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Detecção de invasões biológicas no cerrado utilizando deep learning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-18)
Santos, Igor Araujo Dias
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Vivaldini, Kelen Cristiane Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5245409138233148
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5202609356103130
The Cerrado represents an important reserve of natural resources, with biodiversity representativity worldwide. On the other hand, biological invasions can threaten the balance and put in risk local species, in this way making it urgent to elaborate technological resources that may cooperate in the natural preservation and conservation process. The present study intends to use images from visual spectrum areas (RGB) collected by an UAV for autonomous detection of biological invasions in Cerrado, adopting techniques from Deep Learning. For getting the images, the UAV (Quadcopter) and the attached RGB sensor were chosen from their greatest accessibility and resulting reproducibility. The Convolutional AutoEncoder (CAE) and U-Net networks were adopted for being widely used in Dataset with a few samples, because of its capacity of generalizing, despite having few examples for the training. Therefore, an original Dataset was created from the study area using manual delineation and later the same basis was broadened with Data Augmentation technique. For analyzing the unchanged database, the Convolutional AutoEncoder network overcome the U-net one with an 88% F-score against 84%. With the second DataSet with Data Augmentation, the results were even better, with an 93% CAE F-score, compared with 84% from U-net and superior Precision on both scenarios (85.4% CAE and 82% U-net for original DataSet and 93% CAE and 84% with Data Augmentation). Those differences are relevant because of the necessity of precision in the results to correctly direct teams on their search tasks for biological invasions through the wide Cerrado territory. It also emphasizes CAE characteristics considering its smallest size, with a small number of layers and neurons, and with higher metrics for this application. Thus, it was possible to note that the predictive model generated by AutoEncoder Network can be used efficiently, with great potential for other databases. Finally, it is concluded that this paper represents the Machine Learning progress and its capacity of assisting daily life, expanding the possibilities of future works.
Produção e caracterizações de superfícies antimicrobianas e bioativas sobre titânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-19)
Zaniolo, Karina Marchi
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Biaggio, Sonia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389222837865300
Titanium (Ti), being biocompatible and presenting chemical stability and good mechanical properties, is the most used material for manufacturing dental implants. However, implants present a high number of failures mainly due to bacterial infections and aseptic loosening. Infections can be prevented by the addition of antimicrobial agents to the surface of these implants and the formation of a bioactive surface accelerates the osseointegration process preventing loosening. In this context, the aim of this work was to modify the Ti surface so as to promote an early osseointegration and to provide antimicrobial activity. Thus, porous and bioactive surfaces of titanium oxide were produced on titanium by the insertion of calcium and phosphorus ions by the micro-arc oxidation technique. Afterwards, silver was deposited (via electroplating or by dripping a colloidal silver nanoparticle solution - NpAg) on this surface (Ti/TiO2) to provide antimicrobial activity. In addition, to minimize the cellular toxicity of silver, these surfaces were coated with the poly(lactic acid) polymer (PLA). The NpAg were synthesized by a reproducible method and characterized by UV-Vis, MET, DLS spectroscopy and zeta-potential measurements. On the other hand, the surfaces of Ti (polished, anodized, anodized/Ag and anodized/Ag/PLA) were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. These surfaces exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, good biocompatibility with pre-osteoblasts in cell-viability tests, extracellular matrix mineralization, and cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, the PLA coating was effective for the controlled release of Ag in PBS medium. The various surfaces produced in this work are promising for use as implants and may be especially useful in patients who have periodontal disease, or who have poor bone stock that requires greater stimulation for osteogenesis.
Efeitos da fotobiomodulação, do exercício e da lesão muscular num modelo experimental de recuperação alimentar pós desnutrição em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-22)
Pezolato, Vitor Alexandre
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Silva, Carlos Alberto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4175556325372922
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
Protein malnutrition has negative short- and long-term effects on the functioning of the most varied tissues. In this way, the present study focused on the evaluation of the biochemical, tissue and nutritional parameters, adaptive capacity and maintenance of aerobic training loads, metabolic response to physical exercise, muscular tensile strength, being these characteristics associated or not with the laser therapy, both in animals that underwent the process of protein malnutrition and nutritional recovery, as in animals that were fed a normoprotein diet. For this purpose, Wistar rats, weaned on the 21st day of life, were randomly divided into 10 groups, so-called: control (C), trained control (CT), trained and injured control (CTL), trained and irradiated control (CTLa), trained and irradiated trained control (CTLLa), recovered malnourished (DR) trained recovered malnourished (DRT), recovered and injured malnourished (DRTL), trained and irradiated recovered malnourished (DRTLa), trained injured and irradiated recovered malnourished (DRTLLa). Statistical analysis was performed by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by intra and intra-group comparisons, for which two-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons, followed by the Sidak test for parametric data, for non-parametric data the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed followed by the Dunn test, considering the critical value of p <0.05 for statistical significance. The condition of protein malnutrition when delineated in the early and critical stages of development may lead to changes in biological markers, which can be recovered with the normoprotein diet, but as deformation of muscle tissue, cardiac electrical conduction and blood parameters may not be recovered. Still, the photobiomodulation seems to favor the energetic condition in the physical exercise, such as improving muscular tensile strength and increasing glycogen reserves and may be a good instrument to be used for performance improvement, as well as for injury prevention and recovery.
