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A Universidade como território de conflitos socioculturais entre as comunidades indígena e não indígena
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Bracciali, Marcia Regina Pires; Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian; Sola, Fernanda
Throughout history, indigenous peoples have fought an intense struggle for recognition and respect: first by right to the possession of their original territories; later, for independence and self-management over them. To this end, driven by public education and inclusion policies, indigenous communities have sought higher education institutions aimed at training indigenous teachers and capacity building training in various technological areas. With the arrival of this population, the university campus evolved into a place of multicultural contact, becoming a place of conflicting situations, both visible and invisible. This study, developed at the Sorocaba Campus of the Federal University of São Carlos, aims to identify elements in the university environment linked to the social, historical and cultural context that affect social relations between indigenous and non-indigenous communities and to point out possible directions for actions to minimize these conflicts. The aim is to encourage better conditions for the welcome reception and permanence of indigenous students so that they complete their education, which together with the academic knowledge acquired in accordance with their traditional knowledge and values, will positively impact the life of their communities.
Modelos preditivos comportamentais para otimização de despacho de táxis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Otsuka, Breno José Bueno; Vivaldini, Kelen Cristiane Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5245409138233148; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040361956015383
The popularization of smartphones has given rise to several online taxi-booking applications as a more efficient way to call for a taxi. These applications mediate communication between passengers and taxi drivers, reducing the waiting time of passengers and increasing the reliability of the service. This intermediation consists of the Taxi-Passenger Matching Problem, whose goal is to select the best taxi driver for each passenger, and to solve this problem a taxi dispatch method is used. In this context, the challenge arises to adapt this method to the interests and needs of users. Thus, in this work, a multi-passenger approach was proposed that used users' prediction of behavior with the goal of maximizing the rate of successful assignments. For this, two predictive models were trained using Supervised Machine Learning methods (Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosted Decision Trees), one to estimate the probability of a taxi driver accepting the offer of a request and another to estimate the probability of a request being answered by a taxi driver. In addition, two objective functions, one linear and one non-linear, were implemented to evaluate offer distributions. A heuristic was used for each of the functions, and for the linear it was guaranteed the optimal solution and for the non-linear one not. We also implemented two selection criteria, one based on cancellation of requests by passengers and another by waiting time of users. In numerical simulations with data from the capital of São Paulo made available by Easy Taxi, the proposed taxi dispatching method was tested. The results indicated that the predictive model of acceptance was superior to that of attendance with the objective function non-linear and inferior to linear, in addition it was verified that the selection criterion based on cancellation was slightly superior to the one based on waiting time. The best attendance rate was 74.76% with the predictive model of acceptance with the nonlinear function and the criterion of selection by cancellation. Finally, it was tested the repetition of requests not offered or not accepted, obtaining 76.59% of attendance.
Modelos de difusão de inovação em grafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Oliveira, Karina Bindandi Emboaba de; Rodriguez, Pablo Martin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6412853511887386; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198883875528090
Areas such as politics, economics and marketing are heavily influential in terms of information diffusion. For this reason, several branches of science have studied such phenomena in order to simulate and understand them by mathematical and/or stochastic models. In this context, this phd project aims to generalize innovation diffusion models that there is in the literature. The first model uses the social reinforcement mechanism for diffusion of innovation and which was built for the complete graph. In this case, we consider a finite population, closed, totally mixed and subdivided into four classes of individuals called ignorants, aware, adopters and abandoner of innovation. We prove a Law of Large Numbers and a Central Limit Theorem for the proportion of the population who have never heard about the innovation and those who know about ir but they have not adopted it yet. In addition, we also obtain result for the convergence of the maximum of adopter in a stochastic interval, as well as the instant of time that the process reaches that state. For this study, we used results of the theory of density dependent Markov chains. Furthermore, we formulated a stochastic model with structure stages to describe the phenomenon of innovation diffusion in a structured population. More precisely, we proposed a continuous time Markov chain defined in a population represented by the d-dimensional integer lattice. Each individual of the population must be in some of the M + 1 states belonging to the set {0,1,2,...,M}. In this sense, 0 stands for ignorant, i for i in {1,...,M-1} for aware in stage i and M for adopter. The arguments, that allow to obtain sufficient conditions under which the innovation either becomes extinct or survives with positive probability, are studied.
