Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-07-29"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 11732

Proposição de modelos de classificação e de calibração para polímeros presentes em resíduos eletrônicos empregando laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) e ferramentas quimiométricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Costa, Vinicius Camara
;
Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6162409795305177
This thesis proposes the development of analytical methods for the analysis of polymers from waste electrical electronic equipment (WEEE) by laser-Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The results presented in the chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis were developed in collaboration with a recycling company of WEEE called REVERSA. In the first method proposed LIBS was used for the identification and classification of six polymers and a total of 477 samples were analyzed. Classification models using k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used to classify the polymers. The proposed models presented satisfactory results for the validation samples, with accuracy of 98% for KNN and 92% for SIMCA. In addition, other validation parameters such as sensitivity, false alarm rate and specificity showed adequate. In the second method, the LIBS was employed to determination of the constituents polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in PC/ABS blends. For this were built multivariate calibration models using partial least squares (PLS). The PLS models obtained for the PC and ABS presented good analytical parameters as: i) standard error calibration (SEC) of 3.4 (w/w%); (ii) standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 5.6 (w/w%); iii) linear correlation coefficient of 0.996; iv) number of latent variables equal to 2; v) explained variance of 70%. For the validation of the PLS models PC/ABS blends with unknown concentrations of PC and ABS were analyzed, and the information provided by LIBS was in agreement with the reference technique. A third method was developed in collaboration with a plastics recycling company of car batteries. These plastics were contaminated with Pb and the objective was to evaluate different calibration strategies in LIBS for the quantitative determination of this analyte. Multivariate calibration strategies and a new univariate strategy were proposed. The new univariate calibration strategy was called a two-point calibration transfer and the results presented were satisfactory. The chemometrics tools including experimental desing, supervised methods for classification, unsupervised methods and multivariate calibration were employed during the development of the methods proposed in this thesis.
Taxonomia, ecologia e distribuição espacial de rotifera no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Ribeiro, Tainá Alves
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5531769361645809
Rotifers inhabit a variety of aquatic habitats. It is thought that the success of this group is largely due to their small size, short life cycle, ang high richness of species, being these aspects largely responsible for the species richness of zooplankton communities in freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taxonomic composition of rotifer communities in different types of freshwaters of São Paulo state, distributed in 22 Management unities of water resources (UGHRI). Zooplankton communities of 283 water bodies were sampled by horizontal net hauls. In situ measurements of pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and O2 concentrations were performed and water samples were simultaneously taken for laboratory measurements of chlorophyll a concentration. Based on chlorophyll concentration values, the trophic state index (TSI) was calculated and water bodies were then classified in one of six categories regarding their trophic degree. A total of 113 species of Rotifera, belonging to 20 different families were recorded. Families with highest species richness were Lecanidae, Brachionidae and Trichocercidae, following a pattern already described for tropical region rotifer communities. The species with highest frequency of occurrence were Lecane bulla, ocurring on 70% of all water bodies sampled and Lecane leontina, with 35,9%. There was a significant linear relationship between the number of water bodies sampled in each management unity and their rotifer species richness. It was also verified a low positive correlation, but statistically significant between species richness and the trophic state of the water bodies. There were evidences that the spatial distribution pattern observed for rotifers was influenced mainly by physical and chemical characteristics and trophic state of the water bodies. There are indicatives that differently from the pattern frequently observed for microorganisms, the distribution of most species can be restricted more by tolerance limits regarding environmental variables than by their dispersal capacity.
