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Construção de múltiplos ninhos como estratégia reprodutiva para o Garibaldi, Chrysomus ruficapillus (Aves, Icteridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-04) Costa, Mariellen Cristine; Francisco, Mercival Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2645130303841091
The main function of bird's nests is to provide protection for eggs and young, and due the high risks of predation, nests are under intense natural selection. Nest construction is time and energetically costing, which limits the number of nests constructed in a breeding season. For this reason, intense and elaborated constructions can provide cues about male fitness, influencing in sexual selection. However, a small number of species has developed the construction of multiple nests in the same breeding territory as a reproductive strategy, and some of hypotheses have been proposed to explain such behavior. Although some o these hypotheses are not mutually-excludent, most works have addressed only one or two of these hypotheses. The Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Chrysomus ruficapilus, belongs to the family Icteridae and it is widely distributed in South America, being a common element in floodable areas. Previous works have reported the presence of non-breeding nests for this species and they were treated as abandoned nests, but the real functions of these extra-nests were never investigated. Here we addressed the function of the extra-nests in C. ruficapillus by testing the following hypotheses: (1) old nests hypothesis; (2) inefficient concealment hypothesis, which predicts that extra-nests are nests that were abandoned because they were constructed in highly exposed sites; (3) predation avoidance hypothesis, and the (4) female attraction hypothesis. To achieve this purpose we carried out periodical visits to the study area, between October 2017 to April 2018, and marked males within their territories and their nests were monitored. To evaluate the above hypotheses we tested for correlations between numbers of nests in the territories and: numbers of clutch initiations; numbers of fledglings; probability of males being chosen by females, and nest survival. Further, a number of environmental covariates that could influence in these parameters were controlled. Nests never lasted across breeding seasons, eliminating the old nest hypothesis. Used and non-used nests did not differ in relation to vegetation density parameters, providing low support to the inefficient concealment hypothesis. Males constructed up to 14 nests in a season, and had up to six clutch initiations. The female attraction hypothesis was corroborated, as the number of nests was correlated to the number of clutch initiations and number of fledglings. However, females have not actively selected for males with the higher numbers of nests in their territories, and nest survival was also non-correlated to the number of extra nests. Then, our results give support to the idea that males build multiple nests to increase their reproductive fitness.
Agroecologias: um estudo dos programas de pós-graduação em Agroecologia no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-04) Sobral, Vivianne Caroline Santos; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0209133621640634
This paper presents Agroecology as a scientific area in a consolidation phase in Brazil. In order to demonstrate this, an exploratory research is initially conducted on the emergence of agroecology and its scientific and epistemological basis, as well as its introduction in graduate programs in Brazil. To understand how agroecology constitutes a scientific field, Bourdiesian theory about science along with Kuhn's studies on the scientific paradigm are rescued to reflect on the inclusion of agroecology in the scientific field – which is already dominated by the scientific paradigm of the agrarian sciences. An empirical research is also produced on accredited graduate programs on agroecology on the CAPES portal. Thus, a characterization of the graduate schools is initially made based on the institutional narratives displayed on the webpages of each graduate program/university, and it also includes data on the faculty and the curriculum structure of each agroecology graduate program. The aim is to evaluate if there is coherence between the discourse of each institution, the curricular structure of the courses, and the scientific proposal of agroecology. As a methodological approach, a case study on the graduate studies in Agroecology and Rural Development of the Federal University of São Carlos and some accredited professors in this graduate program are interviewed. These interviews have enriched the analysis of the agroecological scientific area. In addition, some considerations on scientific production (theses and dissertations) in agroecology are carried out together with reflections on how the political scenario can affect the development of the agroecological scientific field. The results point to the growth and consolidation of the agroecological scientific department and some institutional and political obstacles that may hinder the growth of this area of knowledge are listed.
O IPEA e as políticas de desenvolvimento: dois momentos da burocracia pública enquanto capacidade estatal (1995-2014)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-04) Stulano, Daniel; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3590572343013676
The Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), founded in 1964 during the national authoritarian developmentalism and under the influence of technocratic thinking, can be characterized as an institution that has experienced moments in its historical trajectory, having its bureacratic capacities oscillated considerably. Based on the assumption that there is a developmentalist lineage in Brazil, where the State is considered a fundamental actor in the processes of production of development arrangements, based on political pacts and public tools, it is sought to understand if the capacities and actions of the IPEA, an institution that represents a kind of intelligentsia within the state apparatus, are influenced by the different national moments and, specifically, by the conceptualizations regarding the role of the State and the planning in the generation of national development. In this sense, the aim is to analyze the bureaucratic capabilities of the institution, with a special focus on its mission, during two contrasting national moments, experienced in a recent period in the Brazilian trajectory: neoliberal orientation, represented by the Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB); the new-developmentalism moment, represented by the governments of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) and Dilma Rousseff (PT). Since the end of the 1970s, the institution has experienced a process of displacement of its primary function, of advisory and policy making, in the State its privileged interlocutor, for the production and dissemination of knowledge, having in society an interlocutor. This reversal of terms becomes clearer during the neoliberal moment, but deepens in the new-developmentalist moment, when the capabilities of the institution are strengthened. There are indications that the institution also experienced a change in the profile of its technical staff and in its intellectual production, where the largest public competition in the history of the institution, in 2008, and the creation of the Diretoria de Estudos e Políticas do Estado, das Instituições e da Democracia (DIEST), in 2010, appear to be paradigmatic. There are indications that during the new developmentalist moment, IPEA widened the scope of research, inserting new areas, themes and approaches, becoming a more heterogeneous institution in order to encompass the multiplicity of issues brought about by the reinterpretation of the idea of development.