Avaliação do efeito de agentes hidrofugantes nas características de telhas onduladas de fibrocimento sem amianto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-22)
Coelho, Tassiane de Paula Pinheiro
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9607725497477486
The fiber cement is a material of great applicability in the branch of the civil construction, due to its characteristics, versatility and low cost, that makes it an accessible element. Fiber cement corrugated tiles are examples of some products derived from this class of material. Besides being the object of study of this work, these are of cement-based matrix, commonly Portland cement, reinforced with fibers, which currently replace asbestos, are vegetables and / or synthetic. However, one of the main defects that this product presents is related to water permeability, and the appearance of moisture on the underside of the tile may be tolerated, as long as it does not cause too much staining or the formation of water droplets. It is important to note that porous materials may have a significant water absorption capacity as a function of pore structure, quantity and pore size, and the fiber cement tiles, as well as the inherent porosity of the product, have voids in the low-adhesion regions of the fiber interface / matrix, due to the hydrophobic character of the fibers. This study aimed to generate contributions on the effect of water repellent agents on previously processed tiles in order to minimize water permeability, reducing their accessibility through the voids of the fiber / matrix interface, replacing the commercial alternatives of waterproofing and paints treatments surface. The methodology was based on analyzes of the characteristics of asbestos-free fibre cement tiles, evaluating water absorption, apparent porosity, pore size distribution, flexural strength, permeability to water without and with continuous flow and microstructural analysis of samples treated by immersion in aqueous solutions of water repellents before and after accelerated aging test. The results have shown that immersion baths with silicone based hydrophobizing agents with siloxane and silane with copolymerized acrylic resin mixture are effective, minimize staining and droplet formation, and that such a treatment method can be applied industrially.
Transições entre estados espaciais não homogêneos em sistemas químicos e biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-22)
Silva-Dias, Leonardo
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López-Castillo, Alejandro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599181118729458
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2923386173329657
In the article The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis - 1952, Alan M. Turing proposed that the morphogenesis could be described through a specific reaction mechanism which enables the emergence of inhomogeneous and stationary spatial structures, known as "Turing patterns". Many theoretical and experimental studies revealed that physical and chemical parameters, e.g. radiation, temperature and boundary condition, can interfere on the emergence of those patterns. Among them, the boundary condition is the source of perturbation least explored, however it has a great importance on the study of the dynamics of small systems, e.g. cells. From these perspectives, this work presents the construction of a code, written in FORTRAN 90, capable of solving systems of partial differential equations, reaction-diffusion type, and the results of the theoretical investigation of the effects of the boundary conditions, performed through the perimeter of the system's domain, gradient of temperature and gradient of concentration. This investigation was carried out considering the isothermal and nonisothermal versions of the Brusselator model in a small domain reactor. The outcomes showed that: 1) In isothermal situations the variation of the perimeter enables the emergence of different spatial structures by a possible phenomenon of superposition of Turing patterns. In nonisothermal conditions, the temperature strongly regulates the geometrical formats of the patterns, for any perimeter, preventing the emergence of spatial structures with different configurations. 2) The temperature can be used as parameter of control in the syntonization of different Turing patterns, in a way that a thermal gradient can induce the emergence of different Turing patterns simultaneously. 3) Sources of chemicals defined at the bounders can induce the spatial symmetry breaking of Turing patterns if the following condition is satisfied: The concentration of chemicals, located at the bounders, presents the equivalent value of the equilibrium point of the homogeneous dynamical system. Based on Alan M. Turing ideas and considering the results obtained in this work, a minimal chemical model is proposed to describe the initial steps of the cellular differentiation, embriogenesis, and biogenesis.
