, and the Saliency theory, which considers party documents and official speeches as ideological propagandas capable to connect and attract supporters. Thus, this present article intends to evaluate the political party positioning through the cross-analysis of the govern program and the speech during the electoral televised debates. To do so, the speech sentence analysis method was used in order to fit such sentences into the categories designed by the “Manifesto Research on Political Representation” (MARPOR). After measuring the consentaneity between party documents and the speech during the electoral debates, such as the parties’ strategies to communicate them to the electors, this article contributes to the campaign strategy literature and points out that PT and PSDB are very much alike, in despite of what they allege.
Efeitos do treinamento físico combinado na rigidez arterial de ratos tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-26)
Paula, Vinicius Ferreira de
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7529009566401947
Arterial stiffness, determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been considered an important cardiovascular risk predictor. It has been shown that high arterial stiffness contributes to develop hypertension (HT) and may be determined by an unbalance between the main extracellular proteins, like collagen and elastin. Previous studies have demonstrated that dexamethasone (DEX) increases arterial pressure (AP) in rats and humans; however the DEX effects on arterial stiffness are unclear. On the other hand, combined physical training (CT) has been recommended to control hypertension, but almost nothing is known about its effects on mechanisms responsible to control arterial stiffness. We hypothesized that CT could control collagen and elastin levels and attenuate arterial stiffness and AP increase in DEX-treated rats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CT on arterial stiffness and AP in DEX-treated rats. Thirty-seven Wistar rats (200-250g) were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC, n = 8), sedentary treated with DEX (SD, n = 9), trained control (TC, n=10) and trained and treated with DEX (TD, n = 10). All rats performed a maximum voluntary carrying capacity test (MVCC, on the ladder) and a maximal physical capacity test (TEM, on the treadmill) and underwent CT (60% maximum, 5d / week, 1h / on alternate days, for 74 days) or were kept sedentary. Through the last 14 days, they were treated with DEX (50μg / kg per day, s.c.) or saline. At the end experimental protocol, rats underwent pulse wave velocity (PWV) and tail AP measurements. Two-way ANOVA and T-Student t-test were used to compare the groups. Tukey post-hoc test was used when necessary. Maximal physical capacity test or MVCC values, PWV and AP were correlated by Pearson/Spearman test (p <0.05). Trained rats showed higher responses on MVCC and TEM compared with sedentary rats. DEX treatment increased tail AP (from 116 ± 2 to 181 ± 5 mmHg, p <0.05) as well as VOP (from 1.5 ± 0.05 m/s to 2.1 ± 0 m/s). On the other hand, TD group presented attenuation of AP and PWV increase induced by DEX (11% and 7.3%, for AP and PWV, respectively) when compared with SD group (53% e 38%, for AP and PWV, respectively). Also, DEX treatment increased COL III protein levels (+51,62%) in SD and CT significantly attenuated this increase (TD, +4,31%). COL I/COL III was significantly reduced after DEX treatment. Ellastin levels were not altered. Results of PWV were associated with AP (r = 0.6714) as well as COL III (r=0.4567). Therefore, the results of the present study are unique in demonstrating that CT was able mitigate increase on arterial stiffness induced by DEX treatment and the mechanism may involve a better control of aorta COL III levels. This CT-induced PWV attenuation may contribute to the lower AP observed in trained DEX-treated rats.
Elaboração de tarefas comunicativas por professores em formação: aprofundando compreensões, refletindo sobre o processo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-26)
Carandina, Marina Pereira
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Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8738337488681332
This qualitative research, aims to investigate how teachers in initial and continuing education materialize the principles of Task Based Teaching after designing activities at the end of a course about it. We also sought to understand if the activities can be defined as tasks, and which were the conceptions of teachers about the TBT. We have as a theoretical support the principles that define tasks (PRAHBU, 1987; SKEHAN, 1996; WILLIS, 1996; XAVIER, 1999; ELLIS, 2003; BARBIRATO, 2005) and studies on teacher education and reflective practice (SCHÖN, 1983; CELANI, 2001; VIEIRA ABRAHÃO, 2010; NÓVOA, 2009; KFOURI-KANEOYA, 2009). A questionnaire, an interview and recordings of the lessons of the extension course were used as data collections. The teacher's productions were also used as a source of analysis. The results showed that teachers, both in initial and continuing training, were able to fulfill the objective of elaborating a task in accordance to its principles previously defined. In addition, it was possible to investigate that the teachers' conceptions about the TBT were summed up in defining task based on an interactionist perspective. The data also showed that theory study associate with opportunity of practice and teacher's reflection could bring positive results to an initial and continuing education of language teachers.
