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Proposta para alinhamento entre os níveis de maturidade da sustentabilidade e dos sistemas de medição de desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Silva, Brena Bezerra; Martins, Roberto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6895269832274542
Corporate sustainability requires the implementation of sustainability practices and involves management activities to meet the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental and social. These changes are complex and do not occur in the only one and simultaneously way. They happen as the organization changes its maturity level. The same occurs to the performance measurement system (PMS) that is a central element in measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of operations management. Both sustainability and PMS have different levels of maturity, which need to be aligned to provide relevant information on sustainability performance to the different decision-makers in the organization. In this context, this thesis aims to propose a model to assess the alignment between the sustainability and PMS maturity levels. For that, a maturity model was developed combining the sustainability and PMS maturity models picked up from a systematic literature review. The proposed model contains a theoretical alignment with multiple dimensions of sustainability and PMS and four levels of maturity, which served as a basis for data collection and analysis. The research method was a multiple case study applied in four companies with different levels of maturity in sustainability. The proposed model was the foundation of case studies. The results pointed out that the model evaluates properly the alignment and misalignment between the maturity of sustainability and the maturity of the performance measurement system. Companies with intermediate levels of maturity showed a more evident misalignment, as the level of maturity changes. The reason is the priority growth in some areas of the company, to the detriment of other areas. It also was observed that the priority dimensions of sustainability are those related to the requirements of external stakeholders. In these areas, the use of PMS occurs due to the establishment of goals and controls. Thus, there is an alignment between these dimensions of sustainability and some dimensions of the PMS, however other dimensions do not accompany this alignment. The mature company presented a better alignment of the dimensions studied. At this level, the alignment between sustainability and PMS occurs, as the company has investments in sustainability in all areas and there is definition, control and review of goals for sustainability and, thus, it was possible to observe a more sustainable management efficient.
Microestruturas de zeína produzidas pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução visando à incorporação e liberação lenta de vitamina C
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Scagion, Vanessa Priscila; Corrêa, Daniel Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8411639103941965
The development of functional micro/nanostructures for use in the agricultural area is relevant and has the potential to reduce the consumption of inputs with improved efficiency of the final product. In this context, the production of polymeric structures by solution blow spinning (SB-Spinning) has been proposed as a valuable technique for allowing the production of fibrous structures in micro/nanometric scale with high production rate and in-situ applications. Currently, SB-Spinning has been mostly used in the production of fibers, which are used purely or as a matrix for carrying chemical additives to provide the fiber more functionalities for varied applications. This work aims to evaluate the use of SB-Spinning technique in the production of micro/nanostructures of zeins as fibers and particles, aiming to use them as matrices for incorporation of vitamin C for slow release applications, which find application in fish dietary. Two structures were obtained as fibers and "bags" (particles), being thus evaluated the rheological behavior of the polymer solutions, in order to understand how such structures were formed. The "bags" were chosen to be used as a model of incorporation of vitamin C presenting an incorporation efficiency of about 73,3%, besides having a fast release (5 minutes). In addition, the produced structures presented a reproducible release profile, showing potential for the production of systems for the incorporation and release of vitamin C, preserving their physical and chemical characteristics.
Sistemas agroflorestais como projetos de vida: um estudo a partir de um assentamento rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Steyer, Fabia Schneider; Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016; Bergamasco, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863899187043019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1353094869100823
Agroforestry Systens (SAFs) are a way of agricultural production in which the tree component is part of the agroecossystem. Due to advantageous characteristics of less use of external inputs, production diversity, low maintenance costs, among others, has been pointed out as an ideal strategy for rural development for family farming. In the Ipanema Settlement, located in Iperó / SP, several initiatives for the implementation of SAFs and environmental conservation occurred throughout its history. Between the years of 2013 to 2017 the projects Plantando Águas I and Projeto de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável Microbacias II – Acesso ao Mercado, implemented SAFs, and other actions, in this place. The objective of this research is to evaluate whether the SAFs implanted by these two projects contributed to the quality of life of settled families, and the relation with the permanence of the young people in the settlement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key informants of the projects, with the families that were benefited and, through two focus groups, with some young people from these families. The speeches were used for analysis, through their content and discourse, also supported by observations noted in the field notebook. The results showed that the projects were means of accessing training and resources, and generated a positive impact on the lives of beneficiaries, adding 62 implanted areas. Technical Assistance and Rural Extension organizations and farmers (cooperatives and associations) also benefited from the physical structure and experience generated by the deployment process. However, some barriers were observed, the main discontinuity of projects and bureaucracy. Some of the barriers during the implementation process affected the full development of the SAF, and most are in the medium level of development. internal problems to the settlement and families also affected, such as lack of basic infrastructure, social vulnerability, low labor and access to markets, as well as limited financial resources for investment. Despite the difficulties, the SAF already show results as improved soil quality and increase food production, and most of the families have future projects linked to SAFs. As for the young people, the exodus of these to the city is recurrent, which is related mainly to poor infrastructure conditions and of difficulty of generating of own income of the young from the work in the lot. Still, many of these build life projects related to the settlement, even when not directly related to work in agriculture. The SAFs in the Ipanema Settlement are in a process of transition, and have brought expectations and encouragement to the community. The permanence, whether young people or other family members, are linked to socio-economic issues that go beyond the SAF, requiring that they are bound to a broader public policy development support. These experiences have generated benefits and learning, and, given the necessary stimulus, can be configured in an example of rural development around Agroecology and SAFs.