Detecção de novidade em fluxos contínuos de dados multirrótulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Costa Júnior, Joel David
;
Cerri, Ricardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5293958366030922
Multi-label Stream Classification (MLSC) aims at classifying streaming examples into multiple classes simultaneously. It is a very challenging task, since new classes may emerge (concept evolution), and known classes may change over the stream (concept drift. Most of classifier methods deal with the aforementioned characteristics updating their models when actuals labels of examples become available, it is a very optimistic scenario though, since for many data streams application these labels are never available, hence is unfeasible to update models in a supervised fashion. This is known as infinitely delayed labels problems and a task that has been stood out for dealing with it, is the Novelty Detection (ND). ND aims at detecting new patterns in arriving streaming examples that, in some aspect, might differ from the previously observed patterns and then used for updating the decision models. Despite different ND procedures have been proposed in the literature, it is still an open problem for MLSC. In this work we proposed two new methods: the MultI-label learNing Algorithm for data Streams with Label Combination-based methods (MINAS-LC) which applies ND to deal exclusively with concept drifts and the MultIlabel learNing Algorithm for data Streams with Binary Relevance transformation (MINAS-BR) which applies ND to deal with both concept drifts and concept evolution either. The methods address problem transformation techniques to deal with multi-labelled data at the offline phase and build micro-clusters based decision models. At the online phase the arrival examples are classified or rejected (labelled as unknown) by the current decision models. Rejected examples are used in ND phase to shape new micro-clusters, maintaining the decision models updated. The ND phase is run from time to time to work around concept drifts and concept evolution. Experiments over synthetic and real-world data sets with different degrees of concept drift and concept evolution attested the potential of MINAS-BR and MINAS-LC, in which have obtained significant results when compared to baseline methods.
Princípios e fundamentos teóricos da catalogação descritiva e a proposta do Resource Description and Access (RDA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-29)
Machado, Raildo de Sousa
;
Zafalon, Zaira Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584935790390793
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9586215965015886
Cataloging codes are the subject of research, and Resource Description and Access (RDA) is their object of study. In the course of the research, it is questioned about the relation of the principles and fundamentals of cataloging with the proposal of the RDA. To this end, the general objective seeks to discuss the RDA proposal in the light of the principles and foundations of descriptive cataloging. The specific objectives have [1] map scientific discussions about the RDA; [2] analyze the founding theorists of cataloging, its principles and foundations; [3] present the history of cataloging codes and treaties; [4] present the basic conceptual models of contemporary cataloging; [5] analyze the RDA, its principles and objectives; [6] present the theoretical and practical movement from the publication of the RDA, which objectives will lead to understand the past, present and future of the RDA and how it appropriates the principles and foundations of descriptive cataloging. The applied research adopts a qualitative approach, making use of systematic literature mapping as part of the bibliographic and documentary procedures to achieve the exploratory and descriptive objectives. Academically, it is intended to contribute to discussions about the essence of the RDA, by expanding the possibilities of studies and familiarity with the objectives, principles, functions and application of the RDA standard. This research is justified in the context of Information Science because it is the organization and representation of information and, in the scientific contribution, brings trends on the subject as a result of the literature mapping.
Cônicas: uma prática escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-30)
Puppin, Maurício
;
Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7328458570509096
Based on the protagonism of the learner, this work aims to assist the teacher of mathematics of High School, in the teaching of Analytical Geometry, with a practical approach to facilitate the student's understanding of Conics, with emphasis on ellipse. By the use of free software Geogebra, the student can observe the translation of the curve in the plane and identify in its equation, the differences between the positions: horizontal and vertical, making learning dynamic and more effective.
Desenvolvimento de membranas poliméricas para sistemas de remediação de íons metálicos pesados em soluções aquosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-30)
Bosquetti, João César
;
Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1261532663035588
The planet Earth is flooded with about 1.4 billion km3 of water, meaning that almost 71% of its surface is covered by water. However, only about 0.77% of this volume is accessible in the form of fresh water presented in rivers, lakes, groundwater and the atmosphere. Meanwhile of this small amount, about 12.8% have been contaminated or poorly used by man. This contamination is usually caused by percolation, whether of spot or diffuse, such as accidents in reservoir tanks, discharge of sewage sludge, improper use of fertilizers and sanitary waste, as well as accumulation of waste on riverbanks, has been increasing in last years. Contamination of water by heavy metals is perhaps the most worrying of contaminations, since they are highly toxic, cumulative and difficult to mitigate. In this sense, considering the amount of residues generated in the Laboratory of Teaching of Inorganic Chemistry, contaminated with heavy metals of high toxicity, it was thought of a way to reduce the amount of ions of some metals, especially lead (Pb), cádmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg), employing low cost and easy to obtain polymer membranes to minimize the amount of waste sent to the Department of Waste Management (DeGR) of the Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar. The aim is to minimize these ions present in the solutions, bringing the possibility of reuse of previously contaminated water or to discard it in the common domestic sewage, depending on the efficiency generated by the adsorption yield of these membranes in removing these inconvenient ions from the aqueous solution of discard. Basically, high density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes were modified with polyethylene with maleic anhydride (PE-g-AM), loaded with sodium aluminate and incorporated with aluminum phosphate (AlPO4). Membranes were synthesized whose proportions of these materials were varied with the purpose of verifying which of them would give the best yield. In this aspect, it was observed that all the membranes and blends synthesized showed heterogeneity in their constitution, resulting in regions with higher and lower yield in the same membrane. However, the blends loaded and incorporated with aluminum phosphates had a slightly higher adsorption efficiency compared to ions dispersed in the solution.
