Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-07-11"

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Otimização do sequenciamento de atividades de manutenção de aeronaves com abordagens de programação de projetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-11)
Pileggi, Mateus de Oliveira
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4868626632492231
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Morabito, Reinaldo
The present work analyses the aircraft maintenance activities scheduling that can be seen as a production scheduling problem. The work is developed with the collaboration of a mid-size maintenance center located in Brazil that maintains a fleet of dozens of aircrafts. The case study aims to develop, propose and apply two optimization models that appropriately represents the problem using project scheduling methods. These methods are based in the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problems, already explored in other industrial settings. The aim is to contribute to enhance the aircraft maintenance activities scheduling and analyze the efficiency of the proposed models to solve the problem. Computational results obtained from the model application to real instances of the case study are presented and analyzed, showing the potential of this kind of approach to represent and optimize the aircraft maintenance. The results show that both models have the potential for practical application, each one with its objective function characteristics, achieving better results when compared to the case study practice.
Desenvolvimento de sensores impressos e descartáveis para a detecção de compostos de importância ambiental e biológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-11)
Andreotti, Isabela Aparecida de Araujo
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Janegitz, Bruno Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9446453525763089
Disposable electrochemical sensors have attracted the attention of the scientific community given its advantages, such as large-scale production with relatively low cost and reduced sample volume. In this context, the technique of printed electrodes has been widely used in electroanalytical for the development of new sensing platforms and in the improvement of their performances. With the objective of developing disposable sensors with low relative cost, through the printing technique, two conductive inks were developed: one from nail polish (NP) for nails and graphite (GP) and another paint from stained glass varnish (GV) and graphite. As a substrate of the sensor, we used PET from bottles of drinks that would be discarded. After the development of the conductive ink, the morphological and electrochemical characterization of GP-NP / PET and GP-GV / PET devices were performed. To verify the functionality of the sensors, hydroquinone (HQ), serotonin (5-HT), epinephrine (EP) and estriol (E3) were chosen as analytes. The scanning electron microscopy characterization of GP-NP / PET and GP-GV / PET revealed that the inks have a homogeneous, rough and porous surface, characteristics that help increase the surface area of the working electrode. Using the square-wave voltammetry technique, the GP-NP / PET sensor presented a linear response in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.2 × 10−8 mol L−1 for HQ, 5,0 × 10−5 to 1,0 × 10−4 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 3,1 × 10−7 mol L−1 for 5-HT and 1.0 × 10−7 to 5.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 1 × 10−7 mol L−1 for EP. For the GP-GV/PET device, 1.0 × 10−7 at 8.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 to was obtained with a detection limit of 1 × 10−8 mol L−1 for E3. The devices detected the analytes in environmental, pharmaceutical and biological samples. In this way, the inks developed are interesting for the application in disposable sensors, given their characteristics as homogeneity while liquid, and physical stability after drying, not breaking, following the flexibility of the substrate.
Instrumento para mensurar privacidade em ambientes IoT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-11)
Lopes, Bruno
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Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3583757032047884
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects devices that are commonly used in people's daily lives - such as cell phones, televisions, coffee makers, refrigerators, beds, sensors, and more - so that they automatically communicate over a network. Generic, impersonal information exchange between devices can occasionally lead to privacy issues, such as making personal information available to applications when using them. Since it retains a concept that involves various dimensions of data considered private, such as body, behavioral, communication and personal. To measure privacy in IoT environments, this paper presents the design of an instrument, called the Internet of Things Privacy Concerns (IoTPC), which is capable of reflecting users' concerns about privacy in an IoT environment. The IoTPC instrument consists of 17 items obtained through an analysis of the privacy measurement instruments available in the current literature, which include users' opinion on how devices collect, process and make their personal information available in specific IoT scenarios. . The validation of the IoTPC was performed from the analysis of the results of a sample of 61 participants, considering the dimensions of IoT requests, decision power and caution, through exploratory factor analysis. IoTPC subsidized the construction of an inference module in a privacy negotiation mechanism for IoT systems. This module performs an inference based on IoTPC items and IoT scenarios through machine learning algorithms, which have been trained and tested with the privacy preferences derived from the IoTPC instrument. The results of the learning process of the inference module obtained an accuracy of 79.20%, concluding that the instrument can be employed by a privacy negotiation mechanism.
