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Comparação do esquema de imunossupressão utilizando o mTOR associado ao inibidor de calcineurina com o inibidor de calcineurina isolado na rejeição crônica do enxerto pós-transplante de pulmão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Souza, Andressa Rodrigues de
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Machado, Regimar Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2865284256489182
The growth of lung transplantation has been constant throughout the world, and with this, the results presented have been progressively better, both in the short and long term. Despite this reality, some problems of difficult solution limit these programs, such as chronic graft rejection and complications secondary to long-term immunosuppression. The immunosuppressive strategies used in lung transplantation are based on triple schemes, composed of a calcineurin inhibitor, an antimetabolic agent and corticosteroids. A fourth group of immunosuppressants consists of inhibitors of cell proliferation, in particular, mTOR inhibitors. In this sense, this review aimed to compare the immunosuppressive regimen based on a calcineurin inhibitor-associated mTOR inhibitor at reduced dose with the calcineurin inhibitor alone in the chronic rejection of the posttransplant lung graft. In order to do so, we applied the methodological design of systematic review of the literature, through searches in electronic health databases (MEDLINE, Wef of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central, EMBASE and LILACS) and in secondary manual resources. Six scientific articles composed the corpus of analysis for the qualitative synthesis of the results, which referred to three studies named SHITRIT, NOCTET and 4EVERLUNG. The main outcomes were the safety of substitution therapy for calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive therapy by the treatment of mTOR inhibitor with low patient mortality as well as maintaining efficacy in controlling events of chronic graft rejection. The relevance of the data that indicated an improvement in the renal function of the patients when submitted to the therapy with inhibitor mTOR in relation to calcineurin inhibitors was unanimously highlighted. The studies present a high reliability index due to the manifestation of low risk of bias in most of the items evaluated for the assertive conduction of a randomized clinical trial, in addition to presenting an important recommendation force for clinical decision making. In this sense, this systematic review guides a weighting in the use of mTOR inhibitors, considering the greater risk of mortality in the first year of treatment associated with this therapy. For patients with renal dysfunction associated with the isolated use of calcineurin inhibitors, this review "recommends" a change in the therapeutic regimen for the insertion of mTOR inhibitors into calcineurin inhibitors at a reduced dose, considering the imminent risk of mortality of lung transplant patients under renal insufficiency.
Ensino da linguagem oral em contexto familiar: análise de uma ferramenta de observação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Balog, Lívia Gabriela Campos
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1305969857928709
Parents have an important role in their children's language acquisition. A tool which analyzes how parents are teaching language to their children is interesting as a base to the planning of an effective intervention. The present study aimed to analyze the use of a tool called Evaluation Scale of Oral Language in Family Context (Escala de Avaliação da Linguagem Oral em contexto Familiar - EVALOF) as observation tool of daily family interactions, considering (a) children's ages, (b) the kind of activity performed, (c) children's and adult's genders and (d) the number of children and adults present in the evaluated interaction. 45 families with children from zero to ten years old participated in the experiment, filming everyday activities that they perform with their children, as naturally as possible. The interactions were analyzed using EVALOF. It was verified that the score was higher in interactions in which five-year-old children participated, compared to other ages, especially children under one-year-old. The best scoring activity was storytelling, while the lowest scores were in free play. The number of children did not influence the scale score. It was observed that when the number of adults increases, the score decreases. When the interaction was composed by both genders, the score was lower compared to only female and male. Some items did not apply to certain ages and family constitutions and all items were suited to observe the analyzed activities. The use of EVALOF made possible the evaluation of oral language in family context and the tool proved itself useful in the comparison among the different analysis groups (activities, ages, number and gender of adults). The study discusses the usefulness of EVALOF to observe interactions which include very young children or dyads. Further studies may use EVALOF as effectiveness measurement of language naturalistic interventions for parents, and also use it as a base to advise families to develop their children's oral language.
