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Levantamento de modelos mentais para verificação de aprendizagem significativa do conceito de equilíbrio químico em licenciandos em química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23)
Mateus, Paola Gimenez
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Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4669542278729092
The concept of equilibrium corresponds to one of the most complex and difficult topics of teaching and understanding in Chemistry. Although different researches has adopted the theme as an object of research and the important contributions already reported in the literature, the learning problems of this concept still seem to be frequent, justifying the importance of the development of this research whose objective was to contribute to the understanding of the factors involved in the learning process of the concept, using as theoretical references the theories of meaningful learning and mental models. For this purpose, the mental models constructed by 14 undergraduate of a public university of the state of Sao Paulo were investigated and analyzed, with the purpose of searching for evidence of learning with a significant character and close to the conceptual model, allowing the learner to assign meaning to the concept and thus explain it, represent it and use it in different situations and at different levels of representational chemistry. Thus, it was sought to verify if knowledge is expressed through its own manifestations, without losing its scientific meaning, or if learning has become predominantly mechanical, through the memorization of its laws and principles, in a disconnected way without the attribution of many meanings, limiting the students to reproduce phrases and statements without the proper understanding, as well as the possible factors that resulted in these learning. Three instruments of data collection were planned and constructed: a questionnaire, a stop motion and a semi-structured interview script. The data were analyzed based on previously defined and categorized guiding elements, being: elements of low complexity (chemical concepts applicable to any chemical transformations) and elements of high complexity (exclusive of the theme). According to our data, the construction of a mental model that resulting in learning of the concept with a significant predominant character seems to involve the need to overcome simplistic visions derived from sensory experiences, purely related to the concrete level and the presence of mental models of the concept chemical reaction considerably developed and adequate, including at the submicroscopic level. That is, to overcome the problems associated with the concept learning process, it is necessary to know what the student already knows, his initial conceptions and his subsumer, which seem to be limiting factors for the construction of a model for the concept of chemical equilibrium capable of allowing the meaningful understanding of this state as dynamic, reversible and simultaneous.
A integrina a2b1 na progressão tumoral mamária: papel no microambiente tumoral e na metástase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23)
Moritz, Milene Nóbrega de Oliveira
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6376232163055913
The harmonic functioning of cells involves an orchestrated synchronization of signaling that maintains the balance between proliferation and cell death in healthy tissues. Eventually, gene mutations can occur and the accumulation of these alterations culminate in uncontrolled cellular divisions and consequently in the formation of malignant neoplasias. Breast cancer is the most frequent among women, with metastasis being the major cause of death. The triple negative subtype of breast cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors and there is no specific therapy for its treatment. Bone is the most common site for breast cancer metastasis and the existence of membrane receptors such as integrins on tumor cells assist in this addressing. In this study, divided into two chapters, we evaluated the role of α2β1 integrin in the metastasis of breast cancer. In the first chapter, we used alternagin-C, a protein that binds to α2β1 integrin and from the venom of Bothrops alternatus snake, and the transient silencing of the α2 subunit to verify the role of this receptor in mammary metastasis. The results demonstrated that alternagin-C decreased in 50% tumor cell adhesion to type I collagen and increased more than three times the expression of the metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1). In the second chapter, we used three in vivo models (Mammary Fat Pad-MFP, intracardiac-IC and intratibial-IT) of breast bone metastasis with human tumor cells in athymic nude mice. All three models were treated with the α2β1 integrin inhibitor, TCI-15, or superexpressing the α2 subunit in tumor cells that were injected into the animals with the aim of evaluate the role of α2β1 integrin specifically in breast tumor bone metastasis. With these models, we observed that α2β1 integrin plays a significant role in primary tumor growth (MFP model), but there were no significant results in later stages of bone metastasis (IC and IT models). In addition, we verified a biphasic expression of α2β1 integrin during the metastasis cascade, with lower expression in the metastatic cells compared to expression in the parental breast tumor cells. We also demonstrated that the metastatic cells express high levels of PTHrP (parathyroid hormone related protein), Gli2, and TGFβRII, which have been shown to contribute to bone destruction. These data suggest an inverse relation between α2 integrin expression and a bone destructive phenotype. Furthermore, TGF-β treatment decreased α2β1 integrin levels in metastatic cells, suggesting that TGF-β may influence the selection of tumor cells to bone through this integrin regulation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that α2β1 integrin is involved with different roles in metastasis cascade of breast cancer to bone. Thus, this study contributed to identify a possible molecular target for the treatment and prevention of triple negative breast cancer metastasis.