Viabilidade da implementação em campo da atividade fotodinâmica da curcumina para o controle de larvas do Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-23)
Souza, Larissa Marila de
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4920199290813124
The use of insecticides is indispensable for the control of vectors. Since the 1960s, organophosphates are applied against populations of Aedes aegypti. With the indiscriminate use of these substances during a long period of time, there was a strong pressure selection, favoring the appearance of resistant populations. In an attempt to circumvent this problem, vector control programs have opted for the rotation of compounds with different mechanisms of action. Since few products are available for Aedes aegypti control, the search for new molecules and methods is pivotal. Taking this into account, the use of substances with photodynamic activity is strongly encouraged, due to its multi-target mechanism of action. These molecules act through photodynamic action, generating highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light and molecular oxygen. In this study, we evaluated the photodynamic activity of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, found in turmeric Curcuma longa L. against Rockefeller strains (simulated field trials) and field populations of Aedes aegypti. The photolarvicidal action of curcumin was investigated in the presence of two sugars: sucrose and D-mannitol. The characterization of the molecular alterations involved in the activity of these compounds on Aedes aegypti was performed by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the acute toxicity of curcumin in sugars was verified using the microcrustacean Daphnia magna and the fish Danio rerio, as well as the generation of ROS in these organisms. The biological effects of curcumin on Aedes aegypti were characterized by oxidative stress biomarkers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT). This study also aimed to analyze and characterize the morphological changes caused by curcumin in the larval digestive tract by histological analysis. Additionally, microbiological water quality studies of curcumin-treated reservoirs with sucrose and D-mannitol were conducted to evaluate the impact of these formulations on the micro-environment. The results of this study showed the high photo-larvicidal potential of curcumin on Rockefeller strains in a simulated field. The LC50-24h values ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 mg.L-1, which are lower than other natural plant extracts. The analysis of the molecular mechanisms via Raman spectroscopy showed that curcumin in D-mannitol is highly permeable to the peritrophic membrane of the insect, causing irreversible damage to the simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tube. Both formulations of curcumin did not presented toxicity in D. magna and D. rerio up to 100 mg.L-1. ROS were generated in D. magna exposed to 50 mg.L-1 of curcumin in D-mannitol, and may be a consequence of detoxification processes or even the mechanism of action of these molecules. Regarding the biochemical response in Aedes aegypti, curcumin in D-mannitol did not alter CAT activity at any of the concentrations tested. On the other hand, GSH overproduction occurred at the lowest concentration (0.45 mg.L-1), indicating detoxification efforts due to possible ROS generation. In the histological analysis of the larvae submitted to curcumin in D-mannitol, we observed a great cellular disorganization in all the regions of the alimentary canal, that completely lost its characteristic of columnar epithelium. The curcumin in sucrose also caused serious damage to the midgut, however these changes were more punctual. Finally, studies on Rockefeller strains and field populations validated the efficacy of curcumin as a photo-larvicide against Aedes aegypti, evincing its high potential as an environmentally safe, economically feasible and rational alternative for the control of vector larvae.
Atenção Pré-Natal: percepções de adolescentes que pariram prematuramente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-23)
Marques, Tatiane Montelatto
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Wernet, Monika
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900677052600832
Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy, given its repercussions on health and life, has been taken as a challenge to Public Health. One of the axes of attention is the reception of adolescents and their families in health practices. Therefore, this study turned to prenatal care under the question “How did the adolescent who gave birth prematurely perceived prenatal care received?” Objective: To analyze the perception of adolescents who gave birth prematurely about prenatal care received at public network, with attention to the nurse's place. Method: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection was developed, so that this study brought the results from the interview with 11 adolescent women, mothers of premature mothers. The open interview was used to produce the data from the initial placement: Tell me about your prenatal care and what he represented to you. All interviews were recorded in audio and underwent the analytical processes of Content Analysis (AC) and Symbolic Interactionism (IS) in the thematic modality in Bardin's proposition. Results: The results brought the perception of 11 adolescent women through four thematic categories: Discovery of pregnancy and early prenatal times, Insufficient attention in prenatal care, Dismissal of family members in childbirth and birth and Welcoming of family and friends, where (5) of them started prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy, (4) had 6 prenatal consultations and (2) started prenatal care late in the second trimester of pregnancy, which is not recommended by the Ministry of Health. and the Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program (PHPN) which may result in a lack of information such as the partner's right to follow up on prenatal consultations and the benefits of prenatal care. The analyzes revealed barriers to dialogue between adolescents and professionals during prenatal consultations, an essential factor for humanization and comprehensiveness. Conclusion: While discussions we can point out that prenatal care mainly, when this is the adolescent issue, there are gaps in the quality of care provided, both in reception, dialogue and rights due to lack of information. Further explorations that add to this study are necessary to densify evidence that composes the challenges of prenatal care for adolescents in the Brazilian context.