Análise da implementação do Programa Saúde na Escola em um município do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Muñoz, Maria Cristina Muñoz; Arantes, Cássia Irene Spinelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4246837549578145; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6176506086862975
The family health teams have as guidelines to establish a close relationship with the population of the regions where they work and together with the education teams in the implementation of the Health in School Program (PSE), can strengthen the union between these two important sectors, concretizing the principle of intersectoriality in the Unified Health System. This research had as general objective to analyze the implementation of the PSE in a municipality of the interior of the state of São Paulo. And as specific objectives, identify the actions of the PSE in the School implemented by the teams of family health and education and analyze the perceptions of health professionals and education regarding the process of implementation of the PSE. It is a study of the identification of actions and perceptions about a given practice, using the precepts of qualitative research. The subjects of the study were 16 health and education professionals in a municipality of the interior of the state of São Paulo. For data collection, we used a documentary survey and individual interviews with professionals through a semi-structured interview script. For the data analysis, the Bardin, content analysis was used, by means of which the following thematic categories were formulated: actions developed in the PSE, the meaning of health promotion in the school, the importance of the PSE and the intersectoriality.In the PSE the results of the research indicate that in most situations, the school seems to open the space so that the health team can carry out actions with students that are already determined by the health sector. There is a consensus on the good relationship that they affirmed to exist between both sectors, but the statements of the professionals also showed that there is a certain role of the health sector as a precursor of the initiatives of the actions implemented in the PSE. To what can be apprehended, there seems to be an easy communication between health and education, but it does not indicate a complete integration, since the health sector already has a previous programming of the actions to be implemented in the school.
Prospecção de regiões pleiotrópicas para características complexas relevantes ao melhoramento bovino a partir de GWAS bi-característica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Buss, Carlos Eduardo; Mourão, Gerson Barreto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9445730779415218; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595338480545794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8529115487004161
The demand for sustainable beef production systems drives the development of new tools that aim to reduce the production costs and to avoid losses in meat quality. The objective of this study was to identify possible interactions among meat quality, calcium (Ca2+) content and feed efficiency, as well as to investigate which biological mechanisms underlie Nelore's complex traits modulation. For this, we estimated heritability, genetic correlations, and bivariate Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Our results indicated that the efficient animal's selection (low RFI) may not necessarily generate animals with less subcutaneous fat deposition, but may increase intramuscular fat (IMF). We identified a region located on chromosome 20, close to the genes CD180 and MAST4, both related to the regulation of lipid metabolism. IMF showed no correlation with other fat deposits in our data, indicating this trait could be selected independently from the others for breeding purposes. In the second chapter, we analyzed the influence of Ca2+ on meat tenderness measured at 14 days after slaughter (WSF14), and we estimated a negative correlation between these traits, which evidences a low shear force indices (tender beef) are associated with high Ca2+ content index. These associations may be the effect of calcium-dependent proteases on meat tenderness. From an integrative Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) approach, combining bivariate GWAS and cis-eQTL (SMR), we identified two candidate genes (DAP3 and ALKBH3) regulators of apoptosis, essential for the muscle-to-meat conversion process. Thus, the approaches allowed to estimate the association of complex phenotypes relevant to bovine breeding, as well as to indicate new candidate genes and metabolic pathways, decomposing part of the additive variance of these traits, contributing toward new strategies on genomic selection.