Mechanical properties and metallurgical characterization of AA6082-T6 alloy welded by refill friction stir spot welding
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-30)
Silva, Bruno Hessel
;
Zepon, Guilherme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
;
Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
The efforts to produce automobiles with intense use of aluminum alloys is growing and the 6XXX series of aluminum alloys are important for this scenario. However, the current joining technologies applied in these alloys present limitations regarding weld uniformity, energy input and production costs. Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) is a solid-state welding technique with potential to surpass these limitations. In order to validate this technique in automotive applications, issues must be addressed such as obtaining mechanical properties standards; determining the effect of process parameters on weld structure and properties; optimizing cost-efficiency factors and others. In this work the application of RFSSW in the AA6082-T6 alloy was studied focusing on: (i) the effect of process parameters on weld structure and mechanical properties; (ii) understanding of fracture behavior of the welds under static and cyclic load; and (iii) the influence of Bake Hardening treatment on the weld structure and properties. Optimized process parameters set with suitable welding time for industry applications were obtained using statistical analysis maximizing static mechanical properties. Macro/microstructural analysis were carried out and demonstrated that the Plunge Depth parameter has the most relevant influence on weld strength and fracture behavior due to its effect in hook shape formation, which is an intrinsic feature in RFSSW welds. Hardness and thermal characterization helped to understand the effect of Bake Hardening on reprecipitation and overaging process in different weld regions and, consequently, on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the welds. Using Weibull Statistical analysis, L-N fatigue curves were obtained and demonstrated that, regardless the hook shape, the curves presented similar trend and fatigue limit close to 12% of the maximum Shear Load. Finally, based on fatigue fracture surface characterization, it was found that the hook shape configuration has a relevant effect on fracture behavior only for low-cycle load conditions.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for problems involving the Dirac operator
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-30)
Somavilla, Fernanda
;
Miyagaki, Olimpio Hiroshi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2646698407526867
;
Paiva, Francisco Odair Vieira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2889322093175193
In this thesis, we study equations that involving the Dirac operator and which have the form $-i \alpha \cdot \nabla u + a \beta u + M(x)u = F_{u}(x,u), em \mathbb{R}^{3},$ where $\alpha = (\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3),$ with $\alpha_{j}$ and $\beta$ are complex matrices 4x4, j = 1, 2, 3 and a>0.Using variational methods and elements from critical point theory for strongly indefinite problems we obtain existence and multiplicity results of solutions $u:R^{3} \rightarrow C^{4}$ under different sets of hypothesis about the potential M and the nonlinearity F: Firstly, we consider a problem with nonperiodic potential and concave-convex type nonlinearity, nonperiodic, which contain weight functions that can present signal change. Next, using the generalized Nehari manifold, we study problems in which nonlinearity satisfies weak monotonicity conditions and may relate to the potential function. Among such problems,we consider a periodic case and, due to the assumptions, in order to obtain the multiplicity results we use the Clarke's subdifferential and Krasnoselskii genus. Finally, we approach a problem with nonlinearity asymptotically linear at infinity and matrix potential. In this case, the potential is described by a sum of a non-positive suitable matrix potential and a diagonal matrix whose elements are function in some $L^{\sigma}, \sigma >1,$ which can change signal.
