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Atributos físico-hídricos do solo em sistemas consorciados de milho com adubos verdes sob manejo orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Trevisan, Murilo
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Silva, Laura Fernanda Simões da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2235270776321472
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
The use of plants in intercropping has the purpose of increasing the diversity of species, producing a greater amount of dry matter, greater root exploration, inducing improvements in soil physical and hydraulic attributes. The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of Crotalaria spectabilis and Cajanus cajan on soil physical and hydraulic attributes. The experiment was conducted in the 2017/2018 harvest in the city of Araras - SP, in Nitisols (Nitossolo Vermelho), in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of three maize intercropping with: MC) Crotalaria spectabilis (5 plants m-1); MG) Cajanus cajan (5 plants m-1); MCG) Crotalaria spectabilis and Cajanus cajan (10 plants m-1, five plants of each green manure), planted in the corn row and three control treatments: M) corn; C) Crotalaria spectabilis and G) Cajanus cajan, singles for temperature and soil moisture, besides: CANA) conventional cane and MN) forest fragment, for the other attributes. Soil temperatures were measured at 8, 12 and 17 hours in the phenological stages V5, V8, VT, R2, R4 and R6 in the row and between row of sowing and soil moisture in the corn sowing row for all treatments. The depths of evaluation were 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Deformed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at the same depths. Time, depth and line / interline positions influenced soil temperature, while depths and phenological stages influenced soil moisture. The intercroop reduced the temperature of the soil, mainly MG. Also, the MG reduced the soil moisture between V8 and R2 of maize. The introduction of Cajanus cajan in the consortium reduced soil density (DS) in the 0,10-0,20 m layer while the introduction of C. spectabilis reduced in the 0.20-0.40 m layer, compared to the CANA. C. spectabilis increased the macroporosity (Mac) in the layer 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m, whereas the Cajanus cajan increased Mac in the layer 0,10-0,20 m, in relation to M. The use of these species in intercropping did not cause significant differences for the soil resistance to penetration in any of the depths studied in relation to M.
Implicações do contexto universitário na saúde mental dos estudantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Oikawa, Fabiana Midori
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Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3651127195980418
The objective of this research was to investigate the university context and its implications on the mental health of students. The methodology was divided into two stages: the first consisted of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the forms of 288 undergraduate students who sought psychological care at the Psychology Service of the Sorocaba campus of UFSCar, where the researcher acts as a psychologist. The results revealed the predominance of female students (64.2%), first and second year students (60%) and non-scholarship holders of the Student Assistance Program (76.3%). Regarding the complaints related to the university, the categories with the highest rates were those associated with academic performance, professional doubt and difficulty in friendships, with 44%, 21.5% and 20% respectively. With the increase in the age group of students, a greater number of complaints were identified about academic performance, career future and complaints from teachers, which can be explained by the pressures arising from family and labor market and from themselves to complete the course, because they consider themselves behind due to age. In the second stage, four focus groups were held, with axes in the family, in the interpersonal relationship, in the academic and in the career, followed by the qualitative analysis of the speeches.The results pointed to the feeling of being pressured, due to the overload of tasks, and the competition among the students as triggering elements of psychological suffering. The results also included complaints about teachers, indicating the presence of bullying in the university environment. It was observed that aspects specific to institutions, such as bureaucracies and norms, cross relationships and make it difficult to form affective bonds between teachers and students.Some suggestions to minimize the psychological suffering of the students were presented by the participants of the focus groups, such as: provide spaces for exchange between teachers and students outside the classroom context, reduce the number of subjects in the curriculum and include participation in entities as a mandatory activity, create welcoming and relaxing spaces and greater performance of the student movement in issues of university mental health.