Estudo da produção de etanol a partir de xilose e xilooligômeros usando xilanases, xilose isomerase e levedura co-imobilizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Corradini, Felipe de Almeida Silva
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1435227207179790
The production of ethanol from xylose with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was initiated in the group with the SIF process (simultaneous isomerization and fermentation). This process allows total conversion of xylose, but has been shown to be vulnerable to bacterial contamination. The process of simultaneous hydrolysis, isomerization and fermentation (SHIF) of xylooligomers was then proposed as an alternative for the fermentation of pentoses by commercial yeast. In this process, a xylanase cocktail hydrolyses the substrate to xylose, which, by the action of xylose isomerase, is transformed into xylulose, which is then fermented to ethanol by S.cerevisiae. All reactions take place within the biocatalyst where enzymes and yeast are co-immobilized. It was possible to produce ethanol by this process, but the first tests showed that the substrate conversion was incomplete, requiring investigation of the possible causes of the problem. The inefficiency of the hydrolysis stage, catalyzed by endo- / exoxylanases and β-xylosidase, a non-existent step in the SIF process, was the first hypothesis verified. The need to produce a standard substrate for the study of this reaction stage was the first challenge faced, since birchwood xylan, a commercial substrate previously used, was discontinued. A substrate was then produced in the laboratory from bleached eucalyptus pulp. Xylan was extracted with 4% NaOH solution at 25 °C, precipitated with glacial acetic acid and lyophilized. An autoclave heat pretreatment (15 min, 121 °C, 1 atm) allowed to increase the solubility of the carbohydrate chains. The xylan thus obtained was hydrolyzed by xylanases at the same rate as the commercial birchwood xylan, and made it possible to begin the investigation of the hydrolysis reaction. The observed xylobiose accumulation indicated that the inefficiency of the hydrolysis was due to the low concentration of β-xylosidase in the commercial enzymatic complexes. After cloning the Bacillus subtilis β-xylosidase gene in Escherichia coli, the recombinant enzyme was produced, purified and characterized. The results showed reduced enzyme activity at the process pH and low operational stability. The immobilization and stabilization of β-xylosidase in agarose-glyoxyl support proved to be efficient, as it considerably increased the thermal stability of the enzyme at 35 °C (164x) and 50 °C (3605x), with no significant loss of activity of the derivative after 10 consecutive hydrolysis cycles. The commercial xylanolytic complex Multifect, mainly responsible for the endoxylanase action, was immobilized on chitosan-glutaraldehyde. This technique does not allow a significant increase in the stability of complex enzymes with immobilization, but since soluble xylanases already have good stability at 35 °C, no new protocols have been tested. The obtained derivatives presented recovered activities maximum of 50%. Activity assays at different temperatures did not indicate the presence of diffusive effects, possibly being the enzymatic distortion due to the formation of multiple bonds with the support a probable reason for the 50% loss of immobilization activity. The obtained derivative was capable to hydrolyze the hydrothermal liquor in smaller XOS (X<6), with XOS yields of 56.3% and xylose of 12.9%. The high concentration of xylobiose (28.8 g.L-1) accumulated indicated a need to complement the enzymatic cocktail with more β-xylosidase. Hydrolyses supplemented with β-xylosidase derivative increased yields of xylose to 34.2%, yielding 46.5 g.L-1 xylose and reducing xylobiose to 7.4 g.L-1. The failure to obtain complete conversion of xyloligomers into xylose may be due to inhibitory effects of the product or limitation of the action of endoxylanases by their specificity to the substrate. The results obtained, however, were considered satisfactory for initial studies of the SHIF process. Another possible explanation for the SHIF halt would be the inhibitory effects of calcium ions and / or the hydrolysis reaction byproducts (e.g. XOS) on the action of xylose isomerase. Ca2+ isomerization tests showed that the reduction of the isomerization reaction rate truly occurs, with competition between the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions for the metal site inside the enzyme. The isomerization velocity was affected by X2 only at high substrate concentrations (CS> 50 g.L-1), characterizing the competitive inhibition (R² = 0.99). The isomerization rate was significantly reduced under SHIF conditions (pH 5.6 35 ° C) and was even more affected by the combined effect of the presence of Ca2+ and X2 ions, although the reaction did not completely stop. These effects should therefore not be responsible for the incomplete conversion of the substrate. New assays of the SHIF process confirmed the importance of the β-xylosidase derivative in the biocatalyst composition, with an increase in ethanol production. The addition of more yeast to the reactor increased the consumption of the pentoses and led to an increase in ethanol production to 0.221 g.g-1 and 0.153 g.L-1.h-1), indicating that the SHIF process stagnation could also be related to the reduced speed of xylulose fermentation. It was decided at this point to compare the performance of genetically modified S. cerevisiae with that of commercial yeast in the fermentation of xylooligomers obtained by hydrothermal treatment of sugarcane bagasse. The SHIF process again showed stagnation, reaching only 5 g.L-1 of ethanol. Using the recombinant yeast, the simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation-SHF process is performed, since this microorganism does the in vivo isomerization. In this process, ethanol concentration was increased to 15 g.L-1, generated from xylose already present in the hydrothermal liquor and the partial hydrolysis of xylooligomers. However, with the recombinant yeast stagnation was also observed, with accumulation of xylose in solution. These results thus indicate that the hydrolysis process generates some condition affecting the fermentation. The pH control allowed a small increase of the conversion in the SHIF and SHF processes, but did not prevent the stagnation. After the tests, 95% of the wild yeast and 50% of the genetically modified yeast remained viable. It has been observed that the reduction in fermentation rate may be related to an observed increase in acetic acid concentration generated in the hydrolysis step and which would be affecting both commercial and recombinant yeast. Thus, although it has not achieved full elucidation of the phenomena present in this complex process, this work allowed a great increase in the knowledge of the SHIF process, providing important indications for the necessary continuity of its study, in view of the total conversion of xylooligomers.