Indicadores de produção científica para prospecção tecnológica em manufatura aditiva de biocerâmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Porto, André Candido; Milanez, Douglas Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9233120345793647; Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9122280665650817
In the Bone Tissue Engineering, biomaterials are used as scaffolds to produce a support and cell growing. Because of the similarity to the bones cells, ceramic compounds are the main materials used to produce the scaffold. However, the primary challenge of producing them relies on conformation, due to anatomical complex geometry. Under this perspective, the additive manufacturing technology (AM) is seen as a solution, because of its conformational liberty of parts production. Thus, a technological forecasting establish a scene of the AM researches in development and understate the uncertain towards the future of bioceramics application. This research aims to map the scientific and technological progress of bioceramics use in AM trough scientific indicators made in the technological forecasting context. The methodology is based on the use of bibliometry in a recordset of scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science database, and as complement, AM experts evaluations were used to arbitrate the scientific method. The recovered records were filtrated and classified by traditional scientific indicators and by text mining, the extraction of AM and bioceramics were made to produce advanced scientific indicators. The indicators analysis revealed a global tendency of growth in scientific papers of AM, with USA, China and Germany as the main countries with research in this topic. Brazil is the 20th country in this scenario, with the South and Southeast public education institutes as main agents. Regarding AM technologies the Powder Bed Fusion and Vat Polymerization, nonetheless the general processes were the one with the highest number of publications. The recurrent bioceramics were Calcium Phosphates, Alumina, Zirconia and a highlight to the glass and glass ceramics.
Desenvolvimento de dispositivos descartáveis e de baixo custo para a detecção de biomarcadores relacionados ao câncer de colo uterino e endometrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Baldo, Thaisa Aparecida; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6150188346082884
Cervical cancer (CC) and endometrial cancer (EC) are malignant neoplasms that affect women worldwide and the early diagnosis of these cancers is still limited. The incidence of these malignancies has been increasing year by year and, therefore, there is a great interest in new tools to enable a more accurate early diagnosis, increasing treatment efficiency and, consequently, reducing mortality rates. In this view, this work proposes the construction of disposable electrochemical devices for detection of CC and EC-related protein biomarkers by sandwich-type immunoassays using magnetic particles and nanoparticles for the capture and separation of analytes. These devices were manufactured using screen printing and inkjet printing techniques. The first work developed comprised the construction of screen-printing electrodes, composing a microfluidic cell that was constituted by an arrangement of 8 working electrodes connected with a pseudo-reference electrode and a counter electrode. The device was applied in the multiplexed detection of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor protein Tp53 (Tp53) biomarkers. These devices were manufactured using screen printing and inkjet printing techniques. The first work developed comprised the construction of screen-printing electrodes, composing a microfluidic cell that was constituted by an arrangement of 8 working electrodes connected with a pseudo-reference electrode and a counter electrode. The device was applied in the multiplexed detection of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor protein Tp53 (Tp53) biomarkers. For this, monoclonal antibodies (Ab1) were anchored on the surface of previously modified working electrodes with a bilayer formed poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated with glutathione. Magnetic particles (PMs) modified with polyclonal antibodies (Ab2) and enzyme peroxidase (HRP) as electrochemical marker were used to capture and separate the biomarkers in serum samples from patients with CC and CE and injected into the microfluidic device for detection by immunoassay of the sandwich type. Low detection limits (LD) of 0.23 fg mL-1 and 0.18 fg mL-1 were obtained for COX-2 and Tp53, respectively. The second work consisted in the construction of a microfluidic device with 8 gold-based electrodes using an inkjet printer and applied in the detection of the biomarkers cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (p16) and Tp53. This device comprised the use of self-assembled monolayers for anchoring the Ab1 and PMs decorated with Ab2 and HRP for capture and separation. The concentration range detected by this immunosensor was broad-ranging from pg to ng mL-1, with ultralow LD of 0.08 pg mL-1 for p16 and 0.04 pg mL-1 for Tp53. The third work consisted of the detection of the E6 oncoprotein associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) using an electrochemical magneto-immunoassay. In this case, lipid-containing magnetic nanoparticles (LNPMs) were synthesized and modified with anti-E6 Ab1. After capture and separation of the biomarker, AuNPs decorated with Ab2 were added and the obtained immunoassay was captured on the surface of the electrode using a magnet positioned externally under the working electrodes. Detection of E6 was performed by the electrochemical gold response of AuNPs in hydrochloric acid by square wave voltammetry. The magnetic immunoassay presented a linear response for E6 between 4 pg mL-1 and 2.5 pg mL-1 with LD of 0.4 pg mL-1. The three immunoassays developed were applied in the detection of biomarkers in patient samples with CC and EC and presented excellent agreement when compared with the results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The methods proposed are promising tools for screening, early diagnosis, therapy management, and disease staging in clinical analyzes. of CC and EC, with advantages over the ELISA method, including speed, reproducibility, low cost, low detection limit, and low reagent and sample consumption.