Estudo de concretos com adição de nanosílica submetidos à ação combinada de cloretos e CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Santos, Mariane Oliveira dos
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Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2040285870215774
Corrosion of reinforcement is one of the most severe pathological manifestations that can affect reinforced concrete structures, and the main aggressive agents of corrosion are chloride and CO2. Chlorine ions can cause corrosion even in situations in which the concrete is alkaline and the action of the CO2 results in the carbonation, that is the responsible for the despassivation of reinforcement. The study of these aggressive agents in an isolated manner is widely exploited, existing consensus in the results obtained in the experimental research. However, the study of the combined action is something more recent and yet there is not agreement in the obtained results, as the influence of the conjoint action of these aggressive agents in the durability of the reinforced concrete structures. Concurrently with this question, there is the need of to attain more durable concrete structures and, for this, incorporations are made to the concrete. Among the most used additions one could mention the active silica and most recently, with the advance of the nanotechnology, the nanosilica. These addictions promote the filling effect and pozzolanic effect in the cement matrix, resulting in a more durability of the concrete structure. This research was developed with the main objective of evaluating the behavior of the concretes with nanosilica addiction, when subjected the combined action of the chloride ions and the CO2. To achieve this, concrete cylindrical specimens were molded, in two relations water/binder ratios, 040 and 0,56. Concretes with the incorporation of 0%, 1%, 5% and 10% of nanosilica colloidal and 10% of active silica were studied. It was used superplasticizer additive only in the concretes with relation water/binder ratio 0,40 and the content to be used was determined by means of a consistency test, being fixed in (230±10) mm. Firstly, the concretes were subjected to tests of resistance to compression and absorption of water by concrete capillarity and, in both, the better results were presented by the concretes with the relation equal to 0,40, with the most efficient use being 10% of nanosilica. Sequentially, the concretes were subjected to durability tests, CO2 action and the attack of chlorides in isolated and combined form. In the accelerated carbonation tests, only the concretes with water / agglomeration relation equals to 0.56 presented a carbonation front, which occurred after 140 days of testing. The greatest advance of the carbonation front was verified in the tracing with the incorporation of 1% of nanosilica and 10% of active silica. In the combined tests, of chloride/accelerated carbonation, it was possible to verify the presence of carbonation front only in the concretes with water / agglomeration relation equals to 0.56, however, the fact happened faster, after 84 days in carbonation chamber. Hence, it can be concluded that the chlorine ions acted accelerating the carbonation process of the concretes. Both in isolated chloride tests and in the combined ones, in all the water / agglomeration relations studied, the use of mineral additives led to a reduction in the penetration depth of chlorine ions, with the addition of 10% of nanosilica being the most efficient. Comparing the isolated and combined tests, it is concluded that the CO2 acted contributing to a smaller advance of the chlorine ions in the concretes studie.
Mutilação cognitiva do clitóris: regimes de verdade sobre o corpo sexuado da fêmea humana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Jara, Iaci da Costa
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8188232532203281
The perception about the own body or about the body of others requires a specific vocabulary and a full range of categories to be understood and enunciated. From the first spark of thought to its enunciation, the apprehension of this organic mass that composes us depends on the culturally determined ways of seeing, naming, describing and classifying. Thus, it is proposed a sociological reading of biological knowledge in order to understand how the natural sciences found a knowable body called and identified as "female body". The objective of the present research is to understand the formation of clitoris knowledges focused on the regimes of truth about the human sexed body. Having as analytic support the genealogy of power of Michel Foucault, problematizations about the conditions of enunciability of bodies with clitoris are made. This investigation starts from technical knowledge of gynecology and psychoanalysis until arrive at the analysis of empirical objects present in brazilian daily life as a song, some jokes and a Science textbook that integrates educational public policies through the National Textbook Program. It is found that the formation of the western disciplines operated a clitoris cognitive ablation that is diffused by the daily relations sustaining power effects that restrict the possibilities of sexual and social fulfillment of the human females.
Molecular diversity and genetic structure of Saccharum complex accessions as revealed by TRAP markers
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Souza, Carolina Medeiros de
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Balsalobre, Thiago Willian Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6066420127585507
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Carneiro, Monalisa Sampaio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2696490871291334
Sugarcane has great economic importance for Brazil and for the world as a raw material, mainly for the production of sugar and ethanol. Conventional breeding is one of those responsible for raising productivity levels, however, the genetic gains for the characteristics of economic interest have been decreasing. The use of molecular markers to evaluate the genetic variability in germplasm banks can contribute to the genetic improvement in the selection of parents for crossing and consequent obtaining of superior progenies. Molecular markers of the TRAP (Target Region Amplification Polymorphism) type are anchored in functional genes that have the known sequence allowing to evaluate the variability in this region of the genome. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of Saccharum complex accessions that make up the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG) using TRAP markers anchored in sucrose and lignin metabolism genes. BPSG is installed in the field at the Agricultural Sciences Center (CCA) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The DNA of the accessions was extracted from the fresh meristem cylinder and the amplifications of the TRAP markers for sucrose and lignin were performed, respectively. The detection of amplified products was performed after electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide gel with silver nitrate staining. The obtained fragments were classified as "1" for presence and "0" for absence. From the total set of fragments obtained and using software R were estimated: i) genetic distance through the Jaccard coefficient; ii) PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) and DP (Discriminatory Power); iii) PCA (Principal Components Analysis) and; iv) dendrogram through the Neighbor-Joining method. In addition, AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) was also performed using GenAIEx software and population structure analysis using STRUCTURE software. TRAP markers generated a total of 595 fragments of which 584 (98.15%) were polymorphic. The mean genetic distance between the accessions was 0.3, with the shortest distance between accessions RB721012 and CB40-13 (0.10), and the longest distance between accessions SES205A and CAIANA FITA (0.62). The PIC ranged from 0.99 (F4 + Arbi1-S) to 0.95 (SuPS + Arbi2 and SuPS + Arbi3). The DP ranged from 0.95 (F4 + Arbi1-S) to 1 (StSy + Arbi3). The first and second main components explained 12.4% and 5.4% of the total variability expressed between the accessions, respectively. For AMOVA, the accessions were separated into three groups: i) ancestral (A), composed of accessions of Saccharum spp. and the genus Erianthus; ii) Brazilian breedings (BB), containing the accessions of the Brazilian breeding programs; and iii) foreign hybrids (FH), composed of accessions originated from other countries. When AMOVA was performed between groups A and BB, the fixation index was 0.14 (14% of the total variation between the two groups), while the indexes between the BB and FH groups and between A and FH were corresponding to 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. The analysis of population structure showed the formation of two groups: the first composed by the accessions of group A - and the second containing the accessions of groups BB and FH. In the dendrogram, the accessions were divided in 3 clades, and clade 1 was composed mainly by accessions of group A and FH, while clades 2 and 3 by accessions of group BB. Thus, through TRAP markers associated with sucrose and lignin genes, it was possible to estimate the genetic diversity of BPSG and population structure. The data obtained in this work can be explored in the future for studies of association and help breeding programs in the choice of parents and obtaining of superior progenies.
Um estudo semântico-enunciativo da palavra escravidão em dicionários de língua portuguesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Dourado, Winnie Tathiane
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Machado, Carolina de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597137507131618
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5838699587068765
From the concepts of the theory of Semantics of the Event, as proposed by Guimarães (2002), such as designation and rewriting, we propose to analyze the meaning of the word slavery in Portuguese language dictionaries. We have in mind that this object - the dictionary – is conceived as a linguistic instrument not excused from the reality, and, as Auroux (1992: 70) says, "it means that the appearance of linguistic instruments does not leave intact the human linguistic practices." Specifically, the objective of this dissertation is to answer the following questions: with the end of slavery, the meaning of this word and its uses have been affected? What, according to some dictionaries, did and does slavery mean? Based on these questions, the corpus of this dissertation is composed of lexicographic definitions from Portuguese language dictionaries that cover the periods of the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. These dictionaries are printed and electronic, ranging from the Portuguese and Latin Vocabulary of Raphael Bluteau (1712 -1728), considered a landmark of Portuguese lexicography to the currently widely used digital version of the Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese Language from the Antônio Houaiss Institute ( 2009). At the end we can point out traits that characterize a lexicographic definition and throughout the analyzes we perceived a silencing of the black slavery in Brazil, what happens in the dictionaries during and after the slave period.
Agricultura familiar e agroecologia: um caso de desenvolvimento econômico no semiárido alagoano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Silva, Danessa Rafaella da
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Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7370557799082151
This research was developed in the state of Alagoas, precisely in the backlands, in the municipality of Pão de Açúcar, where the Association of Producers in Agroecology - APAOrgânico is located. This association has set up as a reference in the semiarid region, because your associated farmers through social technology - PAIS (Sustainable Integrated Agroecological Production) started an journey of production free of chemical additives,where part won their participation as producers of the Social Control Organization. The APAOrgânico has 29 members, however, 22 active as producers who access government programs: Food Acquisition Program - PAA and National School Feeding Program - PNAE, and others who also participate in the free fair of the referred municipality. This way up, the research a general objective of is to evaluate the role of agroecology in the socioeconomic conditions of family farmers members of the Association (APAOrgânico), AL. As the chosen methodology, has a case study by means the approach the qualitative and quantitative approach, and for the obtaining of these data were applied semi-structured forms the 11 farmers in addition to technical visits the productive units. And, from this primary methodology and secondary research, it is possible to highlight some results as: of the 1,539 agricultural establishments of the municipality of Pão de Açúcar, only 3.45% used some type of pesticide in their properties; the population served by social technologies water access presents 4,156 families and 17,802 people (water for production) and 100,756 people (water for drinking) in Alagoas; After insertion in the PNAE and PAA programs, 66.67% of farmers declared that family food increased in quantity and quality improvement; they were analyzed the forms of obtaining of monetary income in addition to the income of institutional channels; Data obtained from non-monetary income vary from R$ 832.00 to R$ 69,313.00. The main conclusions of the present study show that public policies will always be part of rural development and that long-term economic and environmental sustainability will be realized by enhancing agroecological family farming.