Dor crônica e desempenho cognitivo em idosos cuidadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-11)
Terassi, Marielli
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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Hortense, Priscilla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234
In recent years, an increasing number of elderly people who care for another elderly person in the same household have been observed. This elderly person may be more susceptible to increased stress, overload and chronic pain. Pain can negatively influence social, psychological and cognitive variables, and some studies describe a worse cognitive performance in individuals with chronic pain, but the studies in the literature are still controversial. Thus, this thesis aimed to: 1) Compare the performance and cognitive processing of elderly caregivers and non-caregivers with and without chronic pain. 2) Verify the relationship of cognitive performance and chronic pain over time in elderly caregivers and the factors associated with this cognitive decline. In order to achieve the objectives, two studies were performed. In the first study, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 149 elderly individuals divided into four groups matched for gender, age and education. The groups were divided into: elderly caregivers with chronic pain, elderly caregivers with absence of pain, elderly caregivers with chronic pain and elderly caregivers with absence of pain. In order to verify the intensity of the pain, the numerical scale of pain was used and for the evaluation of cognition the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BRRC), the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE_R) and the cognitive processing through the evoked potential (P300). Significant statistical differences between participants with and without chronic pain were found in the attention / orientation domains, visuospatial abilities and total score of the ACER instrument. In the BBRC the differences were found in the painless group between caregivers and non-caregivers, with better results in the caregiver group. There was no effect between subjects or interaction (care and pain) on P300 amplitude and latency. The second article was a longitudinal study, conducted with 104 elderly caregivers between the years 2014 and 2018. Participants were divided into two groups: with chronic pain and absence of pain. All comparisons were adjusted for gender, age, number of medications, number of comorbidities, hours of care, depression and stress. For data analysis, a mixed linear model and ANCOVA with a significance level of 5% were used. Cognitive decline was observed over four years in the elderly with chronic pain in the memory domains (p = <0.01; 95% CI = 0.75-2.84) and in the total score of the ACE-R instrument (p = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.32-4.25) in relation to the elderly without pain, however, no associated factor was identified in this decline. Despite intragroup changes, there was no evidence that the pain group achieved a significant change from the pain-free group. Regarding the group with chronic pain, it was not possible to verify an association between pain intensity and cognitive performance. In conclusion, the results showed that the elderly caregivers with chronic pain presented worse cognitive performance over four years in the total score of the ACER instrument and in the memory domain, but there was no difference between groups in cognitive performance.
Evolução cromossômica e diversidade genética em espécies de peixes da família Arapaimidae (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-12)
Oliveira, Ezequiel Aguiar de
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Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3035501906153908
The Neotropical region exhibits the largest diversity of freshwater fishes in the world and the demographic history of several taxa is related to the geomorphological and climatic history of this region. Among the Osteoglossiformes, the Arapaimidae family is represented by only two genera, with a South American representative Arapaima and another African Heterotis, an important ichthyological group that still has lacked genetic and cytogenetic studies. Therefore, the present work with the use of advanced population genomics tools, selection of demographic models by machine learning, conventional and molecular cytogenetics analysis, aimed at developing a broad understanding of the chromosomal, molecular and phylogeographic diversity of these species. We aimed to better clarify the evolutionary events that shaped the demographic history of this fish group. For that, South American and African representatives of Arapaimidae, namely Arapaima (four natural populations of the Am basin, three of the To-Ar basin and three fish farms) and Heterotis niloticus (a population of the Oluwa River in Nigeria) were examined. The species differed significantly by means of diploid chromosome numbers, with 2n = 56 found in Arapaima and 2n = 40 exhibited by H. niloticus. However, these species presented some general tendencies shared by other Osteoglossiformes analyzed so far, regarding the presence of only one pair of chromosomes bearing 18S and 5S rDNA sites and karyotypes dominated by acrocentric-submetacentric chromosomes, thus corresponding to hypothetical karyotype patterns ancestral to teleosts. In addition, their genomes showed remarkable divergence in terms of repetitive DNA content and distribution as revealed by Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH). On the other hand, genomic diversity of single-copy sequences (SNPs), retrieved through principal component analysis (PCA), based on alleles obtained by the DArTseq procedure, demonstrated a very low genetic distance between these genera. These data provided a clear view of the genetic diversity between African and South American Arapaimidae species and were highly consistent with the chromosomal, geographic and historical data, helping to understand its evolutionary diversification. Concerning the investigations of the genus Arapaima in South America, we observed a higher general level of genetic diversity in the Am populations when compared to the one observed in the To-Ar basin. In addition, a high genetic differentiation between the populations of the different basins was observed. By including samples of fish farming, the most likely ancestry of the used breeding herds was revealed, raising concerns about the use of broodstocks outside the distribution of their genetic grouping. No significant chromosome differentiations in the karyotypic structure and repetitive DNA compositions among the studied Arapaima populations was observed. Although the main routes for Arapaima colonization in South America are still unclear, the model selection from convolutional neural networks (CNN) applied to our empirical data indicated a scenario in which the Am basin was the first to be colonized, followed by the To-Ar one. Other studies should focus on a wider historical biogeographic reconstruction of the order Osteoglossiformes, which may potentially explain its relationship with the Gondwana break-up and the presence of this taxon in South America.