Indicadores de desempenho em usinas de cana-de-açúcar: uma proposta de modelo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-26)
Pavani, Daniel Augusto Borges
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8033112440820040
Agribusiness is fundamental to the Brazilian economy. One of the sectors that stands out in the Brazilian agribusiness is the sugar-energy. The use of performance indicators, developed from the performance measurement systems found in the literature, are commonly used in decision making in companies in the most diverse sectors. However, many of these indicators do not fully meet corporate goals or are poorly used in decision making. Aiming to contribute to the reduction of this problem, this work aims to elaborate and propose a set of strategic and tactical performance indicators for a sugar and ethanol mill. This set of indicators has the characteristic of covering all areas of the plant to allow decision makers a global and systemic view of the company. The proposed indicators used the logic of the Performance Prism framework for its construction. The indicators were obtained through an action research that involved managers from all areas of the plant. The main contribution of this research is the proposal of indicators that comprise the set of activities (agricultural and industrial) of a sugarcane mill. The proposed model assumes, therefore, that performance indicators of a sugar-alcohol plant should include aspects related not only to the industrialization of sugarcane but also the activities of agricultural production of this raw material. We have proposed indicators not described in the literature that will be used by the company.
Catalisadores à base de Ni/(CeZr)O2/MgAl2O4 e Ni/(X2O3+ZrO2)/MgAl2O4 (X=La, Sm e Y) aplicados à tri-reforma do metano visando produção de hidrogênio e gás de síntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-26)
Lino, Ananda Vallezi Paladino
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9272485471200322
The Methane Tri-Reforming (MTR) is a combination of Methane Dry Reforming (MDR) and Methane Steam Reforming (MSR) coupled with the Partial Oxidation of Methane (POM). In the present work, nickel catalysts supported on MgAl2O4 spinel and the effect of the zirconia and zirconia associated to Ce, La, Sm and Y incorporation to this supported were evaluated on the MTR. The MgAl2O4 was prepared by Pluronic P123® assisted coprecipitation, which resulted in an increment in the specific surface area and pore volume. Zirconium oxide and the elements associated were incorporated in the spinel structure by the incipient impregnation technique. The concentration of such additives in the support was estimated considering the monolayer coverage on the MgAl2O4 surface. The Ni was also incorporated by incipient impregnation technique in a nominal concentration of 10% wt. The fresh catalysts were characterized using ex situ proceedings like XRD with Rietveld Refinement, N2 adsorption to determine textural properties, H2-TPR, H2-TPD, CO2-TPD, and in situ characterizations like XPD (X-ray Powder Diffraction) and XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure). The catalysts were evaluated in MTR at 750oC. The catalysts which featured the lowest amounts of carbon deposited during reaction at 750oC were also evaluated at 650oC, aiming to verify the temperature effect on the catalytic performance. Among all the catalysts, the Ce-Zr catalyst increased the metallic dispersion, which allowed the decrease of the carbon deposition compared to non-promoted catalyst. Despite the catalyst with Zr supported on the MgAl2O4 had shown the lowest coke deposition, the incorporation of Zr associated to Ce led to highest products yields, H2 and CO, 68% and 63%, respectively. Thus, it was also studied the effect of varying the Ce/Zr molar ratio in the catalysts supports, with molar ratios of Ce/Zr= 1, Ce/Zr= 4 and Zr/Ce=0. They were characterized and evaluated in MTR at 750oC. Operational studies were executed using the catalysts with the Ce/Zr = 4, changing the spatial velocity (GHSV) and the feed composition. This catalyst was selected for such studies once its basicity was mainly from basic sites up to moderate strength, which contribute to minimize the coke deposition. Once the conversions increased as the spatial velocity diminished, the feed composition studies (effect of O2/CO2 and H2O/CO2 ratios) were evaluated using the GHSV= 2.95 mol.g 1.h 1. The O2/CO2 = 0.17 was considered more adequate, once the CO2 conversion was kept at around 60%, while the H2/CO ratio was close to 1.75. Increasing the O2/CO2 ratio from 0 to 1.5, the coke deposition decreased about 30 times, while varying the H2O/CO2 ratio from 0 to 1.4 decreased the carbon content about 8 times. Thus, the air increment in the feed stream contributed more effectively to diminish the carbon production than the H2O addition. The scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, used to characterize the coke produced along the reactions showed that the carbon seems as filamentous, presenting a small graphitization degree, which demonstrates that it can be gasified under the reaction conditions.