A presença das crianças migrantes haitianas nas escolas de Sinop/MT: o que elas visibilizam da escola?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Alexandre, Ivone Jesus
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502752385941894
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4289962123325701
This study, linked to the Sociology of Childhood research line of the Post-Graduate Program in Sociology of the Federal University of São Carlos, sought to understand how the insertion of Haitian children in the public schools of Sinop / MT is happening. The research objectives were to analyze how the migrant children inserts in the school; to find out what the foreigner shows from school and how the presence of the black migrant children make visible the racialization in the school. The methodology used is based on the ethnographic perspective and the methodological procedures were: observations and individual and group interviews with the Haitian children, the parents, teachers, child development techniques and scholarship recipients. The temporal cut included migrant children who came with their parents from 2015 and 2016 to Brazil, to the city of Sinop in Mato Grosso. It was based the theoretical studies on the sociology of childhood, the concept of differences and racial relations, authors such Oliveira and Abramowicz (2010), Abramowicz et al. (2003, 2009, 2011, 2015), Abramowicz (2011), André (2016), Sarmento (2015), Delgado and Muller (2005), Corsaro (2006), Hall (2003, 2014), Woodward (2014) and Louro (2008). About migrant children I had support in Oliveira (2014), Demartini (2004, 2006, 2011), Martuscelli (2015) Siller (2011), Freitas and Silva (2015) among others. About contemporary migration, specifically the Haitian migration to Sinop, the history of Sinop colonization, the history of Haiti and its political emancipation, gave support to the dialogue, among others, the researches of Cotinguiba and Pimentel (2014), Guimarães (2017); Seitenfus (2015), Seguy (2014), Joanoni Neto (2014); Souza (2009, 2011); Thomaz (2010, 2011) Trouillot (2016) e James (2009). The research results point that the impact that Haitian migrant children presence cause in schools occurs because they are perceived by teachers and peers as different and these differences are explicit in their bodies. It is these differences that make visible the way in which the school racializes the migrant children by establishing a hierarchy among the children themselves and within that hierarchy the Haitian children are subaltern. Thus, schools never revise their racist practices and speeches, they cannot take the children’s color off.
O estado da arte nas pesquisas internacionais de governança em cidades inteligentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Figueirôa-Ferreira, Victor Garcia
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9310248062481932
The scientific production of several areas of knowledge has been driven by the theme Smart Cities, mainily for its multidisciplinary characteristics. Thus, urban engineering, as an area that interfaces with other areas of knowledge, becomes essential in the analysis of knowledge and practices under the banner of Smart Cities. Therefore, this work makes a bibliometric and bibliographical analysis on this larger theme, however, with specificity in Governance. Using bibliometrical analysis as an initial methodological tool, this work presents a descriptive and quantitative research of the scientific production in Smart Cities, though it is limited to the publications in english-language journals, within the intersection of 1997 and 2017, represented by the scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database. 1886 articles published in renowned journals in that area and 136 in governance within Smart Cities were analyzed, which made possible to obtain the number of articles published per year. The results exhibit the growing interest in this field, demonstrated both by the increase in scientific production throughout the period, by the analysis performed through non-linear regression models and also by the correlation to important world events such as Rio +20 and 2030 Agenda. Subsequently, using the data obtained in the quantitative phase, a qualitative analysis of the main articles of the large area of Smart Cities and of governance in this context was developed. Therefore, this study provides a global perspective of the scientific literature on Smart Cities, through original analyzes in the area.
Quando a infância pede refúgio: os processos de crianças no Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Lazarin, Monique Roecker
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502752385941894
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3263120793793373
The present research emerges with the global scenario of intensification of displacement of refugees, nevertheless with the attentive look at the great participation of children. In Brazil, there is also an increase in requests for refuge, but there is no data to explain which part of this population includes children. Thus, this research has the objective of mapping out which range off childhood has become a refugee in Brazil, based on the quantitative analysis of the children who make it up. This refugee childhood is understood here as one of the many facets that involve the social phenomenon of childhood contemporaneously. The analysis of the composition is guided by the understanding that such childhood is not only formed by those children who have received recognition of the refugee status by Brazil; it is, on the other hand, constructed from the universe of requests of children that has been made to the country and that are segmented in diverse statuses. This organization is in agreement with the theoretical foundation that conceives refuge as a social process emerged in the governmentality of people: either expelling some of them from their country, as is the moment of emigration, or administering the immigration flows that enter the territories. In other words, the displacements of children are intermediated by migration policies. The methodology used for this purpose is statistical analysis of secondary data, using the table provided by the Comitê Nacional para Refugiados (Conare), which lists the cases registered until April 2016. The research has social and sociological relevance, because it contributes to the understanding of migration flows directed to Brazil, bringing data of great importance to public migratory policies, at the same time that feeds a debate yet little observed by Sociology. About this last aspect, the bibliographical review of the Brazilian articles that deal with the subject portrays that this is not a subject of many debates in the Brazilian researches and, lesser, in Sociology. Thus, by its double aspect, this research brings contributions both to migratory studies as all as to social studies on Childhood. As results, we highlight that the refugee childhood is constituted by the multiplicity: of applicants and of framing for such requests. It is also perceived that the infantile flows of refugees to Brazil do not follow the same pattern of adult flows and should not, therefore, be simply analyzed as a derivation. It is also identified that the refugee immigration of children in the country does not follow the same intensity that occurs at international level, in proportional terms of composition of the age groups of such flow. Another point that the data analysis demonstrates is that the management of these requests, through process judgments, promotes a significant change in the situation of refugee children, by not keeping similar proportions of the universe of child demands within status.
