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Correlação entre as características físicas e locacionais de lotes e o consumo efetivo médio per capta de água potável: estudo de caso da cidade de Bebedouro (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-11)
Gaspar, Flávia Cristina
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Kellner, Erich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2383835757523922
Information pertaining to water consumption per capita can be considered as a valuable tool for the design of parts of the water supply system of a municipality. The difficulty to the urban infrastructure designer is the estimation of the average per capita water consumption to be adopted in a water supply system project. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and locational characteristics of urban lots and to correlate them with the effective per capita consumption of water for the city of Bebedouro (SP). We analyzed 37 neighborhoods, all with 100% hydrometric and occupancy rate equal to or greater than 85%. From the analyzed data, it was verified that the average effective consumption per capita maintained a positive correlation with the average individual income, not being, however, observed a relation of the consumption with the gross population density related to the occupied area. It was observed that the water loss in distribution was 57.25% in the year 2015. Hypothesis test indicated that the independent variables Average Lot Area (AML), Standard Unit Value and Maximum Standard Unit Value (VUP / VUPmax) and of the number of inhabitants per link of water / lot (NHL) presented a linear correlation with the average daily effective consumption (qe), for interval and 95% confidence. The equation was determined from regression of multiple variables with determination coefficient R2 = 0.8099.
Identificação de Áreas de Especial Interesse Peatonal (AEIP) utilizando análise multicritério e ferramentas de geoprocessamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-11)
Gobbo, Caio Augusto Rabello
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Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245761274405860
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Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962
The quality of pedestrian-oriented urban spaces is fundamental for economic development, public health, social welfare and environmental sustainability of a municipality. Many researchers base their studies on structural analysis of sidewalks and audits of spaces, considering aspects related to the safety, security, and attractiveness of the environment. However, there is a lack of studies that correlate characteristics of urban land use and occupation, as well as sociodemographic characteristics for the identification of urban spaces that are a priority to the focus on pedestrian. With the prioritization, the public management can identify punctually where to act to carry out studies, bring significant improvements to the walkability and choose, among the areas of the municipality, those that need more attention. Thus, the present study aims to develop a method that, based on the correlation of land use and socio-demographic variables, indicates such priority areas, named as Areas of Special Pedestrian Interest (AIEP), that is, priority areas for future analyzes and improvements related to the quality of pedestrianized urban space. The following steps are developed in the study: (i) selection of relevant variables, (ii) ranking variables according to hierarchical process analysis (AHP) in expert research, (iii) representation of results in GIS platform, (iv) identification of the AEIPs and (v) analyzing the walkability in selected zones. For the development of the method, the city of São Carlos (SP) is used as a study area because of the availability and ease of data collection, but it is expected that the method will be replicable in other scenarios. The results indicate about 1522ha of the urban region (19%) as (AEIP), extrapolating the consolidated urban center. Several "center of neighborhoods" regions are identified, presenting mixed occupation profile (residential, commercial and service uses). These areas are synthesized in 79 priority census tracts, encompassing about 60,000 inhabitants (27.1% of the population) and 50 km of road extension - highlighting roads of great structural, commercial and circulation importance to the municipality. The developed method was able to identify priority areas (AEIPs), correlating land use and socio-demographic characteristics and presenting guidelines for regions that need more attention in the pedestrian area and contributing to the management of municipal walking mobility.