As interjeições do português brasileiro e seus aspectos indexicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-26)
Teixeira, Ariane
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Conde, Dirceu Cleber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5738171689581379
Brazilian Portuguese interjections form a heterogeneous and productive grammatical class, whose items are commonly associated with the idea that they “express feelings and emotions of the speaker”, but in fact these items have other functions and meanings in different speech contexts. Our research hypothesis considers that (i) interjections are syntactically independent, that (ii) they carry an elided/unpronounced indexical element in their structure, and that (iii) they have expressive content. We will present a set of interjections to which classification criteria will be applied according to the contextual information of the speech episode and their functionality. The scope of the present research also includes the expressive semantic content of the interjections; since these items can not be evaluated according to their truth conditions, because, following our analysis, they contribute only in the expressive dimension, and therefore we will explore the multidimensionality theory of Gutzmann (2013; 2015), which provides a formal apparatus for dealing with expressive items. Our tools of analysis are formal semantics and pragmatics, and we apply a hypothetical deductive methodology, we will formulate our conclusions in order to be falsifiable and therefore verifiable, counting on the speaker’s intuition.
Leveduras como agentes de controle de Alternaria alternata em tomates no pós-colheita: mecanismos, resistência a estresses e formulação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-27)
Bosqueiro, Ariane Silva
;
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Rosa-Magri, Márcia Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8943992959158197
The fungus Alternaria alternata causes rot in several post-harvest crops, limiting commercialization and causing damage to the entire agricultural production chain. The use of biological control agents has been an alternative and the yeasts have characteristics that make them suitable for this use. Understanding the mechanisms of action used by these yeasts, their resistance to different stresses and finding formulations that guarantee their viability and a good control activity of phytopathogenic fungus, are important aspects to be clarified in this type of approach. The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the yeasts Torulaspora globosa (strain 5S55) and Trichosporon asahii (strain 3S44) involved in the biological control activity, the resistance of these yeasts under different stress sources and their efficiency in formulations in the control fungus Alternaria alternata in tomato. For this, the two strains were tested for the mechanisms of action: production of hydrolytic enzymes (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in vivo test and biofilm formation. Strains culture was evaluated under stress conditions, including different temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C), osmotic stress (0, 3, 6 and 9% NaCl), oxidative stress (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM H2O2) and resistance to mancozeb-based fungicide Manzate WG® (0,1, 0,2, 0,3, 0,4 and 0,5 mg/mL). Formulations containing corn starch and gelatin at 2% were evaluated for adhesion of the yeasts on the fruit surface and, later, the formulation with starch was evaluated in tomatoes to control A. alternata. As a result, the strains presented results only in the production of the enzyme β-1,3-glucanase, and T. asahii (3S44), also presented activity for the formation of biofilm in the in vitro test. T. asahii (3S44) showed to be more resistant than T. globosa (5S55) in all tests, being that the condition that most affected the viability of both strains was oxidative stress. In addition, none could withstood the minimum concentration of mancozeb-based fungicide. The formulation that showed the best result in the fixation of the cells on the tomato surface was with corn starch. When this was used in the control of A. alternata, it showed 15,7 and 42,5% inhibition with T. globosa (5S55) and T. asahii (3S44), respectively. In view of such results, it is possible to state that T. asahii (strain 3S44) presented, in general, better results in relation to T. globosa (strain 5S55) and that both have potential for biological control.