Pré-seleção de fornecedores no contexto de negócios e Indústria 4.0 utilizando MCDA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Spinardi, Maurício
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Faceli, Katti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451540730749377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6478343724225588
With the current trend of modernisation, automation and data exchange, also known as Industry 4.0, the number of new actors in the corporate environment has grown, along with the need for tools to streamline industrial processes. Computing platforms, such as e-marketplaces, seek to respond to this demand by providing resources to facilitate the initial connection and relationship between clients and suppliers. However, business-tobusiness e-marketplaces still have a number of limitations, such as the high specificity inherent in the supplier selection problem. Considering this problem and context, this study proposes a new approach to supplier selection in e-marketplaces. In this approach, the problem is divided into two stages: pre-selection, carried out by the e-marketplace, and final decision, carried out by the client. Functioning as a filtering process, the aim of pre-selection is to construct a short, pre-processed list of alternatives for the second step – the final decision – to simplify and streamline the client’s analysis. To verify the utility and feasibility of pre-selection, a methodology structured around four main steps was proposed: (1) defining a multi-criteria decision analysis technique, (2) defining pre-selection criteria, (3) validating and defining the respective weights for the pre-selection criteria and (4) defining a proposal for rejecting suppliers. Consequently, this approach streamlines the efficiency of the selection process and improves the maintainability of e-marketplaces.
Percepção dos predadores de ninhos e estratégias anti-predação numa comunidade de aves da Mata Atlântica do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Zima, Paulo Victor Queijo
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5470526061536444
The main cause of annual variations in bird’s reproductive output is the failure of nests resulted from predation. Eggs exposed in open nests, usually have a wide range of colorations, and may coincide with the color of the nest material, which can be considered as a mimetic strategy to avoid predation. Many hypotheses have predicted that nest characteristics and the characteristics of its surroundings also affect nest predation probability, but many of these hypotheses are still poorly tested. One such hypothesis is the ''potential prey-site hypothesis''. In this work we tested the effects of egg color in nest predation, using plasticine eggs with three color patterns, in natural nests of the Blue Manakin, Chiroxiphia caudata, and we extended the theory of the''potential prey-site hypothesis'' by addressing nest-like structures in a Atlantic Forest well-preserved area. For the first experiment we used 78 abandoned nests of the Blue Manakin, 26 with each egg pattern (all white, white with brown spots, and all brown), of which 11 (14.10%) nests were depredated by visually oriented predators: (five with white eggs; four with white eggs with brown spots; and twowith brown eggs). Although there were no significant differences in the probability of predation for each color pattern, there was a growing tendency, in which white eggs had the lowest survival rate, followed by white with brown spots, and finally the all-brown eggs. To address the ''potential prey-site hypothesis'' we first tested if the Blue Manakin could select nesting sites in which nest-like structures, such as tufts of moss and deposits of debris in horizontal forks, were in higher densities, controlled to a set of covariates. Then, we evaluated if the numbers of nest-like structures in nest surroundings were correlated to nest survival, using 42 active nests. Modelings using Generalized Linear Models indicated that nest-like structures and vegetation density were the main covariates explaining nest site choice in this species. However, we found no correlations of nest-like structures to nest survival, which corroborates only partially the ''potential prey-site hypothesis''.
Determinação do equivalente mecânico do calor através de medidas elétricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Dias Junior, Marco Antonio
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5367947636556389
Scientific experimentation is a practical activity that can be widely used in the classroom to boost the motivation of students for learning Physics concepts. It can also be promising to improve the relationship between teacher and students. Experimentation can be used as a complementary methodology for the theoretical classes of Physics in order to facilitate the understanding of physical concepts usually treated in an abstract and mathematical way. Experimentation can be applied as a demonstration activity, in which the teacher is the mediator of the activity, or an activity performed by the students themselves, aiming the description of a investigated phenomenon. In this work we perform an experiment for the determination of the mechanical equivalent of the calorie through a different approach to the celebrated experiment carried out by James Prescott Joule. Our goal was to introduce new technologies and devices used to monitor the physical properties of the system for obtaining the equivalent between joules and calories through measurements of parameters such as electric voltage and current. Using a solar photovoltaic cell, as a power source, connected to a resistor inserted in an adiabatic calorimeter, we explore concepts such as heat and temperature and the difference between both, energy, analysis and processes of thermodynamic systems, the laws of thermodynamics and the Joule and photovoltaic effects. Our proposal was successfully received by the students, having a motivating and integrative character. It is also promising for the mathematical treatment of the phenomena described through propagation of errors, by plotting and fitting the curve obtained experimentally and the modeling of the system. Our educational product consists of a guide for assembling the experiment and several suggestions of physical concepts that can be approached during the execution of the experiment in a simple and adequate language for high school Physics teachers.