Técnicas agroecológicas no desempenho agronômico e qualidade dos frutos da pimenta biquinho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-11)
Labigalini, Isabella
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Sala, Fernando César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
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Rossi, Fabrício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621862166341833
Alternative practices in food production, which take into account the ecological sustainability of agroecosystems and the economic sustainability of farmers, are being increasingly tried and recommended. The objective of this work was to study the effects of green manure, Trichoderma asperellum and homeopathy on the agronomic performance and fruit quality of the “biquinho” pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). The design was in a randomized complete block with four replications, in subdivided plots, the plot being two homeopathic preparations: 1) Arnica montana 6CH; 2) Pulsatilla nigricans 6CH; and control treatment, and the subplot 7 treatments: 1) Crotalaria juncea sown 50 days before the transplanting of the pepper plants, in the density 25 kg ha-1, managed at 50 days after sowing and regrowth at 91 days; 2) Crotalaria juncea sown 50 days before the transplanting of the peppers, in the density 50 kg ha-1 handled at 50 days after sowing and regrowth at 91 days; 3) Crotalaria juncea sown concomitant to pepper transplant in density 50 kg ha-1, handled at 59 days; 4) Canavalia ensiformis, seeded concomitant with peppermint transplant, density 25 kg ha-1, handled at 48 days; 5) Cajanus cajan, seeded concomitant with pepper transplant, density 25 kg ha-1, handled at 76 days; 6) Trichoderma asperellum inoculated in two moments; and 7) Control 2 (single crop). It was evaluated the height, stem diameter, relative chlorophyll index and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the pepper plants, production components fruit quality, and sensory analysis. There was interaction between homeopathic preparations and green manures/T. asperellum, which influenced the characteristics of the pepper plants, and there was also interaction between the for all variables analyzed (height, diameter, NDVI, IRC). Biometric values and fruit quality components were only influenced by green manures/T . asperellum, except the number of locules that altered according to the homeopathic preparation used. In sensory analysis there was significant difference only for fruit size, but this did not influence preference. The homeopathic preparations Arnica montana and Pulsatilla nigricans 6CH influenced the biometric characteristics of the pepper plants: height, stem diameter, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and relative chlorophyll index (IRC). T. asperellum exerted influence showing some of the best results on the biometric characteristics of the pepper plants, and when associated with the application of the homeopathic preparation Arnica montana 6CH provided higher heights of plants and IRC. As for production, this did not differ from control. It was concluded that the 50 kg ha-1 intercropping with Crotalaria juncea seedlings sown 50 days before the transplanting of the pepper allowed a good development of the baguier pepper, with production similar to the control, fruits with better pH values, soluble solids, acidity and maturation index.
Secagem convectiva de folhas visando a obtenção de compostos bioativos via extração supercrítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-11)
Canabarro, Nicholas Islongo
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Mazutti, Marcio Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3520282081196395
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Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
In this work, an investigation through experimentation and mathematical modeling was carried out with the intention of evaluating the drying process of pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) and olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves in a conveyor belt drier, aiming the extraction of extracts by the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. A complete characterization of both leaves as to their physical properties, such as characteristic dimensions, specific mass, initial moisture content, equilibrium moisture and surface morphology was performed. The results indicated that the leaves had distinct physical characteristics, with surface areas of 24 ± 1 and 8 ± 1 cm² for pitangueira and olive leaves, respectively. In relation to the morphology, the leaves of pitangueira present striated trichomes while the olive leaves have peltate trichomes. Drying tests were performed at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ° C using a forced convection oven and a pilot scale dryer. In the oven drying it was observed that the temperature has a significant influence on the drying of the leaves and that the internal mass transfer mechanisms control the drying process. In addition, the morphological differences of the leaves impose different resistance to the mass transfer during the drying process and the olive leaves have a more pronounced rolling than the pitangueira leaves. In the drying on the conveyor belt, in all the conditions imposed, leaves with discharge humidity were obtained within the range considered ideal for the supercritical extraction process (7 to 18% b.u.). The behavior of the drying kinetics was similar to that of the oven, and the peltate trichomes present in the olive leaves contribute to the increase of resistance to mass transfer in comparison to the leaves of pitangueira. The two-phase model accurately predicted the discharge moisture and temperature of the leaves during drying in the conveyor belt dryer. In the supercritical extraction tests, preliminary studies showed that the condition of 80 ° C and 250 bar is the most adequate condition to obtain the supercritical extracts of the pitanga leaves, presenting higher yields and higher extraction rates. The models of Sovová (1994) and Spline provided good agreements with the experimental data of the overall extraction curves in all conditions investigated. Drying had a significant influence on the extraction yields, as well as on the concentration of phenolic compounds and on the values of antioxidant activity for both leaves. In the case of the pitangueira leaves, the condition determined as the most appropriate was the drying done at 60 ° C and 60 minutes, since higher yields, phenolic compound concentrations and antioxidant activity values were obtained. In addition, in this condition also the lowest energy expenditure for the removal of moisture was reached. In the case of olive leaves, the best drying condition was 50 ° C and 180 minutes for the extraction yield and 60 ° C and 120 minutes for the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, showing that the drying conditions are very important in extraction of bioactive compounds via supercritical dioxide carbon extraction.
