Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2019-04-26"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 15 de 15

Indicadores geoambientais para a determinação de áreas com viabilidade ecoturística no município de São João Batista do Glória, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Melo, Naara Aline Tossani de; Collares, Eduardo Goulart; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3131900230122094; Moschini, Luiz Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0676680932503748
The growing demand for natural resources associated with anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural activities, livestock and expansion of urbanized areas, are the main factors that cause the degradation of the environment. Being, more and more necessary the rational use of these resources and at the same time supplying the economic necessities of the society. The activities related to ecological tourism have proved to be an excellent tool that assists in territorial planning due to the ability to reconcile the economy with landscape conservation and promote socioeconomic well-being. In this way, this work had as objective to carry out the physical and biological characterization of the municipality of São João Batista do Glória, with the intention of elaborating the Ecotourism Feasibility Chart, so that it was possible to specify the areas and their degrees of suitability in terms of tourism and recreation and the classification of landscape types. The information plans used to obtain the Ecotourism Feasibility Chart were: Elevation; Declivity; Soil Use and Coverage; Precipitation; Temperature; Geological Formations; Proximity of Water Resources and Accessibility. For each of the variables weights were assigned, grouped into four distinct classes: 4- adequate enough; 3- suitable; 2 - less suitable; 1- not suitable. This cartographic document showed that the municipality of São João Batista do Glória has a high ecotourism potential, and 87.45% of the municipality was considered to be quite adequate and adequate for tourism and recreation activities, due to geological formations , climate, relief, declivity, availability of water resources, scenic beauty and due to 46.75% of its area corresponds to the conservation unit of Serra da Canastra National Park (PNSC), where the main attractions are visited. However, these activities need to be developed based on adequate planning, in order to minimize the negative impacts that may compromise the availability and maintenance of the natural good, and the risks to life that may occur due to the absence of safety systems. The municipality has 33 tourist attractions, of which 07 have been visited. The field work, together with the ecotourism feasibility charter, allowed the classification of the landscape to be classified into three types: Natural Landscapes, Anthropic Landscapes and Cultural Landscapes. As a way of guaranteeing the preservation and conservation of the natural good, it is necessary to comply with legal provisions such as Forest Law No. 12.651, which deals mainly with the Permanent Preservation Areas, and implement the guidelines proposed in this work, which may assist public managers in better territorial planning, as well as in the formulation of municipal public policies specific to ecotourism, so that this segment develops in both the economic as well as the social and environmental axis.
Distribuição espacial de espécies arbóreas na fisiologia de cafeeiros e qualidade de grãos e bebida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Silva Neto, Francisco José da; Gazaffi, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506894662453338; Fontanetti, Anastácia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8650053332176177
Coffee is an important Brazilian commodity. With global climatic changes and consuming market evolution. Shading coffee bushes is gaining notoriety, once shade trees protect coffee bushes from environmental variations and may increase coffee quality. Spatial distribution and shade trees species alter shade and interspecific competition levels, changing coffee bushes responses. This work aims to access shade trees spatial distribution and species effects on physiology and production of ‘IAC Obatã’ coffee, as well as beans and cup quality. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with tree repetitions in split-split-plots. Shade trees species formed the plots (Anadenanthera falcata; Cassia grandis; e Peltophorum dubium). Split-plots consisted of five distances from shade trees trunks (coffee bushes on shading trees planting rows, distancing one or five meters from the trunk (D1L and D5L); coffee bushes on shading trees between-rows, parallel to D1L and D5L (D1E and D5E); and PS, coffee bushes distancing 77 meters form shading trees trunks, inflicting on a full sun field).Split-split-plots were due to coffee bushes canopy exposure to the sun (branches facing north or south). Between June/2017 and July/2018 coffee bushes reproductive phenological state was accessed. In April/2018 and September/2018 shading trees overstory density and gases exchanges were estimated with a convex densimeter and an Infrared Gas Analyzer, between 07:00-09:00h and 11:00-13:00h. The equipment registered photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and gas exchanges. Before harvesting in July/2018, coffee bushes height, canopy diameter, orthotropic brunch diameter, plagiotropic branch length, number and distance between berries rosettes. Yield was expressed in berries (liters) and beans (kilograms). After processing, berries mass, beans mass, sieve retention, beans defects rate and beverage quality were evaluated. Canopy density was not homogenous during the seasons and shifted due to shading trees spatial distribution. PAR was reduced by shade trees to more suitable levels for coffee bushes, specially on shade trees planting rows. The proximity to shade trees trunk decreased analysis chamber temperature. Coffee bushes transpiration as decreases in carbonic assimilation rate during the day was greater in PS. Coffee bushes shaded by P. dubium were taller and wider. Under A. falcata, coffee bushes’ orthotropic brunch diameter decreased due to proximity to the trunk. Berries rosettes distancing was smaller in PS and larger in D1L. Barry production was inferior in D1L and D5L than in PS. Coffee brunches facing north were smaller, bore more floaters and less cherries. P. dubium showed less competition with coffee bushes. The severe water shortage between July and September of 2017 homogenized blossom. In D1L maturation speed differences between branches facing north and south were reduced and favored a better harvesting. Coffee beans shaded by C. grandis were denser. In PS coffee beans were smaller and lighter.
