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Modelagem, simulação e análise técnico-econômica-ambiental do processo de extração de óleo de soja por hexano e etanol e da produção de biodiesel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-04) Potrich, Erich; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1836832210012870
Brazil is the second largest producer of soybean, with the projection of becoming the largest producer in 2019/2020. All Brazilian soybean oil is produced by the extraction process with hexane, an oil derivative. One way to make the extraction process more sustainable would be to replace hexane by ethanol, a renewable solvent widely produced in Brazil. Thereby, the objective of this work was to perform the techno-economic-environmental analysis, together with the modeling and simulation, of the soybean oil extraction process and biodiesel manufacturing. The net present value (NPV) was adopted as the economic metric. For the environmental analysis the life cycle analysis (LCA) of the process was carried out. The soybean oil preparation, extraction, refining and transesterification processes were simulated in EMSO (Environment for Modeling, Simulation and Optimization) software. The products considered in the process were: refined soybean oil, soybean meal, soybean lecithin, pelleted soybean hulls, glycerol and biodiesel. The thermodynamic parameters were estimated by group contribution methods for each element that composes the raw material and the products. The extraction processes using hexane, hydrated ethanol and anhydrous ethanol were simulated. The minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) was 11%. The NPV values calculated for a period of 20 years of operation were positive for all cases analyzed, indicating that all the evaluated processes are economically viable. However, the process employing hexane had a NPV approximately 10.2% higher than the best process employing ethanol (hydrate). On the other hand, the replacement of hexane by ethanol resulted in lower Global Warming Potential (GWP). The substitution of hexane by hydrous ethanol would avoid the emission of approximately 10,600 t of CO2eq per year in an industry that crushes 125 t/h of soybean.
Controle coerente da excitação de modos topológicos em condensados de Bose-Einstein
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-04) Silva, Leonardo Brito da; Lima, Emanuel Fernandes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7845605890195115; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9830831654428546
In this project were carried out a study on dynamics control of one dimensional Bose- Einstein condensates of dilute gases by development and application of techniques on systems that are described by Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Were built numeric codes able to return states and energies of condensate nonlinear hamiltonian and also simulate the dynamics of this one when driven by external fields. Therefore, it was possible the observation of condensate behavior under several shapes of space- temporal modulating fields, that are divided in two classes, the first one, the trap modulating, and the second one, the scattering length modulating. The objective of this analysis is to investigate the different natures modulations combined to induce target transitions, in order to built condensates in topological modes by amplitude of the two pathways interference. We noticed that the double modulation can drive the desired transition in a shorter time than only one modulation without significant loss of atoms during fields action and it presents a interesting response to fields relative phase , frequency modulation and fields dalay, in such a way that target transition can be submitted to different ways of Coherent Control. It can reduce the time of transition interfering fields and can control the fraction migrated, such as to interrupt the process without the need to turn off the fields.
Transposição de serapilheira em processo de restauração ambiental: análise de fungos endomicorrízicos no município de Cabreúva, SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-04) Giacomini, Luciana Aparecida; Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5420544048546946
Many natural areas of high biological diversity and endemism, such as those in the Atlantic Forest domain in the southeastern state of São Paulo, have been degraded to meet man's need to convert these areas into agricultural plantations, livestock breeding and other uses. ground. The ecological restoration technique, through the transposition of the forest blanket to degraded or disturbed areas, allows the reestablishment of the ecological processes and can contribute with the increase of the community of microorganisms. Fungi present in the soil microbiota are considered key elements in the nutrient cycling of organic matter deposited in the soil. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota associate the plants and are considered obligatory biotrophic; in establishing the symbiosis contribute to the availability of nutrients from the soil to the plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the transposition nucleation technique of the second organic litter sub-horizon in the community of mycorrhizal fungi in a disturbed area located in the municipality of Cabreúva, SP. Ten plots were delimited in the experimental unit, being five control plots and five plots with treatment. Two samplings were carried out, the first in October 2017 and the second in July 2018. In these samplings, individual and integrated samples of the soil plots were collected to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, the community of mycorrhizal fungi and the number of glomerospores. A total of 27 species were distributed in eight genera: Pacispora (1 species), Diversispora (1), Funneliformis (1), Archaeospora (2), Scutellospora (3), Dentiscutata (4), Acaulospora (5) and Glomus, belonging to six families. It was concluded that the edaphic conditions of the experimental unit are consistent with the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The transposed organic matter did not promote an increase in species richness and didn’t facilitate the colonization of plant species in the area, whereas gravimetric and grassy moisture may have influenced the richness. The multivariate permutation analysis detected differences in the composition of the species between the seasons and the density of glomerospores decreased in the dry season.