Docking molecular e interações não-covalentes de compostos originais derivados de 2-aril-oxazolinas em enzimas de Candida spp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23)
Silva, Rui Filipe Nogueira da
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Schpector, Julio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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Caracelli, Ignez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143
Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Candida spp. It affects up to 50% of the world's population and may progress to candidaemia, leading to death in up to a half of patients. Commercial drugs used in its treatment belong to three families, exist for about half a century and target only two cellular components of the fungus, the cell membrane and the cell wall. In the last decade, reports of new Candida species resistant to one or more of these traditional drugs make urgent the need to find new drugs, specially targeting new fungal metabolic pathways. In order to face this problem, the research group of Prof. Helio A. Stefani from USP's Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences synthesized 26 compounds derived from 2-aryl-oxazoline, carrying out biological studies on five species of fungi of the genus Candida, obtaining the MIC50 values. In this work, the use of in silico methods envisioned the identification of a molecular target for the 2-aryl oxazoline compounds in Candida spp. and the characterization of the interactions that may be responsible for the MIC50 values. Therefore, molecular docking experiments were carried out with the 26 modeled ligands on the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase from Candida albicans and lanosterol 14-α-demethylase from Candida glabrata. The monitoring and the characterization of the main non-covalent interactions of the 26 ligands with the proteins, specifically the Candida albicans dihydrofolate reductase, pointed an important interaction of the substituent halides with the enzyme’s glutamic acid 32 residue, and the interaction of the ligands with the tyrosine 21-leucine 29 protein loop, namely CH...π interactions with methionine 25 residue. The reported interactions supported the correlation of the in silico experiments with the results of the biological assays. Analysis of the docking results and the non-covalent protein-ligand interactions allowed the branding of dihydrofolate reductase as a potential target of oxazoline-derived compounds in Candida albicans.
Os sentidos de escravo em Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23)
Santos Júnior, Gilberto Egydio dos
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2312128630465009
This work aims at a semantic analysis, with an enunciative basis, taking into account the history, the political and the social to understand The Senses of Slave in The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, by Machado de Assis. For that, this study is carried out based on textuality procedures, which analyze rewriting and articulation, according to Guimarães (2018), verifying the relations of determination of the word slave in the text. As a methodological tool, we will use the Semantic Domain of Determination (DSD) device, Guimarães (2007), to identify the slave designation in Brás Cubas. In addition, from the notion of politician in Rancière (1996), more specifically by the Guimarães approach (2005), we will observe the normativity that happens within the enunciative space of the text, being this a factor of interference in the meaning of slave in the novel.
Organização de controle social na transição agroecológica do assentamento Pirituba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23)
Silva, Fabiana Fagundes da
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Lopes, Paulo Rogério
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0354540389206559
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
The statutory participatory certification mechanism meets the expectations of a historical process of organic farming. The Organization and Social Control (OCS) is a tool that helps in the processes of agroecological transition, considered an advance for the development of agroecology in Brazil. In this sense, we seek to analyze the process of organic recognition through the OCS, noting its contribution to promote an agroecological transition from the redesign of agroecosystems in agrarian reform areas. The critical points of the process were applied based on the perception of the farmers, trying to understand how they create mechanisms to increase the sustainability of production systems. The methodology used was a Participating Action Research, and the investigation took place at OCS Agrovida linked to family groups in the Pirituba II Agrovilas I, V and VI Settlement in the southwest of Sao Paulo State. We consider that the economical perspective made significant progress towards processes of organic recognition of the agroecosystems. Finally, we conclude that the OCS and its socio-environmental tool allow us to visualize the challenges and actions for an agroecological transition starting with the redesigning of agroecosystems from collective perceptions.