Produção de proteína recombinante a de superfície de pneumococo em escherichia coli: análise econômica e influência da plataforma de expressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-24)
Cardoso, Valdemir Moretto
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3531783325262501
Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases represent a widespread public health. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), which is recognized as one of the main virulence factors of this bacterium, has gained relevance in coverage and protection when used as part of conjugated vaccines or antigenic subunits. To a large scale offer, PspA may be produced by Gram-negative bacteria genetically modified as Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, E. coli strains, which are commonly used as expression platforms of recombinant proteins, produce lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an endotoxin that can cause adverse reactions whether it is present in vaccine compositions. This fact may demand additional steps during protein purification and contribute to increase process cost of this vaccine production. In 2013, a new E. coli BL21(DE3) strain (ClearColi®) has been commercially available. This strain synthesizes a genetically modified LPS, which is endotoxin-free. However, PspA production in such organisms has not been assessed yet and the impact of different strategies of cultivation and economical process implications are not known. Then, the present work had as objective to evaluate PspA4Pro process production using ClearColi® and conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) cells harboring the plasmid pET37b(+)/pspA4Pro as expression platforms to PspA4Pro, an untagged fragment of PspA with immunogenic potential. The best conditions of temperature, induction and complex medium composition evidenced in shaker flasks were evaluated in bioreactor during batch and fed-batch modes in order to intensify PspA4Pro production. Bioreactor cultivations using defined medium were performed for comparisons. Studies involving conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) focused mainly on evaluating an ordinary extract from soy supplement for human consumption as alternative nitrogen source in shaker and bioreactor (31 °C, autoinduction with lactose) assays. In order to assess the impact of different process conditions on component, energy and gases expenses, it was developed and applied an economic analysis from 9 bioreactors cultivations using conventional E. coli (in which were compared defined and complex media, lactose and IPTG as inducers and temperatures from 27 to 37 °C) and cultivations using ClearColi® (five) in different media, IPTG concentrations and operation modes (batch and fed-batch). Into the studied conditions, the economic results demonstrated that PspA4Pro production in simple batches may be more cost-effective than fed-batches, despite the latter have presented higher recombinant protein titers and productivities. Economic results based on conventional cell experiments showed that using IPTG as inducer in a higher scale was more viable, while lower costs were obtained in cultivations at 32 °C using defined medium, even though peptone (or alternative nitrogen sources) prices below US$ 30.00/kg turn the complex medium the best choice. Although PspA-biomass bioreactor yield using ClearColi® (173±21 mgPspA/gDCM at 32 °C with complex medium and induced by IPTG 0.70 mM) was the same order of the best values as conventional cultivations, the ClearColi® protein direct costs were the highest ones under similar production strategies. Endotoxin-free E. coli strain is scalable and promising as an expression platform of recombinant proteins.
Tecnologias na atenção primária à saúde: a atuação de enfermeiras na perspectiva do empoderamento social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-25)
Ordoñez, Lina Karina Bernal
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Arantes, Cássia Irene Spinelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4246837549578145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3204211395230599
This thesis has as a general objective to analyze the work process of nurses in Primary Health Care (PHC) in the development of technologies for the empowerment of users and health teams. It is a qualitative and exploratory research, in a case study modality, carried out with nurses from a small municipality in the state of São Paulo. To produce two empirical data, the following strategies were used: semi-structured interview, systematic observation and field diary recording. Was conducted 09 interviews, one with a nurse responsible for the coordination of the PHC of the municipality and 08 with nurses from family health units. Systematic observation of the work process of three nurses selected from the interviews was carried out. The information obtained from the observation was recorded in the field diary and completed the production of two research data. The given forums are analyzed in light of two principles of Social Empowerment anchored in liberating education and concepts related to the organization of the Process of Work in Health. To characterize the work process of PHC nurses, it was used as a tool for the construction of an analyzing flowchart. For general analysis, two data were used as reference for content analysis, in thematic modality. The results show a superficiality in the understanding of empowerment by nurses, instead of conceiving empowerment as giving voice to the PHC team and users. The flowcharts will allow a description of the activities carried out by nurses in PHC and will show the dynamics of the work process and differences in the productive process of each nurse: one in which live work is predominant and others in which dead work prevails. An analysis of the content of its origin in three categories: technologies with potential for the empowerment of users; technology with the potential for the empowerment of the health team and technology with the potential for the empowerment of nurses. The results showed the possibility of using various technologies with potential for social empowerment in PHC, even if their realization is conditioned by political and social determinants.