Anitta ou Larissa? Da Poderosa à Malandra: Performatividades e Identidades que promovem o empoderamento feminino no funk brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-12)
Cardeal, Fernanda Rebeca de
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Míguez, Antón Castro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6829358449068280
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1496316750793018
La investigación propone reflexiones acerca del funcionamiento del lenguaje en relación a los discursos de empoderamiento femenino encontrados en las performatividades de la cantante e intérprete Anitta, así como las varias identidades sociales que la integran como sujeto político en la sociedad brasileña. Al representar el estilo Funk – género musical contemporáneo – la artista presenta interpelación política y social relevante para los estudios de teorías feministas y de empoderamiento. A partir de un análisis documental asistido por estudios de performatividad e identidad, la investigación presenta aproximaciones para reflexiones de análisis de los objetos seleccionados, compuesto por dos performatividades de Anitta: “Show de las Poderosas” y “Vai Malandra”, bajo la perspectiva del lugar de habla, del empoderamiento y del feminismo. A partir de las discusiones propuestas a lo largo de la investigación, busco resultados teórico-reflexivos significativos, pues considero los objetos de investigación empíricamente contemporáneos y transgresores.
Dinâmica de EDP parabólicas locais ou não locais: existência, unicidade e comportamento assintótico de solução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-12)
Luna, Tito Luciano Mamani
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Madeira, Gustavo Ferron
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1540196066117667
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9286342294400168
This work is dedicated to the study of dynamical properties of some partial differential equations (PDE, for short) of parabolic type, local or nonlocal ones. We prove existence, uniqueness and establish the asymptotic behavior, for large times, for two classes of PDE. Namely, a (nonlocal) parabolic equation with a Kirchhoff term and flux boundary condition and two parabolic PDE driven by the p-Laplacian with logistic terms involving potentials and weights which may be indefi nite and unbounded. First we prove existence and continuous dependence on data for the PDE with Kirchhoff term using Faedo-Galerkin method and a suitable change of variables. Some sufficient conditions are given to ensure uniqueness of solution. Concerning asymptotic behavior, we show that the omega limit set of each (semi) orbit contains, at least, one stationary solution. We then study stability of local minima of the associated energy functional showing first a result on asymptotic stability of a global minimum for the energy. We also prove a sufficient condition for the existence of isolated local minimum of the energy functional, which is proved to be an asymptotically stable stationary solution in a suitable neighborhood. Finally we determine the dynamics of positive solutions with bounded initial datum for two classes of parabolic PDE driven by the p-Laplacian with indefi nite and unbounded potentials and logistic sources having weights which are also indefi nite and unbounded. The boundary conditions appearing are also of flux type (linear or nonlinear). The asymptotic stability properties of the stationary solutions are described using principal eigenvalues of some elliptic eigenvalue problems involving a parameter of the original PDE. Those eigenvalue problems are also studied herein in order to be used as a tool for obtaining our results due to the low regularity assumptions on their coeficients from the viewpoint of the literature.
Crescimento de seis espécies madeireiras nativas da mata atlântica sob diferentes intensidades de luz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-12)
Barros, André Junqueira
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Loiola, Priscilla de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691455603546958
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Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840
The history of degradation has generated millions of hectares that demand forest restoration by landowners in the Atlantic Rain Forest and other tropical regions of the world. However, the high cost of the projects inhibits large-scale forest restoration and one way to overcome this barrier is the develop of restoration models that foresee timber production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of six native species of the Atlantic Rain Forest that have potential to produce timber (Anadenanthera colubrina, Balfourodendron ridelianum, Cordia trichotoma, Astronium graveolens, Cariniana legalis e Parapiptadenia rigida), planted in a forest restoration area of five years, in Araras-SP, under different intensities of light. We expected that the increase in light availability would lead to higher growth of timber species. The treatments consisted of chemical thinning (standing death) of 0, 30, 60 and 100% of the basal area of the covering trees. In 20 plots of 600 m² each, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and canopy opening were used to validate the chemical thinning technique and to relate them to each other and with silvicultural attributes (height, diameter and stem quality) of individuals under different intensities of light. The height, diameter at the soil level and stem quality of 1.000 individuals were sampled before and one year after treatments, to analyze growth in a shaded environment and relative growth rate after thinning, and the infestation of invasive grasses and ruderal species under different levels of light. The chemical thinning created light treatments, and the canopy opening, and PAR sampling methods showed a positive correlation. The growth of the evaluated species was slow in a shaded environment, with a positive result for C. legalis and negative for B. riedelianum. The levels of thinning affected the relative growth in trunk diameter of the species and, individually, C. legalis and C. tricochoma presented differences for relative growth rate in height and diameter, and B. riedelianum for diameter, due to the levels of thinning and PAR. The thinning provides greater light input in the understory and this may favor the growth of some species, without influencing others. Therefore, the decision to use practices to increase light levels in the understory of forest restoration plantations is species dependent.