Fatores influenciadores da inovação em bibliotecas públicas acadêmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23)
Cruz, Keila Fernanda de Souza
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Mendes, Glauco Henrique de Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7564259060572565
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1700079537622955
Towards the academic libraries to remain relevant to their users and to fulfill their role as information centers in universities, they need to innovate to create services that meet these needs. Innovation enables libraries to create new services or enhance existing services for their user communities. However, innovation is a complex process and several factors can influence or inhibit the innovation process in libraries. This paper aims to characterize the innovations developed by academic libraries (belonging to federal and state universities in Brazil) and the factors that influence them. Thus, it seeks to identify the antecedent and consequent factors of library innovation. To achieve the objectives, the survey research was adopted. Therefore, it is a research with quantitative approach. The execution was performed in three stages: i) the bibliographic research for the theoretical foundation about the process of innovation in services and innovation in libraries; ii) the survey for data collection and iii) data treatment and analysis. For data collection, an electronic questionnaire was sent by email to the library directors of 98 public universities (63 federal and 35 state). At the end, we obtained a sample composed of 151 respondents. For data analysis, two approaches were used. The first was based on descriptive statistics, while the second corresponded to the application of the Structural Equation Modeling technique. The results made it possible to characterize the innovations developed by the libraries. Despite the creation of innovative services, most libraries implement minor adaptations and improved versions of existing services, indicating the predominance of incremental innovations. As for influencing factors, Leadership, Culture and Climate, and Role of Servers and Co-creation are important antecedents and innovation in libraries. On the other hand, factors such as process and resources have less influence. The results also indicate that co-creation, especially of frontline servers, is an important predictor of innovation. Library managers can use research findings to increase the effectiveness of innovation processes. As a consequence, the results indicate the contribution of innovations in improving the image and satisfaction of library users. Finally, limitations and perspectives for future work are presented at the end of this research
Revisitando Heleieth Saffioti: a construção de um conceito de patriarcado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-26)
Oliveira, Viviane Modda
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Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208435983286140
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2555427638482326
The book The Woman in the class society: Myth and reality of Heleieth Saffioti (1969) is considered a milestone in women's studies in Brazil, pioneering and inaugurating an entire field of studies in the area of Brazilian sociology. The theoretical developments that involve the author's thesis of free-teaching are vast, as well as its use in feminist theory, being considered as a reference. The general objective of this research is to analyze the pioneering work of Heleieth Saffioti and its contribution, especially with the concept of patriarchy, post as an embryonic in this research. The methodology used is mainly bibliographical. The current of the book will be analyzed in this research, as well as concerns caused by it, and the non-exhaustion of the central theme that is presented. In this research, we will mobilize concepts within the area of gender studies, through a contemporary debate with a cut of theoreticians, to understand and interpret the discussions about the concept of patriarchy in sociological theory: as was used by the author and by theoretical and theoretical in the decades of 1980 and 1990 and, currently, by different perspectives of feminist theory.
Fecundidade anual e parasitismo de ninho em uma população do Curutié Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (Aves: Furnariidae) no Sudesde Brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-26)
Sanches, Amanda Murcia
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5768756770472692
The yellow-chinned spinetail is a Furnariid that, as many other neotropical species, has few aspects of its biology fully studied. It’s been a known host for the stripped cuckoo (Tapera naevia) for years. However, this particular host-parasite system has never been studied. The present study was conducted in a marsh area in the municipality of Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, state of São Paulo, in the reproductive seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2018. Through capture and marking of individuals and active search for nests, we built a database about the reproductive biology of this species and the parasitism by T. naevia rates. The first chapter is about the reproductive aspects of the species. The reproductive season lasted from late September to February; The annual fecundity of this population was 0,33 C. cinamomeus and 0.66 T. naevia per female, showing that brood parasitism is the main constrain to the reproduction of C. cinnamomeus in this population. The incubation period was 17 days, and fledging period of 18 days. Reproductive breeding pairs built from 1 to 4 nests during the reproductive season (average of 2.8). The second chapter is about the brood parasitism by T. naevia. Using GLM analysis we tested the hypothesis that the tubular nest entrance might be a constrain to the parasite. Our data didn’t corroborate this hypotheses. Further, no other aspect of nest architecture seems to influence the likelihood of parasitism. The only aspect that showed a negative correlation with the likelihood of a nest being parasitizes by T. naevia was vegetation coverage above the nest. This indicates that T. naevia might use visual cues to locate host’s nests, and vegetation coverage might conceal host activity, making more concealed nests less likely of being parasitized. This study is the first to address specifically the reproductive biology of C. cinnamomeus and this particular parasite-host system.