Segurança viária em trechos urbanos de rodovias federais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-11)
Carmo, Cássio Leandro do
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0723555258294687
This thesis analyzed road safety of urban stretches of Brazilian federal highways, in an evaluation that involved the verification of occurrence of victims of crashes together with geometric conditions, signaling and pavement of the highways, and characteristics of urban areas. For the development of this work, accident records by the Federal Highway Police (PRF), and data on pavement, geometry and traffic signaling conditions, according to the methodology of the National Transportation Confederation (CNT), were used. Concepts based on the Safe System approach were utilized for the delimitation of accidents, which considers that traffic accidents, when they occur, should not cause serious or fatal victims. In the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina there were, in absolute numbers per state, the highest numbers of victims between 2010 and 2014. Espírito Santo presented the worst rates of injured and fatal victims per 100,000 inhabitants and per 10,000 vehicles, while Amazonas and São Paulo had the best performances. Throughout Brazil, 3,178 federal highway segments were found in urban areas with the occurrence of at least one seriously injured or fatal victim. The 64 most critical stretches were identified. It was found that most of these critical segments are in large urban areas, and many were in very good condition. This result demonstrates that other variables, such as composition and volume of traffic, can contribute decisively to the most serious accidents. By means of a proportional stratified sample of 118 stretches, a primary relation was found between the number of victims and stretches with regular road infrastructure conditions inserted in urban centers with greater area of influence and high Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). The Poisson regression showed higher values of the Prevalence Ratio (PR) for poor road sign, good geometry and regular pavement, in the disaggregated analysis of road factors.
Catalisadores de Ni suportados em óxidos sintetizados com líquido iônico: atividade catalítica na tri-reforma do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-11)
Anchieta, Chayene Gonçalves
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8800814311499259
Tri-reforming reaction is a new method to use and convert CO2 from industrial plants effluents. The tri-reforming involved reactions are two endothermic reactions, the steam and dry reforming and the partial methane oxidation that is an exothermic reaction. Natural gas as a feedstock to tri-reforming is an alternative to use CO2, a H2O e o O2 without any separation process. Find new materials and improve the existents catalysts that are stable during the temperature oscillations and the comprehension of active catalysts during the tri-reforming reaction are relevant. Ni catalysts are the most used in reforming reactions. However, it has low thermal and mechanic stability and as a consequence are deactivated. Looking to this way the focus of this research is to obtain Ni catalysts supported in ZrO2 and CeO2, synthesized by unusual routes owing an improvement of supports to enhance the catalytic performance of Ni. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TPR-H2, TPD-CO2, TPD-NH3, FTIR, TGA, TEM and SEM. The catalytic performance was analyzed using the tri-reforming reaction, measuring the CH4 and CO2 and the syngas formed. The first thesis core is the ionic liquid synthesis which the objective was synthesize the organic materials. The ionic liquids were synthesized using solvothermal route and were characterized by DSC, MNR 1H and 13C, CHN elementary analysis and FTIR. The second has as objective synthesize zirconium polymorphous, in which monoclinic and tetragonal phases were obtained by ionothermal route. After analyze the synthesis conditions influence in the support phases, then nickel catalysts were synthesized by wet impregnation. TPR-H2 were performed to understand the influence of zirconium polymorphous in the Ni dispersion. In situ characterization were used to investigate the transitions states and the catalysts stability in the reaction atmosphere. According to the ionic liquid composition in the support synthesis the tetragonal ZrO2 phase stabilization occurs and an improvement in Ni dispersion was observed which improved the catalytic performance of Ni/ZrO2 catalysts. The third thesis core refers to CeO2 and Ni/CeO2 synthesis and characterization and the analysis of catalytic performance of these materials. We analyzed the influence of synthesis conditions in the CeO2 support formation. The Ni/CeO2 catalysts were obtained by wet impregnation. TPR-H2 measurements showed different Ni dispersion according with the CeO2 supports synthesized even any phase transitions were detected by XRD. In situ characterization showed different stability according to the catalysts tested and the reaction atmosphere. In the last chapter the catalysts used in this research was compared each other. For both, Ni/ZrO2 a Ni/CeO2, the support synthesis route has influence in the metal dispersion and metal crystallite size. The catalytic performance was different according synthesis route and independently of basicity and oxygen vacancies of the support used, in tri-reforming reaction the most important variable is Ni0 crystallite size.