A construção da criticidade na perspectiva do letramento. Reflexões a partir da análise de uma experiência em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-12)
Martarello, Paulo Francisco
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Míguez, Antón Castro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6829358449068280
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-7270
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo se construye la criticidad desde la perspectiva de la literacidad, en el contexto del aula (de lengua extranjera), a partir de reflexiones producidas acerca de mi experiencia como profesor en formación y en período de prácticas. Para ello, desarrollo una investigación de carácter narrativo, según lo que propone Vera Menezes (2006), en que analizo mis registros (planes de clases, diarios reflexivos y registros personales) durante el período de prácticas obligatorias de la carrera de Licenciatura en Letras, ocasión en que pude ofrecer un curso de corta duración de lengua española a adolescentes de una escuela pública. Los análisis emprendidos y las reflexiones construidas señalan la importancia de que el educador (en el ámbito de la educación lingüística) piense sus acciones pedagógicas involucradas a una agenda de combate a las desigualdades y de promoción de una ciudadanía crítica, plena y solidaria, comprometidas con el desarrollo de la autonomía y la criticidad de los estudiantes.
Análise de metais potencialmente tóxicos em ambientes aquáticos (Da Água e dos insetos da ordem Odonata) para biomonitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-12)
Ribeiro, Simone Maria
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Toppa, Rogério Hartung
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729
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Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
Potentially toxic metals are among the most common contaminants in waters and their origin may be both natural and anthropogenic. As soon as they come into contact with the aquatic ecosystem, the metals can be transported to the various compartments of the environment, such as soil, sediment, plants and animals, and may become bioaccumulative. With the increase of activities of anthropic origin and the degradation of water resources, biomonitoring becomes an effective way to expose various types of stress that may occur in the environment, serving as an alarm for declines in the quality of the environment and populations. With the determination of the adverse effects of the presence of contaminants in water bodies, it is becoming increasingly important to indicate environmental disturbances from possible contaminating sources such as agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Al3+ in the water and larvae of the order Odonata in dams 1 and 2, related to the conventional and organic planting of a plantation orange. The collected samples were previously digested and subjected to the analysis of determination of the potentially toxic metals using the atomic emission spectrometry equipment with microwave plasma (MP-AES). The water samples indicated for some metals a concentration above the limit allowed by CONAMA Resolution n° 357/2005, in the following order Cu2+> Pb2+> Mn2+ in both dams near conventional and organic cultivation. Cr ions were observed only in dam 1 (close to conventional planting) and Al ions in dam 2 (close to organic planting). In the Odonata larvae, the presence of metals Zn2+> Cu2+> Pb2+> Mn2+ was observed in both dams close to conventional and organic cultivation. All other metals were found in dams and larvae, even in small concentrations. It is concluded that the insects of the order Odonata absorb considerable concentrations of metals in the organism, the metals found in the Odonata resemble the metals found in the water, and it can be reinforced the concept that the Odonata are important indicators to monitor contaminations of metals in agricultural areas.
Detecção de invasões biológicas no cerrado utilizando deep learning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-18)
Santos, Igor Araujo Dias
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Vivaldini, Kelen Cristiane Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5245409138233148
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5202609356103130
The Cerrado represents an important reserve of natural resources, with biodiversity representativity worldwide. On the other hand, biological invasions can threaten the balance and put in risk local species, in this way making it urgent to elaborate technological resources that may cooperate in the natural preservation and conservation process. The present study intends to use images from visual spectrum areas (RGB) collected by an UAV for autonomous detection of biological invasions in Cerrado, adopting techniques from Deep Learning. For getting the images, the UAV (Quadcopter) and the attached RGB sensor were chosen from their greatest accessibility and resulting reproducibility. The Convolutional AutoEncoder (CAE) and U-Net networks were adopted for being widely used in Dataset with a few samples, because of its capacity of generalizing, despite having few examples for the training. Therefore, an original Dataset was created from the study area using manual delineation and later the same basis was broadened with Data Augmentation technique. For analyzing the unchanged database, the Convolutional AutoEncoder network overcome the U-net one with an 88% F-score against 84%. With the second DataSet with Data Augmentation, the results were even better, with an 93% CAE F-score, compared with 84% from U-net and superior Precision on both scenarios (85.4% CAE and 82% U-net for original DataSet and 93% CAE and 84% with Data Augmentation). Those differences are relevant because of the necessity of precision in the results to correctly direct teams on their search tasks for biological invasions through the wide Cerrado territory. It also emphasizes CAE characteristics considering its smallest size, with a small number of layers and neurons, and with higher metrics for this application. Thus, it was possible to note that the predictive model generated by AutoEncoder Network can be used efficiently, with great potential for other databases. Finally, it is concluded that this paper represents the Machine Learning progress and its capacity of assisting daily life, expanding the possibilities of future works.