Seleção de fornecedores sob incertezas via otimização robusta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Tavares, Cassiano da Silva
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976
This paper studies the problem of selection of suppliers under uncertainties, motivated by the current economic situation of world trade. The fierce search among the organizations for responsiveness in meeting the market demand has been directing efforts for optimization in the supply chain. One of the main links in this context is the supply of raw materials. The rupture of the supply of a raw material can cause the blockade or paralysis of the entire organizational system, leading to an operational failure to meet a demand, damaging the image of the organization to the market. The decision of the best choice of supply has become a vital activity for organizations in the current scenario, as the chain's operational performance is strongly tied to this fundamental link. With this, the decision to select suppliers becomes a very complex activity, requiring a high level of precision and assertiveness. The objective of this work is to develop and apply optimization approaches that incorporate the uncertainties in the context in which the global supply of raw materials is inserted through the Robust Optimization approach. Two models of mixed integer linear programming are proposed for the deterministic problem, from which the robust counterparts that model the problem under uncertainties are obtained. The models were implemented using general purpose optimization software. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the performances of the deterministic and robust models in samples of different scenarios, as well as the level of robustness of the solutions. The computational experiments pointed out that the Robust Optimization approach enhances the robustness of solutions in risk aversion when uncertain parameters are involved. This was evidenced by the level of encumbrance promoted in the values of the solutions when a protection to the uncertainty was employed, since the increase in the optimal value of the objective function in the worst case is always smaller than the deviation of the uncertain parameters.
Políticas agrárias e articulação de escalas: uma análise do ambiente institucional nas compras públicas do município de São Carlos / SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Khalil, Bárbara El
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4923394220818843
The reflections about models of rural development have been present in Brazilian’s reality since the 20th century. But to perform an in-depht reflection of the policies which are aimed to it, continues to be a difficult task. We intend to add efforts in this movement, starting from the process of government purchases avaliation in a small city of São Paulo/SP. The study we developed in this dissertation – “Agrarian policies and scales articulation: an analysis of institutional environmet of government purchases in São Carlos/SP” – has a double objective: to understand how agrarian policies relates to local power, from the experience of government purchases and then, identify how the dialogue between local power, campers and agrarian reform settlers happens in São Carlos. Our main hypothesis sustains that the agrarian question materializes itself in the municipality not only by direct conflict, from the struggle for land, but indirectly, by the action of local power, who turns the access to the agrarian policies more difficult for rural populations. As a secondary hypothesis, we understand that the city government stops to being an agent who promotes rural development and becomes an agent who hampers it. After we made our bibliographic reviews, documentary researches, participant observation, sensitive listening and semi-structured interviews with representative agents, we tested our hypotheses and concluded that local power tends to make difficult for rural landless workers and agrarian reform settlers to access the agrarian policies. The conflict makes itself present in the dialogue between Agriculture and Supply Department, campers and agrarian reform settlers.
Mamãe é a melhor professora!: uma etnografia junto a três famílias que educam suas crianças fora da escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Loreti, Gabriela Braga
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Cohn, Clarice
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1874338450302264
This ethnography was developed among three families that educated their children out of school. The term education out of the school is used here in its broader form to refer to those situations when grown-ups, either parents or legal responsibles, choose to take direct responsability over their children’s education, avoiding sending them to the educational system, either public or private. Among those practices, there are those known in Brazil as educação domiciliar or não escolarização or homeschooling and unschooling. At the time in which this research was being developed, its controversial legal status was at evidence, being them not regulated, and, at the same time, there was a increase on the number of practitioners or interested families. Thereby, the choice of having the children not attending the school and being therefore educated at home is the conducting wire of this work, that turns to the experiences among the three families, who are seen by their similarities or dissimilarities, to reflect about ideas of family, education, care and children involved in each case. We intend to make this experiences explicit from the displacements proposed by these women, mothers and educators, from the formal education, who explained to me what, for them, is to educated their children out of school as well as, at the same time, how they organized and conducted meals, play times, researches and activities, accompanying those families at home as well as their everyday itinerary when leaving their homes.