Proposição de modelos de regressão para previsão de propriedades de tintas da cadeia produtiva da indústria gráfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-30)
Oshiro, Eduardo Hideki
;
Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9220595873630980
Quality control of inks is very important during and after the manufacturing process and is also meaningful in the consumer industries or paint applicators. For this reason, an opportunity was noticed for the development of a method of determining the properties of a solvent based ink of the printing industry. The analytical method proposed was through the infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration. The ink used in the project is employed in the rotogravure printing process. This process is used for printing many quantities of printing materials at high speed. It is usually applied in the production of packaging and magazines. The fallowing quality control parameters: viscosity, density and solids of black and white inks were analyzed by the reference methods according ASTM standards. Prediction models for these parameters were developed through Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with attenuated total reflectance sampling accessory (FT-MID-IR ATR) and the multivariate calibration, the partial least squares regression (PLSR). Pre-treatments in the spectra (1st and 2nd derivatives with Savitzky-Golay) were tested and also the models with spectra without treatments. The best results were found according to the parameter and ink tested, for viscosity of black ink the model without treatment was used, for viscosity of white ink the 2nd derivative was used. And for density and solids, unique models were developed to be used in black and white inks, the 1st derivative was the best option in both cases. The best models and latent variables were selected through the evaluation of the root mean square errors values of calibration, validation and cross validation (RMSEC, RMSEV and RMSECV), as well as the determination coefficients (R2) obtained from predicted x reference results. The set of validation samples showed a good quality of the results, according to the p-value. Although there are many articles related to prediction of chemical physics characteristics of fuels and derivatives using infrared spectroscopy and the chemometric tool, few studies with this approach to inks have been found in the literature. The following advantages of the developed method can be highlighted: low sample volume (0.1 mL - 1 drop), rapid analysis (2 minutes) and the low waste amount.
Síntese do catalisador ácido molibdofosfórico suportado em zircônia sulfatada e magneticamente recuperável visando a valorização de compostos derivados da biomassa lignocelulósica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-31)
Marchini, Lucas
;
Paixão, Márcio Weber
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978772339322590
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-5181
The impacts associated with excessive use of energy derived from non-renewable sources transcend the discussion of possible exhaustion and are strongly aligned with the possibility of an environmental imbalance. In this way, the interest in the production of fuels from natural and renewable sources grows strongly throughout the globe. In this directenvironmentalsting paths for sustainable fuel growth and development is through the use of lignocellulosic biomass as the raw material. Lignocellulosic biomass represents a high interest due to the possibility of being converted into sugars which, in turn, proceeds through reactions catalyzed by acid - Lewis and Brønsted - to provide products such as furfural (FUR), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), alkyl levulinate, gamma-valerolactone (GVL) and derivatives thereof. These compounds are considered platforms molecules of great industrial and academic interest. Therefore, it is of great importance the research of new materials with acidic characteristics, which are able to promote these transformations.The molybdophosphoric acid (MoP) is a heteropolyacid that has associated protons, presenting high Brønsted acidity and, consequently, emerges as an interesting catalyst in the valorization of compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, a catalyst composed of molybosphoric acid supported in magnetically recoverable sulfated zirconia was synthesized, which should be characterized by techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), programmed temperature desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3), transform infrared spectroscopy of Fourier with adsorption of pyridine (FTIR-py), quantum interference superconducting device (SQUID), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high transmission electron microscopy resolution (HR-TEM). Properly characterized, they were evaluated the conversions of the compound derived from lignocellulosic biomass to alkyl levulinates. In the catalytic evaluation, it was necessary to optimize the catalyst through the influence of fundamental parameters such as temperature, catalyst mass, molar ratio between the substrate and solvent, and water influence in order to obtain the ideal conditions and the products of this reaction analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
A riqueza do élenchos: um estudo sobre a aplicação platônica da prática investigativa socrática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-31)
Quinalia Filho, Rineu
;
Souza, Eliane Christina de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5658382257368048
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1710662256211660
Proposing a presentation regarding élenchos is not an easy task. Élenchos is primarily a synonym of inspection. Everything starts with a simple question: “what is?” (ti estí;). Ti estí basically establishes the relationship between the subject who applies the question (Socrates) and the other who must defend it (almost always a renowned interlocutor). At the start, élenchos has a personal character, a play of roles between someone who asks and another person who answers with fixed guidelines. Two dialogues from Plato’s youth are explored in this thesis: Laches and Charmides. Considering that these dialogues are watched by a supposed audience, we point to an interpretation where the main interlocutors of Socrates could represent a kind of stage, a means to an end, and not the final recipient of the dynamics proposed by the Socratic inspection. The thesis will establish a metaelenctic approach pointing to the interpretation that the Socratic élenchos could be seen under the light of a two-fold orientation: the first one, which is called ‘straight’, would have a dual nature, proposing the inspection of a (famous) other; the second is the ‘oblique’, with a plural nature, aiming at the instruction of (humble) others.