Potenciais de desenvolvimento em um sistema local de inovação: uma análise do município de Engenheiro Coelho - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Panaino, Robertson Campelo; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-9526; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0948052213441683; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-2405
This research aims to analyze the activities, find the potentialities and relationships in the Local Innovation System (LIS) of a small municipality. Innovation is essential as a competitive factor in companies, yet other organizations and institutions within an Innovation System (IS) can assist in this process. In general, IS can be understood as all factors that contribute in some way to technological development, in addition to the dispersion and use of innovation, whether economic, social, institutional, organizational, political, among others. The government has been moving to develop and mature LISs, with laws, incentives, technology parks, among others. For this purpose, the municipality of Engenheiro Coelho in the interior of the state of São Paulo was selected, which is close to important economic and innovation centers, but with indicators much lower than most of the cities in its region. The theory was based on the concepts of location-based ISs (national, state and local / municipal), as well as the classification of an IS according to its activities and relationships between agents. From the theory emerged the variables used to analyze the Engenheiro Coelho LIS. Through a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted and later the content analysis using WebQDA analysis software, as well as a document analysis. From the analysis pointed out the potential of this LIS to develop innovative activities and strengthen relationships between agents. Using these results, public, business and academic managers will be able to make improvements in LIS with a view to its maturation. The conclusions point to some immaturity in the studied LIS, proposing a series of actions to promote its development, besides pointing out the main innovation agents present in Engenheiro Coelho / SP.
Colonização do Brasil pela garça-vaqueira (Bubulcus ibis): distribuição intercontinental da variação genética determinada por dados genômicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Silva, Fagner Miguel da; Andrade, Sónia Cristina da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4637731335717375; Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7084144064397568
The cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758), is a species of bird with high colonization capacity and invading potential. During the last century, this species has considerably expanded its geographical distribution and the size of its populations. Currently, Bubulcus ibis occurs in much of the African continent, southern Europe and the Americas. The main objective of this work was, based on the distribution of genetic variation, to infer the current pattern of genetic structure and a possible invasion route that explained the process of colonization of Brazil by Bubulcus ibis. To reach it, a draft genome of the species was assembled and new genetic markers, 2,751 SNPs and 22 microsatellites, were prospected. To assess the distribution of genetic variation and connectivity among populations, we estimated: a) indices of genetic diversity and measures of population genetic differentiation, b) migration rates per generation, patterns of population division and historical mix and effective migration surfaces. In addition, it was evaluated whether a geographic and/or adaptive pattern explained the genetic variation distribution, searching for potential SNPs under selection and testing the adequacy of the data to an isolation by distance model. Using information from 2,751 SNPs and eight prospective microsatellite loci, it was determined that, although with similar levels of genetic diversity, there is genetic structuring between the populations of Bubulcus ibis from the native and colonized areas (a more representative genetic cluster for each area). The estimated proportions of genetic ancestry showed a connection between African populations (Guinea-Bissau and Senegal) and the Brazilian northeast (Fernando de Noronha and Pernambuco). This result is supported by the most likely migration route inferred by the patterns of division and historical population mix (from Guinea Bissau to Pernambuco). Also, effective migration modelling detected a resistance to gene flow between Brazilian populations and southern Africa. The absence of potentially selective SNPs and the positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances indicated that the geographic factor is more determinant than the adaptive factor for the genetic structuring found. The most likely route of invasion of Bubulcus ibis is the Northeast of Brazil and not the North of the country (where the first record was made in 1964), with indications that departures in the native area still occur or occurred in the center-west African.