Determinação de aminas biogênicas em amostras de alimentos utilizando a eletroforese capilar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Mantoanelli, Jéssica Oliveira Fernandes; Pereira, Elisabete Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3733006795539833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5179138926952890
Food safety issues usually relate several quality indicators, such as biogenic amines (BAs). These BAs are produced by all living organisms, possess biological activity and may be present in a variety of foods and beverages. Brazilian legislation only established maximum levels for histamine in the muscle of some fresh fish species. The development of analytical methodologies for determination of biogenic amines in foods is relevant because of their toxicological effect for consumers. The present work developed a new analytical method for separation and quantification of BAs (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, tryptamine and benzylamine as internal standard) in foods, using capillary electrophoresis as analytical technique. Although derivatization of amines with dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) has been widely used for other separation techniques, there are no reports in the literature on the use of DNS-Cl for capillary electrophoresis. The main advantages of the proposed method were the simplicity of the derivatization procedure (5 min at room temperature) and rapid analysis (less than 11 min). BA-DNS adducts (with maximum absorbance at 214 nm) were separated using a voltage of 18 kV and a temperature of 23 °C. A solution of phosphoric acid 120 mmol L-1 containing 5% v/v of acetonitrile pH 2.50 adjusted with triethylamine was used as running electrolyte. Samples were injected using the hydrodynamic mode (25 mBar × 6 s). The analytical curve was linear over the range of 1.0 to 10.0 mg L-1 for each amine (R ≥ 0.997). Repeatability and intermediate precision ranged from 0.9 to 9.9 % and 5.5 and 14.9 %, respectively. The method presented satisfactory values for limit of detection (42 - 417 μg L-1) and limit of quantification (141 - 1,389 μg L-1) without preconcentration process; limit of detection ranged for 7 to 45 μg L-1 and limit of quantification ranged for 25 to 145 μg L-1 with preconcentration process. The developed method was successfully applied for evaluating foods degradation and for quantitative determination in yoghurt and white cheese samples.
Métodos de Monte Carlo Hamiltoniano aplicados em modelos GARCH
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Xavier, Cleber Martins; Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687; Ehlers, Ricardo Sandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4020997206928882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4813374924157701
One of the most important informations in financial market is variability of an asset. Several models have been proposed in literature with a view of to evaluate this phenomenon. Among them we have the GARCH models. This paper use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) methods for estimation of parameters univariate and multivariate GARCH models. Simulation studies are performed and the estimatives compared with Metropolis-Hastings methods of the BayesDcc- Garch package. Also, we compared the results of HMC method with the methodology present in rstan package. Finally, a application with real data is performed using bivariate DCC-GARCH and the methods of estimation HMC and Metropolis-Hastings.