Produção e caracterizações de superfícies antimicrobianas e bioativas sobre titânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-19)
Zaniolo, Karina Marchi
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Biaggio, Sonia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389222837865300
Titanium (Ti), being biocompatible and presenting chemical stability and good mechanical properties, is the most used material for manufacturing dental implants. However, implants present a high number of failures mainly due to bacterial infections and aseptic loosening. Infections can be prevented by the addition of antimicrobial agents to the surface of these implants and the formation of a bioactive surface accelerates the osseointegration process preventing loosening. In this context, the aim of this work was to modify the Ti surface so as to promote an early osseointegration and to provide antimicrobial activity. Thus, porous and bioactive surfaces of titanium oxide were produced on titanium by the insertion of calcium and phosphorus ions by the micro-arc oxidation technique. Afterwards, silver was deposited (via electroplating or by dripping a colloidal silver nanoparticle solution - NpAg) on this surface (Ti/TiO2) to provide antimicrobial activity. In addition, to minimize the cellular toxicity of silver, these surfaces were coated with the poly(lactic acid) polymer (PLA). The NpAg were synthesized by a reproducible method and characterized by UV-Vis, MET, DLS spectroscopy and zeta-potential measurements. On the other hand, the surfaces of Ti (polished, anodized, anodized/Ag and anodized/Ag/PLA) were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. These surfaces exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, good biocompatibility with pre-osteoblasts in cell-viability tests, extracellular matrix mineralization, and cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, the PLA coating was effective for the controlled release of Ag in PBS medium. The various surfaces produced in this work are promising for use as implants and may be especially useful in patients who have periodontal disease, or who have poor bone stock that requires greater stimulation for osteogenesis.
Efeitos da fotobiomodulação, do exercício e da lesão muscular num modelo experimental de recuperação alimentar pós desnutrição em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-22)
Pezolato, Vitor Alexandre
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Silva, Carlos Alberto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4175556325372922
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
Protein malnutrition has negative short- and long-term effects on the functioning of the most varied tissues. In this way, the present study focused on the evaluation of the biochemical, tissue and nutritional parameters, adaptive capacity and maintenance of aerobic training loads, metabolic response to physical exercise, muscular tensile strength, being these characteristics associated or not with the laser therapy, both in animals that underwent the process of protein malnutrition and nutritional recovery, as in animals that were fed a normoprotein diet. For this purpose, Wistar rats, weaned on the 21st day of life, were randomly divided into 10 groups, so-called: control (C), trained control (CT), trained and injured control (CTL), trained and irradiated control (CTLa), trained and irradiated trained control (CTLLa), recovered malnourished (DR) trained recovered malnourished (DRT), recovered and injured malnourished (DRTL), trained and irradiated recovered malnourished (DRTLa), trained injured and irradiated recovered malnourished (DRTLLa). Statistical analysis was performed by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by intra and intra-group comparisons, for which two-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons, followed by the Sidak test for parametric data, for non-parametric data the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed followed by the Dunn test, considering the critical value of p <0.05 for statistical significance. The condition of protein malnutrition when delineated in the early and critical stages of development may lead to changes in biological markers, which can be recovered with the normoprotein diet, but as deformation of muscle tissue, cardiac electrical conduction and blood parameters may not be recovered. Still, the photobiomodulation seems to favor the energetic condition in the physical exercise, such as improving muscular tensile strength and increasing glycogen reserves and may be a good instrument to be used for performance improvement, as well as for injury prevention and recovery.
Avaliação do efeito de agentes hidrofugantes nas características de telhas onduladas de fibrocimento sem amianto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-22)
Coelho, Tassiane de Paula Pinheiro
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9607725497477486
The fiber cement is a material of great applicability in the branch of the civil construction, due to its characteristics, versatility and low cost, that makes it an accessible element. Fiber cement corrugated tiles are examples of some products derived from this class of material. Besides being the object of study of this work, these are of cement-based matrix, commonly Portland cement, reinforced with fibers, which currently replace asbestos, are vegetables and / or synthetic. However, one of the main defects that this product presents is related to water permeability, and the appearance of moisture on the underside of the tile may be tolerated, as long as it does not cause too much staining or the formation of water droplets. It is important to note that porous materials may have a significant water absorption capacity as a function of pore structure, quantity and pore size, and the fiber cement tiles, as well as the inherent porosity of the product, have voids in the low-adhesion regions of the fiber interface / matrix, due to the hydrophobic character of the fibers. This study aimed to generate contributions on the effect of water repellent agents on previously processed tiles in order to minimize water permeability, reducing their accessibility through the voids of the fiber / matrix interface, replacing the commercial alternatives of waterproofing and paints treatments surface. The methodology was based on analyzes of the characteristics of asbestos-free fibre cement tiles, evaluating water absorption, apparent porosity, pore size distribution, flexural strength, permeability to water without and with continuous flow and microstructural analysis of samples treated by immersion in aqueous solutions of water repellents before and after accelerated aging test. The results have shown that immersion baths with silicone based hydrophobizing agents with siloxane and silane with copolymerized acrylic resin mixture are effective, minimize staining and droplet formation, and that such a treatment method can be applied industrially.