Gestão dos riscos ocupacionais no manejo do lodo de estações de tratamento de esgotos e a NBR ISO 31000
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Silva, Alysson Rogerio da; Achon, Cali Laguna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0307406069325793; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1016482037380023
The wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) performance a crucial role in maintaining the health of the population by treating domestic sewage and returning treated effluent to the water sources. However, generate a considerable amount of sewage sludge and this solid waste must be destined, through recovery, reuse or recycling, or disposed as waste in landfill, when all destination possibilities are exhausted, as provided by National Policy on Solid Waste. The costs related to the management of sewage sludge can represent 60% of the operational costs of the WWTP. In addition, sewage sludge can be dangerous to human health and workers who act directly or indirectly in their management are exposed to various occupational risks. This research objects to analyses the relationship between the sewage sludge management and their occupational risks, through a risk management proposal, based on ISO 31000, which apply methods of identification, analysis, assessment and control of occupational risks in two medium-sized WWTP in the interior of São Paulo state, using different technologies, conventional activated sludge and UASB anaerobic reactors. Among the main occupational risks assessed, were considered critical the exposure to pathogenic microorganisms dispersed in the air and in direct accidental contact, and the risk of accidental drives of equipment during maintenance. It can be seen that there is still a lot of resistance both from employees and from employers about health and safety at work. Much is due to cultural and social factors, and therefore, there will always be a need to update legal instruments and intensify surveillance. In addition, it is necessary to promote, on a frequent basis, the awareness of employees and, especially, of employers, discussing the role of managers of basic sanitation services, especially in the treatment of sewage, in the process of development of work safety culture in the companies.
Comportamento de preços na revenda do etanol e da gasolina na cidade de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Pistelli, Ana Carolina Martins Alves; Figueiredo, Adelson Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214; Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9796501136221411
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and regulation of the fuel retail market in order to analyze the behavior of the prices practiced by retailers of liquid fuel (Hydrous Ethanol and Gasoline C) and, thus, understand the strategic behavior of these agents in order to identify signs of spatial dependence and of rivalry and/or cooperation. On the competitive aspect, it is possible to conclude that the market of liquid fuel is composed of many fuel retailers, although the competitive strategy lies with few agents, in other words, the major distributors define the main strategies related to brand recognition, additional services and pricing. Jointly with the significant barriers to institutional entry, the sprayed demand and the active presence of the unions and associations, such aspects could facilitate the exercise of market power, thereby reducing social/economic welfare. The empirical analysis uses data of hydrous ethanol and gasoline C in the city of Sorocaba, between January 2014 and June 2017. The analysis of the behavioral pattern of fuel retail in a spatial context, that is, the interaction between the change in fuel prices at a given gas station and its influence on and/by the events at neighboring gas stations and the findings for both fuels, hydrous ethanol and gasoline C, shows the existence of a spatial relationship among prices practiced by retail establishment in the city. In other words, a change in the price of ethanol or gasoline by a gas station dealer influences the prices of those fuel at neighboring stations, and the results also indicate that the closer the gas stations are located, the greater the impact on price changing by a neighboring gas station. In sequence, the temporal analysis of prices allowed to verify the existence of long-term relation between resale prices and to identify the direction and value of those reactions. Although it is not possible to establish a behavioral pattern for all the gas stations, in general, regarding the bilateral price reaction by ethanol and gasoline retail sales, the end result of this study indicates greater signs of cooperation rather than of competition among resellers on their price setting. It is worth mentioning, however, that in this study, the signs of cooperation verified through the analysis of the elasticity of the response from neighboring resellers on the price settings do not mean cartelized behavior among the resellers that were analyzed.
Estudo geológico e geotécnico de depósito antropogênico de resíduos na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Oliveira, Vinicius Gustavo de; Menezes, Denise Balestrero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7102824100650189
Since ancient times, mankind to develop, has explored the physical environment, causing various changes in the planet, changing sedimentation rates, creating artificial grounds, or even generating voids in excavated areas, called deposits and manmade grounds. Among these deposits are the urban soils, formed in urbanized areas and that have their origin linked to the anthropic action. Although these deposits have become increasingly numerous, their geotechnical and geological properties are still unknown. The objective of this work is to survey the geological and geotechnical characteristics of an anthropogenic area, which consists of an area that was landed with constructional waste, as well other types of waste. As methodological, a bibliometric analysis was first carried out, to understand the evolution of the anthropogenic deposit approaches; bibliographic survey; digital image analysis; mapping of the manmade grounds that occur in the study area; geotechnical field tests in the areas of natural soil, surface residues and landfills of construction waste, with dynamic penetrometer, infiltration tests, electrical resistivity (geophysics), characterization of wastes. It was possible to delimit the area of occurrence of construction and demolition waste landfill, determine its depth, contextualize the evolution, and to determine the characteristics of this surface area. The waste in the landfill area has been contributing to the formation of contaminant plumes. Also, the discharge of sewage into the Água Quente stream has generated a deep plume of contaminants, capable of reaching the deep wells of groundwater captation. As the natural soils, and the materials of the landfill area have draining characteristics, it is concluded that the site is not ideal place to a construction waste landfill.
