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Potencial de uso de partículas biodegradáveis de pectina, quitosana e vinhaça como fertilizante agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-27) Cerri, Bianca Carreiro; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; Silva, Mariana Altenhofen da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8251375009305202; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5278786040005956
Technologies able to control or hinder the release of nutrients from fertilizers have been studied in order to improve agricultural systems with minimum environmental impact. In this context, biodegradable polymers extracted from renewable sources, such as pectin and chitosan, have been considered as alternative polymeric matrices for the development of slow/controlled release systems with a focus on agriculture. Previous studies of our research group have focused on the development of pectin and chitosan particles using vinasse (the main wastewater from the ethanol production) as solvent, showing promising results regarding functional and chemical properties for fertilizer application. This work evaluated the potential use of particles based on these agroindustrial by-products as alternative fertilizers for soil applications. Pectin (Pec_V) and chitosan (Quit_V) particles with vinasse were obtained by dripping the biopolymeric solutions in crosslinker solutions. Particles with water as solvent were produced as control. Physical, chemical and physico-chemical properties of the particles, as well as, the biodegradation in soil, the release of nutrients in water and water retention behavior (in clay and sandy soil) were evaluated. The addition of vinasse conferred greater stability to the pectin gel compared to the formulation with water, showing a positive impact on particles properties. Particles had spherical shape, and granulometric specification of coarse grained. Compared to Quit_V, Pec_V were more soluble, showed higher swelling degree and lower compression force. Pec_V and Quit_V exhibit biodegradation degree of 65.1% and 68.0%, respectively, after 113 days of contact with soil. Water evaporation rates were lower for sandy soil containing Quit_V and Pec_V, compared to control soil (without particles), indicating good perspectives for the use of particles in drought-prone regions. According to the Brazilian legislation, Pec_V can be classified as mixed organic fertilizer class A after pH adjustment to 6.0. Quit_V were classified as organomineral fertilizer class A, added with Ca, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Particles with vinasse showed potential to be applied as fertilizer in agriculture, allowing the recycling of nutrients from vinasse to the soil and, above all, represent a novel alternative for the use of this expressive wastewater from the sugar and alcohol industry.
Ver o livro como buraco negro: a formalização material da Antologia da Literatura Fantástica, de Bioy Casares, Borges e Ocampo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-27) Primo, Gustavo; Salgado, Luciana Salazar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3715303790562755
Considering that editorial mediation plays a constitutive role in the functioning of the discursive regimes of literature, we state a hypothesis: whenever a literary work is (re)published as a new editorial object, the imaginaries about the literary text and how it should circulate are updated, displaced, and transformed. In order to discuss that, the theoretical framework is based on some principles of French Discourse Analysis (Maingueneau, 2006), and related areas, such as Mediology, History of the Printed Book, Design and Semiology. The main objective is to investigate how the Antología de la Literatura Fantastica (ALF), organized by Adolfo Bioy Casares, Jorge Luis Borges, and Silvina Ocampo, and published in 1940 by the Argentinian Editorial Sudamericana, materializes new imaginaries when published by the Brazilian Cosac Naify in 2013. Methodologically, it is possible to identify these imaginaries from the ethé projected by the discursive scenography of the book. This scenography shows itself by the conjunction of textual, paratextual, graphic, and material elements formalized in the book. A descriptive study reveals how imaginaries related to the ALF have been transforming since the first edition, throughout the decades. Nevertheless, a constant factor works in the material formalization of these editions. There is a constitutive vanishing of information about the editorial processes every time a new edition of the ALF comes out, as if the book was a black hole that “swallows” its own history. Second, there is a dynamics between the force created by the use of images, symbols, and themes of the fantastic, which tend to suspend rational references to a certain time or space, and the editorial vestiges (Debray, 1995) that bond the object to its context of production.
Proposta de modelo de gestão consorciada de resíduos da construção civil (RCC) na Unidade de Gerenciamento do Rio São João-MG (MB 13)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-27) Maia, Mariele Corrêa dos Reis; Marques Neto, José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2392932422695163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4997620155792213
Population growth and uncontrolled progress contribute to the generation of construction waste (CDW), when inadequately disposed of, cause environmental liabilities and affect the quality of life of society. In order to establish guidelines for the management of these, CONAMA Resolution No. 307 was created in 2002, however, the municipalities, mainly small ones and stakeholders involved, had difficulties in implementing the system due to the lack of financial resources, technical staff and supervision. Timely measures to remedy such impacts are joint actions, where municipalities work together to achieve economic and environmental benefits. Thus, this research aimed to characterize the current management of CDW in the 10 small municipalities that make up the São João River management unit (MB-13): Bom Jesus da Penha, Fortaleza de Minas, Itaú de Minas, Jacuí, Pratápolis, São Pedro da União, Cássia, Nova Resende, Passos and São Sebastião do Paraiso, in order to propose a model of management consortium to provide decisions. The Soft System (SSM) methodology established seven stages: documentary, field research, bibliographic review, diagnosis, data compilation and analysis of the actors involved in structuring the intermunicipal consortium. It was verified that in 80% of the municipalities the responsibility of the management of the CDW is of the public power, of which it lacks resources directed to the activity, besides finding them arranged in disorderly ways and places, without distinction of classes and care of the dangerousness. They do not have infrastructures such as ecopoints, ATTs, class A landfills and recycling plants. In the other 20%, the management is directed to companies of bucket, who are responsible for the final destination of the waste and some areas properly licensed. The builders do not present PGCDW and the PMGCDW public administration, they claim difficulties in complying with the guidelines established by the resolution, do not have collectors and transporters records, legislation, supervision and educational actions. In the unit, class A waste is predominant, with a similar percentage incidence among builders, denoting standardization of the construction processes. In this scenario, the management consortium was structured as Steps for the administrative headquarters of the association and 4 groups for the exercise of activities: Clusters 1 and 2 are composed of 4 municipalities and a landfill each, together comprise a mobile recycling plant, which will act in the ecopoints of each municipality for a period of 7 days. Clusters 3 and 4 operate in isolation due to the volume of CDW and territorial area, with the first 4 ecopoints, one ATT, one class A and one recycling plant operating for 30 days, and the second, 5 ecopoints, 2 ATT, 2 class A landfills and a recycling plant operating for 30 days in each ATT. The system will share services, technical and administrative staff, with an estimated cost of implementation of R $ 2,645,766.75 financed by own resources, state, federal or agreements. Due to its sustainable character, the short-term operational cost is managed by the municipalities' contribution, proportional to the volume of CDW generated and the use of infrastructures and services, and later with financial resources produced by the system itself.