Influência da taxa de resfriamento no módulo de elasticidade de ligas beta Ti e obtenção de diagramas CCT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-31)
Santos, Rafael Formenton Macedo dos
;
Munoz Chaves, Javier Andres
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1205198307049324
;
Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453
The metallic alloys used as orthopedic implants, such as the Ti-6Al-4V, present some problems of biological and mechanical compatibility. In addition, the great difference between the elastic modulus of human bone and the commercial alloys used as implants is responsible for the stress-shielding effect. In this way, the objective of this study was to obtain CCT diagrams through dilatometry of β-Ti alloys and to investigate the influence of the cooling rate by comparing the microstructure and properties (microhardness and elastic modulus) for Ti-40Nb (Ti40Nb) and Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe (TMZF) alloys. For this, besides the alloy as received, it was yield the following cooling rates: 103 oC/s for rapidly solidified (SR condition); 102 oC/s for water quenche; 5 oC/s for air cooling and 0.05 oC/s for furnace cooling. Afterwards all the samples were submitted to the microstructural characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physical property of elastic modulus E (GPa) was measured via impulse excitation technique while the mechanical property was assessed using Vickers microhardness. Finally, the thermal characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dilatometry. For the SR condition, which showed the lowest values of elastic modulus and Vickers microhardness, the presence of β-Ti (bcc) and α” (martensite) phases for both alloys and the values of modulus and elasticity and Vickers hardness, respectively, with 56 GPa and 144HV for the Ti40Nb (SR), 74GPa and 333HV for the TMZF (SR) alloy. For lowest cooling rate (furnace), the results showed the presence of β and α phases for both alloys, and values of E = 83 GPa and 302 HV for the Ti40Nb alloy and 106 GPa and 443 HV for the TMZF alloy. Based on these results, together with the results of the DSC test and dilatometry, it was possible to build real CCT diagram for both alloys.
Contribuição para a melhoria no desempenho ambiental de porcelanatos: Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) e o uso de fundentes enérgicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-01)
Contartesi, Flavia
;
Melchiades, Fábio Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4469106561041487
;
Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
Whether due to growing environmental awareness or legal and market requirements, the quest for sustainable development has leading to the need to improve processes and products. In this scenario, the general objective of the present work was to contribute to the improvement in the environmental performance of porcelain tile industries in Brazil, the third largest producer of ceramic tiles in the world, from two complementary stages. The first one, through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) bibliography of ceramic tiles developed in Brazil and in the world, aimed to identify the most critical stages of the manufacturing process and to raise peculiarities of the Brazilian reality. The results pointed to the firing stage as the main responsible for the environmental impacts and the use of the dry route as the most outstanding peculiarity of the Brazilian industry. From these results, the second stage aimed to contribute with proposals to reduce the most critical stage. In this context, it was proposed the reduction of the firing temperature, and consequently of the associated impacts, in porcelain tiles manufactured by dry route through the use of energetic fluxing agents. To try to predict the effects of the addition of fluxes on the behavior of the standard formulation during sintering the Fluegel viscosity model was used. The initial reduction target of 30 °C was reached for all fluxes used and exceeded in some. In the supply of alkaline earth oxide modifiers, the prediction was accurate, for alkaline, approximate. However, for borates the results differed considerably from those predicted by the model. The results showed a good correlation between the viscosity of the liquid phase and the firing temperature, suggesting that the formulations with the lowest firing temperature are able to densify without reaching viscosity as low as the standard.