Casa de mulher: os circuitos cotidianos de cuidado, dinheiro e violência em São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Pinho, Isabela Vianna; Feltran, Gabriel de Santis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8456385586564537
This dissertation shows us how state, gender, economy, kinship and family are produced and connected in everyday life. Here, I analyze the forms that Maria, Bela, Ana and Rosa dwell to ordinary life. Residents of a neighborhood promoted by the federal program Minha Casa, Minha Vida in São Carlos/SP, the four women are also (or were) holders of the Bolsa Família program. Research shows that the two politics are one among other possible universes of meaning by which they move. The text is divided into two parts. In the first, I argue that the processes of life and of houses, as well as the ways of living and houses, are entangled in everyday life; also show how the past are embedded in the present and extraordinary events are embedded in the ordinary. In a second moment, I argue that the house can only be thought of in configuration, that is, it only exists in relation. Thus, in the last chapters I describe three everyday circuits - of care, money and violence - that mutually shape the configuration of houses. By looking at such circuits, it is possible to analyze the flows of objects and people as well as the relationships of violence and conflict within and between houses. In addition, the circuits demonstrate that there is an intersection between supposed antinomies such as money and intimacy; economic domain and affection; life and economy; home and work; reproduction and production. As a methodological and analytical strategy, I argue that an ethnography of 'woman's house' in configuration allows one to see the 'between'; that is, it makes it possible to capture sociological phenomenon relationally. What will be seen here will be lines that expose the offal put into practice by Maria, Bela, Ana and Rosa to make the world habitable again with each new event.
Elaboração de uma história em quadrinhos utilizando tópicos de Física para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Lorençon, Bruno Darros; Souza, James Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011; Benedetti Filho, Edemar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5963704923612696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2046106727000548
In this work we present the elaboration of a comic book as a complementary material for the Physics teacher, whose plot takes place in an amusement park, where the characters experience situations in which some specific physical concepts are worked through the story. Subjects were chosen on Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, optics in mirrors and the double-slit experiment. The educational product resulting from this master's degree was applied to students of the three high school series of a State School, located in the state of São Paulo. The application of the developed material was performed after the theoretical presentation of the physical contents involved in the respective classroom of the High School serving as an introduction to the Comics. One of the main objectives of this work is, through play, to encourage students to read in order to improve motivation and the study of science in Basic Education, such as Physics. The purpose is to increase students' interest for more elaborate readings of the concepts worked. To collect a feedback from learners about their overall satisfaction with our approach we performed the verification of the frequency with which the students read didactic books or other literary genres and also if the genre worked, approaching concepts of Physics, was to the liking of the same ones. Those were done through a questionnaire and discussions during the application of the material. The discussions were recorded in audio. The material analyzed suggests that there was a greater understanding of the concepts of Physics using the Comics, which also contributed to improve the interaction among students in the classroom making the environment more pleasant and motivating for the treatment of Physics classes. The educational product developed has the format of a comic book containing the explanation of all the respective concepts of Physics addressed in the situations experienced by the characters of the story, being written in a language accessible to all Physics teachers of High School.
Os efeitos do gênero e do histórico de Informantes na confiança seletiva de crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-12) Messias, Ana Carolina; Souza, Débora de Hollanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8449019704840844
Although children use other people’s testimony to learn, recent evidence suggests they do it in a critical manner, trusting their informants selectively. The present study investigated which criterion was privileged by children when deciding whom to trust in novel learning situations – how reliable the informant has been in the past (i.e., his reliability record) or his/her gender. Sixty-three children participated in the study – 32 boys and 31 girls, and they were distributed into two age groups: 3- (M = 3 yrs and 5 mos; SD = 4,3 mos) and 4-year-olds (M = 4 yrs and 5 mos; SD = 5,3 mos). Their vocabulary was assessed by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT; Brazilian version) and a selective trust task, used in a previous study conducted with U.S. children, was administered. The task was divided into a familiarization phase, and a test phase. During the familiarization phase, children were presented with scenes involving two actors (i.e., informants) labeling familiar objects (i.e., a lamp, a bowl, a coat, a dog). One of these informants was always male and the other female. Participants were distributed into four different conditions. In the first condition (C1), the female informant always labeled the objects correctly, but the male informant labeled incorrectly on every trial. In the second condition (C2), the female informant provided inaccurate labels for all familiar objects, whereas the male informant labeled them accurately every time. In a third condition (C3), both informants provided correct names for the objects. Finally, in the fourth condition (C4), both informants labeled the four objects inaccurately. During the test phase, novel objects were presented and each informant was asked to label them (e.g., one names it “tuma” and the other says it is a “danu”). Results were consistent with prior findings from international studies and they suggest that children tend to prefer the more reliable informant (75% in C1 e 68,7% in C2), regardless of gender. Additionally, when the informants have both proven to be reliable, children preferred the same gender informant (53,3% in C3 e 68,75% in C4). More broadly, these results can add to the existing data from other countries that shows that even young children (3-year-olds) discriminate good and bad informants and select the more reliable when learning something new. More specifically contrary to what many believe, children do not believe everything they hear. At the same time, the present work suggests that selective trust judgments can be influenced by different traits of informants, including gender.