Há relação entre personalidade e cognição em larvas de odonata?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-29)
Zenni, Tatiene Mendonça
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Ferreira, Rhainer Guillermo Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2440863332849994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4181274909260441
Recently, researchers have focused their attention to the relationship between cognition and personality. Due to their striking diversity of behavioral patterns, insects have been proven an interesting object to address the evolution of between animal cognition and personality. Although some studies suggest that odonates may have personalities and learn, no study made experimental procedures using conditioning methods. Therefore, here we addressed whether dragonfly larvae are able to learn in an absolute conditioning experiment with visual stimuli (red and blue). Moreover, we tested whether learning was dependent on personality, measured as activity in predatory risk tests. The results suggest that larvae learn to associate a blue unconditioned stimulus with prey, and that this cognitive process is dependent on personality. More active larvae were faster-learners and showed more correct responses towards the positive stimulus. We conclude that dragonflies may become a good model for studying insect personality and cognition, and, future studies should endeavor on how dragonfly cognition and personality affect fitness in different environments.
Padrões filogenéticos de comunidades vegetais em um gradiente altitudinal na Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30)
Mattos, Jacqueline Salvi de
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Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4360061354751397
Since the beginning of ecology studies, scientists have been worried in exploring natural communities and how the vary across time and space, looking for patterns to describe. Mountains are often great systems to study these patterns of diversity and how environmental factors can shape them. Phylogenetic diversity, one of the ways of measuring biological diversity, incorporates the evolutionary history of species, and along with other methods of species distributions, can help in the investigation of biogeographic patterns in many scales. In the present study, we used four metrics of phylogenetics diversity and spatial structure (phylogenetic species richness, phylogenetics species variability, specific overrepresentation score and geographic node divergence) and their relationship to environmental filters, along an elevational gradient, to study the influence of niche conservatism and node allopatry. We have studied the vascular plant flora of rocky grasslands in the Cipó Mountains, located in the Espinhaço Range, Southeastern Brazil. We allocated 180 1m² plots in five areas along the altitude gradient (ranging from 800 to 1400 m) and collected all angiosperm species present in those. We also collected soil properties and declivity. The phylogenetic species variability decreased with altitude, whereas richness increased. Therefore, the clustering of species increased towards more elevated areas. Both metrics presented significate relationships with environmental variables such as pH, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, confirming that intensity of environmental filters have also increased with altitude. Regarding the other two metrics, we found three allopatric nodes in the phylogeny, which separates: Monocots from Eudicots, Eriocaulaceae from Poaceae, Xyridaceae from Cyperaceae. With that we could reveal the nodes with the higher degrees of environmental and geographic divergence, which could also lead to exploration of major biogeographical changes in their distributions. Finally, we concluded that there is a pattern of phylogenetic diversity and structure along the environmental gradient of the Cipó Mountains. Thus, plant species from rocky grasslands probably have their main traits conserved, and mostly, are shaped by environmental filters.
Silenciamento e tomada de palavra: ambivalências discursivas em pronunciamentos de Evo Morales e Lula da Silva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30)
Pereira, Maísa Ramos
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Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4570938983795878
In this work, based on materialist Discourse Analysis, we analyze linguistic formulations of Evo Morales and Lula da Silva, extracted from their respective first presidential inaugurations. We discuss issues concerning discursive processes involving the silencing of minority majorities and the word-of-mouth of their spokespersons. The emergence of representative rulers of majorities allows us to observe how exclusionary the "democratic" regime is: centuries have gone by until representatives with characteristics of historically marginalized social segments who embodied language, body and voice of those who could supposedly exercise their sovereignty under democracy. In this sense, we seek to understand the historical and discursive process of the construction of Presidents Evo Morales and Lula da Silva as political representatives, analyzing, in their public statements, constructions of a particular identity and / or generic republican identity, production of conciliations and / or consensuses, marks of historicity of the struggles of social movements and of leaderships that preceded them and that established their respective paths to the presidency of the Republic, relations with opponents and mentions to the poorest segments of the population. Through the taking of words by subjects that emerge from a socially silenced and excluded majority, which succeeds in raising one of their own, our thesis is that ambivalent discursive functions occur in the pronouncements of possession of such historical subjects derived from the oscillation between the events of their political ascents and the political history of their countries, between the popular conquest and the aristocratic concession, between the need to speak of social struggles and not to name opponents. From the silencing to the taking the floor, in the irruption of the discursive event, there are previous histories of struggles as well as imposed silencing, that compete for the ways of saying of such subjects. In such a way, Evo Morales and Lula da Silva carry out the historical narratives of their peoples, while they undergo historical discursive coercions about their speeches. Since discourse is something that struggles and is a power that must be seized, to exercise its right to make itself heard, subjects whose lives are excluded and exploited do not have the public speech with transformative potential at their disposal. It is necessary to take the floor. Thus, the place of speech will contribute to the legitimacy and performative force of what is said by the people and their representatives, because these lines have the foundation and consistency of life and a History of struggles.