Desenvolvimento de sensores e imunossensor eletroquímico para detecção de analitos relacionados à doença de Parkinson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Oliveira, Gabriela Carolina Mauruto de; Vieira, Nirton Cristi Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9497699863290144; Janegitz, Bruno Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4300760192825465
The evolutions that have arisen in the medical field, over the last few years, reflect in reliable, accessible and fast response technologies aimed at with problems that are very complex and expensive. Point-of-care and wearable technologies spearhead these innovations, seeking flexible devices who fit the several detection scenarios. The search for new easy access materials and handling as well as a low-cost have been investigated in the electrochemical field. In this work, two electrochemical sensors were developed on flexible nitrile glove and flexible adhesive tape, using the screen printing technique for the deposition of graphite conductive ink. Also, a sensor and an immunosensor were constructed by photolithography and platinum cathodic sputtering, on BioPET sheets. Glove and adhesive tape sensors were evaluated by voltammetry in the presence of biological markers related to Parkinson's disease, using linear voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, respectively, for characterization and detection of dopamine and hemoglobin. For dopamine, there were linear ranges between 5.0 x 10 -6 to 1.0 x 10 _4 mol L_1 and 5.0 x 10 _6 to 5.0 x 10 _5 mol L_1, respectively, for glove and adhesive and detection limits of 4.2 x 10 ~1 and 7.2 x 10 ~1 rnolL-1. with successful application in synthetic urine samples. Hemoglobin was detected on adhesive tape, a linear range of 1.0 to 10 mg mL_1 and a detection limit of 0.77 mg mL_1 was obtained. The platinum electrodes was used for a dopamine detection and an immunosensor for a PARK7 / DJ-1 protein. Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were formed using cystamine and glutaraldehyde to anti-PARK7 / DJ-1 antibody immobilization on the platinum electrode surface. Interface optimizations of interaction time and concentration were performed and the EIS technique was used as an electrochemical technique to detect PARK7 / DJ-1 protein, obtaining a working range between 40 and 175 ngrnL-1 and a limit of detection of 7.5 ng mL-1. Mechanical stress tests were applied in the screen-printed electrodes and platinum electrodes, and both showed good reproducibility of the electrochemical response after twisting, proving the glove and adhesive tape flexibility. The glove and adhesive tape electrodes showed to be an interesting alternative as wearable sensors, innovating in the incorporation of flexible materiais routine. The platinum electrode was a useful device for the construction of biosensors, enabling an effective immobilization of the biological elements on its surface.
Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil: uma análise sobre experiências de supervisão acadêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Ferracuti, Roberta; Silva, Geovani Gurgel Aciole da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6146469366214279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1363080659909995
From the 1990s, there was a movement to expand the Brazilian population's access to health care, mainly through basic care, and the Family Health Strategy is a proposal adopted by the Brazilian government as a way of reorganizing the health system. Unfortunately, most of the Brazilian municipalities encountered many difficulties during their implementation, ranging from infrastructure to lack of professionals, mainly physicians. In this scenario, the Mais Médicos Program in Brazil was launched in 2013 as a proposal to advance the solution of Primary Health Care (PHC) problems in the SUS, with measures that intervene in the training, structure and provision of physicians in health services. APS. To follow up these new doctors, we have the tutor and the academic supervisor, medical professionals indicated by the Supervisory Institutions linked to the Ministry of Education. Academic supervision is one of the educational axes of the Project, and should develop permanent education processes, guided by the perspective of the teaching-service integration, in the assistance component of the training of the doctors participating in the project. For a better understanding of the supervision process, this analytical and qualitative approach was developed, with semi-structured interviews for Project supervisors. The focus is the understanding and repercussions of the supervision process as a whole, identifying difficulties, potentialities and contributions in the qualification of the medical professional. Among the results, we highlight the importance of the understanding of all involved in the supervision process (supervisors, doctors, their respective teams and managers) about the fact that academic supervision is not a mere supervision, but an instrument of continuous training. The supervisor, as an interlocutor of this process, has the opportunity to provide space for dialogue, exchange of experiences, assistance in creating care protocols and training. The proposal is a review of the academic oversight model of the Mais Médicos Project for Brazil, which may be used in other professional qualification and continuing education projects.
Influência da seca e inundação nas comunidades microbianas metanogênicas e metanotróficas em planícies aluviais de rios de águas negra, barrenta e clara da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Bento, Marilia de Souza; Carmo, Janaina Braga do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903; Navarrete, Acacio Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2264331242602494; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9357478320262930
Soils from wetland areas contribute significantly to the global methane (CH4) budget. In this sense, this work was designed to evaluate the influence of dry and flooding in the active microbial communities involved in the production and consumption of CH4 in wetland areas under forest and traditional farming system in Amazonian black, white and clear floodplains. Molecular RNA- and 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based analyzes, and soil physicochemical analyzes were performed to reveal the soil methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial communities and investigate the relationships between these microbial communities and the physcochemical factors of soil from forest sites and traditional agricultural systems in two different soil layers (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and in two seasonal periods (dry and wet season). Microorganisms belonging to the order Methanocellales dominated the active methanogenic communities in soils of the black floodplain, while these communities were dominated by Methanomasiliicoccales in white and clear floodplains. The methanotrophic communities active in floodplain soils with the different water types were dominated by microorganisms belonging to the NC10 class. This class of bacteria assembles organisms that perform the assimilation of nitrate and nitrite for anaerobic oxidation of CH4. The observed variation in the composition of the active microbial methanogenic and methanotrophic communities among the different samples from Amazonian floodplains was explained in 53.3 % and 22.6 %, respectively, by the edaphic factors analyzed. Taken together, the results of this study open possibilities for interpretations about the production and consumption of CH4 in wetland areas of Amazonia based on the particular characteristics of the black, white and clear floodplains, dissociating them among themselves based on active methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial communities and edaphic factors, and not just by water type.