Seleção de habitat para nidificação por aves em uma área preservada da Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Perrella, Daniel Fernandes
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8000839194914765
Birds naturally present a number of ecological requirements to survive in complex habitat environments where they live and the ability to select suitable and safe nesting sites has been shown to be a particularly important adaptive factor in the life cycle of these animals. In Neotropical forests, naturalists have long suggested that even non-aquatic birds often do reproduce near water bodies, which however, is still poorly addressed. From 2016 to 2018, nests of understory birds were studied at Carlos Botelho State Park, São Miguel Arcanjo, SP, and the influences of forest streams for nest site selection and nest survival were investigated, which is presented here in three chapters. In the first chapter, nests were searched near forest-streams and far from any watercourse in an attempt to compare nest density between these two situations. In the second and third chapters, nests of Chiroxiphia caudata, Rhopias gularis and Onychorhynchus swainsoni, which nested near or above forest streams, were monitored and we tested if these species could select specific stretches of the streams to build their nests, and we tested if stream characteristics, i.e. stream width, water depth, and water speed could interfere with their reproductive success. Further, in the third chapter, other reproductive parameters of O. swainsoni, which is endangered, were observed, such as nest and eggs measurements, incubation and nestling periods, breeding phenology, nesting success, and density of reproductive pairs along streams. We found 63 nests of 18 species along streams and only one far from them. We revealed that nest density was much higher near forest streams (5.3 nests/ha), than far from water (0.1 nests/ha). We showed that none of the stream covariates explained nest site selection for the three studied species, although water depth and distance to water were correlated to nest survival for R. gularis. In the third chapter we showed that O. swainsoni selected only the largest forest streams to establish their reproductive territories, and that their reproductive rates and breeding territory densities were low compared to other forest understory passerines, which is likely involved in its rarity. This study comprises the first carried out in the Neotropical region to provide information on nest density in a well-preserved Atlantic Forest remnant, and the streams that permeate this forest seem to provide important reproductive habitats for several bird species, although the mechanisms involved in nest site selection varied among the different species.
Determinação de aminas biogênicas em amostras de alimentos utilizando a eletroforese capilar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26)
Mantoanelli, Jéssica Oliveira Fernandes
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Pereira, Elisabete Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3733006795539833
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5179138926952890
Food safety issues usually relate several quality indicators, such as biogenic amines (BAs). These BAs are produced by all living organisms, possess biological activity and may be present in a variety of foods and beverages. Brazilian legislation only established maximum levels for histamine in the muscle of some fresh fish species. The development of analytical methodologies for determination of biogenic amines in foods is relevant because of their toxicological effect for consumers. The present work developed a new analytical method for separation and quantification of BAs (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, tryptamine and benzylamine as internal standard) in foods, using capillary electrophoresis as analytical technique. Although derivatization of amines with dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) has been widely used for other separation techniques, there are no reports in the literature on the use of DNS-Cl for capillary electrophoresis. The main advantages of the proposed method were the simplicity of the derivatization procedure (5 min at room temperature) and rapid analysis (less than 11 min). BA-DNS adducts (with maximum absorbance at 214 nm) were separated using a voltage of 18 kV and a temperature of 23 °C. A solution of phosphoric acid 120 mmol L-1 containing 5% v/v of acetonitrile pH 2.50 adjusted with triethylamine was used as running electrolyte. Samples were injected using the hydrodynamic mode (25 mBar × 6 s). The analytical curve was linear over the range of 1.0 to 10.0 mg L-1 for each amine (R ≥ 0.997). Repeatability and intermediate precision ranged from 0.9 to 9.9 % and 5.5 and 14.9 %, respectively. The method presented satisfactory values for limit of detection (42 - 417 μg L-1) and limit of quantification (141 - 1,389 μg L-1) without preconcentration process; limit of detection ranged for 7 to 45 μg L-1 and limit of quantification ranged for 25 to 145 μg L-1 with preconcentration process. The developed method was successfully applied for evaluating foods degradation and for quantitative determination in yoghurt and white cheese samples.
Distribuição espacial de espécies arbóreas na fisiologia de cafeeiros e qualidade de grãos e bebida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26)
Silva Neto, Francisco José da
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Gazaffi, Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506894662453338
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
Coffee is an important Brazilian commodity. With global climatic changes and consuming market evolution. Shading coffee bushes is gaining notoriety, once shade trees protect coffee bushes from environmental variations and may increase coffee quality. Spatial distribution and shade trees species alter shade and interspecific competition levels, changing coffee bushes responses. This work aims to access shade trees spatial distribution and species effects on physiology and production of ‘IAC Obatã’ coffee, as well as beans and cup quality. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with tree repetitions in split-split-plots. Shade trees species formed the plots (Anadenanthera falcata; Cassia grandis; e Peltophorum dubium). Split-plots consisted of five distances from shade trees trunks (coffee bushes on shading trees planting rows, distancing one or five meters from the trunk (D1L and D5L); coffee bushes on shading trees between-rows, parallel to D1L and D5L (D1E and D5E); and PS, coffee bushes distancing 77 meters form shading trees trunks, inflicting on a full sun field).Split-split-plots were due to coffee bushes canopy exposure to the sun (branches facing north or south). Between June/2017 and July/2018 coffee bushes reproductive phenological state was accessed. In April/2018 and September/2018 shading trees overstory density and gases exchanges were estimated with a convex densimeter and an Infrared Gas Analyzer, between 07:00-09:00h and 11:00-13:00h. The equipment registered photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and gas exchanges. Before harvesting in July/2018, coffee bushes height, canopy diameter, orthotropic brunch diameter, plagiotropic branch length, number and distance between berries rosettes. Yield was expressed in berries (liters) and beans (kilograms). After processing, berries mass, beans mass, sieve retention, beans defects rate and beverage quality were evaluated. Canopy density was not homogenous during the seasons and shifted due to shading trees spatial distribution. PAR was reduced by shade trees to more suitable levels for coffee bushes, specially on shade trees planting rows. The proximity to shade trees trunk decreased analysis chamber temperature. Coffee bushes transpiration as decreases in carbonic assimilation rate during the day was greater in PS. Coffee bushes shaded by P. dubium were taller and wider. Under A. falcata, coffee bushes’ orthotropic brunch diameter decreased due to proximity to the trunk. Berries rosettes distancing was smaller in PS and larger in D1L. Barry production was inferior in D1L and D5L than in PS. Coffee brunches facing north were smaller, bore more floaters and less cherries. P. dubium showed less competition with coffee bushes. The severe water shortage between July and September of 2017 homogenized blossom. In D1L maturation speed differences between branches facing north and south were reduced and favored a better harvesting. Coffee beans shaded by C. grandis were denser. In PS coffee beans were smaller and lighter.
Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Familiares Cuidadores de Pacientes Psiquiátricos (IHS-FCPP): construção e análises psicométricas preliminares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26)
Lima, Diego Costa
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Bandeira, Marina de Bittencourt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5161981285689911
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
The families of psychiatric patients, despite being recognized as the main caregivers, do not yet receive the necessary guidance to deal appropriately with their care demands. This situation compromises the treatment and the social reintegration of these patients in the community. Currently, there are tools to evaluate some of these contingencies, but none specifically addressed to investigate social skills (SS) and other skills recognized as crucial to help family caregivers in this task. This study focuses these questions and is structured in two chapters that present the process of developing a rating scale – named as Inventory of Social Skills for Family Caregivers of Psychiatric Patients (IHS-FCPP) - and the preliminary evidences of its psychometric properties. Chapter 1 presents an integrative literature review that showed that family members need a more elaborate SS levels. Concerning interventions, the results showed positive effects. However all instruments used for evaluation were not constructed for contexts and demands of psychiatric patients' caregivers. Considering the situational character of SS and the particular conditions of daily care of psychiatric patients, it was understood as important to produce and validate a specific instrument to evaluate the SS typical of these caregivers' routine. In Chapter 2, the objective was to describe the process and the results of the elaboration of the items and to produce preliminary evidences of validity and reliability of the IHS-FCPP. This chapter was organized in four studies. Study 1 presented the evidences of content validity. The items were elaborated from interviews with family caregivers, professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers and other instruments. Then the validity of content was verified by consulting seven professionals, resulting in a pilot version, tested with a sample of the target population. After the removal of items presenting difficulty of comprehension, a version of 70 items was obtained. Study 2 aimed to analyze evidence of validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the IHS-FCPP. The Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a structure of three factors, with satisfactory reliability, that were denominated as: F1, SS of Assertiveness and Educational Supervision (HSA&SE); F2, SS of Emotional Support (HSSE); and F3, SS of Affectivity and Empathy (HSAE). Study 3 aimed to verify validity evidences based on the association of HS measurements with external indices of subjective burden and quality of life. The results were consistent with the literature. Study 4 aimed to produce preliminary norms and characterize the SS repertoire in their association with sociodemographic variables. The results showed groups at risk in terms of SS deficits, for example those with lower levels of schooling. As a conclusion for the several studies presented here, preliminary psychometric qualities of the IHS-FCPP are recognized, but also the need for more evidence of validity to recommend its use as a diagnostic tool. It is understood that IHS-FCPP can be used in descriptive research and studies on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at the empowerment of family caregivers of psychiatric patients.
Transporte dependente de spin em nanofios semicondutores controlado via interação spin-órbita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26)
Cunha, Iann
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Castelano, Leonardo Kleber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397190485811267
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7282573279070179
This work was dedicated to the theoretical study of semiconductor nanostructures aimed at the implementation of spin dependent electronic transport. The objective was to study the electron transport properties considering the Rashba spin-orbit interaction located in a certain spatial region. Different configurations were considered for the intensity of the Rashba interaction, external potential and external magnetic field applied to the nanowire. In this way, we understand the modulation of spin transport when it is projected in the z-direction through the combination of spin-orbit interaction and system dimensionalities. In particular, we find a semi-analytical solution capable of determining spin dependent transport properties. This semi-analytic solution was applied to the electronic transport in a nanowire, considering a strictly one-dimensional model and a quasi one-dimensional model employing the effective mass approximation (k-p method). In this case, the electrons confined in a nanowire cross a region where the spin-orbit coupling is present, which will modify its transmission. Under certain conditions, the interaction of Rashba causes a suppression of the transmission for certain energies of the incident electrons. Such suppression can be understood as being the effect of coupling a bound state with the states of the continuum. These results open a new perspective for the understanding of experimental results of electronic transport in nanowires.