Território da cidadania do Cariri: os programas de fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30)
Costa Junior, Juscelino Martins
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Bergamasco, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863899187043019
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Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016
The attention of the State to the Brazilian countryside was for a long time focused only on the medium and large producer. In the mid-1990s family farming was considered in some state actions. In this sense, programs and public policies were implemented. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the role of the State, through its actions and programs of public policies, in the strengthening of rural settlements in the Citizenship Territory of Cariri Ceará. As a methodology was carried out a qualitative study, with the application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, as well as participatory observation methods. In 2008, the Territory of Citizenship program was created and in 2009 the program began in Cariri, the largest in Ceará, with 29 municipalities. It was found that few settlers were able to access programs such as the PNAE and the PAA. Low access to the Programs was linked to local environmental characteristics and lack of technical assistance and rural extension services. The NEDET's aim is to support territorial colleges, to disseminate methods and technologies geared to the social management of territorial politics, but it has not been able to attend and not to insert the federal settlements in its plan of action. The State, with all its policies, has the potential to promote development in settlements and for all family agriculture in Cariri, but it is necessary to work more steadily with a network of actors who favor agriculture.
Avaliação da gestão de projetos de inovação no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - IFSULDEMINAS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30)
Novaes, Paulo Henrique
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7092604290264977
This dissertation addresses the results of research focused on innovation projects managed by a scientific technological institution (ICT) in the context of program and project management. The theoretical framework is based on the PMBOK guide (6th ed.), The Standard for Program Management (SPM), both developed by the Project Management Institute (PMI) and the Model Practical NCTP "Diamond" (Shenhar et al., 2005). Among the various public ICTs that promote innovation, the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology emerge in a regional environment. The objective of the research was to evaluate the management of the program and its innovation projects to improve the performance of IFSULDEMINAS in fulfilling its strategic mission to promote innovation in its territorial environment. Research is defined as predominantly qualitative, exploratory-descriptive, delineated as a single case study. The analysis of the public and private documents allowed to describe the profile of the innovation projects and to compare the management of the Institutional Program of Incentive to the Development of Technological Innovation (PIIDIT) with the PMI-SPM standard. The data collected by questionnaire allowed to evaluate the final maturity (AFM), adherence to the levels and dimensions of maturity of the project managers and the management of PIIDIT, according to model Prado-MMGP Sector. Regarding the comparison between PIIDIT management and PMI-SPM program management standard, the results demonstrated that quality and risk program activities, such as program activity management plans, need to be created and executed. In addition, it demonstrated that the lack of a specific computer program and a project management office or a human resources adequacy in the NTI/IFSULDEMINAS, become critical points for future pretensions. The profile of the innovation projects completed in PIIDIT points out congruent characteristics related to innovative projects, in addition the data obtained through the AFM, adherence to the levels and dimensions of maturity allowed to conclude that both innovation project managers and management of PIIDIT are at level 2 (known) of maturity, but with a maturity level to other brazilian references and with the potential to evolve from a growth plan in maturity in management.