Os efeitos do treinamento físico, associado ao perindopril, na rigidez arterial de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-27)
Miotto, Danyelle Siqueira
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0601261066749163
Hypertension (HT) is a complex and multifactorial disease considered one of the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is maintained mainly by structural changes in vessels that contribute to increase vascular resistance. Changes in the intrinsic elastic properties of the vessel wall contribute to determine arterial stiffness and may compromise vessel functioning. Currently, arterial stiffness has been considered an important predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Among the antihypertensive treatments, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have been used to improve vessel compliance, however, almost nothing is known about the use of ACEi, associated or not with aerobic TF, on the improvement of arterial stiffness in hypertensive animals. We hypothesized that T associated with perindopril could improve arterial stiffness and HT higher than isolated treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic T, associated or not with perindopril treatment on arterial stiffness, arterial pressure and cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 49 SHR (200-300g) were randomly allocated into 4 groups: 1 / sedentary control (SC, n = 12) 2 / sedentary treated with perindopril (SP, n = 10, 3 mg / kg per day, by gavage) 3 / trained control (TC, n = 13, which underwent treadmill aerobic exercise per 60 days), 4 / trained perindopril (TP, n = 14, which underwent aerobic TF and were treated with perindopril). Ten wistar rats were used as normotensive control. Weekly tail pressure measurements were measured. At the end of experimental protocol, pulse wave velocity (PWV) was performed to analyze arterial stiffness. After measurement of direct arterial pressure (AP), autonomic balance and barroreflex analysis, aorta artery was removed for proteomic analysis and muscle tissues (soleus and left ventricle) for histological analyses. The sedentary hypertensive rats (SC) presented lower body weight (-26.51%) and lower SOL weight (-26%) compared to wistar rats. However, hemodynamic values of SBP, DBP and MAP were elevated (+ 69.61%, 62.33% and 63.53% respectively), as well as VOP (+ 49.35%) and sympathetic nerve activity for vessels (+ 64.33%) when compared to wistar. Spontaneous (non-pharmacological) barroreflex analysis of SC had values of reflex bradycardia (GAIN UP, -43.70%), as well as the sum of reduced reflex bradycardia and reflex tachycardia (GAIN ALL, -42.47%), when compared to wistar. The histological analysis of collagen density was increased (+ 136.80%) in SC rats, whereas C: F (+ 24.34%) was higher in wistar. PWV was higher and treatment with perindopril and / or T were able to reduce it in SHR (-36%, -21% and -46%, for SP, TF and TP, respectively), compared with SC. Media wall AST values were also reduced in the SP (-59%), TC (-55%) and TP (-44%) groups, compared with SC. In addition, LV collagen density was reduced after perindopril (-53%), T (-46%) and its association (-52%). Only trained groups presented higher values of capillary-to-fiber ratio (64% and 37%, for TC and TP respectively). Sympathetic nervous activity to the vessels was also reduced only after T. Proteomic analysis suggested that some proteins that were up regulated after perindopril, were contra balanced by T, through different pathways. Results of this study suggest that reduction of arterial stiffness induced by T maybe associated with renin angiontensin system, since reduction were similar to those after perindopril treatment. Besides functional responses were similar, proteomic results suggest that both strategies act through different protein pathway. Improvements of arterial stiffness may be also associated with local and neural skeletal muscle microcirculation alterationsand both treatments did not determine synergic responses.
Mindfulness para pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-27)
Greve, Ledjane Neves de Oliveira Schaeffer
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Machado, Regimar Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6264233618694110
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized as an autoimmune systemic disease, progressive chronic inflammation that causes deformity and destruction of the joints, has a negative impact on the autonomy to perform daily activities, quality of life, and triggers cardiovascular, pulmonary, and increased mortality. Mindfulness meditation is one of the practices that assists in the search for integral care and in recent years has attracted the attention of researchers who, gradually, begin to value non-medicamentalized practices capable of promoting physical and mental well-being. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness as a complementary therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: This is a systematic review of the literature of randomized clinical trials. The electronic databases searched were: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PEDro, PsycoINFO, LILACS, Web of Science, clinical trials.gov, WHO-ICTRP. The gray literature was accessed through the Open Gray base. Primary studies evaluating intervention with mindfulness compared to placebo, psychotherapy, or other equivalent strategies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included. Primary outcomes included: symptom management, quality of life, and patient satisfaction. The quality of each study was assessed using the bias evaluation tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: Four studies (249 participants) comparing mindfulness with waiting list, cognitive therapy and education were included. All studies were classified as having a high risk of bias in at least one of the domains of the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Studies have shown improvements in the disease activity scores (DAS-28-CRP), morning stiffness, pain, overall patient assessment, depressive symptoms, psychological stress, well-being, improvements in positive and negative affect, decrease in joint counts inflammatory reactions, stress reactivity and catastrophic pain, improvements in reported pain, fatigue, morning dysfunction, anxious and serene affect. Conclusion: Evidence from the present review studies is of low quality, therefore, more robust clinical trials with larger samples are needed in order to know the efficacy of mindfulness for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and this technique can be adopted in the clinical practice.