Os efeitos do gênero e do histórico de Informantes na confiança seletiva de crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Messias, Ana Carolina
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Souza, Débora de Hollanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8449019704840844
Although children use other people’s testimony to learn, recent evidence suggests they do it in a critical manner, trusting their informants selectively. The present study investigated which criterion was privileged by children when deciding whom to trust in novel learning situations – how reliable the informant has been in the past (i.e., his reliability record) or his/her gender. Sixty-three children participated in the study – 32 boys and 31 girls, and they were distributed into two age groups: 3- (M = 3 yrs and 5 mos; SD = 4,3 mos) and 4-year-olds (M = 4 yrs and 5 mos; SD = 5,3 mos). Their vocabulary was assessed by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT; Brazilian version) and a selective trust task, used in a previous study conducted with U.S. children, was administered. The task was divided into a familiarization phase, and a test phase. During the familiarization phase, children were presented with scenes involving two actors (i.e., informants) labeling familiar objects (i.e., a lamp, a bowl, a coat, a dog). One of these informants was always male and the other female. Participants were distributed into four different conditions. In the first condition (C1), the female informant always labeled the objects correctly, but the male informant labeled incorrectly on every trial. In the second condition (C2), the female informant provided inaccurate labels for all familiar objects, whereas the male informant labeled them accurately every time. In a third condition (C3), both informants provided correct names for the objects. Finally, in the fourth condition (C4), both informants labeled the four objects inaccurately. During the test phase, novel objects were presented and each informant was asked to label them (e.g., one names it “tuma” and the other says it is a “danu”). Results were consistent with prior findings from international studies and they suggest that children tend to prefer the more reliable informant (75% in C1 e 68,7% in C2), regardless of gender. Additionally, when the informants have both proven to be reliable, children preferred the same gender informant (53,3% in C3 e 68,75% in C4). More broadly, these results can add to the existing data from other countries that shows that even young children (3-year-olds) discriminate good and bad informants and select the more reliable when learning something new. More specifically contrary to what many believe, children do not believe everything they hear. At the same time, the present work suggests that selective trust judgments can be influenced by different traits of informants, including gender.
A Universidade como território de conflitos socioculturais entre as comunidades indígena e não indígena
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Bracciali, Marcia Regina Pires
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Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian
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Sola, Fernanda
Throughout history, indigenous peoples have fought an intense struggle for recognition and respect: first by right to the possession of their original territories; later, for independence and self-management over them. To this end, driven by public education and inclusion policies, indigenous communities have sought higher education institutions aimed at training indigenous teachers and capacity building training in various technological areas. With the arrival of this population, the university campus evolved into a place of multicultural contact, becoming a place of conflicting situations, both visible and invisible. This study, developed at the Sorocaba Campus of the Federal University of São Carlos, aims to identify elements in the university environment linked to the social, historical and cultural context that affect social relations between indigenous and non-indigenous communities and to point out possible directions for actions to minimize these conflicts. The aim is to encourage better conditions for the welcome reception and permanence of indigenous students so that they complete their education, which together with the academic knowledge acquired in accordance with their traditional knowledge and values, will positively impact the life of their communities.
Estudo geológico e geotécnico de depósito antropogênico de resíduos na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Oliveira, Vinicius Gustavo de
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Menezes, Denise Balestrero
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7102824100650189
Since ancient times, mankind to develop, has explored the physical environment, causing various changes in the planet, changing sedimentation rates, creating artificial grounds, or even generating voids in excavated areas, called deposits and manmade grounds. Among these deposits are the urban soils, formed in urbanized areas and that have their origin linked to the anthropic action. Although these deposits have become increasingly numerous, their geotechnical and geological properties are still unknown. The objective of this work is to survey the geological and geotechnical characteristics of an anthropogenic area, which consists of an area that was landed with constructional waste, as well other types of waste. As methodological, a bibliometric analysis was first carried out, to understand the evolution of the anthropogenic deposit approaches; bibliographic survey; digital image analysis; mapping of the manmade grounds that occur in the study area; geotechnical field tests in the areas of natural soil, surface residues and landfills of construction waste, with dynamic penetrometer, infiltration tests, electrical resistivity (geophysics), characterization of wastes. It was possible to delimit the area of occurrence of construction and demolition waste landfill, determine its depth, contextualize the evolution, and to determine the characteristics of this surface area. The waste in the landfill area has been contributing to the formation of contaminant plumes. Also, the discharge of sewage into the Água Quente stream has generated a deep plume of contaminants, capable of reaching the deep wells of groundwater captation. As the natural soils, and the materials of the landfill area have draining characteristics, it is concluded that the site is not ideal place to a construction waste landfill.