Ampliação do repertório de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) após uma intervenção comportamental não intensiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30)
Manoni, Nathalia de Vasconcelos
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8486242805328688
It is known the people with developmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), present significant deficits in the various areas of development. The ABA behavioral intervention (in English: Applied Behavior Analysis – Applied Behavior Analysis) is the one that shows the greatest evidence of effectiveness and it consists on assessing and intervening in a systematic and progressive manner, favoring repertories of the child in all areas of development, such as: language socialization, self-care, academic skills (Languages, History, Mathematics, etc), motor skills, among others. The purpose of this study was to analyze in retrospect the effects of a non-intensive intervention (1 hour and 30 minutes to 3 hours per week), applied by an interdisciplinary team to 4 children diagnosed with ASD. The following steps were analyzed: pretests to assess the children’s input repertoire; intervention applied by professionals during a maximum of twenty-two (22) months, and two post-tests carried out during and after the intervention period. The effectiveness measures of the non-intensive intervention were presented and discussed according to the skills and parameters described by Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program-guide – VBMAPP (Sundberg, 2008). It was evidenced gains in repertoire of the children with ASD, specially on language skills. The research results suggest that the effectiveness of the non-intensive intervention was facilitated by the interdisciplinary approach based on ABA principles. It is expected that the discussion on the obtained results and the structure of the analyzed intervention can provide information for the planning and implementation of more accessible interventions for families of the children with ASD, when compared to the cost of intensive interventions.
Decomposição in situ de macrófitas aquáticas: influência das características de diferentes ecossistemas, atividade celulolítica e interação de macroinvertebrados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30)
Schiavone, Daniele Cristina
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Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0929824061582314
Macrophytes are plants that actively participate in the biogeochemical cycles of aquatic ecosystems. They are important in dynamics and cycling, especially in the carbon cycle. The determination of the decomposition kinetics is a result of the environmental factors in association to the intrinsic characteristics of each species. The present study described the in situ decomposition kinetics of Salvinia auriculata and Urochloa arrecta macrophytes, isolated and mixed, in two types of systems, lentic and lotic, with two types of water, oligotrophic, at Fazzari in São Carlos (SP), and humic water, at Parque das Dunas, in Salvador (BA), with litterbags of thick mesh, in order to allow the interaction of macroinvertebrates, and with fine mesh, without the presence of these organisms. On sample days 1, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 (n = 216), the plant samples were placed in the systems in triplicates with the combinations. The limnological variables were analyzed to verify their influence in the decomposition process, as well as measured the organic matter, the total fibers and the enzymatic activity of the detritus cellulase. The decomposition decay parameters were obtained by means of mathematical modeling. Statistics were applied to verify the differences between limnological variables, kinetic and mass loss, aquatic organisms abundances, fiber content in detritus and enzymatic decomposition activities. Environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, conductivity and carbon had influences in some treatments, regardless of the type of system. Salvinia auriculata presented a slower decomposition with respect to Urochloa arrecta isolated, so that the mixture of species was maintained with intermediate values in the majority of treatments of the Fazzari system. As for the study done at Parque das Dunas, there were no significant differences in the loss of mass and in the time of decomposition of the different treatments. It also did not present significant alteration related to the macrophyte type. Therefore, humic water was the most relevant factor in this environment. The presence of macroinvertebrates did not affect the decomposition kinetics. Urochloa arrecta presented lower fiber contents compared to Salvinia auriculata, the difference was mainly in relation to the lignin content. The enzymatic kinetics were mainly affected by the type of macrophytes, being the largest accumulation obtained with Urochloa arrecta. The lentic and lotic systems did not present differences even in relation to the type of mesh used. In short, the decomposition process was influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, depending on the experimental conditions tested.
Transporte e exclusão social: um estudo de caso nas áreas rurais e periurbanas da cidade de Itirapina – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30)
Carvalho, Camila Umbelino
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7049053880288745
Spatial characteristics are related to the level of mobility and accessibility of people inserted in a given society. In low-density areas, transport faces more specific challenges such as urban sprawling, long-distance travel, and sometimes a precarious road system. These challenges, when associated with some socioeconomic profiles, may create transport disadvantage and inhibition of access to vital activities, and in some cases risk of exclusion. Given that, the main topic of this work is focused on groups of transport disadvantage residents of low-density areas, mainly rural and peri-urban areas. It was also performed analysis in the way socioeconomic profiles affect transport disadvantage and may relate to social exclusion. Data were collected by a survey applied to 75 residents of rural and peri-urban regions of the city of Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS IBM. Results indicate that women, the elderly, students, low-income individuals, lower members in the family structure, unemployed, individuals without driver’s license or automobiles are more susceptible to transport disadvantage. It can be highlighted that individuals without a driver's license present more differences related to transport disadvantage when compared with those with a driver's license. Regarding travel characterization, transport disadvantage individuals present different behavior of trips. They usually present fewer alternatives for their commute regarding transport mode. Also, the ones in transport disadvantage situation tended to perform their commute more often in times in which Transports for Rural Schools were available. This tendency evidenced a higher dependency on this mode of transport. Lastly, it was found a relationship between transport disadvantage and dimensions of social exclusion. After all, this research can benefit the studied area in terms of formulation of transport guidelines and promotion of social inclusion to residents most affected by transport disadvantage.