Histórias da terapia ocupacional na América Latina: processos de criação dos primeiros programas de formação profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-25)
Monzeli, Gustavo Artur
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0110941841939417
The thesis formulated here is based on questions about the reasons for the emergence or implantation of occupational therapy in Latin America and how the stories involving such processes are reduced to the reproduction of the history of the United States of America as if their reasons and contexts had been the same. The assumption that guided us was the search for the specific reasons in the different countries of the continent, in the Latin American. The general objective was to investigate the historical processes of creation of the first educational program in occupational therapy in each of the 14 countries that are members of the Latin American Confederation of Occupational Therapists. For this, the data presented here and discussed were constructed in four main stages: 1) design of the countries participating in the research; 2) identification of the participants, with the use of questionnaires and interviews; 3) search of historical records and scientific productions on the history of occupational therapy in each country; 4) analysis of the data produced by the questionnaires, interviews and historical records. The results of this thesis are evident in the discussion of historical pathways, from the creation of occupational therapy in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, to the analysis of the main historical antecedents that provided the creation of the first professional training programs in Latin America countries from the 1950s onwards. The data analysis was proposed in eight dimensions: 1) the replication of educational programs models influenced by rehabilitation prospects of the Northern countries; 2) the formation of programs subordinated to medical logic; 3) the public for the educational programs composed mainly of women from urban elites to carry out social and humanitarian aid work; 4) the influence of World Federation of Occupational Therapy in determining guidelines for the curricula of new training programs; 5) international cooperation projects for the development of Latin America, mainly carried out by international organizations such as the UN, WHO, PAHO and ILO, which have contributed to the creation of standardized responses to the demands of rehabilitation; 6) regional cooperation, also mediated by international cooperation agencies, offering assistance for the graduation of professionals from other Latin American countries; 7) the professors of these first programs are, besides medics and occupational therapists from other countries, newly graduated occupational therapists, almost always from the training programs themselves; 8) the relation between the creation of the first educational programs and the political, economic and social situation in each country, which in some cases causes educational programs to to be boosted or receives little investment, mainly by the interest of States in developing, or not, strategies of care for the subjects and groups, in general, non-priority. The main conclusions allow us to point to the analysis of occupational therapy, at least in the scope of educational programs, as a product of the articulation between nation-states, by the logic of capital articulated to Coloniality.
Sacarificação e isomerização simultâneas de dextrina na produção de xarope de frutose por ação sinérgica de CLEAs magnéticos de amiloglicosidase e Sweetzyme®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-25)
Fonseca, Murilo Amaral
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2679414675992573
High fructose syrup is a sweetener widely used as a substitute for sucrose by the food and beverage industry. It has many advantages such as relative sweetness superior to sucrose, high solubility, crystallization resistance and humectant action. Its current industrial production is by enzymatic route basically occurring in three processes: liquefaction, saccharification and isomerization, by the action of the enzymes α-amylase, amyloglucosidase (AMG) and glucose isomerase (GI), respectively. Due to the fact that these enzymes are conducted under different conditions, all three processes are sequential, requiring time, equipment, and reagents for pH adjustment. Moreover, the enzymes α-amylase and amyloglucosidase are applied in a soluble form, limiting their use to batch operations. Due to its considerable industrial interest, glucose isomerase is marketed in its immobilized form. In the search for alternatives to increase productivity and efficiency of processes with lower operating costs, the aim of this research is to study the application of a simultaneous saccharification and isomerization process that could be operated repeatedly, reusing the biocatalysts employed. In order to develop this simultaneous multi-enzymatic process, initially it would be necessary to immobilize the AMG in order to make it insoluble and operationally more stable. The preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) is a simple, cost-effective and carrier-free technique capable of generating insoluble biocatalysts with high volumetric activity and improved stability. Its preparation consists of enzyme aggregation by precipitation and its subsequent cross-linking with a bifunctional agent. In this study, the CLEAs of AMG were prepared co-aggregated in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and/or starch, with aminated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), in order to improve the properties of the catalyst. The CLEAs prepared only with MNPs at different glutaraldehyde concentrations yielded a recovered activity of around 20%. The addition of starch or PEI increased the recovered activity around twofold (40%). Moreover, under the same conditions, AMG co-aggregated with BSA was also synthesized, yielding CLEAs with very similar recovered activity. Both CLEAs (co-aggregated with MNPs or BSA) were four times more stable than the soluble enzyme. These CLEAs were also evaluated in the hydrolysis of starch at 35% (w/v), achieving more than 95% starch-to-glucose conversion measured as Dextrose Equivalent (DE). Besides, both CLEAs could be reused for five cycles maintaining a DE of around 90%. Although both CLEAs had good properties, magnetic CLEAs could be more attractive because of their easy separation by an external magnetic field. Having the immobilized biocatalysts (AMG CLEA and GI) it was possible to work in a wider operational window, allowing the application of a factorial design with a central composite rotatable design, which was able to define an optimum pH and process temperature condition, as well as the best relation between the two enzymes. Simultaneous saccharification and isomerization from a dextrin solution 35% (w/v) reached a DE above 95%, with conversion yields around 48% of fructose at the end of 30 h of reaction. In addition, the catalysts could be reused for six consecutive cycles, maintaining conversion yields around 47% of fructose without loss of activity and with easy recovery of the biocatalysts. Furthermore, because they are of different natures (magnetic CLEA of amyloglucosidase and pellets of GI), if there is any inactivation of one of the biocatalysts, they could be easily separated and recharged individually.