Transições entre estados espaciais não homogêneos em sistemas químicos e biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-22)
Silva-Dias, Leonardo
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López-Castillo, Alejandro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599181118729458
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2923386173329657
In the article The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis - 1952, Alan M. Turing proposed that the morphogenesis could be described through a specific reaction mechanism which enables the emergence of inhomogeneous and stationary spatial structures, known as "Turing patterns". Many theoretical and experimental studies revealed that physical and chemical parameters, e.g. radiation, temperature and boundary condition, can interfere on the emergence of those patterns. Among them, the boundary condition is the source of perturbation least explored, however it has a great importance on the study of the dynamics of small systems, e.g. cells. From these perspectives, this work presents the construction of a code, written in FORTRAN 90, capable of solving systems of partial differential equations, reaction-diffusion type, and the results of the theoretical investigation of the effects of the boundary conditions, performed through the perimeter of the system's domain, gradient of temperature and gradient of concentration. This investigation was carried out considering the isothermal and nonisothermal versions of the Brusselator model in a small domain reactor. The outcomes showed that: 1) In isothermal situations the variation of the perimeter enables the emergence of different spatial structures by a possible phenomenon of superposition of Turing patterns. In nonisothermal conditions, the temperature strongly regulates the geometrical formats of the patterns, for any perimeter, preventing the emergence of spatial structures with different configurations. 2) The temperature can be used as parameter of control in the syntonization of different Turing patterns, in a way that a thermal gradient can induce the emergence of different Turing patterns simultaneously. 3) Sources of chemicals defined at the bounders can induce the spatial symmetry breaking of Turing patterns if the following condition is satisfied: The concentration of chemicals, located at the bounders, presents the equivalent value of the equilibrium point of the homogeneous dynamical system. Based on Alan M. Turing ideas and considering the results obtained in this work, a minimal chemical model is proposed to describe the initial steps of the cellular differentiation, embriogenesis, and biogenesis.
Viabilidade da implementação em campo da atividade fotodinâmica da curcumina para o controle de larvas do Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-23)
Souza, Larissa Marila de
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4920199290813124
The use of insecticides is indispensable for the control of vectors. Since the 1960s, organophosphates are applied against populations of Aedes aegypti. With the indiscriminate use of these substances during a long period of time, there was a strong pressure selection, favoring the appearance of resistant populations. In an attempt to circumvent this problem, vector control programs have opted for the rotation of compounds with different mechanisms of action. Since few products are available for Aedes aegypti control, the search for new molecules and methods is pivotal. Taking this into account, the use of substances with photodynamic activity is strongly encouraged, due to its multi-target mechanism of action. These molecules act through photodynamic action, generating highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light and molecular oxygen. In this study, we evaluated the photodynamic activity of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, found in turmeric Curcuma longa L. against Rockefeller strains (simulated field trials) and field populations of Aedes aegypti. The photolarvicidal action of curcumin was investigated in the presence of two sugars: sucrose and D-mannitol. The characterization of the molecular alterations involved in the activity of these compounds on Aedes aegypti was performed by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the acute toxicity of curcumin in sugars was verified using the microcrustacean Daphnia magna and the fish Danio rerio, as well as the generation of ROS in these organisms. The biological effects of curcumin on Aedes aegypti were characterized by oxidative stress biomarkers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT). This study also aimed to analyze and characterize the morphological changes caused by curcumin in the larval digestive tract by histological analysis. Additionally, microbiological water quality studies of curcumin-treated reservoirs with sucrose and D-mannitol were conducted to evaluate the impact of these formulations on the micro-environment. The results of this study showed the high photo-larvicidal potential of curcumin on Rockefeller strains in a simulated field. The LC50-24h values ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 mg.L-1, which are lower than other natural plant extracts. The analysis of the molecular mechanisms via Raman spectroscopy showed that curcumin in D-mannitol is highly permeable to the peritrophic membrane of the insect, causing irreversible damage to the simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tube. Both formulations of curcumin did not presented toxicity in D. magna and D. rerio up to 100 mg.L-1. ROS were generated in D. magna exposed to 50 mg.L-1 of curcumin in D-mannitol, and may be a consequence of detoxification processes or even the mechanism of action of these molecules. Regarding the biochemical response in Aedes aegypti, curcumin in D-mannitol did not alter CAT activity at any of the concentrations tested. On the other hand, GSH overproduction occurred at the lowest concentration (0.45 mg.L-1), indicating detoxification efforts due to possible ROS generation. In the histological analysis of the larvae submitted to curcumin in D-mannitol, we observed a great cellular disorganization in all the regions of the alimentary canal, that completely lost its characteristic of columnar epithelium. The curcumin in sucrose also caused serious damage to the midgut, however these changes were more punctual. Finally, studies on Rockefeller strains and field populations validated the efficacy of curcumin as a photo-larvicide against Aedes aegypti, evincing its high potential as an environmentally safe, economically feasible and rational alternative for the control of vector larvae.