Modelos preditivos comportamentais para otimização de despacho de táxis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Otsuka, Breno José Bueno
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Vivaldini, Kelen Cristiane Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5245409138233148
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040361956015383
The popularization of smartphones has given rise to several online taxi-booking applications as a more efficient way to call for a taxi. These applications mediate communication between passengers and taxi drivers, reducing the waiting time of passengers and increasing the reliability of the service. This intermediation consists of the Taxi-Passenger Matching Problem, whose goal is to select the best taxi driver for each passenger, and to solve this problem a taxi dispatch method is used. In this context, the challenge arises to adapt this method to the interests and needs of users. Thus, in this work, a multi-passenger approach was proposed that used users' prediction of behavior with the goal of maximizing the rate of successful assignments. For this, two predictive models were trained using Supervised Machine Learning methods (Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosted Decision Trees), one to estimate the probability of a taxi driver accepting the offer of a request and another to estimate the probability of a request being answered by a taxi driver. In addition, two objective functions, one linear and one non-linear, were implemented to evaluate offer distributions. A heuristic was used for each of the functions, and for the linear it was guaranteed the optimal solution and for the non-linear one not. We also implemented two selection criteria, one based on cancellation of requests by passengers and another by waiting time of users. In numerical simulations with data from the capital of São Paulo made available by Easy Taxi, the proposed taxi dispatching method was tested. The results indicated that the predictive model of acceptance was superior to that of attendance with the objective function non-linear and inferior to linear, in addition it was verified that the selection criterion based on cancellation was slightly superior to the one based on waiting time. The best attendance rate was 74.76% with the predictive model of acceptance with the nonlinear function and the criterion of selection by cancellation. Finally, it was tested the repetition of requests not offered or not accepted, obtaining 76.59% of attendance.
Gestão dos riscos ocupacionais no manejo do lodo de estações de tratamento de esgotos e a NBR ISO 31000
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Silva, Alysson Rogerio da
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Achon, Cali Laguna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0307406069325793
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1016482037380023
The wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) performance a crucial role in maintaining the health of the population by treating domestic sewage and returning treated effluent to the water sources. However, generate a considerable amount of sewage sludge and this solid waste must be destined, through recovery, reuse or recycling, or disposed as waste in landfill, when all destination possibilities are exhausted, as provided by National Policy on Solid Waste. The costs related to the management of sewage sludge can represent 60% of the operational costs of the WWTP. In addition, sewage sludge can be dangerous to human health and workers who act directly or indirectly in their management are exposed to various occupational risks. This research objects to analyses the relationship between the sewage sludge management and their occupational risks, through a risk management proposal, based on ISO 31000, which apply methods of identification, analysis, assessment and control of occupational risks in two medium-sized WWTP in the interior of São Paulo state, using different technologies, conventional activated sludge and UASB anaerobic reactors. Among the main occupational risks assessed, were considered critical the exposure to pathogenic microorganisms dispersed in the air and in direct accidental contact, and the risk of accidental drives of equipment during maintenance. It can be seen that there is still a lot of resistance both from employees and from employers about health and safety at work. Much is due to cultural and social factors, and therefore, there will always be a need to update legal instruments and intensify surveillance. In addition, it is necessary to promote, on a frequent basis, the awareness of employees and, especially, of employers, discussing the role of managers of basic sanitation services, especially in the treatment of sewage, in the process of development of work safety culture in the companies.