Perovskitas óxidas para aplicação eletroquímica e fotovoltaica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-26)
Dias, Jeferson Almeida
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8402138016291171
This work aimed to investigate the production of lanthanum perovskites LaCoO3 and LaFeO3 in the form of thin films and to evaluate their use as catalysts for water splitting as well as absorbers for photovoltaic devices. That is, focusing on renewable energy. For such, the conventional polymeric precursor method was applied in the deposition of films, being improved with different polymer modifiers (amphiphilic copolymer Pluronic P123 and polyethylene glycol) – aiming to produce oxide films with greater homogeneity and enhanced morphological properties. Particularly, the combination of the polymeric precursor method and the amphiphilic copolymer Pluronic P123 is new in the literature for thin films deposition and is the greatest novelty of this work. Results demonstrated that the traditional polymeric precursor method was efficient in perovskite production with promising electrocatalytic activity. However, the produced films lacked homogeneity. On the other hand, the amphiphilic copolymer and resin combination allowed more effective spreading over the substrate. Therefore, films that are much more homogeneous, reproducible and with lower level of defects were obtained. The polyethylene glycol altered film rugosity, enhancing its catalytic activity. The photovoltaic devices built, in specific configurations, proved to be photosensitive – confirming the potentiality of the studied oxide perovskites for optoelectronic applications. Hence, results indicated that the lanthanum-based oxide perovskites are favorable for these applications and can be produced quite simply in the form of thin films using deposition strategies by solution improved in this study.
Integração entre normas de gestão da qualidade em uma empresa fornecedora da cadeia nuclear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-26)
Campos, Renato Augusto
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Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9250214706491925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0916306980831101
Nuclear supplier organizations, due to regulatory requirements, pioneered the implementation of quality assurance programs in Brazil. CNEN NN 1.16 is a national standardization standard aimed at determining the requirements in the establishment and implementation of quality assurance systems in nuclear installations. On the other hand, ISO 9001: 2015 is the main ISO 9000 family standard, has quality management system requirements and aims for certification. In June 2018, ISO 19443 was published, which applies the principles of ISO 9001, combining best quality practices with specific requirements of the nuclear industry. Considering the advantages of integrating management systems, this research aims to analyze the benefits and difficulties in integrating CNEN-NN-1.16 and ISO 9001:15 standards in a nuclear chain supplier company. It is also a research objective to analyze which benefits that ISO 19443 can bring to this integrated system. The research, exploratory and qualitative in nature, used as a method of procedure the case study. Data collection was done through interviews, document analysis and participant observation. Among the results, it is noted that CNEN-NN-1.16 was published in 1999 and underwent a review in 2000, so the research demonstrates that a new revision is necessary, based on the requirements of NBR ISO 9001: 2015 and ISO 19443, such as: risk management, stakeholder management, organizational context. By critically analyzing these requirements, their potential contribution to CNEN-NN-1.16 is believed. In the organization studied, it was found that the integrated use of standards can bring benefits, however, during the implementation of NBR ISO 9001:15 and CNEN-NN-1.16, problems related to lack of training, level of worker commitment were noticed and resistance to change. These problems diminished and tended to die out as the system matured.
Modo reprodutivo de acessos de Paspalum spp. (grupo informal Plicatula) e busca de marcadores moleculares associados a apomixia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-26)
Gonçalves, Tiago Maretti
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Vigna, Bianca Baccili Zanotto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1663784979286725
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Fávero, Alessandra Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329892306148506
Belonging to the grass family, the genus Paspalum has more than 350 species, many of them with great forage potential or for use as vegetation. The Paspalum Germplasm Bank (GB) of Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste enables research with the genus and currently has about 450 accessions of 50 species, most of them belonging to the Plicatula group. Many of the Paspalum accessions of this group are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) and of apomitic behavior, and sexual genotypes are rare. Identifying only accessions with apomitic reproduction mode in a collection limits the breeding program because there is no possibility of hybridization. To circumvent this situation, diploid and sexual genotypes must be polyploidized for use in intra and interspecific crosses. Thus, reproductive characterization in Paspalum is of great importance, since it enables the identification of sexual genotypes and facilitates the choice of potential parents for genetic improvement. In this context, the objective of the present work was to reproductively characterize 137 Paspalum accessions belonging to the informal Plicatula group conserved in the Paspalum GB of Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste by the use of flow cytometry and cytoembriological analysis and search for molecular markers associated to apomixis. After analysis of the data obtained by flow cytometry, 49 accessions were considered highly apomictic, 85 were facultative apomictics and one accession (BGP 272 - P. rojasii) showed behavior compatible with the sexual reproductive mode. In addition to these results, the flow cytometry technique made it possible for the first time to characterize the reproductive mode of 12 accessions belonging to P. rhodopedum species. By cytoembriological analysis, five accessions were characterized, three sexual accessions (BGP 281 - P. lenticulare; BGP 272 - P. rojasii and BGP 380 - P. compressifolium) and two accessions (BGP 232 - P. plicatulum; BGP 178 - P. compressifolium) characterized as highly apomictic and facultative apomictic, respectively. In the molecular part, an association for apomixis was sought with the use of 1 marker p779/780, described as completely linked to apporia in B. decumbens, two RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and 19 SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) previously associated with apomixis in the genus Paspalum and, based on the Bulk Segregant Analysis methodology, 51 nuclear microsatellite markers were genotyped, totaling 73 molecular markers evaluated in P. compressifolium and P. lenticulare sexual and apomitic accessions. For SCAR markers, accessions belonging to P. rojasii were also included. A large polymorphism occurred between the samples, but no link was observed between the apomixis characteristic and the molecular markers evaluated. The present study shows a greater reproductive genetic variation among the characterized accessions, there was a correspondence between the ploidy level and the reproduction mode, as expected, and none of the genotyped molecular markers were linked to apospory in the evaluated germplasm. Thus, this study presented important results that could be applied to the selection of parents in Paspalum breeding programs.