Divulgação científica voltada para o público infantil: uma análise a partir de programas televisivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-26)
Tognon, Sara Camelucci Carrocine
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3749421379531019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2228770443143326
This research is the result of concerns about the different ways of thinking and approaching the natural sciences for children. It assumes that prior to attending school children already have contact with aspects of scientific culture through the media, of contact with parents and other adults or older children, or through direct contact with science-related elements and phenomena. In this sense, this study aims to understand the vision of Science and Child that underlies the means of scientific dissemination that are intended for children. Firstly, to conduct this qualitative research, a theoretical framework was built on what would be understood as a child and its relationship with science. Childhood is being understood as a social category and children as social actors, members of this category and producers of cultures. Subsequently, programs were selected that aimed to disseminate science to children, in order to analyze some episodes of the same. Three programs were selected: “Earth to Luna”, “The Scientist Sid” and “The Mika’s Diary”. We sought a methodology that was adequate to analyze television programs, arriving at Content Analysis, focused on what is proposed by Laurence Bardin. Data analysis was performed through episodes clippings and based on the dialogues that occurred in them. From the research it was possible to understand that when the program is intended for the dissemination of science to children, there is the emergence of a new stereotype of making and disseminating science and the idea that has about the viewer child. There is great difficulty when it comes to disseminating science to this audience and at the same time respecting the children's universe, its singularities and not overlapping them.
O processo de compras e possíveis impactos no desempenho financeiro: o caso de uma empresa do setor sucroenergético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-26)
Georgino, Mônica
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Albuquerque, Andrei Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9667573506903226
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6141230203546076
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is defined as the management of the organization's network of relationships, from the original suppliers to end customers. The Procurement process, which is part of the SCM, aims to ensure supply, access, and management of the external resources that an organization needs to achieve its strategic objectives. In addition, the Procurement process is related to the reduction of costs and, consequently, the improvement of the company´s financial performance. The purpose of this paper is to identify the constructs and practices are under the Procurement process, which can affect the financial performance of a sugarcane´s company, based on Procurement and Finance managers. In order to identify the elements and activities of Purchasing and the financial performance index of the companies impacted by the Procurement process, a systematic review of the literature (SRL) was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases from 2008 to 2018. Main findings point to the Procurement constructs are information technology, innovation, talent management and procurement structure; as examples of Procurement practices are: cost reduction, supplier relationship management, demand management, and strategic sourcing; and examples of financial index are: return on investment (ROI), return on assets (ROA), earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and sales growth. A large number of recent literature indicates this is a contemporary subject, with space for further development using the methodology of case study, which brings the researcher closer to the studied phenomenon. The results show that all practices and some of constructs Procurement, identified in the literature, were also reinforced by the respondents as being important to contribute to the company´s financial performance, in addition also were discovered new practices and constructs of Procurement that impact the financial performance, such as: analyzing the market and relationship integrated with the business. Thus reinforcing that Procurement affects certain financial indexes, such as a term of payment, profitability and cash flow.
Desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis baseados em pectina e nanofibras de celulose funcionalizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-26)
Franco, Giuliana Thalina
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2590846258083011
Renewable polymers are an interesting alternative to synthetic polymers from petrochemical sources. The work aims at the development of nanocomposite films based on pectin and functionalized cellulose nanofibers. The functionalization of nanofibers ocurred by oxidation, mediated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO), and by cationization, through nucleophilic substitution by glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC), in order to provide interactions with the pectic matrix. Low methoxylation pectin showed Zeta potentials around -35 mV at pH close to 7, which promotes the arrangement of surface charges in the polymer matrix. Nanocomposite films were obtained by discontinuous casting from aqueous suspensions of pectin and cellulose nanofibers, which were characterized for their thermal, mechanical, antimicrobial, rheological and structural properties. The functionalization of the NFC promoted the decrease of the crystallinity due to its influence on the packaging of cellulosic chains, as well as the decrease of the viscosity of the filmogenic suspensions. Antimicrobial analyzes showed inhibition of Escherichia coli growth in filmogenic suspensions containing 1 and 5% oxidized and cationized NFC, respectively. Mechanical tests showed that incorporation of NFC promoted an increase of 2 in tensile strength and of 3 in rupture elongation, which allowed the production of nanocomposites with better mechanical performance.
Programa individualizado de intervenção para desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e autorregulatórias em crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-26)
Oliveira, Sabrina Ferreira de
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9014420022437077
Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have significantly below-expected motor performance for chronological age and skill acquisition opportunities. Their self-efficacy and self-regulation skills are also in decrease. This thesis presents the development and effects of using an intervention program that associates motor training with self-regulation and self-efficacy development strategies for the acquisition of motor skills, focusing on the Participation of the child with DCD. The theoretical assumptions of the intervention program were developed from the Social Cognitive Theory and Motor Learning Theory in the context of children with DCD and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health adopting evaluation and intervention procedures centred on the child and his/her significant occupations. The practice framework considered the literature review on the various strategies used in research on the subject, among them goal orientation, modelling, self-instruction, goal-directed training, psychosomatic condition control and self-monitoring. The intervention program model consists of three stages: evaluation (establishing the learning goal), ongoing intervention and guided intervention. It was applied to a 7-year old participant following the single-case changing criterion design using qualitative and quantitative analysis results. For the evaluation stage, the following was considered: the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), the DCDQ-Brazil identification questionnaire and the Motor Development Scale (EDM), Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System (PEGS) - 2nd edition, the Visual Analogue Scale for each Learning Goal, categorization of behaviour for self-regulation, direct observations, effects on Participation and social agents (family) based on journals and interviews. The results showed that implementing the strategies potentiate the learning process of new skills during motor training in children with DCD, considering the performance in motor test batteries, achieving Learning Goals, improving immediate performance in motor activities,impact on their perceived efficacy in other motor activities (secondary goals) and on their participation. Perceived efficacy improved both from the perspective of the child and from their families and teachers. The social validity was determined by reports of those who took part in the research. Future studies using this intervention program are suggested with a larger number of participants in the perspective of reinforcing the evidence about the structure of practice presented in this thesis and its contribution to children with DCD.
Efetividade da implantação de protocolos de prevenção de lesões por pressão: revisão integrativa da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-26)
Vieira, Patricia Amanda
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Padilha, Roberto de Queiroz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2262980850254605
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9189897071798023
Among the worsening health conditions of hospitalized patients there is the development of pressure injuries. Nursing care for the patient with PI (pressure injuries) risk is still based on the individual knowledge of the nurse, routinely resulting in random and discontinued interventions. To improve the quality of nursing care, it should be supported by a scientific model and methodological reference. The pressure injuries prevention protocols are important instruments to conduct actions on the health care systems with the aim of improving the quality of care. The present investigation is an integrative review that aims to identify bibliographical productions about the effectiveness of the implementation of pressure injuries prevention protocols in hospitalized patients in hospital institutions. The selection of articles was made through the Virtual Library of Health and the sample of this review consists of eight articles regarding the elaboration, implementation and evaluation of pressure injuries prevention in hospital institutions. After analyzing the articles included in the review, the results of the studies indicated the existence of effectiveness in the implementation of prevention injuries protocols.