Estudo sobre uso de novos citrandarins como porta-enxertos para laranja pera
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Moretto, Rafael Kupper; Cristofani-Yaly, Mariângela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7829946393687571
Currently, the most of the citrus plants in the Brazil are on the rootstocks Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo, which may put at risk the Brazilian citriculture by the use of few genotypes. The use of other rootstocks such as Poncirus trifoliata is limited due to the occurrence of incompatibility between selections of this rootstock and Pera sweet orange, in addition to the susceptibility to drought. Therefore, the use of citrandarins [Sunki mandarin (Citrus sunki Hort. Ex Tan.) X Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] constitute a new generation of rootstocks, which present potential as an alternative to the use of Rangpur lime, enabling the formation of long-lived plants and conferring to the canopy production and quality of satisfactory fruits. In view of the above, the present work had the objective of evaluating the development of Pera sweet orange plants, regarding their vegetative development; physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits; to phenology and compatibility, when grafted on different varieties and rootstock hybrids, in two different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiments are established in two municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Gavião Peixoto and Barretos and, in a randomized blocks statistical design. The data obtained in this study showed that the production of orange Pera on the citrandarins in the region of Gavião Peixoto, was 15% larger than in the Barretos region. It can be observed that the different edaphoclimatic conditions presented in the two regions influenced the behavior of rootstocks regarding fruit fixation and yield, and that the most important rootstock was citrandarin128.
Critérios de inserção da agricultura familiar em cadeias de suprimentos de FLV da Zona da Mata mineira: uma abordagem logística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Oliveira, Leandro Gomes de; Batalha, Mario Otávio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851172181112395
Family farming (FF) is essential for rural development and for food and nutrition security. Its development and strengthening are conditioned to the strategies used in the supply chains (SC). Among these strategies, logistics is prominence. The literature provides a number of papers that report on the criteria that condition the participation of family farmers in the various CSs and the difficulties they face in overcoming barriers imposed by the need to meet the requirements imposed by these criteria. Barriers linked to logistical factors are among the main difficulties encountered by farmers in participating in certain supply chains. However, these studies are fragmented and are often contradictory. In order to contribute to this discussion, this thesis aims to identify the criteria for the insertion of family farmers in the various supply chains of FLV, as well as the conditionings factors related to the fulfillment of these requirements. To do so, this research will be carried out in two stages: (1) bibliographical review, mainly using the method of systematic review of the literature (2) field research, in the form of case studies with the economic agents uncharged for inbound logistics of three supply chains in Minas Gerais. The results contributed with theory presenting an analytical framework that allows the study of other agroindustrial chains of supplies of family farm products, and practice results as the use of plastic, refrigeration equipment and compatible metals guarantee the required quality indices that promote the sustainable insertion of the family farms in the analyzed supply chains of FLV.
Contribuições para modelagem de alvenaria em blocos de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Pasquantonio, Rafael Dantas; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7906211192977597
Masonry is a very widespread construction system around the world, with a great history of use in civilization. However, with the advancement of knowledge, the technique of resolution through the finite element methods arises in the field of engineering. Considering the survey of previous re-search, we can see that a great variety of researches that relate experimental masonry models with finite element solving techniques in commercial software models such as Abaqus. Based on this context, this work aims to characterize the structural masonry elements, and to obtain the parameters for modeling the structural masonry interface of concrete and mortar blocks. A set of tests was carried out to characterize the masonry elements (test of resistance to compression and stress of blocks, mortar and grout) as well as characterization of the interface between block and mortar (bond wrench test, horizontal joint shear test and compression diagonal). From the experimental results, numerical models were developed, using Abaqus/2017 commercial software, to represent the compression behavior of blocks, mortars and grouts. In addition, numerical models of two- and three-block prisms with and without grout were developed as a way of applying the results obtained with respect to the components. After this stage of validation of the numerical models of each of the components, numerical models were developed to represent the interface between block and mortar. In this step the tests of bond wrench test, horizontal joint shear test and diagonal compression were studied. From this analysis, parameters were obtained to represent the plastic behavior of the block, mortar and grout. Nevertheless, parameters for tangential, normal and damage of the interface between block and mortar were reached. Another important point of the research is that the parameters related to the tangential, normal, and damage behavior were able to use the same data to represent the numerical models of the interface representation and only function as a calibration parameter between the different models are the parameters of cohesive behavior (Kn, Ks e Kt).