Configuração urbana e conforto térmico ao nível do pedestre: estudos na cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26)
Fernandes, Maria Eugênia
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Masiero, Érico
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8347430736328422
Urbanization has been causing changes in the urban climate, altering the temperature and relative humidity of the air, the precipitation indexes, and even contributing to the increase of the occurrence of urban heat islands in several cities of the world. In this way, it becomes important that urban spaces allow greater thermal comfort to the inhabitants. There is a great scientific diversity of climatic studies, but there is a great difficulty in transmitting the knowledge related to microclimatic phenomena to urban planners and managers. The land use and occupation legislation that exists in most Brazilian cities provides general guidelines for the execution of building projects and urban interventions, however, those that specify adaptation measures to the impacts caused in the climate are rare. It is therefore perceived the need to analyze comfort in urban spaces and in what way the configuration of this space can contribute to its improvement. The main objective of this work is to determine the influence of urban configuration parameters on the thermal comfort of users. For that, the classification of four urban cuts according to the parameters of the ZCL system was performed, and the PET index relative to the level of thermal comfort of the users was evaluated. Thus, we sought to identify the thermal perception of users' satisfaction with the thermal environment, through structured interviews with pedestrians in the four selected ZCLs. The results point to the classification of four different types of ZCLs in the analyzed areas: ZCL 65, ZCL 3B, ZCL 2, ZCL 23. The PET index calculated at the hours of10h, 16h, and 19h ranged from 27 ° C (ZCL 65) to 48.6 ° C (3B). Both the PET and the perception of the users present thermal stress, with great perception of heat even in the period of 19h, where the areas were expected to have a cooling. In general, users reported higher satisfaction in ZCL 65, where the highest rates of tree vegetation were observed; even in situations of high air temperature. The correlation test showed that the level of comfort is lower as the impermeable and constructed areas are increased and the H / W ratio is increased. On the other hand, the comfort level increases when the permeable areas increase.
Indicadores geoambientais para a determinação de áreas com viabilidade ecoturística no município de São João Batista do Glória, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26)
Melo, Naara Aline Tossani de
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Collares, Eduardo Goulart
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3131900230122094
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Moschini, Luiz Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262
The growing demand for natural resources associated with anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural activities, livestock and expansion of urbanized areas, are the main factors that cause the degradation of the environment. Being, more and more necessary the rational use of these resources and at the same time supplying the economic necessities of the society. The activities related to ecological tourism have proved to be an excellent tool that assists in territorial planning due to the ability to reconcile the economy with landscape conservation and promote socioeconomic well-being. In this way, this work had as objective to carry out the physical and biological characterization of the municipality of São João Batista do Glória, with the intention of elaborating the Ecotourism Feasibility Chart, so that it was possible to specify the areas and their degrees of suitability in terms of tourism and recreation and the classification of landscape types. The information plans used to obtain the Ecotourism Feasibility Chart were: Elevation; Declivity; Soil Use and Coverage; Precipitation; Temperature; Geological Formations; Proximity of Water Resources and Accessibility. For each of the variables weights were assigned, grouped into four distinct classes: 4- adequate enough; 3- suitable; 2 - less suitable; 1- not suitable. This cartographic document showed that the municipality of São João Batista do Glória has a high ecotourism potential, and 87.45% of the municipality was considered to be quite adequate and adequate for tourism and recreation activities, due to geological formations , climate, relief, declivity, availability of water resources, scenic beauty and due to 46.75% of its area corresponds to the conservation unit of Serra da Canastra National Park (PNSC), where the main attractions are visited. However, these activities need to be developed based on adequate planning, in order to minimize the negative impacts that may compromise the availability and maintenance of the natural good, and the risks to life that may occur due to the absence of safety systems. The municipality has 33 tourist attractions, of which 07 have been visited. The field work, together with the ecotourism feasibility charter, allowed the classification of the landscape to be classified into three types: Natural Landscapes, Anthropic Landscapes and Cultural Landscapes. As a way of guaranteeing the preservation and conservation of the natural good, it is necessary to comply with legal provisions such as Forest Law No. 12.651, which deals mainly with the Permanent Preservation Areas, and implement the guidelines proposed in this work, which may assist public managers in better territorial planning, as well as in the formulation of municipal public policies specific to ecotourism, so that this segment develops in both the economic as well as the social and environmental axis.
Métodos de Monte Carlo Hamiltoniano aplicados em modelos GARCH
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26)
Xavier, Cleber Martins
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
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Ehlers, Ricardo Sandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4020997206928882
One of the most important informations in financial market is variability of an asset. Several models have been proposed in literature with a view of to evaluate this phenomenon. Among them we have the GARCH models. This paper use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) methods for estimation of parameters univariate and multivariate GARCH models. Simulation studies are performed and the estimatives compared with Metropolis-Hastings methods of the BayesDcc- Garch package. Also, we compared the results of HMC method with the methodology present in rstan package. Finally, a application with real data is performed using bivariate DCC-GARCH and the methods of estimation HMC and Metropolis-Hastings.