Análise da diversidade genética e potencial biotecnológico da comunidade bacteriana associada a Coffea arabica L. de cultivo convencional e orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-04) Andrade, Paulo Henrique Marques de; Lacava, Paulo Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0678317457244082
The present work had as objective the isolation, biochemical characterization, identification and analysis of the genetic diversity of the endophytic bacterial community associated with Coffea arabica L. culture from conventional and organic cultivation. The endophyte isolates were evaluated in vitro for the potential to promote direct plant growth (phosphate solubilization, biological nitrogen fixation and indole acetic acid production) and indirect (antagonism to phytopathogenic fungi) and enzymatic activity (amylolytic, cellulolytic, esterolytic, lipolytic, pectinolytic and proteolytic). Identification was performed by bacterial cell analysis by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization-Time-Of-Fligh (MALDI-TOF) of 59 endophytic isolates. Forty isolates were also identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene for evaluation and comparing the diversity of endophytic bacterial communities associated with conventional and organic coffee. The analysis of diversity indicated that the endophytic bacterial community of coffee from the organic growing area is more diverse. A total of ten bacterial strains with potential for plant growth promotion were selected for in vivo inoculation in Coffea arabica L. seedlings and in vitro plant growth promotion indicators as well as macro and micronutrient content in leaf tissue were evaluated after 180 days of the first inoculation. Metagenomic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was also performed on samples of rhizospheric soil from Coffea arabica L. from the same areas. From the analyzes it was possible to identify sequences of 1 phylum, 6 orders and 27 families among all the samples. Among them, the family Planctomycetaceae was the most abundant in the two areas analyzed, whereas the orders Xanthomonadales and Sphingomonadales were the ones that presented smaller relative abundance in the area ofconventional and organic cultivation, respectively. A total of 21 bacterial groups presented relative abundance with significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the rhizosphere samples of conventional and organic coffee, indicating the influence of the management on the bacterial diversity of the rhizospheric soil.
O ensino de língua portuguesa no Brasil: discursos materializados em documentos oficiais e atualizados pelo PCN e pela BNCC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-04) Fancio, Adriana Cicera Amaral; Gregolin, Isadora Valencise; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240130812858377
This research has as general objective to analyze the most recent official discursive construction about the Portuguese Language (hereinafter LP) as a teaching object based on the discursive and comparative analysis of the two Brazilian prescriptive documents, namely the National Curricular Parameters (BRAZIL, 1998) and the National Curricular Common Base (BRAZIL, 2017). It is characterized as a qualitative investigation, of theoretical and analytical nature, with procedures of documentary analysis and bibliographic revision, anchored in the perspective of Discourse Analysis (AD) and articulation with the History of Linguistic Ideas (HIL) in Brazil. It is therefore embedded in the previous theoretical reflections on the institutionalization of language as official and national in the country (GUIMARÃES, 2005a), permeated by linguistic policies and relations of force (ORLANDI, 2007a). From the bibliographical analysis, gestures of interpretation of the materiality of the archive (PÊCHEUX, 1982) were performed, in order to provide a better understanding of the silences and meanings that are affected by the conditions of production ((PÊCHEUX, 1981; COURTINE, 1982; ORLANDI, 2015) and the interactions among the subject, the history and the ideological positions that contribute to the construction of the Brazilian linguistic identity (ORLANDI, 2007a, 2015). The Discourse Analysis materialized in the archive about LP as a teaching object in the school showed that the BNCC (2017) updates some discourses enunciated in the PCN (1998) and presents others, such as the organization of teaching in language practices and fields of action. In addition, the analyses showed that LP, in a way, is still seen as the mother tongue of Brazilians producing the coincidence effect (PFEIFFER; SILVA, 2014) in relation to the imaginary language (ORLANDI, 1990). We also recognize the effort, in a certain way, highlighted in the discourse materialized in the recent BNCC (2017), to recognize the linguistic varieties when proposing discussions about the diversity of languages spoken in Brazil, to avoid linguistic prejudice. Finally, another official document presents to society the discourse of improvement of the educational system in Brazil. The complexity of Brazilian education, in short, requires much investment, reorganization of the public policies and language policies.
Uso do transporte coletivo do município de São Carlos (SP) por parte da comunidade universitária da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-04) Trindade, João Vítor Araujo; Hirosue, Fernando Hideki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5835543045188522
In the present work an analysis of the issue of urban mobility by public transportation, focusing on the students of the Federal University of São Carlos, in the city of São Carlos (SP), is carried out. Concepts related to collective transportation and sustainable urban mobility are presented, as well as a theoretical basis on the use of collective transportation by university students and surveys and public transport research. The execution of these surveys through a questionnaire will be essential for the determination of a travel pattern for this group, both in statistical and spatial aspects, with the help of online forms, Geographic Information Systems softwares, and spreadsheets. Due to a better contextualization of the work, a characterization of the municipality of São Carlos in relation to its urban and population evolution and its public urban transport system is carried out. As main results, it was found that collective transportation is the most used mode, followed by automobiles and walking, the latter being more frequently used by those who live near the university. Travel origins are concentrated in some specific neighborhoods of the municipality, which have a good level of access to services and public transportation, or are close to the campus. The users of public transportation to the university (35% of respondents) are, for the most part, undergraduate students, aged between 18 and 23 years and monthly income up to R$1,999.