Configuração urbana e conforto térmico ao nível do pedestre: estudos na cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Fernandes, Maria Eugênia; Masiero, Érico; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8347430736328422
Urbanization has been causing changes in the urban climate, altering the temperature and relative humidity of the air, the precipitation indexes, and even contributing to the increase of the occurrence of urban heat islands in several cities of the world. In this way, it becomes important that urban spaces allow greater thermal comfort to the inhabitants. There is a great scientific diversity of climatic studies, but there is a great difficulty in transmitting the knowledge related to microclimatic phenomena to urban planners and managers. The land use and occupation legislation that exists in most Brazilian cities provides general guidelines for the execution of building projects and urban interventions, however, those that specify adaptation measures to the impacts caused in the climate are rare. It is therefore perceived the need to analyze comfort in urban spaces and in what way the configuration of this space can contribute to its improvement. The main objective of this work is to determine the influence of urban configuration parameters on the thermal comfort of users. For that, the classification of four urban cuts according to the parameters of the ZCL system was performed, and the PET index relative to the level of thermal comfort of the users was evaluated. Thus, we sought to identify the thermal perception of users' satisfaction with the thermal environment, through structured interviews with pedestrians in the four selected ZCLs. The results point to the classification of four different types of ZCLs in the analyzed areas: ZCL 65, ZCL 3B, ZCL 2, ZCL 23. The PET index calculated at the hours of10h, 16h, and 19h ranged from 27 ° C (ZCL 65) to 48.6 ° C (3B). Both the PET and the perception of the users present thermal stress, with great perception of heat even in the period of 19h, where the areas were expected to have a cooling. In general, users reported higher satisfaction in ZCL 65, where the highest rates of tree vegetation were observed; even in situations of high air temperature. The correlation test showed that the level of comfort is lower as the impermeable and constructed areas are increased and the H / W ratio is increased. On the other hand, the comfort level increases when the permeable areas increase.
Transporte dependente de spin em nanofios semicondutores controlado via interação spin-órbita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Cunha, Iann; Castelano, Leonardo Kleber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397190485811267; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7282573279070179
This work was dedicated to the theoretical study of semiconductor nanostructures aimed at the implementation of spin dependent electronic transport. The objective was to study the electron transport properties considering the Rashba spin-orbit interaction located in a certain spatial region. Different configurations were considered for the intensity of the Rashba interaction, external potential and external magnetic field applied to the nanowire. In this way, we understand the modulation of spin transport when it is projected in the z-direction through the combination of spin-orbit interaction and system dimensionalities. In particular, we find a semi-analytical solution capable of determining spin dependent transport properties. This semi-analytic solution was applied to the electronic transport in a nanowire, considering a strictly one-dimensional model and a quasi one-dimensional model employing the effective mass approximation (k-p method). In this case, the electrons confined in a nanowire cross a region where the spin-orbit coupling is present, which will modify its transmission. Under certain conditions, the interaction of Rashba causes a suppression of the transmission for certain energies of the incident electrons. Such suppression can be understood as being the effect of coupling a bound state with the states of the continuum. These results open a new perspective for the understanding of experimental results of electronic transport in nanowires.
Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Familiares Cuidadores de Pacientes Psiquiátricos (IHS-FCPP): construção e análises psicométricas preliminares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Lima, Diego Costa; Bandeira, Marina de Bittencourt; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5161981285689911; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3121694767080912
The families of psychiatric patients, despite being recognized as the main caregivers, do not yet receive the necessary guidance to deal appropriately with their care demands. This situation compromises the treatment and the social reintegration of these patients in the community. Currently, there are tools to evaluate some of these contingencies, but none specifically addressed to investigate social skills (SS) and other skills recognized as crucial to help family caregivers in this task. This study focuses these questions and is structured in two chapters that present the process of developing a rating scale – named as Inventory of Social Skills for Family Caregivers of Psychiatric Patients (IHS-FCPP) - and the preliminary evidences of its psychometric properties. Chapter 1 presents an integrative literature review that showed that family members need a more elaborate SS levels. Concerning interventions, the results showed positive effects. However all instruments used for evaluation were not constructed for contexts and demands of psychiatric patients' caregivers. Considering the situational character of SS and the particular conditions of daily care of psychiatric patients, it was understood as important to produce and validate a specific instrument to evaluate the SS typical of these caregivers' routine. In Chapter 2, the objective was to describe the process and the results of the elaboration of the items and to produce preliminary evidences of validity and reliability of the IHS-FCPP. This chapter was organized in four studies. Study 1 presented the evidences of content validity. The items were elaborated from interviews with family caregivers, professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers and other instruments. Then the validity of content was verified by consulting seven professionals, resulting in a pilot version, tested with a sample of the target population. After the removal of items presenting difficulty of comprehension, a version of 70 items was obtained. Study 2 aimed to analyze evidence of validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the IHS-FCPP. The Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a structure of three factors, with satisfactory reliability, that were denominated as: F1, SS of Assertiveness and Educational Supervision (HSA&SE); F2, SS of Emotional Support (HSSE); and F3, SS of Affectivity and Empathy (HSAE). Study 3 aimed to verify validity evidences based on the association of HS measurements with external indices of subjective burden and quality of life. The results were consistent with the literature. Study 4 aimed to produce preliminary norms and characterize the SS repertoire in their association with sociodemographic variables. The results showed groups at risk in terms of SS deficits, for example those with lower levels of schooling. As a conclusion for the several studies presented here, preliminary psychometric qualities of the IHS-FCPP are recognized, but also the need for more evidence of validity to recommend its use as a diagnostic tool. It is understood that IHS-FCPP can be used in descriptive research and studies on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at the empowerment of family caregivers of psychiatric patients.
