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Uma criança como outra qualquer? A criança transexual em diálogo com a teoria Queer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-07) Silva, Bianca Neves Borges da; Moruzzi, Andrea Braga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2383531387050967
This paper focuses on discussions about children who don’t identify themselves and express a disagreement with following socially pre-established gender norms and standards. Such standards are strongly established within church, family, and school institutions and are rooted in a heteronormative and binary logic that not only nullifies children's various ways of expressing and living, but violates their basic rights as human beings. There is also another side, which is that these same children are being portrayed in the media in a way perhaps as violent as those treated in other institutions. They are being classified, medicalized, analyzed by experts as deviant and abnormal. To fulfill the objective of analyzing how this transgender child is invented and presented to society by the Brazilian television media, which today has consolidated itself as one of the largest mass media and information, we conducted: (a) a bibliographic research with the survey of all news found on the google.com search engine from 2010 to 2018 dealing with the theme of transgender children; (b) theoretical survey with academic publications on the same theme and at the same time frame in the googleschoolar.com search engine, in order to understand what the academic field has debated about these children; (c) analysis of the video report about “Coy” produced by the program “Fantástico”. The theoretical analysis of this work is based on Queer studies and reflections that fit the non-identity paradigm, problematizing the way in which identities are constructed, whatever, how many and how they are. With this research we try to contribute to the debate by revealing the violence experienced by children who are neglected in their singularities, do not have their wishes respected and are ridiculed when they try to live their desires in some way, and at the same time, the process of plaster that occurs when they put them in a new category that is equally identity.
Uma comparação entre cursos superiores de tecnologia e cursos superiores tradicionais com base no retorno econômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-07) Cillo, Karina Correa; Ferro, Andrea Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3432809140419477; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5864482098370411
Brazilian higher education has been expanding for at least twelve years. Through the analysis of data from the Higher Education Census (2017), it is possible to see an increase in the number of enrollments and in the offer of courses in higher education institutions, as well as diversification of the courses offered. Among the options of undergraduate courses, the traditional ones are separated from the higher technology courses. This work makes a comparison between the traditional higher education courses and the higher education technology courses, through the application of the method of economic return, based on the human capital theory. According to the theoretical model, when taking a higher education course, the individual expands his own capital by becoming more productive, being able to bargain a higher salary in the job market. In practice, taking a higher education course represents an investment decision, in which the asset is the individual himself and his return is the bonus on his remuneration. Indeed, the income of an individual with a higher degree exceeds the income of a person with a medium education, this difference being attributed to the additional years of study. Economic return is a cost-benefit measure, represented by an internal rate, which equates the costs and benefits of higher education at a given present value. It is assumed that the bonus of traditional education is greater than that of technological education, but the economic return of the former is lower than that of the latter, due to the weight of costs. In addition to academic expenses, dedicating to higher education implies fewer hours available for paid work, indicating the existence of investment opportunity costs. PNAD microdata were used to estimate the bonuses for each type of graduation and their respective opportunity costs, via Heckman's procedure. The public cost per student, calculated by the MEC, was used as a proxy for academic expenses. The analysis is done by sex in order to remove the bias of wage inequality between men and women. Heckman's results show that the bonus provided by traditional higher education is greater than that provided by technological education and the comparison between the internal rates of return points out that the economic return of traditional education is lower than that of technological education, both for men and women. The analysis by sex suggests wage inequality in the labor market by showing that the economic return of men is higher than that of women, regardless of the type of course.
A empresarização do comércio popular em São Paulo: trabalho, empreendedorismo e formalização excludente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-07) Rangel, Felipe; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1619003785230081
This thesis describes and analyses the recent transformations in the informal commerce in São Paulo, especially with regard to the changes in the work for the agents involved. Given that the term “informal commerce” evokes a myriad of work situations and various processes of circulation, I indicate here the specific segment of this universe with which I developed research: they are traders in enclosed spaces, especially in the so-called "Feirinha da Madrugada" and in the new arcades and low-cost shopping centers in Brás region. Based on the ethnographic observation of the daily work of a group of traders, interviews and the monitoring of news about popular commerce in the last years, I tried to analyse the meanings and effects of the new regulation strategies of this market. I discuss these transformations mobilizing the idea of "enterprisation" of the informal commerce, framing in this notion the strategies of rearrangement of these commercial activities under the business logic, which have transformed the spaces, the forms of regulation and even the conduct, the perceptions and expectations of the subjects. The enterprisation of these markets has also made the engagement of other workers' profiles more plausible. Many of them left formal jobs, in a context of objective and symbolic precariousness of the wage relation. I argue that these informal trade reordering strategies have been promoted through a double narrative, responding to both the interests of economic exploitation and the discourse against certain illegalities and formalizing these activities via entrepreneurial logic. However, having seen the exclusionary effects of this formalization, there has been a kind of labour gentrification in these markets.