Atividades de modelagem matemática com equações de diferenças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-26)
Lima, Antonio Augusto de
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Salvador, José Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5709334677028791
Teaching math subject in basic education is a big challenge. Once the teacher is successful, the great value to be cultivated is to present students with meaningful content. Nowadays, in many cases, teaching of mathematics is restricted to “learning by heart”, and in this sense we propose a work based on the autonomy to manage their own learning in Modeling Activities. The approach among the school contents and the valorization of the contextualization, connected to the great importance of the use of the computer room was our starting point. In this perspective, mathematical modeling is a mechanism that can be easily associated with some content that makes up the curriculum of the discipline in order to improve the teaching-learning process. Thus, in this work, a discussion is implemented about how mathematical modeling can be worked in line with the study of the difference equations, with the aim of bringing formal mathematics closer to everyday mathematics and, futhermore, bringing the student closer to their reality.To this end, a thorough bibliographic research was carried out in collections of renowned authors in the area of Mathematical Modeling, Functions and Mathematics Teaching-Learning, which enabled the formation of a consistent theoretical foundation for the development of this research, as well as intervention in a class. High School in an elective subject offered by the researcher in a Full Time School. Finally, it was verified the significance of the mathematical modeling approach associated with the contents of the High School curriculum, especially the content of difference equations, and at a given moment, by curiosity of the students, the quadratic function, in the condition of mechanisms. mathematicians capable of developing unique skills in students such as abstraction and logical reasoning.
Proposição de modelos de classificação e de calibração para polímeros presentes em resíduos eletrônicos empregando laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) e ferramentas quimiométricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Costa, Vinicius Camara
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6162409795305177
This thesis proposes the development of analytical methods for the analysis of polymers from waste electrical electronic equipment (WEEE) by laser-Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The results presented in the chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis were developed in collaboration with a recycling company of WEEE called REVERSA. In the first method proposed LIBS was used for the identification and classification of six polymers and a total of 477 samples were analyzed. Classification models using k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used to classify the polymers. The proposed models presented satisfactory results for the validation samples, with accuracy of 98% for KNN and 92% for SIMCA. In addition, other validation parameters such as sensitivity, false alarm rate and specificity showed adequate. In the second method, the LIBS was employed to determination of the constituents polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in PC/ABS blends. For this were built multivariate calibration models using partial least squares (PLS). The PLS models obtained for the PC and ABS presented good analytical parameters as: i) standard error calibration (SEC) of 3.4 (w/w%); (ii) standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 5.6 (w/w%); iii) linear correlation coefficient of 0.996; iv) number of latent variables equal to 2; v) explained variance of 70%. For the validation of the PLS models PC/ABS blends with unknown concentrations of PC and ABS were analyzed, and the information provided by LIBS was in agreement with the reference technique. A third method was developed in collaboration with a plastics recycling company of car batteries. These plastics were contaminated with Pb and the objective was to evaluate different calibration strategies in LIBS for the quantitative determination of this analyte. Multivariate calibration strategies and a new univariate strategy were proposed. The new univariate calibration strategy was called a two-point calibration transfer and the results presented were satisfactory. The chemometrics tools including experimental desing, supervised methods for classification, unsupervised methods and multivariate calibration were employed during the development of the methods proposed in this thesis.