Análise do comportamento estrutural e durabilidade de pilares de concreto armado reforçados com manta de GFRP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Oliveira, Matusalém do Carmo de; Dalfré, Gláucia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0066111999826468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7639983253508859
Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are an attractive option for the strengthening of structures in the civil construction due to the intrinsic characteristics of the system, e.g., lower self-weight, ease and versatility of application and little change of cross section of the strengthened element. The Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) technique consists on the use of fibers sheets, impregnated with polymeric matrix glued to the substrate of the element that will be strengthened. However, structures strengthened by the EBR technique exposes the FRP to direct contact with different degrees of environmental aggressiveness (weathering, humidity, temperature and ultraviolet radiation) and to possible accidents (fires, explosions, floods, physical shocks and acts of vandalism). These factors can cause degradation of the constituent materials of the strengthening system changing their rupture modes and leading to reductions of the ultimate stress. In order to evaluate the structural behavior and durability of reinforced concrete columns confined with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) by the EBR technique when exposed to weathering in a subtropical climate region (Cwa in Köppen–Geiger climate classification system), short columns were evaluated by compression axial tests. In addition, epoxy resins and GFRP were evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests. The results indicate decreases in the mechanical properties of the epoxy resins, while no degradation was obtained for the GFRP composites. Concerning to the short columns, decreases of the ultimate stresses and axial strains were observed after weathering exposure. However, the exposure did not decrease the efficiency of the strengthening system when compared to the unstrengthened column.
Estudo sobre a atividade voluntária em crianças pré-escolares à luz da teoria histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Martinati, Adriana Zampieri; Mello, Maria Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5252084806551276
The voluntary activity of children is the focus of this research and it was analyzed from the perspective of children self-motivation in Childhood Education, specifically those acts that suggest that their execution was done in a conscious way to reach a specific goal.The research problem is to answer the question: Is it possible to identify voluntary activity in children of Childhood Education? The main objective of this work is to examine the possibility of developing voluntary activities for children 5 years old. The specific objectives are: (i) to describe and analyze in proposed teaching situations in which voluntary activities of children may occur, (ii) creating experimental conditions for the researcher to identify the possibilities of occurrence of voluntary activity. The method used is based on historical-dialectical materialism and present as study object the voluntary activities in the Municipal School of Childhood Education, located in one city of São Paulo State, and involved 05 years old children, their teachers of childhood education, teachers of arts, the teachers of physical education and also the researcher interventions. The research instruments were used are Political-Pedagogical Project, documentary analysis of participant observation and intervention: narrative interview, toys production, and drawing. The volunteer development process, based on the results obtained from the concrete reality, was manifested through voluntary activity indicators: semantic communicative speech, voluntary choice, choice of materials, activity purpose understatement, interest, formulation of questions, problems resolution/persistence, emotional reactions, interaction/cooperation, creation/imagination, the substitution of objects, imitation, and roles playing. Semantic communicative speech, interaction/ cooperation, and emotional reactions were the most recurrent voluntary activity indicators in participant observation and experimental conditions applied by the researcher. The voluntary choice and materials choice was not very frequent in the activities of Childhood Education and Physical Education, as opposed to Art classes and the researcher interventions. It is possible to note these indicators are intrinsically related to the planning and implementation activities by the teacher, and not to the children development process. The main voluntary activity indicator identified is the understanding of the activity objective (awareness). The collected data indicates children are often aware of the goal of a given activity, they are still guided by impulses external to the activity, which results in non-respect with a rule. Children are in raising awareness of their motivations process and consequently can not control voluntarily their own impulses.The stubbornness and negativism behaviors were observed in relation to the volitional tensions inherent to the activities. In contrast, in the cases where the children spent much of their time sitting around struggling to do the activity, regulation of conduct occurred, perhaps more for fear of threats and possible punishments than for their own conscience. Although the role play appears in the Political-Pedagogical Project of the school as the activity guide in Childhood Education, it was little explored and marked by spontaneity, lack of pedagogical investments and also teacher mediation. In this researched context, the perceived contradictions in the way paper are conceived and worked by teachers for children to reinforce the need for massive investments in initial and continuing teacher education.