Caracterização de células estromais mesenquimais multipotentes cultivadas na presença de uma molécula moduladora da expressão de ciclo-oxigenase-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Rosario, João Pedro da Cruz
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Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389
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Haddad, Simone Kashima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9528645605164487
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are stem cells used in therapeutic applications due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. These cells exhibit paracrine activity, which releases soluble factors that allow them to manage immune system cells. Among the diversity of factors, prostaglandin E2 stands out, synthesized by MSC after contact with tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNF-ɑ) and increased expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Our research group developed a large-scale screening qPCR assay based on the TNF-ɑ - COX-2 axis, to select molecules that positively modulate COX-2, and the results pointed to the natural compound indirubin. Therefore, the objective was to carry out a cellular priming to observe the effects of indirubin on the characteristics of umbilical cord MSC (UC-MSC) and to validate the modulatory activity of the compound on COX-2. For this purpose, UC-MSC samples (n=3) were conditioned for 72 hours to three treatments: control condition, 0.25% DMSO and 50μM indirubin. For characterization analyses, cells were tested for morphology, immunophenotypic profile, cell viability and adipogenic differentiation. Subsequently, COX-2 modulation was evaluated through protein expression (Western blot) and gene expression (qPCR). Then, samples were selected for a proliferation assay and an immunomodulation assay, performed by co-cultivating UC-MSC with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, a qPCR analysis of the expression of inflammatory genes by PBMC was performed. The results indicated that priming did not contradict any cell characterization criteria, and that there is no bias in viability or proliferation. The gene and protein modulation of COX-2 was expressed differently between the samples, with “UC-MSC 03” showing gains in both analyses. The co-culture assay indicated that the UC-MSCs control the proliferation of lymphocytes, but it was not possible to affirm the immunomodulatory gain from the treatment with indirubin. And the qPCR of the inflammatory genes indicated expression gains in some targets, which can be used in another immunomodulation approach.
“Lei Seca” e racionalidade. Um estudo sobre o caso brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Moretti, Luciana Cristina Pasztor
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7414639445899689
Since 2008, when the first “Dry Law” came into force in Brazil, drivers’ awareness and attitude have undergone several transformations, the main one being the habit of not driving after drinking. In this dissertation, I present and analyze the changes carried out in the various “Dry Laws” in the years 2008, 2012, 2016 and 1017, their legal implications, both criminal and administrative, as well as their consequences in the decision making of the agent, the driver. This scenario is exposed based on the theoretical-methodological approach proposed by Jon Elster, with its explanation for mechanisms and its own rationality, including the individual's “irrational behavior”. Thus, a debate on the “Dry Laws” is conducted and highlights its parts and gears, its actors and its failures, mainly that, even with continued improvements, it is still the law itself, its text, understanding and fulfillment, which brings the sensation of impunity for society, which demands progress and efficiency of public policies.
Desenvolvimento de procedimento analítico para a caracterização de resíduos eletrônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Bezana, Thiago Berti
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3042631344517717
In the production of printed circuit boards large amounts of base and precious metals with high purity are used in their composition. The growing generation of electronic waste together with the scarcity of mineral resources around the world demand the development of technologies that allow minimizing the environmental impact caused by the disposal of these wastes as well as the extraction of mineral resources from nature. In this context an analytical procedure was developed for elemental analysis of silver, gold and copper. Sample preparation includes steps of grinding, homogenization and representative sampling, followed by microwave-assisted acid digestion. Silver, gold and copper, were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Grinding tests of samples indicated as the best alternatives to obtain particles with particle sizes smaller than 0.150 mm, a combination between cryogenic mill, ideal for sample fractions with high amount of polymers and resins, and vibrating cup mill, used for sample fractions with high amounts of metals. The techniques of homogenization by conical stacks and division by pyramidal longitudinal stacks were efficient to obtain representative samples. This technique allowed representative samples to be obtained by taking into account standard deviations 6-fold lower for Au concentrations. After microwave-assisted acid digestion, analytes were determined by ICP OES. A complete 33 factorial design was carried out to evaluate effects of the following variables: sample mass, acid mixture and heating program. The experimental conditions that led to the best results based on the efficiency of the digestion procedure focused on the target metals was the use of 10 mL of aqua regia, 750 mg of sample and heating at 230 °C with ramp of 8 min and plateau during 30 min. ICP OES was efficient for determination of Ag, Au and Cu in e-wastes. Palladium determination was affected by spectral interferences caused by Fe and Ar for the two most intenses emission lines. The developed analytical procedure was adequate and complied with the demand of the project. The limits of detection of the developed procedure were: Ag – 0.0035 mg kg-1, Au – 0.0288 mg kg-1 and Cu – 0.0017 mg kg-1, and the concentration ranges obtained to printed circuit boards of desktop computers e-waste were: Ag - 290 mg kg-1 ; Au - 90 mg kg-1 and Cu - 18%.