Influência de processos ecológicos e evolutivos na estruturação de comunidades de anfíbios na Mata Atlântica Brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Benício, Ronildo Alves; Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543094930527221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5580701549708421
My thesis is composed of two independent chapters, but together they provide a theoretical framework of the ecological and evolutionary processes responsible for the anuran community structure in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In the first chapter, I evaluated the relative importance of climate (current and Pleistocene) and topography in the spatial distribution of the phylogenetic structure of communities. In the second chapter, I evaluate how the climatic gradient affects the spatial distribution of functional traits (reproductive modes) of anuran species. The results show that the patterns of phylogenetic structure of the communities and the functional traits of anurans are not distributed randomly in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Protected areas located in regions with high temperatures and marked seasonality in precipitation, and in areas with low topographic variation presented phylogenetic clustered communities and species with reproductive modes that allow greater resistance to desiccation. On the other hand, protected areas located in areas with milder temperatures and constant precipitation throughout the year, considered as refuges during the Pleistocene, and with great topographic variation presented phylogenetically dispersed communities and species with more specialized reproductive modes, such as direct development. Thus, these results suggest that climatic and topographic gradients limit the distribution of anuran species of certain lineages with more specialized reproductive modes.
Neoliberalismo e educação: a precarização do trabalho docente e da educação pública no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Simardi Neto, Moacir; Leite, Kelen Christina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082; Mendonça, Viviane Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9644910710933684
This paper aims to analyze the developments of neoliberalism in its political-educational, pedagogical and legal aspects in the state of São Paulo during the administration of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), which has ruled the state for twenty-four years and, in the last elections, got another mandate. It is noteworthy that, alongside the implementation of such policies, social struggles and resistances in the field of education were found in antithesis to the implantation of the neoliberal project for the education of São Paulo and will be verified by means of interviews with professors who occupy positions towards the Union of Teachers of the Official Teaching of the State of São Paulo (APEOESP). The analysis of the relationship between neoliberalism and education in the state of São Paulo and the social struggles in this field points to the possibilities of an emancipatory project that is opposed to the precariousness of teaching work and public education.
Emprego do etanol como substituto ou adjuvante do ácido sulfúrico no tratamento das células em fermentação alcoólica contaminada por Lactobacillus fermentum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Neto, José Machado da Silva; Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1693637360313795
Bacterial contamination is one of the major factors to cause decrease in the fermentative efficiency in the process of bioethanol production. To control the growth of bacterial contaminants, Brazilian industries utilize the acid treatment (sulfuric acid solution at pH 2.0) between the fermentative cycles. When the acid treatment is not effective, biocides and antibiotics are added which result in cost and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In this context, this work aimed initially to evaluate the effect of ethanol on the growth of the bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum in Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) medium, following the evaluation of using ethanol as substitute or adjuvant (which enhances the action) of the sulfuric acid in the cell treatment during the alcoholic fermentation to control the growth of this bacterium. The effect of the treatment pH 2.0 + 5% ethanol switching with the treatment pH 2.0 in cell-recycled batch fermentation carried out in non-sterile must with an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PE-2) and contaminated with L. fermentum was also verified. Fermentative parameters and the microorganism growth were determined. A decrease in the maximal specific growth rate and an increase in the lag phase of L. fermentum were observed in culture medium with ethanol up to the concentration of 14% v/v. Concerning the cell treatments, there was total loss of cell viability of L. fermentum in the treatments pH 2.0 + 5% ethanol, pH 3.0 + 20% ethanol and hydroalcoholic solution with 22% ethanol. Inhibition of ethanol production, decrease of two log cycles in the number of S. cerevisiae and total loss of cell viability of L. fermentum were observed when the cell treatment was carried out in the hydroalcoholic solution with 22% ethanol, then a non-viable treatment to be utilized in the industry. The logarithmic variation in the number of CFU/mL was much lower than 1 log cycle up to 15% ethanol as well as for the treatments with pH higher than 2.0 with or without ethanol. The switching of cell treatments pH 2.0 + 5% ethanol and pH 2.0 without addition of ethanol during the fermentative cycles was effective when the contamination of the non-sterile must with L. fermentum was not high, because the loss of cell viability of this bacterium was only possible with the treatment pH 2.0 + 5% ethanol. The yeast S. cerevisiae was not affected by the use of the treatment pH 2.0 + 5% ethanol and the highest alcoholic concentrations in the must were obtained when ethanol was added to the acid treatment. We conclude that the ethanol is an adjuvant and not a substitute of the sulfuric acid for the growth control of L. fermentum, standing out the cell treatment pH 2.0 + 5% ethanol as the most economic and effective.