Comportamento de preços na revenda do etanol e da gasolina na cidade de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Pistelli, Ana Carolina Martins Alves
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Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214
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Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and regulation of the fuel retail market in order to analyze the behavior of the prices practiced by retailers of liquid fuel (Hydrous Ethanol and Gasoline C) and, thus, understand the strategic behavior of these agents in order to identify signs of spatial dependence and of rivalry and/or cooperation. On the competitive aspect, it is possible to conclude that the market of liquid fuel is composed of many fuel retailers, although the competitive strategy lies with few agents, in other words, the major distributors define the main strategies related to brand recognition, additional services and pricing. Jointly with the significant barriers to institutional entry, the sprayed demand and the active presence of the unions and associations, such aspects could facilitate the exercise of market power, thereby reducing social/economic welfare. The empirical analysis uses data of hydrous ethanol and gasoline C in the city of Sorocaba, between January 2014 and June 2017. The analysis of the behavioral pattern of fuel retail in a spatial context, that is, the interaction between the change in fuel prices at a given gas station and its influence on and/by the events at neighboring gas stations and the findings for both fuels, hydrous ethanol and gasoline C, shows the existence of a spatial relationship among prices practiced by retail establishment in the city. In other words, a change in the price of ethanol or gasoline by a gas station dealer influences the prices of those fuel at neighboring stations, and the results also indicate that the closer the gas stations are located, the greater the impact on price changing by a neighboring gas station. In sequence, the temporal analysis of prices allowed to verify the existence of long-term relation between resale prices and to identify the direction and value of those reactions. Although it is not possible to establish a behavioral pattern for all the gas stations, in general, regarding the bilateral price reaction by ethanol and gasoline retail sales, the end result of this study indicates greater signs of cooperation rather than of competition among resellers on their price setting. It is worth mentioning, however, that in this study, the signs of cooperation verified through the analysis of the elasticity of the response from neighboring resellers on the price settings do not mean cartelized behavior among the resellers that were analyzed.
Modelos de difusão de inovação em grafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Oliveira, Karina Bindandi Emboaba de
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Rodriguez, Pablo Martin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6412853511887386
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198883875528090
Areas such as politics, economics and marketing are heavily influential in terms of information diffusion. For this reason, several branches of science have studied such phenomena in order to simulate and understand them by mathematical and/or stochastic models. In this context, this phd project aims to generalize innovation diffusion models that there is in the literature. The first model uses the social reinforcement mechanism for diffusion of innovation and which was built for the complete graph. In this case, we consider a finite population, closed, totally mixed and subdivided into four classes of individuals called ignorants, aware, adopters and abandoner of innovation. We prove a Law of Large Numbers and a Central Limit Theorem for the proportion of the population who have never heard about the innovation and those who know about ir but they have not adopted it yet. In addition, we also obtain result for the convergence of the maximum of adopter in a stochastic interval, as well as the instant of time that the process reaches that state. For this study, we used results of the theory of density dependent Markov chains. Furthermore, we formulated a stochastic model with structure stages to describe the phenomenon of innovation diffusion in a structured population. More precisely, we proposed a continuous time Markov chain defined in a population represented by the d-dimensional integer lattice. Each individual of the population must be in some of the M + 1 states belonging to the set {0,1,2,...,M}. In this sense, 0 stands for ignorant, i for i in {1,...,M-1} for aware in stage i and M for adopter. The arguments, that allow to obtain sufficient conditions under which the innovation either becomes extinct or survives with positive probability, are studied.
Casa de mulher: os circuitos cotidianos de cuidado, dinheiro e violência em São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Pinho, Isabela Vianna
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8456385586564537
This dissertation shows us how state, gender, economy, kinship and family are produced and connected in everyday life. Here, I analyze the forms that Maria, Bela, Ana and Rosa dwell to ordinary life. Residents of a neighborhood promoted by the federal program Minha Casa, Minha Vida in São Carlos/SP, the four women are also (or were) holders of the Bolsa Família program. Research shows that the two politics are one among other possible universes of meaning by which they move. The text is divided into two parts. In the first, I argue that the processes of life and of houses, as well as the ways of living and houses, are entangled in everyday life; also show how the past are embedded in the present and extraordinary events are embedded in the ordinary. In a second moment, I argue that the house can only be thought of in configuration, that is, it only exists in relation. Thus, in the last chapters I describe three everyday circuits - of care, money and violence - that mutually shape the configuration of houses. By looking at such circuits, it is possible to analyze the flows of objects and people as well as the relationships of violence and conflict within and between houses. In addition, the circuits demonstrate that there is an intersection between supposed antinomies such as money and intimacy; economic domain and affection; life and economy; home and work; reproduction and production. As a methodological and analytical strategy, I argue that an ethnography of 'woman's house' in configuration allows one to see the 'between'; that is, it makes it possible to capture sociological phenomenon relationally. What will be seen here will be lines that expose the offal put into practice by Maria, Bela, Ana and Rosa to make the world habitable again with each new event.