Avaliação da destinação de indivíduos de aves silvestres apreendidas no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Sugieda, Angélica Midori
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Silveira, Luís Fábio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5263574197578953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7934319027920985
Globally, crimes against the environment have been growing at an alarming rate, only trafficking and illegal trade in plants and animals has moved around $ 7- $ 23 billion in 2016. Along with other pressures such as habitat loss, introduction of alien species and degradation of natural environments, illegal trade can drastically reduce the size of populations of the species of interest. Information compiled by IBAMA indicated that 47,895 animals in Brazil were victims of illegal trafficking in 2005, where a little more than half belonged to the group of birds (57%). This study evaluated the data of wild confiscated birds from the Environmental Military Police of São Paulo, as well as the information contained in the infraction notices, in order to understand the flow of seized animals. The 116,011 birds confiscated were distributed in 242 species, and the family with the highest number of individuals seized was Thraupidae, followed by the parrots. The species most apprehended were the Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), the Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens), the Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis), and in the family Psittacidae, the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) was the most seized. The vast majority of birds confiscated were not classified as endangered (94% to 95% of individuals), analysis carried out with the Brasilian and São Paulo Red Lists. Most of these confiscated animals were sent to breeders and rehabilitations centers (52.7%), another 23.1% were released in nature and 14.4% were deposited with the lawbreaker. The absence of more rigorous punishments for lawbreakers such as prison sentences and / or confiscation of capital equipment are the causes of the large number of animals that is illegally trade in Brazil, and it is pointed out the need for new and severe laws regulating the protections of Brazilian biodiversity. Since 2001, the number of confiscated animals has been increasing in São Paulo, and discussion and improvement of laws to punish offenders and to improve surveillance and monitoring strategies for the trade in animals is important.
Motivação para o exercício da profissão docente de língua inglesa: um estudo de caso com alunos de um curso de licenciatura em Letras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Pepi, Patricia Carvalho
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Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8114247048771907
The last census about higher education careers conducted by INEP has revealed a considerable increase in the number of students starting Education programs that grant teaching credentials, therefore it is considered relevant to evaluate Languages and Literature student-teachers inclination to follow the English teacher career, since the graduation courses role is to propitiate the initial preparation to the teaching profession. To evaluate such inclination, and supported by the literature, we discuss the role of motivation of prospective EFL teachers to pursue the profession (DÖRNYEI, 2011). Besides, other considerations about the role of the initial experience in the undergraduate program are important to this study to ensure a more comprehensive and deeper understanding about the subject. We justify this study accomplishment based on the existing literature gap on motivation to become a teacher, which reveals it as a pertinent theme in Applied Linguistics (AL), for the purpose of contributing to generate relevant information on the highlighted theme. In this context, the present research aims at characterizing the motivation in student-teachers in their final semester of a teacher education course at a public university in the state of São Paulo, which conducts to their choice to become English teachers. The methodological procedure consists of a case study conduction, in which the collected and analyzed data allowed us to identify the determinant elements in the motivation process of the participants to work as teachers, based on their individual experiences.
Estudo das propriedades antimicrobianas de filmes de nanocelulose e nanopartículas de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Medeiros, Cassiano Heitor Santos de
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Rangel, Elidiane Cipriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6885205382275380
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Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089
Silver is an element with widely recognized bactericidal activity. Its use in the modification of materials has been studied for decades and its use goes through different forms of incorporation in the matrices of interest, such as surgical instruments, prostheses, heart valves, tissues, personal hygiene products and food containers. The present work intends to analyze the antimicrobial performance aggregated in nanocellulose films containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanocomposite films were produced through a suspension of vegetable nanocellulose and AgNPs synthesized using sodium citrate as reductant and stabilizer, the technique is based on the adaptation of a filtration system to the vacuum and subsequent drying in a system of own production. The characterization of the nanocomposite films in relation to their antimicrobial properties was performed by means of the disc diffusion technique in triplicate of “test” samples incubated for 24 hours at 35 ºC in Petri dishes cultivated with the strains of microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present in outbreaks of hospital infection. UV-Vis analyzes were conducted on the aqueous suspension of AgNPs indicating the presence of particles ranging in size from 35 to 50 nm. The average thickness of the films removed from the drying system at 3 days and 7 days of curing was 112 ± 7 μm and 93 ± 5 μm, respectively. Results of silver atomic concentration had a mean value of 0.18 ± 0.07% with maximum concentration of 0.29 ± 0.09%. After measuring the inhibition halos formed, with an average value of 7.2 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus and 7.7 ± 0.3 mm against P. aeruginosa, it was possible to observe successfully the antimicrobial effect in NC-AgNPs films obtained. Other techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, contact angle and infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance were also conducted to determine the morphology, wettability and functional groups characteristic of the films.