Bromeliaceae como ferramenta em estudos ambientais na Guarnição de Aeronáutica de Pirassununga (Pirassununga, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-07) Silva, José Victor da; Sebastiani, Renata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1032739471985184
The Cerrado is the second largest phytogeographical domain in Brazil, with its great territorial extension the Cerrado has great diversity of environmental conditions and consequently a great variety of vegetal formations.The vegetation formations of the Cerrado can be understood through the concept of "forest-ecotone-field", which shows a gradient between forest formations (cerradão) and field formations (clean field), between these formations occur the other Cerrado formations. Thanks to this diversity of plant formations with different environmental conditions, the Cerrado is home to a great biodiversity. Bromeliaceae is the largest restricted family in the Americas with about 3150 species, in Brazil there are 1370 species, the Cerrado has the second largest number of Bromeliads 253, in the Cerrado formations in the State of São Paulo 23 species occur. The Bromeliaceae family has as general characteristics its leaves arranged in rosettes, usually forming a tank and with spines, its roots in most species are used only for fixation, water absorption by most species of Bromeliaceae is given by their trichomes distributed in a manner varied in its leaves. The present study was carried out at the Aeronautical Garrison of Pirassununga (Pirassununga, SP), Garrison has about 1500 hectares of vegetation.In the first chapter the species of Bromeliaceae occurring in a cerradão area were mapped, identified and counted from their points of occurrence, seven species were identified and it was possible to notice that these species even having similar dispersion means (all species are dispersed by the wind except for Ananas) were distributed differently in space. It was discussed that this variety is due to differentmorphological characteristics of each species favoring its fixation in areas with different environmental conditions, so the occurrence and increase in the population of certain species of Bromeliaceae is directly influenced by the environmental conditions of a fragment, such as temperature and humidity. In the second chapter of this dissertation,the floristic survey of the family Bromeliaceae in the Garrison was carried out, where the different vegetal formations that occurred in the Garrison were sampled. It was recognized nine species of Bromeliaceae distributed in five genera, although not a very high number, comparing with other studies the number of species in the Garrison can be considered high. Finally the present work concludes that species of theBromeliaceae family occurring in an area can be directly affected by small variations in the microclimate conditions of a vegetal fragment, this work also concludes that the Garrison is an important area for the conservation of the biodiversity in the State of Sao Paulo.
Efeitos do ensino do responder relacional dêitico sobre o desempenho de crianças pré-escolares em tarefas de teoria da mente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-07) Vieira, Susane Vitória Gonçalves; Souza, Débora de Hollanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2181974320339110
Theory of Mind is the ability to attribute mental states to self and other individuals which, in turn, allows one to predict human behavior. Researchers who base their work on Relational Framing Theory claim that Perspective Taking is the core of Theory of Mind. Perspective Taking is based on a particular pattern of relational deictic response established by training I-You, Here-There, Now-Than frames. Few studies so far investigated the relation between Perspective Taking training and performance in Theory of Mind tasks, and findings are divergent. The present work aimed to test if adaptations in Perspective Taking Protocol (RFT-PT), such as the use of prompts, can be useful for teaching relational responding. The second goal was to test if this version of the protocol improves Brazilian preschoolers’ performance in Theory of Mind tasks. Two studies were conducted. In each study, two 4-year-old children with poor performance in Theory of Mind tasks participated. The procedure in both studies included Theory of Mind tasks before and after the RFT-PT application. The protocol consisted in teaching two of the three levels of deictic relational complexity: simple and reverse levels. Blocks of trials were used to teach the three frames according to the relational level. Pre-test and post-test were conducted to assess the learning of relational responding by all four participants. In the first study, the number of trials per level was higher, in addition, the trials were first presented with physical prompts and then without any prompt. One participant presented difficulty at the simple level and the other one at the reverse level. Both completed the procedure in the second reverse level training block. The prompts did not prove to be efficient for the teaching of relational deictic responding. Additionally, no differences were found between the initial and final Theory of Mind and PT-RFT measures. Based on the first study, other modifications were made to the second study, such as the gradual withdrawal of prompts and reduction of number of trials at the reverse level. Only one participant completed the procedure. After the reverse level training, the participant reached post-test learning criterion only in the Now-Than frame. There was no change in Theory of Mind performance between pre-test and post-test tasks. In summary, participants in the present study had difficulty responding to the protocol even with the help of prompts. Additionally, perspective taking training was not followed by improvement in participants' performance. These results suggest that the original protocol may not be appropriate for some children and that new directions of investigation should be explored.