Da luta pela terra ao reconhecimento: considerações sobre a trajetória das famílias assentadas no PDS Santa Helena e o acesso a políticas públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-01)
Khalil, Bárbara El
;
Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4923394220818843
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
A expansão do capitalismo no meio rural tem como consequência histórica o conflito entre o capital e as populações camponesas. Esse conflito se materializa, não somente, mas em grande parte, na luta pela terra e na dificuldade que as populações camponesas têm em acessar políticas públicas voltadas para um desenvolvimento rural compatível com a diversidade dos sujeitos e de suas formas de organização social presentes no rural brasileiro. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho pretende analisar a conflitualidade inerente à questão agrária brasileira a partir de um estudo de caso, a saber: o Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) Santa Helena, localizado no município de São Carlos, interior do estado de São Paulo. Nosso objetivo é reconstruir a trajetória de luta pela terra dos assentados, bem como compreender como se dá o acesso da comunidade assentada a outras políticas públicas. Nossa hipótese é a de que os agricultores do Santa Helena enfrentam dificuldades para serem reconhecidos como sujeitos que podem acessar políticas públicas, o que limita, por seu turno, a capacidade de produção e reprodução social e material desses assentados.
Modelos não lineares assimétricos com efeitos mistos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02)
Pereira, Marcos Antonio Alves
;
Russo-Novelli, Cibele Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1011098065426388
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4792032354955226
This work aims to develop asymmetric nonlinear regression models with mixed-effects, which provide alternatives to the use of normal distribution and other symmetric distributions, in order to avoid the sensitivity in the estimates to atypical observations and asymmetry. Nonlinear models with mixed-effects are explored in several areas of knowledge, especially when data are correlated, such as longitudinal data, repeated measures and multilevel data, in particular, for their flexibility in dealing with measures of areas such as biology and pharmacokinetics. However, there are difficulties in obtaining explicit estimators for the parameters in these models. At present, many studies have been developed with the family scale mixtures of skew-normal distribution (SMSN) that encompasses distributions with light and heavy tails, such as skew-normal, skew-Student-t, skew-contaminated normal and skew-slash, as well as symmetrical versions of these distributions. In this work, nonlinear regression models with mixed-effects are presented in which the random components have distributions belonging to the SMSN family. For the parameters estimation, a numerical solution via the EM algorithm and its extensions and Newton-Raphson algorithm is obtained. Analyzes for real data sets are performed with this new proposal, such as the study of drug kinetics in humans, as well as diagnostic analyzes, through residual analysis and influence diagnostics. Simulation studies are conducted to verify the maximum likelihood properties of the estimators.
Invasor (in)conveniente: o manejo de javali como política pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02)
Guillardi, Bruno Luiz
;
Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3785840214023786
This master thesis aims to demonstrate the implementation of wild boar management as a State Public Policy, especially in the state of São Paulo. Thus, we seek to explain the possible causes of the introduction and spread of wild boars (Sus scrofa) within the Brazilian territory, as well as the reasons that caused their demographic growth, a fact that has caused several economic, environmental and social damages throughout the country. Faced with this scenario, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) eventually released the management, via slaughter, as a way to try to control its proliferation. However, given the lack of resources (human and financial) of the Brazilian State, it was up to individuals and companies to take over the management of wild boars, ie, while the State would be responsible for legislation and supervision, people who wanted, for some reason. For this reason, controlling wild boars could, with proper authorization, do so. Initially, in the state of São Paulo, the person responsible for releasing and overseeing management was the State Secretariat of the Environment (SMA) through its regionalized departments. Subsequently, this changed, with IBAMA being in charge of the registration and accountability of managers, while SMA along with the police agencies would be responsible for enforcement. However, the problem lies in the changes in management laws that are being changed too much - sometimes by the state government, sometimes by the federal government -, showing that the perspectives of action of those who build the management policy, the state organs, compared to those who carry out the control, the managers are not the same. Therefore, the problem of wild boar spread may persist or even worsen. Thus, in this paper, besides just trying to demonstrate the possible beginning of the introduction of wild boars in Brazil and the probable damages caused by their proliferation, we tried to contribute with some considerations and considerations, presenting different perspectives, often conflicting, of the State legislator/inspectors and control agents, in order to better clarify the management of wild boar as a Public Policy.