Enfrentamentos cotidianos das mulheres da comunidade de remanescentes de quilombolas do Cedro - Mineiros - GO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Silva, Aline Grigório da
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Silva, Jesiel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262375754694269
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Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384
This study was carried out in the southwestern region of Goiás, an area dominated by agribusiness. The objective of this study was to investigate daily practices, daily experiences, responsible for the production of commodities with high employment of technologies. It is in this scenario that the community of quilombola remnants of the cedar is inserted. The quilombola communities are scattered throughout the Brazilian territory, fighting and resisting to be able to remain in their territories. women are the main responsible for maintaining the identity traits of the community, which are directly linked to the relationship that residents have established over the years with the cerrado and medicinal plants. The methodological process to answer the objectives of this dissertation had a qualitative character and was developed based on Ethnography a methodology that allowed an approximation of the studied group, during the field work the data collection was made from semistructured interviews with the help of the field notebook which was fundamental for the registration of the researcher impression. It was noted that women in the community increased their participation in the labor market, but that it continues to lead the family. It was possible to find out that transformations are taking place in the patterns of values related to the sociocultural role of women. Women have been divided between domestic, social and political space. Demonstrating engagement to take leadership roles within and outside the community.
Educação e formação humana: direito à educação e classes multisseriadas no meio rural brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Santana, Dilsilene Maria Ayres de
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9164058412503084
L’offre de l’Éducation de Base en classe multi-âge – regroupement d’enfants d’âges différents et, généralement, conduit par un seul professeur – est une réalité qui fait partie des systèmes scolaires de tous les pays. Au Brésil, les classes multi-cours ont une forte présence dans le milieu rural, malgré cela, ces classes sont considérées, tant par l’imaginaire social que par les politiques d’éducation, comme étant un detour de la salle de classe considérée idéale: urbaine et monoclasse. D’après les évaluations institutionnelles, les classes multi-niveaux sont les responsables de l´echec scolaire des étudiants. Pour justifier sa tendance à faire disparaìtre les classes multi-âges, le pouvoir publique tient compte des résultats de ces évaluations. Cette recherche a pour objet d’étude l’offre de l’Éducation de Base en classe multi-âge au milieu rural brésilien. La méthode historico-dialectique et la pédagogie historico-critique sont les bases de cette recherche. Le but de l’étude a été celui de faire une réflexion/discussion dans laquelle l’éducation de base est considérée comme étant un droit publique subjectif. La recherche a un caractère bibliographique et analyse les données du Censo Escolar/MEC/INEP pour démontrer la chute de l’offre de l’éducation en classes multi-âge au milieu rural. Ainsi, la conclusion c’est que les limitations résultantes du groupement d’enfants en classes multi-niveaux, par lui même, ne justifient pas l’échec scolaire au milieu rural brésilien. La réponse à cet échec se trouverait dans la finalité de ces écoles dans le système d’éducation et dans ’histoire de l’éducation brésilienne : celles-ci étant déterminées par les rapports socio-économiques d’accumulation de capital. L’étude se soutient dans la compréhension historique que la logique de la production socio-économique au milieu rural brésilien, devenue plus importante dans les dernières années en raison de la mondialisation du capitalisme et de l’expansion de l’agro-industrie, provoque l’exode rural. L’importante réduction de la densité démographique, associée à une chute du taux de natalité, vide le milieu rural brésilien. Ces facteurs ne sont pas, pourtant, des raisons pour la fermeture des écoles.
