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Estudo da indução da grafitização da resina fenólica fenol/formaldeído
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-14) Renda, Carmen Greice; Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1758443823834471
Among the probable carbon sources, there are the polymers, as the phenolic resin, which produces residual carbon around 60% wt./wt. after thermal treatment. It is classified as non-graphitizable, because it has not graphitic lamellaes until temperatures between 2600°C and 3000°C. To organize carbon in temperatures around 1000°C, the catalytic graphitization was suggested, where the phenolic resin receives metallic and/or inorganic agents. Thus, three resins received the agents (ferrocene, boric acid and exfoliated graphite) and they were compared, in specific conditions of processing, to induce turbostratic or graphitic structures. Turbostratic structures have organization beyond 1 nm and graphitic fragments or graphene sheets stacked in almost parallel organizations. Graphitic structures have parallel sheets stacked. Phenolic resins with any graphitic organization would be useful in refractories or for technological applications, depending on the agents used for this induction. Materials with higher lamellae organization could reduce production costs, polydispersivity and increase their efficiency. The study was divided in three stages. In the first stage, some of the proposed procedures proved viability to this route. The best results of the organization level were between 58 and 61% and were obtained for the ferrocene agent, with thermal treatment with more isothermic steps until 1000°C/5h. After the second treatment, until 1400°C/5h, were between 60 and 65%. In the second stage was evaluated the mixing procedure in the carbon organization, the higher organization (70%) was inducted with laboratory stirrer and ultrasonic mixer, with the synthesized modified-novolak resin and ferrocene. In the third stage, the systematically evaluating the thermal decomposition of ferrocene showed phases with carbon (amorphous, turbostratic and graphitic) and with iron (hematite, maghemite, cementite and gamma-iron) and structures type hollow-like onion carbon with magnetic properties were obtained. The results open new possibilites of applications in materials engineering.
Educação e tecnologias digitais no contexto das escolas públicas do estado de São Paulo: um estudo no campo CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-14) Falcão, Patricia Mirella de Paulo; Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0619543628213855
During the last decades, several studies point for a new Society shaped and framed through the optical of a digital culture. New devices emerge in a high speed, precluding the updating of the most adventurers. In front of this apparent digital society, new languages, symbols and signs receive several configurations. Because of it, the inclusion as the exclusion is present. For this new configuration of idealized society, the digital devices make a part of the everyday life as sensory extension of the human being. One of the problematics from the digital culture is the exacerbated spread of information, between real and true, and how to change them, once they digress and dominate the minds, especially of the youngers, about knowledge. Would the public school be included or excluded of this new device? In front of this, the present search aimed understanding how and if it happens, in the public-school group of São Paulo state, specifically in the elementary school, the teaching of subjects trough the digital technologies. The study showed as the general objective map, if the Science teaching should be effectively through the digital technologies. Besides the general objective, four specified objectives were created, like: analyze laws, provisional measures, decrees and other official documents of state bodies that legislate about education in Brazil, mainly the Federal Government, about the guidelines for the Science and technology teaching; catalogue schools to map and analyze which the researches, of infrastructure, human and economic are reserved for the process of the teaching through the digital technologies, confer and describe if in the elected institutions put or are putting some public program about incentive or broked teaching, as the teachers involved in the process, their abilities, knowledge and formations to teach their subjects, characterize what is the students vision about the learning through the digital technologies, and understand what they think about the broked process and about the subjects. Besides, what is the proportion that these technologies take in their lifes as confering their knowledges and abilities about them. Analyzing the search fulcrum, the methodologic triangulation was realized through the interview with three different groups: a. students of elementary school; b. teachers of public schools; c. manager- teacher that knows about the Federal Government jobs about digital technologies at school. So, qualitative and quantitative analyses were done during the purposed study. The analyses point that there is a strong speech that, for conception, treats the children and adolescents as native digitals in a slant of knowledge about digital technologies. But, these knowledges are in the most about games and social groups, besides entertainment things, so, it’s not real. About the teachers, the search shows they frequently confuse the meanings about the broking through digital technologies, and those that searches a broked process, what they do only, once that we conclude school is suboptimal about digital culture. Finishing, the study points there is a big abyss among what the Federal Government speaks, its actions and the effective inclusion of the public schools in digital culture. Besides important questions that involve the digital Technologies in a social and historic slant, that aren’t worked. We conclude the possibilities of field studies STS need to be discussed as a way for inclusion of the school technologies, since the basic education.