Viajantes do tempo: imigrantes-refugiadas, saúde mental, cultura e racismo na cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Branco-Pereira, Alexandre
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7792596762903794
This is an ethnography of immigrant-refugees that live or lived in the city of São Paulo which intends to describe the experiences of immigration-refuge in the city. Addressing the processes of consideration of immigration-refuge as a monolithic block, peripheralization and access or not to the city, the experience of racism and the diverse and dynamic hierarchies of alterities formulated by mechanisms of reception and integration / assimilation architected by the State and by supra-state organisms, I argue that unassimilable immigrants-refugees in Brazil go through processes designed to carry out a "temporal update" of cultures and minds considered pre-modern. Unassimilable, because are included by exclusion, are therefore time travelers, originating from the past, not cohabiting present time with modern ones. The perspective from mental health services specialized in immigrants-refugees becomes a privileged locus for apprehending and examining such logics. I also argue that the logic imposed by humanitarianism-gift, a relationship of reciprocity not necessarily altruistic between welfare services and immigrants-refugees, becomes a place of exchanges and dialogues only imagined, projecting on the latters an avocality that, coupled with the equivalences made between them and deafs, demonstrate that deafness in this context is more an incapacity of being heard than to hear. In addition, it shows that the curse of tolerance (Stengers, 2011) divides the world, under the perspectives of reception and integration / assimilation services, between those who believe and those who know, a logic that goes transversally through the mechanisms of "temporal updating" from immigrantsrefugees’ (and any others considered pre-modern) cultures and minds. Finally, I describe how the settlement of this scenario by anthropologists and anthropology can take place, advocating in favor of upholding anthropology as a tool for the production of data and care and, above all, for diplomatic mediation between worlds
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos de preparo de amostras de difícil mineralização para análise direta por laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Sperança, Marco Aurelio
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905694821382851
This doctoral thesis proposes sample preparation combined with the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analysis of difficult-to-mineralize samples focusing on the analytical development of LIBS as well as for the development of sample preparation for the technique. The LIBS technique consists of focusing a laser pulse with high fluence (> GW s-1) under the surface of a sample. Following the incidence of this laser pulse, atoms are vaporized, atomized, ionized and brought into an excited energy state. When atoms and ions return to their lowest energy levels, they release photons of specific wavelengths that are translated into the electromagnetic spectrum. The technique has inherent challenges in the analysis of solid samples, which are mostly its applications, such as microheterogeneity and high limits of detection (LOD). Although the technique has great ability in solid sample analysis, it can also be used for liquid sample analysis, however, some specific problems arise, such as sample splashing with laser pulse impact and low reproducibility, and sample preparation can help minimize them. As goal, the present thesis focuses on the development of sample preparation of nickel ores, solder masks and sunscreens for analysis of elements of interest in each of the presented samples. The strategy for the analysis of nickel ore and sunscreen samples consisted of converting the matrix of liquid to solid in order to minimize the problems inherent to liquid analysis by LIBS. For this, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a water-soluble polymer, was used. For solder masks, the samples were completely dried on glass support for further analysis. Chemometric tools were used during the work to aid in data processing (normalization), exploratory analysis (PCA (principal component analysis)) and univariate and multivariate calibration (PCR (principal component regression), PLS (partial least squares), MLR (multiple linear regression)).
Biodegradação do pesticida piretroide gama-cialotrina por fungos da Gruta do Catao
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Rigolin, Fábio Rocha
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1304751417766330
The contamination of agricultural lands by pesticides, their overuse and toxicity to many non-target organisms cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, the development of bioremediation methods for distinct active ingredients, such as pyrethroids, is primordial. In this work, the biodegradation of gamma-cyhalothrin (GCH) by fungi from the cave Gruta do Catão was investigated. Experiments were conducted with different fungi strains (Aspergillus ustus CBMAI 1894, Talaromyces brunneus CBMAI 1895 and Aspergillus sp. CBMAI 1926) in 2% Malt liquid medium with 300 mg L-1 of GCH in triplicate employing a validated method. All strains biodegraded this insecticide and the most efficient was Aspergillus ustus with a degradation rate of approximately 50% of the initial GCH concentration in 21 days of experiment. We also conducted an experimental design testing three variables: temperature (25-35 degrees), pH (5,5– 8,5) and pesticide concentration (50-550 mg L-1) being the temperature and pesticide concentration were those that most influenced the biodegradation. So, we concluded that cave fungi biodegraded GCH and can be employed in future studies for enzymatic characterization and bioremediation of contaminated environments.