Taxonomia, ecologia e distribuição espacial de rotifera no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Ribeiro, Tainá Alves
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5531769361645809
Rotifers inhabit a variety of aquatic habitats. It is thought that the success of this group is largely due to their small size, short life cycle, ang high richness of species, being these aspects largely responsible for the species richness of zooplankton communities in freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taxonomic composition of rotifer communities in different types of freshwaters of São Paulo state, distributed in 22 Management unities of water resources (UGHRI). Zooplankton communities of 283 water bodies were sampled by horizontal net hauls. In situ measurements of pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and O2 concentrations were performed and water samples were simultaneously taken for laboratory measurements of chlorophyll a concentration. Based on chlorophyll concentration values, the trophic state index (TSI) was calculated and water bodies were then classified in one of six categories regarding their trophic degree. A total of 113 species of Rotifera, belonging to 20 different families were recorded. Families with highest species richness were Lecanidae, Brachionidae and Trichocercidae, following a pattern already described for tropical region rotifer communities. The species with highest frequency of occurrence were Lecane bulla, ocurring on 70% of all water bodies sampled and Lecane leontina, with 35,9%. There was a significant linear relationship between the number of water bodies sampled in each management unity and their rotifer species richness. It was also verified a low positive correlation, but statistically significant between species richness and the trophic state of the water bodies. There were evidences that the spatial distribution pattern observed for rotifers was influenced mainly by physical and chemical characteristics and trophic state of the water bodies. There are indicatives that differently from the pattern frequently observed for microorganisms, the distribution of most species can be restricted more by tolerance limits regarding environmental variables than by their dispersal capacity.
Detecção de novidade em fluxos contínuos de dados multirrótulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Costa Júnior, Joel David
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Cerri, Ricardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5293958366030922
Multi-label Stream Classification (MLSC) aims at classifying streaming examples into multiple classes simultaneously. It is a very challenging task, since new classes may emerge (concept evolution), and known classes may change over the stream (concept drift. Most of classifier methods deal with the aforementioned characteristics updating their models when actuals labels of examples become available, it is a very optimistic scenario though, since for many data streams application these labels are never available, hence is unfeasible to update models in a supervised fashion. This is known as infinitely delayed labels problems and a task that has been stood out for dealing with it, is the Novelty Detection (ND). ND aims at detecting new patterns in arriving streaming examples that, in some aspect, might differ from the previously observed patterns and then used for updating the decision models. Despite different ND procedures have been proposed in the literature, it is still an open problem for MLSC. In this work we proposed two new methods: the MultI-label learNing Algorithm for data Streams with Label Combination-based methods (MINAS-LC) which applies ND to deal exclusively with concept drifts and the MultIlabel learNing Algorithm for data Streams with Binary Relevance transformation (MINAS-BR) which applies ND to deal with both concept drifts and concept evolution either. The methods address problem transformation techniques to deal with multi-labelled data at the offline phase and build micro-clusters based decision models. At the online phase the arrival examples are classified or rejected (labelled as unknown) by the current decision models. Rejected examples are used in ND phase to shape new micro-clusters, maintaining the decision models updated. The ND phase is run from time to time to work around concept drifts and concept evolution. Experiments over synthetic and real-world data sets with different degrees of concept drift and concept evolution attested the potential of MINAS-BR and MINAS-LC, in which have obtained significant results when compared to baseline methods.
Princípios e fundamentos teóricos da catalogação descritiva e a proposta do Resource Description and Access (RDA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Machado, Raildo de Sousa
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Zafalon, Zaira Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584935790390793
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9586215965015886
Cataloging codes are the subject of research, and Resource Description and Access (RDA) is their object of study. In the course of the research, it is questioned about the relation of the principles and fundamentals of cataloging with the proposal of the RDA. To this end, the general objective seeks to discuss the RDA proposal in the light of the principles and foundations of descriptive cataloging. The specific objectives have [1] map scientific discussions about the RDA; [2] analyze the founding theorists of cataloging, its principles and foundations; [3] present the history of cataloging codes and treaties; [4] present the basic conceptual models of contemporary cataloging; [5] analyze the RDA, its principles and objectives; [6] present the theoretical and practical movement from the publication of the RDA, which objectives will lead to understand the past, present and future of the RDA and how it appropriates the principles and foundations of descriptive cataloging. The applied research adopts a qualitative approach, making use of systematic literature mapping as part of the bibliographic and documentary procedures to achieve the exploratory and descriptive objectives. Academically, it is intended to contribute to discussions about the essence of the RDA, by expanding the possibilities of studies and familiarity with the objectives, principles, functions and application of the RDA standard. This research is justified in the context of Information Science because it is the organization and representation of information and, in the scientific contribution, brings trends on the subject as a result of the literature mapping.
Cônicas: uma prática escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-30)
Puppin, Maurício
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Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7328458570509096
Based on the protagonism of the learner, this work aims to assist the teacher of mathematics of High School, in the teaching of Analytical Geometry, with a practical approach to facilitate the student's understanding of Conics, with emphasis on ellipse. By the use of free software Geogebra, the student can observe the translation of the curve in the plane and identify in its equation, the differences between the positions: horizontal and vertical, making learning dynamic and more effective.