Aplicação da dinâmica de sistemas na implementação de modelo computacional para estimação da qualidade do efluente de lagoas facultativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Logatti, Bruna; Kellner, Erich; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4334307115265433
This paper presents the preliminary results of the development of a computer model to predict the quality of the facultative pond effluent proposed by FRITZ (1985) with a system dynamics approach, using the software VenSim PLE ®. The model considers the mass balance applied in a complete mixing reactor, consisting of the simultaneous resolution of twelve differential equations in time for the determination of effluent concentrations of crude COD, soluble COD, dissolved oxygen, Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen, Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus, Alkalinity, Hydrogenionic Concentration (pH). For its calibration there was the division into two stages: verification and validation. For the verification, the following parameters were simulated: soluble COD, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, pH, DO and temperature, were compared with the results obtained by Silva (1982) for a pilot scale facultative lagoon located in Campina Grande (PB), which operates as a complete mixing reactor and whose sampling were composed. The results of the simulations obtained for the verification were considered satisfactory, standing out the soluble COD, OD and temperature, which were similar to those obtained in the field. For validation, the following parameters were analyzed: crude COD, soluble COD, Kjeldhal Total Nitrogen, Ammoniac Nitrogen, pH, OD and Alkalinity, which were compared with the results obtained by Pedrelli (1997) for a full scale facultative lagoon located in Balneário Camburiú (SC). The results of the simulations obtained for Alkalinity and pH were the ones that presented the greatest similarity with those obtained in the field, soluble COD had satisfactory results, but for the other parameters the simulation results were slightly higher than those observed. Such variations may be associated to disregarding the variability of the affluent quality in the facultative pond, the possibility of compartmentalization of the liquid volume, which would remove the model from the complete mixing condition, as well as the fact that the samples used in the validation were obtained punctually and not in a compound way.
Identificação dos fatores que influenciam na opção pelas caminhadas para deslocamentos urbanos: uma abordagem sócio-ecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Natalin, Lucas Augusto; Sanches, Suely da Penha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0901529790222947
The high dependence of automobiles in Brazilian cities and the problems arising from this context emerge the need to invest in more sustainable urban transport alternatives. With this perspective, this research works with the mode of transport on foot, investigating, through a socio-ecological approach, factors that tend to motivate and hinder its use. Previous research suggests that much of the work exploring walking as an urban mode of transport emphasizes the elements of the built environment and does not focus on the behavioral issues of the individual. Thus, this study encompasses walking as part of the daily life of people, exploring factors linked to the routine of the individual, limits of time and responsibilities, ie, the feasibility of walking or not walking, without leaving aside the elements of urban form (physical factors). A case study was carried out in two sample fields in the city of São José do Rio Preto, in the state of São Paulo, through a questionnaire where the factors reviewed were surveyed. Firstly, a pilot study with a smaller sample was carried out in order to test the purposes of the questionnaire, to obtain preliminary results that served as a basis for the calculation of the quantities of samples for the final research. The results, which mainly use statistical tests such as Test T and ANOVA, show that the viability requirements are the ones considered most in the decision to walk or not walk as a means of transportation, showing that if there is no viability, even if the needs of the built environment (infrastructures) are met, people tend to opt for other modes of transport. On the other hand, with the needs of viability and later accessibility served, the individual uses the walk mode even if the other elements of the built environment are not present, a fact that also occurs when this individual has limited choice of mode of transportation. In addition, laziness and indisposition and lack of habit showed relevant as barriers to walking. The study came to contribute to a new treatment of the utility walks within the Brazilian reality.
Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding: evaluation of the welding of AA2198-T8 sheets and preliminary tool wear investigation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Castro, Camila Caroline de; Plaine, Athos Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8992899102845408; Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2772920313882824
Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) is an innovative method for joining similar and dissimilar lightweight metallic materials or thermoplastics. This technique has the advantage of issuing energy savings, producing welds with suitable mechanical properties and having the possibility of industrial scalability with the use of robots and automation. The use of aluminum alloys is widespread in aircraft industry. However, some of these alloys present poor weldability with conventional methods, an issue which can be overcome with the use of friction-based processes such as RFSSW. Furthermore, the substitution of riveting (today used as joining method for these alloys) can cause a reduction of aircraft weight, saving energy and potentially reducing costs. This work presents the evaluation of overlapped joints performed on AA2198-T8 1.6 and 3.2 mm-thick sheets produced by RFSSW. The optimization and correlation between process parameters and weld performance was studied by employing design of experiment (Taguchi) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) by measuring the welds’ response to the variation of welding time, plunge depth and rotational speed in order to verify the technical feasibility of the process. Moreover, the stir zone area was quantified and a positive correlation of this area was found with lap shear strength (LSS) performance. Finally, a preliminary study of the tool wear effects on the welds’ properties and microstructure was performed. Although results show a trend in reduction of lap shear strength along the 2350 studied joints, all the tested welds presented good mechanical properties, which greatly exceed the minimum standardized requirements for aircraft industry. However, more studies need to be carried out in order to determine the wear effects on the tool which affect the welds’ properties and tool lifecycle and might influence the economic and technical feasibility of using this technique in large scale industrial setups.
O nome de memória mensalão: um acontecimento discursivo moral entre a transparência e opacidade de sentidos na valsa dos metadiscursos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Alcântara, Gleice Antonia Moraes de; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1398401600075570
Cette thèse entend contribuer aux études discursives sur la question de la dénomination des événements politiques brésiliens à partir du concept de nom de mémoire. L’objet de notre problématisation est le nom propre (désigné ci-après Np) Mensalão, en tant qu’événement discursif moral, qui renvoie à des cadres prédiscursifs collectifs convoqués par la perception et la réflexion de l’environnement cognitif auquel participent les agents. Notre choix s’est arrêté sur cet événement en raison de son fonctionnement discursif. Il génère, selon nous, un ensemble de cadres prédiscursifs collectifs (des savoirs, des croyances, des pratiques, des valeurs, des émotions, des sons) qui activent constamment la mémoire, en produisant, aujourd’hui encore, des métadiscours. Ceux-ci reprennent cet événement par le biais de scènes multiples d’énonciation, qui transparaissent dans les normes, les formes langagières, les manifestations matérielles au sein des discours et des sociétés. Eu égard au réseau de significations et de valeurs mobilisées pour chaque (re)formulation, ces mouvements légitiment le Np comme un désignateur souple. Dans ce cadre, le nom de mémoire Mensalão, qui est saisi comme une instance catégorisatrice singulière et qui s’inscrit dans un paradigme où se conserve la mémoire de cet événement, de façon à ce que les événements politiques convoquent et actionnent la mémoire de ce fait marquant en lui conférant la valeur stéréotypée de la plus grande affaire de corruption du pays, produit, dans l’environnement cognitif, l’effet d’un discours destiné à la non-virtuosité, en raison de l’usage et de l’abus de ce nom propre par les dispositifs technodiscursifs. Dans sa construction morphologique, le terme Mensalão, que nous catégorisons comme un nom de mémoire, présente un élément dérivé formé par le suffixe appréciatif intensificateur -ão, qui, dans l’environnement cognitif brésilien, produit un effet d’énonciation dysphorique. Pour notre part, cet effet résulte de l’appropriation de la technologie discursive distribuée dans l’environnement, l’affixe -ão, dont les agents journalistes font fréquemment usage sur un ton évaluatif. Ainsi, sur la base des présupposés théoriques et méthodologiques de l’analyse du discours, les travaux de Paveau (2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2015), de Maingueneau (2008, 2010, 2016), de Krieg-Planque (2010, 2012, 2014), en interface avec les études lexicologiques (1975), Rio-Torto (1997), Siblot (1987, 2001), et argumentatifs, Plantin (2011,2016), nous cherchons à mettre en évidence, par le biais des affordances du feuilleté mémoriel du nom Mensalão, la dimension morale des énoncés, telle qu’elle se manifeste dans la valse des (ré)actions métadiscursives des agents