Avaliação na educação infantil: sentidos atribuídos por professores na creche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Gava, Fabiana Goveia
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Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547200928033317
This study aims to acknowledge the assigned directions by the teachers who work in daycare centers about early childhood educational assessment from the historical political context of the implementation of the “Guidelines for pedagogical studies in early childhood education in Sorocaba municipal network” (SOROCABA, 2016b). As targeted directions were: to get to know the challenges asserted by the teachers about the evaluation in the kindergarten by the guidelines of the Secretariat of Education; identify it by interviewing teachers what are their methodology on monitoring and develop children’s learning tools and their relationship to assessment and the educators' perceptions of such tools , and investigate how educators understand continuing education in the strategy implementation process. For this, an adopted research used theoretical-methodological references or historical-dialectical materialist and the perspective of historical-cultural theory, specifically, on the concept adopted in Vigotski (2008) and had the participation of four teachers from a public daycare center. Having as methodological strategies: participant observation with records in field diary, semi-structured interviews and documentary consultation. As results pointed out were that: a) an assessment in early childhood education is aimed at monitoring the child's learning and development focusing on behavioral and attitudinal issues and also allows teachers to (re) think their pedagogical practices, as well as revealed that the planning is based on teaching experiences and centered on the expectations of adults on children; b) the existence of various difficulties at school, such as precarious working conditions, high number of children in the classroom, performance of professionals with different backgrounds, teacher insecurity in reporting the children’s difficulties in the report, among other aspects; and c) the discontinuity of continuing education provision and the lack of a training policy that meets the educators’ needs. It is argued that continuing education is guaranteed and built collectively with teachers who work with children, seeking the (re) construction of evaluative practices that respect children as historical characters and their rights; It is also suggested that institutional evaluation be strengthened through greater participation by the families and the school community in order to foster democratic participatory processes on how improving the quality of public schools.
Aspectos de caráter crítico-social no curso técnico em administração integrado ao ensino médio: um estudo de caso a partir dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso dos estudantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Martins, Reginaldo Marcos
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Nascimento, Fabrício do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3496410597486943
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
The technical-vocational education is historically analyzed as promoter of an education that envisages essentially to lead the subjects to the development of professional competences to meet the demands of the labor market, being politically used for the maintenance of the capitalist economic order. This qualitative research (BODGAN and BIKLEN, 1994; CHIZZOTTI, 2003; CRESWELL, 2010) sought, through a case study (YIN, 2001; GIL, 2002), to analyze the critical aspects and social concerns present. in the course conclusion works (TCC) of students graduating from the Technical Course in Integrated Administration to High School of ETEC de Piedade (SP). The possible influences of the educative practices of teachers of this course, which present critical biases (SAVIANI, 2012; FRIGOTTO, CIAVATA and RAMOS, 2012), on the formation of these students are analyzed. The research data inherent to the course teachers were obtained through interviews, through a script of semi-structured questions (POUPART, 2014). Regarding the students, the research data were obtained through thorough reading of their CBT and conversations conducted through discussion groups (WELLER, 2013). The data obtained indicate that the thematic choices and the development of the students' TCC present significant influences of the subjects of human, political and social formation offered within the Technical Management course, as well as the organizational culture of ETEC de Piedade. These aspects were analyzed according to the assumptions of the Historical-Critical Pedagogy (SAVIANI, 2012; FRIGOTTO, 2012), considering the contradictions between the professional training assumptions of the Administrator and the training offered to students within the scope of ETEC de Piedade. In the Technical Course of Administration of this institution, educational situations are perceived that characterize resistances to the capitalist logic (HILL, 2003) and possibilities of offering a human and citizen formation, which overcomes the essentially technical bias inherent in the technical-vocational courses.