Cuidado em saúde mental infantojuvenil na atenção básica à saúde: práticas, desafios e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02)
Fernandes, Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi
;
Matsukura, Thelma Simões
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7901666626822625
In recent years, a growing global investment in health guidelines has been identified, so that all professionals, especially those working in the field of Primary Health Care (ABS), have been invited to intervene in suffering. Thus, a sustainable relationship between mental health and ABS actions has been fundamental for advancing health reform proposals and psychiatric reform in Brazil, although the few studies focused on this level of care show a number of weaknesses. To this end, the objectives of this research were to: - Identify the implications of child and adolescent mental health care developed in ABS and conceptions of child and adolescent mental health from the perspective of the managers of the Health Units team of seven municipalities in the State of São Paulo; and to understand in depth the reality of mental health in ABS in order to reveal the challenges, perspectives and potentials in this level of health care. Regarding the specific objectives, we sought to identify a) the practices of care in the field of child and adolescent mental health offered by the Health Units, b) with the network and intersectoral care has been proposed and developed, c) how the access has been given of children and adolescents in psychic suffering in ABS, and d) whether the Health Unit responds to public policies for children and adolescents and mental health. This is a quantitative qualitative study based on two studies. In the first study, two forms and a questionnaire were applied with 53 managers of ABS Health Units from seven municipalities in the State of São Paulo - Brazil. Study II, is an ethnography, developed in a periphery of evident vulnerability, in one of the Health Units involved in the first Study. In this Study II, the insertion of the researcher in the field involved the observation and participation in the activities carried out by the Health Unit, the mapping and recognition of the territory attached to the Unit, as well as the dialogue with technicians, users and other actors involved with childhood and adolescence. The results of study I pointed out that the conception of most ABS professionals about child and adolescent mental health is close to the precepts present in psychosocial care, however, this understanding is not related to the recognition of children and adolescents in psychic suffering, with the care actions proposed by the services, and also in practices that involve network and intersectoral care, which is based on the specialty and referrals. The results from Study II have shown that when there is some form of care, it occurs under the perspective of health problems, being predominantly biomedical and curative, and there are no actions that aim to reach children and adolescents in psychic suffering, even in the face of the obvious demand in a territory of extreme vulnerability, marked by drug trafficking, violence, exclusion and social inequality. It is also identified in the results of Study II that, in the absence or insufficiency of the State, drug trafficking is present in the mediation and management of the daily relations of the population, including their relationship with health equipment. Moreover, much of the specificity and field of child and adolescent mental health was being re-dimensioned during the course of ethnography, as well as the role of ABS, as a territorial equipment, fundamental in the process of deinstitutionalization, and was re-signified. Beyond the limits of the current reality, the extreme need for attention to this population and also the powers in the possibilities of expansion of care in the territory have been revealed, which reaffirms the fundamental role of ABS in child-minded mental health care.
Habituação das respostas cardiovasculares ao estresse de restrição em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02)
Benini, Ricardo
;
Crestani, Carlos Cesar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3972492902132382
Habituation refers to any decrease in physiological and behavioral responsiveness to a repeated stimulus, while sensitization is a hyperresponsiveness trigger by the same stimulus or other stimuli. Although the habituation of neuroendocrine responses to stress is well described in the literature, a progressive reduction of cardiovascular responses during repeated exposure to the same aversive stimulus is still controversial. Therefore, in the present study we have tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular responses habituate during repeated exposure to restraint stress in rats, and this effect is influenced by the length, frequency and number of aversive sessions; exposure to other stressors and physical training; as well as the sex, age and lineage of the animals. The habituation of corticosterone response to repeated restraint stress was also evaluated. We observed that serum corticosterone increase was decreased during stress and the recovery period of the 10th restraint session when compared to the response during an acute session. Regarding cardiovascular responses, a faster heart rate (HR) return was observed at baseline during the post-stress period of the 10th 60-min restraint stress session in male and female adult Wistar rats, in elderly Wistar rats, and in Holztman adult rats. Daily 120-minute sessions decreased blood pressure and HR values during the recovery of the 10th session in adult Wistar rats. Adolescent Wistar rats presented a reduction in HR response during the 10th restraint session. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Long-Evans did not show any sign of habituation of cardiovascular responses to restraint stress. Regarding the frequency, tachycardia during the 10th session was increased in adult Wistar rats submitted to 60 minutes of restraint presented on alternate days, and decreased in rats submitted to the protocol of 5 daily sessions followed by 2 days of rest. Exposure to other chronic stressors including chronic varied stress and social isolation stress as well as a treadmill physical training protocol inhibited the process of habituation of the HR response observed during the 10th session of 60 minutes of restraint stress. The chronic varied stress and social isolation also facilitated the responses of, respectively, blood pressure and HR to restraint stress. These results provide evidence of habituation of cardiovascular responses after repeated exposure to restraint stress, and this effect is dependent on duration, frequency and number of exposures; besides being influenced by the sex, period of the life and lineage of the animals. The habituation process was also inhibited by exposure to other chronic stressors and by physical training.