Atenção Pré-Natal: percepções de adolescentes que pariram prematuramente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-23)
Marques, Tatiane Montelatto
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Wernet, Monika
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900677052600832
Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy, given its repercussions on health and life, has been taken as a challenge to Public Health. One of the axes of attention is the reception of adolescents and their families in health practices. Therefore, this study turned to prenatal care under the question “How did the adolescent who gave birth prematurely perceived prenatal care received?” Objective: To analyze the perception of adolescents who gave birth prematurely about prenatal care received at public network, with attention to the nurse's place. Method: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection was developed, so that this study brought the results from the interview with 11 adolescent women, mothers of premature mothers. The open interview was used to produce the data from the initial placement: Tell me about your prenatal care and what he represented to you. All interviews were recorded in audio and underwent the analytical processes of Content Analysis (AC) and Symbolic Interactionism (IS) in the thematic modality in Bardin's proposition. Results: The results brought the perception of 11 adolescent women through four thematic categories: Discovery of pregnancy and early prenatal times, Insufficient attention in prenatal care, Dismissal of family members in childbirth and birth and Welcoming of family and friends, where (5) of them started prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy, (4) had 6 prenatal consultations and (2) started prenatal care late in the second trimester of pregnancy, which is not recommended by the Ministry of Health. and the Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program (PHPN) which may result in a lack of information such as the partner's right to follow up on prenatal consultations and the benefits of prenatal care. The analyzes revealed barriers to dialogue between adolescents and professionals during prenatal consultations, an essential factor for humanization and comprehensiveness. Conclusion: While discussions we can point out that prenatal care mainly, when this is the adolescent issue, there are gaps in the quality of care provided, both in reception, dialogue and rights due to lack of information. Further explorations that add to this study are necessary to densify evidence that composes the challenges of prenatal care for adolescents in the Brazilian context.
Produção de proteína recombinante a de superfície de pneumococo em escherichia coli: análise econômica e influência da plataforma de expressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-24)
Cardoso, Valdemir Moretto
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3531783325262501
Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases represent a widespread public health. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), which is recognized as one of the main virulence factors of this bacterium, has gained relevance in coverage and protection when used as part of conjugated vaccines or antigenic subunits. To a large scale offer, PspA may be produced by Gram-negative bacteria genetically modified as Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, E. coli strains, which are commonly used as expression platforms of recombinant proteins, produce lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an endotoxin that can cause adverse reactions whether it is present in vaccine compositions. This fact may demand additional steps during protein purification and contribute to increase process cost of this vaccine production. In 2013, a new E. coli BL21(DE3) strain (ClearColi®) has been commercially available. This strain synthesizes a genetically modified LPS, which is endotoxin-free. However, PspA production in such organisms has not been assessed yet and the impact of different strategies of cultivation and economical process implications are not known. Then, the present work had as objective to evaluate PspA4Pro process production using ClearColi® and conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) cells harboring the plasmid pET37b(+)/pspA4Pro as expression platforms to PspA4Pro, an untagged fragment of PspA with immunogenic potential. The best conditions of temperature, induction and complex medium composition evidenced in shaker flasks were evaluated in bioreactor during batch and fed-batch modes in order to intensify PspA4Pro production. Bioreactor cultivations using defined medium were performed for comparisons. Studies involving conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) focused mainly on evaluating an ordinary extract from soy supplement for human consumption as alternative nitrogen source in shaker and bioreactor (31 °C, autoinduction with lactose) assays. In order to assess the impact of different process conditions on component, energy and gases expenses, it was developed and applied an economic analysis from 9 bioreactors cultivations using conventional E. coli (in which were compared defined and complex media, lactose and IPTG as inducers and temperatures from 27 to 37 °C) and cultivations using ClearColi® (five) in different media, IPTG concentrations and operation modes (batch and fed-batch). Into the studied conditions, the economic results demonstrated that PspA4Pro production in simple batches may be more cost-effective than fed-batches, despite the latter have presented higher recombinant protein titers and productivities. Economic results based on conventional cell experiments showed that using IPTG as inducer in a higher scale was more viable, while lower costs were obtained in cultivations at 32 °C using defined medium, even though peptone (or alternative nitrogen sources) prices below US$ 30.00/kg turn the complex medium the best choice. Although PspA-biomass bioreactor yield using ClearColi® (173±21 mgPspA/gDCM at 32 °C with complex medium and induced by IPTG 0.70 mM) was the same order of the best values as conventional cultivations, the ClearColi® protein direct costs were the highest ones under similar production strategies. Endotoxin-free E. coli strain is scalable and promising as an expression platform of recombinant proteins.