A questão social na literatura acadêmica brasileira em terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Silva, Cíntia Viviane Ventura da; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9458131818474991
In a precarious social scenario characterized by structural inequality, the aim of this study is to analyze publications of occupational therapy in Brazil that approached and discussed social issues, considering structural inequalities in capitalist societies and parameterized by the extent (or lack of) social integration of individuals who need to offer their workforce to the labor market, i.e., by the extent of their integration into the work/job force and the extent of their social network support. The methodology of this study consists of an integrative literature review. A total of 37 terms were searched in titles of papers on four different sites: two Brazilian occupational therapy journals (Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional and Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da USP) and two online databases (SciELO and LILACS). Searches on these databases were conducted combining the above mentioned terms with the term “occupational therapy”, since neither SciELO nor LILACS are specifically directed to publications on occupational therapy. This literature search was carried out in January 2018. Firstly, the following inclusion criteria were used: articles being published in Brazilian journals; first author having an undergraduate degree in occupational therapy (either ongoing or completed. Exclusion criteria were the following: publications other than articles (books, book chapters, editorials, etc.) and written in languages other than Portuguese. Of the 411 publications retrieved, 136 were duplicates, 32 were not articles, 29 were written in languages other than Portuguese, and there were 10 publications whose first author was not from the occupational therapy field. Subsequently, the abstracts of the remaining 204 articles were read. This stage of the review process included articles addressing social issues and/or related topics, and doubtful articles were read in full, leading to the exclusion of 154 articles. Therefore, this integrative review included 50 papers published from 2001 to 2017. Its results show that occupation therapy authors have been continuously and increasingly concerned about social issues, mainly those focused on the social branch of occupation therapy, called social occupation therapy. A total of 34 articles belonged to this branch, with publications from members of the METUIA Project showing great relevance (30 articles). Currently, poverty and inequality remain serious problems in Brazil, especially with regard to public policies required to address these issues. However, occupational therapy, particularly the branch directs its actions to the social field, has been seeking to tackle this reality by taking an ethical and political position that promotes people's empowerment and make them reclaim and exercise their citizenship: 27 papers identified citizenship as the articulating axis of occupational therapy practice in the social field. The present study revealed that the social branch of occupational therapy has been working to respond to and tackle the structural inequalities of the capital system, i.e., social issues, seeking for equal rights and individuals' autonomy. Conversely, it was observed that some occupational therapists, who should be directly interested in the processes of social inclusion and/or integration, do not take these issues into account.
O tratamento crônico com fluoxetina reverte os efeitos nociceptivo e antinociceptivo induzidos pela ativação dos receptores 5-HT1A e 5-HT2C da amídala de camundongos confinados aos braços do labirinto em cruz elevado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-31) Furuya-da-Cunha, Elke Mayumi; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9582420020561046
Several studies indicate that anxiety and depression may be accompanied by symptoms of severe pain with no precise location or apparent lesions. Several evidences demonstrate that some antidepressive drugs used in the treatment of these emotional disorders are also effective in the relief of pain. The interaction between emotional and sensorial responses is of high relevance for the survival of the species. Several studies have shown that exposure to threatening situations results in behavioral and physiological defense reactions that be accompanied by inhibition of pain. The amygdala, a subcortical nucleus complex, has been shown to be involved in the mechanism of fear-induced antinociception. And it being a complex of interface between the sensorial and emotional stimuli. Evidences have shown that stimulation of this structure can induce fear or anxiety reactions, accompanied by analgesia, thus suggesting its participation in the defense system and nociception modulation.The elevated plus maze (EPM) is an apparatus used to assess rodent anxiety and it is sensitive to anxiolytic and anxiogenic effect of drugs. In this sense, EPM is used to study the neurobiology of antinociception induced by the aversive potential of the open arms experiment. Thus, considering evidences of the antiaversive role of serotonin in the amygdala, observed with chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, this study aimed to evaluate the role of amygdala 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C serotonin receptor subtypes on nociception and antinociception effects of mice exposed to the EPM in this context. For this, 5-HT1A (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-HT2C (MK-212) receptor agonists were microinjected intra-amygdala associated with chronic systemic treatment of fluoxetine in mice. The animals were confined in the enclosed or open arm of the EPM and the number of abdominal writings after the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid solution was counted. Intra-amygdala treatment with 8-OH-DPAT produced an increase in the number of writhes in both mice that were confined in the open arm and those that were confined in the enclosed arm. However, treatment fluoxetine + 8-OH-DPAT blocked the effect of intra-amygdala injection only for the mice confined in the open arm. Intra-amygdala treatment with MK-212 produced a decrease in the number of writhes only in mice that were confined to the open arm, and the fluoxetine + MK-212 treatment impaired this effect. These results suggest that chronic treatment with fluoxetine reversed the effects produced by the activation of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors in the amygdala of mice confined to the EPM.