Identificação taxonômica, potencial agrícola e biotecnológico de bactérias endofíticas e rizosféricas associadas a Paspalum atratum e P. notatum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02)
Paula, Ailton Ferreira de
;
Fávero, Alessandra Pereira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329892306148506
;
Lacava, Paulo Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750
The genus Paspalum belongs to the family Poaceae and has several species native to Brazil. The Germplasm Bank of Paspalum of Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste has about 450 accessions of 50 species. Among the conserved accessions, two were chosen for this study: BGP 26 of P. notatum (potential as a lawn) and BGP 308 of P. atratum (potential as a forage ). To date, both endophytic and rhizospheric microbiological diversity for these two accessions were unknown, as well as the potential of these bacteria for promoting the plant growth (BPPG). The objective of this study was to evaluate the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial community of P. atratum and P. notatum, in order to (1) identify in vitro the potential of these microorganisms in the promotion of plant growth by biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), phosphate solubilization (FS), indol-acetic acid (IAA) production and antagonistic ability. (2) Select the best isolates for the in vivo plant growth promotion test in the BGP 308 accession, with different phosphate sources treatments and no add of nitrogen in the soil. As for the in vitro tests, the BNF was tested in a nitrogen-free semi-solid culture medium, the FS was tested in nutrient agar medium supplemented with insoluble phosphate and the IAA was tested in the medium 10% Tryptin + L-tryptophan. In the antagonism test, Bipolaris sp. spores were streaked onto Potato Dextrose Agar agar medium and the bacterial isolate was inoculated onto the stria. In the molecular identification the 16S gene was used and the sequences were compared in the Classifier software. Eight isolates with potential for BNF, FS and IAA were in vivo evaluated in BGP 308. The soil was prepared with three sources of phosphate plus phosphate control without phosphate. The plants had the morphological descriptors measured and the dry matter was submitted to the near infrared spectrometer (NIRS) for chemical determination of each treatment. Analysis of variance, t-Test and Principal Component Analysis were generated in the Statistical Analysis System software. Two hundred and thirteen bacterial isolates (97 BGP 26 and 118 BGP 308) were purified. The total of 54 isolates presented potential for BFN, FS and IAA. These isolates were submitted to molecular identification and the antagonism test. Seven bacterial genera were found: Bacillus, Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium. The isolates 50 (Pseudomonas spp.) and 53 (Bacillus spp.) presented antagonistic activity against Bipolaris sp.. In the in vivo test the results showed BPPG, the most promising isolates were 103 (Enterobacter spp.), 110 (Enterobacter spp.) and 458 (Pseudomonas spp.). With this work, it was possible to know the bacterial community for the two accessions in question and to obtain new isolates with potential for Plant growth-promoting.
$L^2$ estimates for the operators $ \bar\partial $ and $ \bar\partial_b $
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02)
Coacalle, Joel Rogelio Portada
;
Raich, Andrew Seth
;
Hoepfner, Gustavo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742503790793940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153627834860786
The purpose of this work is to establish sufficient conditions for closed range estimates on $(0,q)$-forms, for some fixed $q$, $1 \leq q \leq n-1$, for $\bar\partial_b$ in both $L^2$ and $L^2$-Sobolev spaces in embedded, not necessarily pseudoconvex CR manifolds of hypersurface type. The condition, named weak $Y(q)$, is both more general than previously established sufficient conditions and easier to check. Applications of our estimates include estimates for the Szeg\"o projection as well as an argument that the harmonic forms have the same regularity as the complex Green operator. We use a microlocal argument and carefully construct a norm that is well-suited for a microlocal decomposition of form. We do not require that the CR manifold is the boundary of a domain. Finally, we provide an example that demonstrates that weak $Y(q)$ is an easier condition to verify than earlier, less general conditions.