Perspectiva ocupacional da participação de crianças na educação infantil e implicações para a terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-14) Folha, Débora Ribeiro da Silva Campos; Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9888013532351574
In this study, we problematize the invisibility of children's occupations, with an emphasis on Early Childhood Education. The general objective was to describe and analyze the education of children from an occupational perspective. The specific objectives were: a) To describe the activities, routines and environments of Early Childhood Education from an occupational perspective; b) To understand and analyze how children with typical and atypical development become involved in the activities, routines and environments of Early Childhood Education; and c) To identify and analyze the implications for Occupational Therapy in order to promote the participation of children in Early Childhood Education, from an occupational perspective. It was na empirical, qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. The study participants were: four children with typical development; four children targeted by special education, three with Autism Spectrum Disorders and one with physical disability due to congenital malformation; four pre-school teachers and one trainee that accompany one of the children. Data collection was performed from direct observation according to the narrative descriptions technique. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the teachers and the trainee. The content analysis technique guided the data analysis. We found three categories of analysis: 1) Environments, routines and activities of early childhood education, which brings together results related to environments as promoters or inhibitors of participation in early childhood education, as well as analyzing the learning opportunities present in school routines, grouping the activities of early childhood education around three axes. : play, self-care and formal learning activities; 2) Participation of children with typical development and PAEE children in the environments, routines and activities of early childhood education, which presents and discusses results regarding the participation profiles in the three axes of early childhood activities found in the study, among which children with typical development predominantly demonstrated full participation and PAEE children demonstrated participation ranging from full, active assisted participation to restricted participation; and 3) Uncovering spaces for Occupational Therapy in Early Childhood Education from an occupational perspective, a category that analyzes gaps found in the results that allow contributions from Occupational Therapy to the context of Early Childhood Education. The defense for the understanding of Early Childhood Education from an occupational perspective contemplates the comprehension of the school occupations of play, self-care and learning of formal contents. Children with typical development show full participation in these occupations. Special Education Target Children, especially those who manifest Autism Spectrum Disorders, have restricted participation and require mediation. The specificity of the occupational therapist is to develop strategies to promote the full participation of all children in these occupations
Formação de interlocutores da comunidade para interação com usuários de Comunicação Alternativa com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-14) Evaristo, Fabiana Lacerda; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3295481956325060
Alternative Communication means and strategies are useful tools so that students with non-verbal disabilities to socialize in different environments. This research has objective to elaborate, implement and evaluate a program of formation of communication partners in the community for non-verbal users of alternative communication with autism. The specific objectives were: a) form communication partners to interact with users of Alternative Communication; and b) to evaluate the effects of the implementation of the Alternative Communication Program with users with autism in different environments and with different interlocutors. The study included four participants with autism, four family participants and four participants from the community. Data were collected in a medium-sized municipality and another small municipality, both located in the state of São Paulo in several environments frequented by participants with autism, such as their residence and general trade. A intermittent multiple baseline design cross subjects and environments was used in this research. Eight instruments were used to collect the data: 1) semi-structured interview script for parents / family; 2) a semi-structured interview script for the communication partners; 3) list of participants' interests with autism; 4) daily observation protocol; 5) post intervention questionnaire on the use of alternative communication for the communications partners ; 6) protocol of registration of the social interaction of CA users with community communication partners;7) protocol recording the interaction of community communications partners with CA users; and 8) social validity questionnaire. Communication partners training was the first step of research data collection of the research in which the teaching procedures were implemented with the users with TEA, at which point these procedures were filmed for further analysis. Participants with autism underwent initial assessments, corresponding to baseline sessions, and then intervention was initiated, after baseline stability check. All sessions were performed within the routine in which the participant is inserted. After 13 months of application of the program, a questionnaire was collected with the communication partners, in order to observe if CA users acquired communicative skills in the different environments after using the alternative communication, as well as to help them to expand the alternative communication program at home. The results show that from the training program with the community communication partners with the CA users participants demostrated satisfactory development and their communication skills improved with different people, according to their needs and the number of communication partners has been increased.
Existência e multiplicidade de soluções para uma classe de problemas envolvendo operadores fracionários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-14) Gabert, Rodrigo de Freitas; Rodrigues, Rodrigo da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9606661651573155; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1113124124946591
In this work, we study existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for three problems involving fractional operators, with emphasis on critical growth nonlinearities. The first problem deals with the existence of sign-changing solution for an equation involving the fractional Laplacian and fractional critical Sobolev exponents. In the second problem, we study the existence of signed and sign-changing solutions for an equation involving the fractional p-Laplacian with a Kirchhoff term and fractional subcritical and critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent. The last problem approaches existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for an equation involving the fractional p-Laplacian with a Kirchhoff term, fractional subcritical and critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent and weight with indefinite signal. The presence of critical exponents generates additional mathematical dificulties in obtaining solutions due to lack of compactness of the Sobolev embedding. In our studies, we used variational methods such as the Mountain Pass Theorem, constraint minimization on Nehari sets and the fibering method.
Influência dos textos de notícias na queda de preços no mercado de ações brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-14) Duarte, Juvenal José; González, Sahudy Montenegro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826346918182685; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7979293677056269
Forecasting financial losses and making decisions to avoid or reduce them has been a challenge for every investor. On one hand, due to the availability of data and its simple implementation, technical analysis methods have been quickly gaining supporters. On the other hand, modern computers processing power together with advances in text mining provides the opportunity to explore the investor’s behaviors in new data types: textual. This research evaluates the relationship between the Brazilian stock market and news published on national midia, focusing on automatic search for patterns related to down movements using machine learning algorithms. Six experiments were performed to analyze the possibility of predicting price falls automatically, followed by case studies in the search of explanations from the classifiers that justify the predictions.The results show that text mining based approaches overcome traditional strategies when forecasting losses, but the underlying patterns understanding is limited due to the complexity of the classifiers and high dimensional vocabulary.
A tipologia moral na filosofia de Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-14) Souza, Israel Fabiano Pereira de; Gaspar, Francisco Augusto de Moraes Prata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0406230537993999; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3374191772172408
This study is an attempt to understand the importance of developing a typology within the moral reflections proposed by Nietzsche. We understand that typological analysis is primarily a way of moving away from metaphysical thinking, as well as from an absolute generalization of concepts and values held by universals. Moreover, moral types are, we believe, in line with the Nietzschean view of reality, which is characterized by a plurality of meanings and values, which are embedded in a constant becoming and do not allow the existence of the axiological and conceptual crystallization desired by metaphysics. This view fits in with the Nietzschean concepts of will to power and perspectivism that we believe are fundamental to understanding why Nietzsche points to the need to erect a moral typology. Finally, we must think of moral typology as the product of genealogical research. It is from moral genealogy that we gain insight into values and morals through their importance or harm to life. Types in this context are expressions of a certain form of life, whether ascending or degenerate.