Elaboração de uma história em quadrinhos utilizando tópicos de Física para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12)
Lorençon, Bruno Darros
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Souza, James Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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Benedetti Filho, Edemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5963704923612696
In this work we present the elaboration of a comic book as a complementary material for the Physics teacher, whose plot takes place in an amusement park, where the characters experience situations in which some specific physical concepts are worked through the story. Subjects were chosen on Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, optics in mirrors and the double-slit experiment. The educational product resulting from this master's degree was applied to students of the three high school series of a State School, located in the state of São Paulo. The application of the developed material was performed after the theoretical presentation of the physical contents involved in the respective classroom of the High School serving as an introduction to the Comics. One of the main objectives of this work is, through play, to encourage students to read in order to improve motivation and the study of science in Basic Education, such as Physics. The purpose is to increase students' interest for more elaborate readings of the concepts worked. To collect a feedback from learners about their overall satisfaction with our approach we performed the verification of the frequency with which the students read didactic books or other literary genres and also if the genre worked, approaching concepts of Physics, was to the liking of the same ones. Those were done through a questionnaire and discussions during the application of the material. The discussions were recorded in audio. The material analyzed suggests that there was a greater understanding of the concepts of Physics using the Comics, which also contributed to improve the interaction among students in the classroom making the environment more pleasant and motivating for the treatment of Physics classes. The educational product developed has the format of a comic book containing the explanation of all the respective concepts of Physics addressed in the situations experienced by the characters of the story, being written in a language accessible to all Physics teachers of High School.
Georges Canguilhem: o devir de um pensamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-15)
Souto, Caio Augusto Teixeira
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Fonseca, Thelma Silveira da Mota Lessa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2955946094601264
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3331693841423923
This thesis recomposes the whole trajectory of Georges Canguilhem's thought, seeking to demonstrate the unpredictability of the mutations occurred in his work, as well as the originality of each reformulation with which he solved the problems posed, without ever erasing the conservation of an inheritance from previous periods. It is divided into four chapters, each of which has prioritized an external event as the index of modification of his philosophy. The first chapter (1926-1939) begins by reconstituting the influence of Alain and the Wertphilosophie on him, having as a mark of change the political events that led to the World War II, which will lead Canguilhem to break with the pacifism of his first master and to constitute an axiological pluralism that goes beyond the neo-kantism. The second chapter (1940-1956) chooses as an event his incursion in the medical field, which had been initiated a few years before, but that will have its consequences with the publication of his three theses (1943, 1952, 1955), in which he reelaborates his philosophy of values inserting now the life as value coordinating other values. Between the second and the third analyzed periods, Canguilhem begins to use concepts of the bachelardian epistemology in the practice of the history of sciences, which will allow him to approach the event that we will analyze in the third chapter in a new way. Thus, the third chapter (1957-1966) prioritizes the rupture resulted from the advent of genetics in the field of life sciences, which will require a rectification of the concept of life by Canguilhem and that he will do by conceiving this novelty in biology as an “epistemological rupture”. The fourth and last chapter (1966-1995) analyzes an event in the sphere of social and human sciences in France, especially with the works of Althusser and Foucault. Canguilhem formulates a last concept of “scientific ideology”, which will allow him to respond to his young colleagues and reinvigorate the loan he had already made to Bachelard's historical epistemology, and also to reexamine his entire past work. In this way, the philosophy in which Canguilhem's work culminates can be defined as: a pluralism of values (Chapter 1), coordinated in terms of a rationalist vitalism (Chapter 2), which draws on the results gathered from a historical epistemology of the life sciences (Chapter 3), with the purpose of reformulating the philosophical status of man as a living being, investigating the practical conditions of possibility for a pedagogy of healing (Chapter 4).
O Grau de Coincidência e aplicação às equações diferenciais ordinárias periódicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-15)
Amorim, Rafael Toledo
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Presoto, Adilson Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6788916708841254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939564799919304
In this work, we will present the coincident degree theory for Fredholm operators of index zero - denoted by L and defined on Banach spaces -, which is an important tool to obtain the existence of solutions for equations of the type Lx=Nx in an open bounded set Omega, N being a L-compact operator. Throughout this theory, we will investigate the existence of solutions of an Ambrosetti-Prodi periodic problem for non-linear ordinary differential equations. In order to apply the topological degree in such problem, obtaining a priori estimates for possible solutions will be of great importance.