Programas físico-esportivos para pessoas com deficiência: propostas e experiências no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Andrade, Andresa Caravage de
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Oliver, Fátima Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3468360233583819
The purpose of this study is to discuss about the possibilities of participation for people with disabilities in physical-sports programs developed in the state of São Paulo. For this intent, were selected the cities chosen by the Brazilian Federal Government in 2013 to receive the Sports Initiation Centers (CIEs). Initially, was carried out a documentary research in the proposed letters of the 56 cities with the CIE in state of São Paulo, consultation and analysis in legislative documents and public data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in the survey of sport profile of the Brazilian states and municipalities, in order to understand the organization of sports management in Brazil. In addition, the para-athlete’s profiles who participated in the School Paralympics Games and the São Paulo Regional Games in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were also analyzed. It was observed that actions, projects and programs for people with disabilities are present in all sporting dimensions, that sports and rights councils for people with disabilities are infrequent and very few active – and they are unable to influence the sport policies of the sector, and the fact that there is predominant participation of physically disabled men in Paralympics sporting competitions. In the field research were interviewed the managers of the State Secretariat of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Sport State Secretariat and the Brazilian Paralympic Committee. The municipalities of Barueri, Campinas and Jundiaí were chosen for local managers interviews and for a brief observation of the identified programs. The selected cities have different management ways in the sport area: through the resources transfer to associations, partnership with the Municipal Secretariat of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities or by the Sport Municipal Secretariat itself. The managers highlighted the post-event resource's reduction for sports, the public system bureaucracy, the lack of adequate sports structures, the Brazilian clubs-centered sports model, sport as way to social insertion, the value of articulation and partnerships mainly with universities, as well the professional qualification and the experiences exchange between neighboring municipalities. Given the limitations and possibilities of sports management, from the managers and local experiences, it's hoped that data can be extrapolated to understand similar realities.
Efeitos da Sulpirida e do Haloperidol na expressão e extinção do medo condicionado à luz e ao contexto em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-28)
Vita, Vivian Maria de
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Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1879561059105706
Evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is one of the most active neuromodulators in mechanisms underlying states of fear and anxiety. More specifically, during the exposure to aversive conditioned stimuli, there is an increase in the release of DA from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to structures such as the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) and nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, results point to a greater involvement of the D2-type DA receptors in conditioned fear expression, since both the administration of the D2 agonist, quinpirole, and the D2 antagonist, sulpiride, cause a significant reduction of conditioned freezing with the action of the drugs in VTA and BLA receptors, respectively. Thus, the general objective of this study is to broaden the evaluation of the effects of D2 receptor blockade in rats on the expression and extinction of conditioned fear. We aim to replicate the previous findings regarding the effects of sulpiride on decreasing the expression of conditioned fear, to test the hypothesis that haloperidol - a D2 antagonist widely used in clinical settings to control symptoms of the acute phase of schizophrenia - would present similar effects to sulpiride, and to extend the characterization of the involvement of DA in conditioned fear by evaluating the effects of these two drugs on extinction processes. For this, 146 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 300 g were used. The animals were trained to the context or to the light (conditioned stimulus) using footshocks as an unconditioned aversive stimulus. After 24 hours, the rats received intraperitoneal administration of drug (sulpiride or haloperidol) or vehicle and they were exposed to the context or the light for evaluation of the freezing response (test). After another 24 hours, the same animals were submitted to a retest, to evaluate the retention of extinction. For control of possible adverse motor effects, catalepsy and open field tests were performed. As expected, sulpiride decreased the freezing response in the test for both context and light conditioned fear. No motor impairment was observed in the catalepsy or open field tests with sulpiride administration. The administration of haloperidol did not cause significant effects on the expression or extinction of the context or light conditioned fear, although a clear tendency to decrease the freezing in the test was observed. On the other hand, in general, haloperidol induced catalepsy and impaired motor activity in the open field. Therefore, we reproduce the previous findings for sulpiride in decreasing freezing in the conditioned fear test. In addition, we have shown similar effects for haloperidol in the test (although not statistically significant), reinforcing the idea of D2 receptor involvement in conditioned fear expression.