Sistemas agroflorestais como projetos de vida: um estudo a partir de um assentamento rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31)
Steyer, Fabia Schneider
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Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016
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Bergamasco, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863899187043019
Agroforestry Systens (SAFs) are a way of agricultural production in which the tree component is part of the agroecossystem. Due to advantageous characteristics of less use of external inputs, production diversity, low maintenance costs, among others, has been pointed out as an ideal strategy for rural development for family farming. In the Ipanema Settlement, located in Iperó / SP, several initiatives for the implementation of SAFs and environmental conservation occurred throughout its history. Between the years of 2013 to 2017 the projects Plantando Águas I and Projeto de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável Microbacias II – Acesso ao Mercado, implemented SAFs, and other actions, in this place. The objective of this research is to evaluate whether the SAFs implanted by these two projects contributed to the quality of life of settled families, and the relation with the permanence of the young people in the settlement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key informants of the projects, with the families that were benefited and, through two focus groups, with some young people from these families. The speeches were used for analysis, through their content and discourse, also supported by observations noted in the field notebook. The results showed that the projects were means of accessing training and resources, and generated a positive impact on the lives of beneficiaries, adding 62 implanted areas. Technical Assistance and Rural Extension organizations and farmers (cooperatives and associations) also benefited from the physical structure and experience generated by the deployment process. However, some barriers were observed, the main discontinuity of projects and bureaucracy. Some of the barriers during the implementation process affected the full development of the SAF, and most are in the medium level of development. internal problems to the settlement and families also affected, such as lack of basic infrastructure, social vulnerability, low labor and access to markets, as well as limited financial resources for investment. Despite the difficulties, the SAF already show results as improved soil quality and increase food production, and most of the families have future projects linked to SAFs. As for the young people, the exodus of these to the city is recurrent, which is related mainly to poor infrastructure conditions and of difficulty of generating of own income of the young from the work in the lot. Still, many of these build life projects related to the settlement, even when not directly related to work in agriculture. The SAFs in the Ipanema Settlement are in a process of transition, and have brought expectations and encouragement to the community. The permanence, whether young people or other family members, are linked to socio-economic issues that go beyond the SAF, requiring that they are bound to a broader public policy development support. These experiences have generated benefits and learning, and, given the necessary stimulus, can be configured in an example of rural development around Agroecology and SAFs.
Proposta para alinhamento entre os níveis de maturidade da sustentabilidade e dos sistemas de medição de desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31)
Silva, Brena Bezerra
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6895269832274542
Corporate sustainability requires the implementation of sustainability practices and involves management activities to meet the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental and social. These changes are complex and do not occur in the only one and simultaneously way. They happen as the organization changes its maturity level. The same occurs to the performance measurement system (PMS) that is a central element in measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of operations management. Both sustainability and PMS have different levels of maturity, which need to be aligned to provide relevant information on sustainability performance to the different decision-makers in the organization. In this context, this thesis aims to propose a model to assess the alignment between the sustainability and PMS maturity levels. For that, a maturity model was developed combining the sustainability and PMS maturity models picked up from a systematic literature review. The proposed model contains a theoretical alignment with multiple dimensions of sustainability and PMS and four levels of maturity, which served as a basis for data collection and analysis. The research method was a multiple case study applied in four companies with different levels of maturity in sustainability. The proposed model was the foundation of case studies. The results pointed out that the model evaluates properly the alignment and misalignment between the maturity of sustainability and the maturity of the performance measurement system. Companies with intermediate levels of maturity showed a more evident misalignment, as the level of maturity changes. The reason is the priority growth in some areas of the company, to the detriment of other areas. It also was observed that the priority dimensions of sustainability are those related to the requirements of external stakeholders. In these areas, the use of PMS occurs due to the establishment of goals and controls. Thus, there is an alignment between these dimensions of sustainability and some dimensions of the PMS, however other dimensions do not accompany this alignment. The mature company presented a better alignment of the dimensions studied. At this level, the alignment between sustainability and PMS occurs, as the company has investments in sustainability in all areas and there is definition, control and review of goals for sustainability and, thus, it was possible to observe a more sustainable management efficient.