Dançar fechando: etnografia da Escola de Dança FUNCEB de Salvador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-16)
Ramos, Yasmine Ávila
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Wierre-Gore, Georgiana
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6524550403248341
Bodies and dances are the key elements to understand this work: together, they create mouvements. These bodies move, learn, are modified, create; dances inform, expose, are updated. These two elements are together in a social space that disposes of particular dynamics that pass through it. But the bodies and the danses also create tonalities inside this space of learnership, FUNCEB’s dance school located in Pelourinho’s historical center. The movement in then to inform and be informed, to reproduce and to create, while also experimenting dance’s aspects that go beyond learning on class ou becoming a dancer professional. Dancers are continually being created, and they concatenate in theirs selves all these influences.
Respostas metabólicas e inflamatórias em sessão do método Treinamento Corretivo Postural (TCP)®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-17)
Rodrigues, Carla Nascimento dos Santos
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2747289455460487
Corrective Postural Training (TCP) ® is a gymnastic method with variability of movements that aims at postural control, metabolic changes and improvement in the quality of life of its participants. However, few studies have analyzed the behavior of physiological and metabolic variables in relation to the acute session of the modality. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of a session of the method (TCP)® on the concentration of lactate, glycemia, lipid profile (Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol (CT), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and Creatin Kinase (CK) in human serum. active and healthy men without prior method experience. Sixteen adult and active men underwent for 40 minutes procedure (TCP) ® session. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention to perform the dosages of: CK, lipid profile and IL-6 and TNF-α. For glycemia and lactacidemia analysis, samples were collected before, during and immediately after the session. The data were analyzed using the statistical software IBM® SPSS®. Results are expressed as mean and standard deviation. Statistical comparisons were performed using a one-way ANOVA and Paired Test-t for parametric data, and Wilcoxon's test for non-parametric data, being considered significant p <0.05. The main results showed that the (TCP) ® evaluated session promotes maintenance in the glycemic levels and significant increases in blood lactate at times 20 and 30 'compared to time 40'. The variables CT and LDL increased immediately after the session. However, the changes were insignificant for fractions of HDL, TG and VLDL. In addition, changes were found for neutrophil and eosinophil concentrations immediately after the session. Finally, cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were not altered immediately after the session; as well as levels of CK 24hs after the protocol was performed. Thus, it was concluded that the (TCP)® session evaluated presented moderate intensity with predominance of the oxidative system and non-strenuous metabolic stimulus. The session presented maintenance of glycemic levels and alterations in mean lactate levels in relation to the involved musculature. As for the inflammatory profile, the session presented low inflammatory grade and low muscle damage, which makes it a session option for the beginning of a training protocol or as a regenerative approach after strenuous efforts.
Aplicação de métodos para avaliação de Planos de Saneamento: estudo de caso em cinco municípios de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-17)
Albuquerque, Leilane Renovato
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Ventura, Katia Sakihama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1517065557032661
Brazil faced accelerated urbanization without sanitation planning. This process evidenced deficiencies in the sanitation sector, directly affecting the quality of life and health of the population and generating impacts to the environment. Given this scenario, the planning of service delivery and the achievement of efficiency and effectiveness in their management become the premises for the search for universal access. Federal Law 11445/2007 defines the Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan (PMSB) as the main planning and management tool for the sector. The objective of the present study was to evaluate five PMSBs based on indicators and indices. The research included a review of the literature on sanitation plans (stage 1), reading and interpretation of five selected plans (step 2), application of a method to evaluate the content of the plans (Quality Index - IQ) and their performance (Audit Index - IA) in relation to the defined goals and objectives. The method proposed by the Ministry of Cities was applied in a comparative way to the selected one, in order to observe the potentialities and limitations of each instrument (step 3). The intention of the study was to observe deficient information that deserves to be detailed in the plans. The main results indicated that the documents analyzed partially meet the requirements of the Sanitation Law. The IQ has identified that some issues (social participation, service diagnosis, goals, actions and environmental education) are adequately addressed in the content of the plans. Institutional development presented itself as a weak point in all evaluated plans. The Ministry of Cities method has identified that all the documents analyzed need improvement (compatibility with other plans, absence of schematic drawings or sketches for technical engineering solutions for sanitation service systems and identification of the low-income population).