Tecnologias na atenção primária à saúde: a atuação de enfermeiras na perspectiva do empoderamento social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-25)
Ordoñez, Lina Karina Bernal
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Arantes, Cássia Irene Spinelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4246837549578145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3204211395230599
This thesis has as a general objective to analyze the work process of nurses in Primary Health Care (PHC) in the development of technologies for the empowerment of users and health teams. It is a qualitative and exploratory research, in a case study modality, carried out with nurses from a small municipality in the state of São Paulo. To produce two empirical data, the following strategies were used: semi-structured interview, systematic observation and field diary recording. Was conducted 09 interviews, one with a nurse responsible for the coordination of the PHC of the municipality and 08 with nurses from family health units. Systematic observation of the work process of three nurses selected from the interviews was carried out. The information obtained from the observation was recorded in the field diary and completed the production of two research data. The given forums are analyzed in light of two principles of Social Empowerment anchored in liberating education and concepts related to the organization of the Process of Work in Health. To characterize the work process of PHC nurses, it was used as a tool for the construction of an analyzing flowchart. For general analysis, two data were used as reference for content analysis, in thematic modality. The results show a superficiality in the understanding of empowerment by nurses, instead of conceiving empowerment as giving voice to the PHC team and users. The flowcharts will allow a description of the activities carried out by nurses in PHC and will show the dynamics of the work process and differences in the productive process of each nurse: one in which live work is predominant and others in which dead work prevails. An analysis of the content of its origin in three categories: technologies with potential for the empowerment of users; technology with the potential for the empowerment of the health team and technology with the potential for the empowerment of nurses. The results showed the possibility of using various technologies with potential for social empowerment in PHC, even if their realization is conditioned by political and social determinants.
Histórias da terapia ocupacional na América Latina: processos de criação dos primeiros programas de formação profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-25)
Monzeli, Gustavo Artur
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0110941841939417
The thesis formulated here is based on questions about the reasons for the emergence or implantation of occupational therapy in Latin America and how the stories involving such processes are reduced to the reproduction of the history of the United States of America as if their reasons and contexts had been the same. The assumption that guided us was the search for the specific reasons in the different countries of the continent, in the Latin American. The general objective was to investigate the historical processes of creation of the first educational program in occupational therapy in each of the 14 countries that are members of the Latin American Confederation of Occupational Therapists. For this, the data presented here and discussed were constructed in four main stages: 1) design of the countries participating in the research; 2) identification of the participants, with the use of questionnaires and interviews; 3) search of historical records and scientific productions on the history of occupational therapy in each country; 4) analysis of the data produced by the questionnaires, interviews and historical records. The results of this thesis are evident in the discussion of historical pathways, from the creation of occupational therapy in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, to the analysis of the main historical antecedents that provided the creation of the first professional training programs in Latin America countries from the 1950s onwards. The data analysis was proposed in eight dimensions: 1) the replication of educational programs models influenced by rehabilitation prospects of the Northern countries; 2) the formation of programs subordinated to medical logic; 3) the public for the educational programs composed mainly of women from urban elites to carry out social and humanitarian aid work; 4) the influence of World Federation of Occupational Therapy in determining guidelines for the curricula of new training programs; 5) international cooperation projects for the development of Latin America, mainly carried out by international organizations such as the UN, WHO, PAHO and ILO, which have contributed to the creation of standardized responses to the demands of rehabilitation; 6) regional cooperation, also mediated by international cooperation agencies, offering assistance for the graduation of professionals from other Latin American countries; 7) the professors of these first programs are, besides medics and occupational therapists from other countries, newly graduated occupational therapists, almost always from the training programs themselves; 8) the relation between the creation of the first educational programs and the political, economic and social situation in each country, which in some cases causes educational programs to to be boosted or receives little investment, mainly by the interest of States in developing, or not, strategies of care for the subjects and groups, in general, non-priority. The main conclusions allow us to point to the analysis of occupational therapy, at least in the scope of educational programs, as a product of the articulation between nation-states, by the logic of capital articulated to Coloniality.