Microestruturas de zeína produzidas pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução visando à incorporação e liberação lenta de vitamina C
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31)
Scagion, Vanessa Priscila
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8411639103941965
The development of functional micro/nanostructures for use in the agricultural area is relevant and has the potential to reduce the consumption of inputs with improved efficiency of the final product. In this context, the production of polymeric structures by solution blow spinning (SB-Spinning) has been proposed as a valuable technique for allowing the production of fibrous structures in micro/nanometric scale with high production rate and in-situ applications. Currently, SB-Spinning has been mostly used in the production of fibers, which are used purely or as a matrix for carrying chemical additives to provide the fiber more functionalities for varied applications. This work aims to evaluate the use of SB-Spinning technique in the production of micro/nanostructures of zeins as fibers and particles, aiming to use them as matrices for incorporation of vitamin C for slow release applications, which find application in fish dietary. Two structures were obtained as fibers and "bags" (particles), being thus evaluated the rheological behavior of the polymer solutions, in order to understand how such structures were formed. The "bags" were chosen to be used as a model of incorporation of vitamin C presenting an incorporation efficiency of about 73,3%, besides having a fast release (5 minutes). In addition, the produced structures presented a reproducible release profile, showing potential for the production of systems for the incorporation and release of vitamin C, preserving their physical and chemical characteristics.
Influência da seca e inundação nas comunidades microbianas metanogênicas e metanotróficas em planícies aluviais de rios de águas negra, barrenta e clara da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31)
Bento, Marilia de Souza
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Carmo, Janaina Braga do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903
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Navarrete, Acacio Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2264331242602494
Soils from wetland areas contribute significantly to the global methane (CH4) budget. In this sense, this work was designed to evaluate the influence of dry and flooding in the active microbial communities involved in the production and consumption of CH4 in wetland areas under forest and traditional farming system in Amazonian black, white and clear floodplains. Molecular RNA- and 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based analyzes, and soil physicochemical analyzes were performed to reveal the soil methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial communities and investigate the relationships between these microbial communities and the physcochemical factors of soil from forest sites and traditional agricultural systems in two different soil layers (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and in two seasonal periods (dry and wet season). Microorganisms belonging to the order Methanocellales dominated the active methanogenic communities in soils of the black floodplain, while these communities were dominated by Methanomasiliicoccales in white and clear floodplains. The methanotrophic communities active in floodplain soils with the different water types were dominated by microorganisms belonging to the NC10 class. This class of bacteria assembles organisms that perform the assimilation of nitrate and nitrite for anaerobic oxidation of CH4. The observed variation in the composition of the active microbial methanogenic and methanotrophic communities among the different samples from Amazonian floodplains was explained in 53.3 % and 22.6 %, respectively, by the edaphic factors analyzed. Taken together, the results of this study open possibilities for interpretations about the production and consumption of CH4 in wetland areas of Amazonia based on the particular characteristics of the black, white and clear floodplains, dissociating them among themselves based on active methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial communities and edaphic factors, and not just by water type.
Análise da implementação do Programa Saúde na Escola em um município do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31)
Muñoz, Maria Cristina Muñoz
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Arantes, Cássia Irene Spinelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4246837549578145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6176506086862975
The family health teams have as guidelines to establish a close relationship with the population of the regions where they work and together with the education teams in the implementation of the Health in School Program (PSE), can strengthen the union between these two important sectors, concretizing the principle of intersectoriality in the Unified Health System. This research had as general objective to analyze the implementation of the PSE in a municipality of the interior of the state of São Paulo. And as specific objectives, identify the actions of the PSE in the School implemented by the teams of family health and education and analyze the perceptions of health professionals and education regarding the process of implementation of the PSE. It is a study of the identification of actions and perceptions about a given practice, using the precepts of qualitative research. The subjects of the study were 16 health and education professionals in a municipality of the interior of the state of São Paulo. For data collection, we used a documentary survey and individual interviews with professionals through a semi-structured interview script. For the data analysis, the Bardin, content analysis was used, by means of which the following thematic categories were formulated: actions developed in the PSE, the meaning of health promotion in the school, the importance of the PSE and the intersectoriality.In the PSE the results of the research indicate that in most situations, the school seems to open the space so that the health team can carry out actions with students that are already determined by the health sector. There is a consensus on the good relationship that they affirmed to exist between both sectors, but the statements of the professionals also showed that there is a certain role of the health sector as a precursor of the initiatives of the actions implemented in the PSE. To what can be apprehended, there seems to be an easy communication between health and education, but it does not indicate a complete integration, since the health sector already has a previous programming of the actions to be implemented in the school.