Ternary nanocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals, conductive materials and electrospun fibers applied in sensors for detection of heavy metals in water
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Teodoro, Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3203774759570089
The monitoring of water resources destined for consumption is a subject of outmost importance for population and ecosystems life quality maintenance. The degradation of these resources with heavy metals, usually associated with the improper disposal of industrial wastes, is a current issue in Brazil and in the world. The use of strategies arising from nanoscience and nanotechnology can help the development of sensor devices able to provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis of water quality. In this sense, the present thesis reports the development of nanostructured chemical sensors with nanocomposites composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) electrospun fibers, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and conductive materials, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The studies revealed the possibility to use CNC as green reagent in the stabilization, reduction and dispersion of conductive species. In this way, CNC were added to AgNP and rGO syntheses, and the resulting hybrid materials were characterized in terms of morphology through scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, FEG-SEM and TEM), and chemical composition using techniques as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and FTIR, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The hybrid materials CNC/AgNP and CNC/rGO were, subsequently, combined with PA6 electrospun fibers. The different possible strategies for combination of these materials were evaluated and the resultant nanocomposites were characterized in terms of morphology by SEM and FEG-SEM, composition by spectroscopy FTIR, interaction between components by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ability of charge transfer by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). These nanocomposites were applied in the fabrication of sensing platforms which, making use of electrical and electrochemical techniques, enabled the detection of heavy metal ions even under low concentrations. The sensing platforms resultant from distinct combinations of CNC, AGNP and PA6 were arranged to compose an impedimetric electronic tongue. Capacitance data were statistically interpreted using multivariate data analysis, whereby it was possible to classify solution containing lead(II), cadmium(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and pure water. The same sensing array enabled distinguishing pure water and lead solutions under concentrations as low as 10 nmol. L-1. The sensor platform based on CNC, rGO and PA6 was applied to the electrochemical detection of Hg(II). With the use of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), it was possible to detect mercury (II) in the range of 2.5-200 μM. The developed sensor was stable, selective and showed limit of detection of 0.52 μM.
Efeitos da fotobiomodulação e do exercício de carga constante na sensibilidade barorreflexa, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial no diabetes mellitus tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Milan-Mattos, Juliana Cristina
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7618794015038906
Study 1 Aim: to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic control through time and frequency techniques in a moderate-intensity constant-load exercise session in healthy and diabetic men. Methods: We evaluated 39 men (40-64 years) divided into 2 groups: GDM2 (n=20, DM2 diagnosis) and GC (n=19, without DM2 diagnosis). The participants performed a 10 min of rest (REST), then the volunteer was positioned on a cycloergometer to start the constant workload test (1 min rest, 3 min warm-up, 6 min exercise at constant workload - EXERCISE, 6 min of cool down, 1 min of rest) followed by a 10 min of rest (RECOVERY). The workload exercise corresponded to 80% of the VO2GET (gas exchange threshold) identified by a previous cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The electrocardiogram R-R intervals (BioAmp FE132) and the peripheral pulse pressure (Finometer PRO) signals were continuously collected throughout the protocol. Stable sequences of 256 points were selected for REST, EXERCISE and RECOVERY. Time domain analysis for the heart rate (HR), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability (µ: mean and σ2: variance) and BRS (sequence method), as well as the frequency domain analysis for the HR, DAP, SAP variability (spectral analysis) and BRS (cross spectral analysis) were performed. Results: GDM2 presented lower values of μRRi and higher values of HR, higher value of low frequency in normalized units (LFnu – iRR) and more negative phase (LF) in RECOVERY compared to REST. Conclusion: GDM2 presented cardiovascular autonomic control impairment in RECOVERY, evaluated by HRV and BRS. Study 2: Aim: evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cardiovascular autonomic control, analyzed by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) (sequence method) during constant workload exercise and recovery in diabetic men. Methods: Eleven men with DM2 (40-64 years) were evaluated. The constant workload exercise protocol was performed on two different days, with a 14 days interval, to guarantee the PBM washout period. Participants were submitted to PBM (150J/300J/placebo) by light emitting diodes (LEDs), followed by the exercise protocol and equipment described in study 1. PBM was applied to the quadriceps femoral and triceps surae. Stable sequences of 256 points were selected for REST, EXERCISE, and RECOVERY. The BRS was calculated in time domain according to the sequence method (αseq). The comparison between the energies (150J/300J/placebo) and the condition (REST, EXERCISE and RECOVERY) was performed by the Two-Way Anova repeated measures test. Results: There was no interaction between energies and conditions. There was only the effect of the condition (p <0.001), showing that the behavior of αseq was similar regardless of energy. Conclusion: the PBM, previously applied to constant workload exercise test with moderate intensity in DM2, was not able to promote changes in the cardiovascular autonomic control, leading to an improvement of BRS.