Por que eles se vão? O abandono no ensino superior público pós-expansão do acesso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Sá, Thiago Antônio de Oliveira; Abramowicz, Anete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502752385941894; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1886552195634465
This thesis has been motivated by a paradox of including and excluding effects. UNIFAL-MG repeats the same national trends of increase in the number of students and incorporation of social groups that have been historically excluded from higher education, as a result of post-2007 public policies. However, its dropout rates have risen over the expansion, and the most associated features are those of non-traditional students, who have just arrived to the university. The purpose of this investigation has been describing, explaining and comprehending this “leak”, by means of the articulation of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The statistics of 21 undergraduate programs and of their 977 entrants have been analyzed. Among those, 14 withdrawees have been interviewed. Over expansion, dropout rates raise because the inclusion of new social groups in higher education has been accompanied by dropout factors of different scopes and arrays (labor market, social and economic individual features and subjective makings). At the same time, some converging mechanisms have been made up or preserved. Not very interesting undergraduate programs have been founded, to which institutional settings take mainly students whose profile is associated to attrition, while traditional programs keep saved to traditional students, as a “student aristocracy”. Such factors of persistence, in the one hand, and of attrition, in the other hand, work, respectively, as a reversed affirmative action and as a dispensable access, which comes from a combination of factors that make persistence needless. Over expansion, dropout rates increased because a population willing to give up has been inserted in a system whose devices conduct it to not very interesting spots.
Avaliação da conectividade florestal em paisagem urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-26) Ribeiro, Marina Pannunzio; Mello, Kaline de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1974531968891537; Valente, Roberta Averna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358232596051980
Urbanization is a crescent anthropogenic process, and it is also considered one of the major threats to natural areas and biodiversity conservation. Thus, in order to mitigate its impacts, many strategies have been developed, such as the creation of Protected Areas (PAs). However, to guarantee the effectiveness of Protected Areas in promoting biodiversity conservation, it is necessary to ensure connectivity among them. Thus, this study had as main objective evaluating the PA connectivity in an urban landscape. For this, we mapped land use and land cover using Remote Sensing images, by supervised classification. Further, we calculated landscape metrics (shape, area and near) to evaluate forest remnants structure in the landscape. For analyzing the functional connectivity among PAs, we used endemic Atlantic Forest bird species capacity of dispersion, obtained from literature review and experts consulting. Thus, impedance values for birds landscape connectivity were attributed for each land use/land cover type. The characterization of the movement of the species-focus by different types of land use/land cover was performed by the least-cost modeling between PAs, when the UCs was considered as nodes (source areas). We evaluated the land use/land cover patter of the low-cost paths (LCP) considering a 100m-buffer. Finally, functional connectivity among forest remnants was evaluated using the Graph Theory. The results show that the study area is highly urbanized, with a high forest fragmentation level composed mainly by small forest patches with irregular shapes but connected among each other. Moreover, we identified 11 forest remnants composing an ecological network, with great importance to support landscape connectivity. Those forest patches offer habitat availability, likewise PAs connectivity within the landscape. Among those patches, the largest one is the National Forest of Ipanema, and it is also the main forest patch in this landscape that supports functional connectivity and biodiversity conservation. The other patches identified as of great connectivity importance are in private properties and mainly in the riparian area of the Pirajibú River. Only two municipal PAs, of five existing in the study area, are included in the ecological network, and therefore are functionally connected. The others PAs were not included in the network, according to the conditions imposed in this work. Control and restoration actions of riparian areas, incentives for native vegetation conservation in private properties, regulation of the land use and land cover in the buffer zone of the PAs, increasing the matrix permeability, the restoration of important fragments, in addition to landscape planning with the focus on combating urban spreading are indicated actions to potentialize the PAs connectivity in urbanized landscapes.