Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2019-08-23"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Levantamento de modelos mentais para verificação de aprendizagem significativa do conceito de equilíbrio químico em licenciandos em química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23) Mateus, Paola Gimenez; Ferreira, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4669542278729092
The concept of equilibrium corresponds to one of the most complex and difficult topics of teaching and understanding in Chemistry. Although different researches has adopted the theme as an object of research and the important contributions already reported in the literature, the learning problems of this concept still seem to be frequent, justifying the importance of the development of this research whose objective was to contribute to the understanding of the factors involved in the learning process of the concept, using as theoretical references the theories of meaningful learning and mental models. For this purpose, the mental models constructed by 14 undergraduate of a public university of the state of Sao Paulo were investigated and analyzed, with the purpose of searching for evidence of learning with a significant character and close to the conceptual model, allowing the learner to assign meaning to the concept and thus explain it, represent it and use it in different situations and at different levels of representational chemistry. Thus, it was sought to verify if knowledge is expressed through its own manifestations, without losing its scientific meaning, or if learning has become predominantly mechanical, through the memorization of its laws and principles, in a disconnected way without the attribution of many meanings, limiting the students to reproduce phrases and statements without the proper understanding, as well as the possible factors that resulted in these learning. Three instruments of data collection were planned and constructed: a questionnaire, a stop motion and a semi-structured interview script. The data were analyzed based on previously defined and categorized guiding elements, being: elements of low complexity (chemical concepts applicable to any chemical transformations) and elements of high complexity (exclusive of the theme). According to our data, the construction of a mental model that resulting in learning of the concept with a significant predominant character seems to involve the need to overcome simplistic visions derived from sensory experiences, purely related to the concrete level and the presence of mental models of the concept chemical reaction considerably developed and adequate, including at the submicroscopic level. That is, to overcome the problems associated with the concept learning process, it is necessary to know what the student already knows, his initial conceptions and his subsumer, which seem to be limiting factors for the construction of a model for the concept of chemical equilibrium capable of allowing the meaningful understanding of this state as dynamic, reversible and simultaneous.
Docking molecular e interações não-covalentes de compostos originais derivados de 2-aril-oxazolinas em enzimas de Candida spp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23) Silva, Rui Filipe Nogueira da; Schpector, Julio Zukerman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383; Caracelli, Ignez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7774465367894278
Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Candida spp. It affects up to 50% of the world's population and may progress to candidaemia, leading to death in up to a half of patients. Commercial drugs used in its treatment belong to three families, exist for about half a century and target only two cellular components of the fungus, the cell membrane and the cell wall. In the last decade, reports of new Candida species resistant to one or more of these traditional drugs make urgent the need to find new drugs, specially targeting new fungal metabolic pathways. In order to face this problem, the research group of Prof. Helio A. Stefani from USP's Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences synthesized 26 compounds derived from 2-aryl-oxazoline, carrying out biological studies on five species of fungi of the genus Candida, obtaining the MIC50 values. In this work, the use of in silico methods envisioned the identification of a molecular target for the 2-aryl oxazoline compounds in Candida spp. and the characterization of the interactions that may be responsible for the MIC50 values. Therefore, molecular docking experiments were carried out with the 26 modeled ligands on the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase from Candida albicans and lanosterol 14-α-demethylase from Candida glabrata. The monitoring and the characterization of the main non-covalent interactions of the 26 ligands with the proteins, specifically the Candida albicans dihydrofolate reductase, pointed an important interaction of the substituent halides with the enzyme’s glutamic acid 32 residue, and the interaction of the ligands with the tyrosine 21-leucine 29 protein loop, namely CH...π interactions with methionine 25 residue. The reported interactions supported the correlation of the in silico experiments with the results of the biological assays. Analysis of the docking results and the non-covalent protein-ligand interactions allowed the branding of dihydrofolate reductase as a potential target of oxazoline-derived compounds in Candida albicans.
A integrina a2b1 na progressão tumoral mamária: papel no microambiente tumoral e na metástase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23) Moritz, Milene Nóbrega de Oliveira; Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6376232163055913
The harmonic functioning of cells involves an orchestrated synchronization of signaling that maintains the balance between proliferation and cell death in healthy tissues. Eventually, gene mutations can occur and the accumulation of these alterations culminate in uncontrolled cellular divisions and consequently in the formation of malignant neoplasias. Breast cancer is the most frequent among women, with metastasis being the major cause of death. The triple negative subtype of breast cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors and there is no specific therapy for its treatment. Bone is the most common site for breast cancer metastasis and the existence of membrane receptors such as integrins on tumor cells assist in this addressing. In this study, divided into two chapters, we evaluated the role of α2β1 integrin in the metastasis of breast cancer. In the first chapter, we used alternagin-C, a protein that binds to α2β1 integrin and from the venom of Bothrops alternatus snake, and the transient silencing of the α2 subunit to verify the role of this receptor in mammary metastasis. The results demonstrated that alternagin-C decreased in 50% tumor cell adhesion to type I collagen and increased more than three times the expression of the metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1). In the second chapter, we used three in vivo models (Mammary Fat Pad-MFP, intracardiac-IC and intratibial-IT) of breast bone metastasis with human tumor cells in athymic nude mice. All three models were treated with the α2β1 integrin inhibitor, TCI-15, or superexpressing the α2 subunit in tumor cells that were injected into the animals with the aim of evaluate the role of α2β1 integrin specifically in breast tumor bone metastasis. With these models, we observed that α2β1 integrin plays a significant role in primary tumor growth (MFP model), but there were no significant results in later stages of bone metastasis (IC and IT models). In addition, we verified a biphasic expression of α2β1 integrin during the metastasis cascade, with lower expression in the metastatic cells compared to expression in the parental breast tumor cells. We also demonstrated that the metastatic cells express high levels of PTHrP (parathyroid hormone related protein), Gli2, and TGFβRII, which have been shown to contribute to bone destruction. These data suggest an inverse relation between α2 integrin expression and a bone destructive phenotype. Furthermore, TGF-β treatment decreased α2β1 integrin levels in metastatic cells, suggesting that TGF-β may influence the selection of tumor cells to bone through this integrin regulation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that α2β1 integrin is involved with different roles in metastasis cascade of breast cancer to bone. Thus, this study contributed to identify a possible molecular target for the treatment and prevention of triple negative breast cancer metastasis.
Os sentidos de escravo em Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23) Santos Júnior, Gilberto Egydio dos; Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2312128630465009
This work aims at a semantic analysis, with an enunciative basis, taking into account the history, the political and the social to understand The Senses of Slave in The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, by Machado de Assis. For that, this study is carried out based on textuality procedures, which analyze rewriting and articulation, according to Guimarães (2018), verifying the relations of determination of the word slave in the text. As a methodological tool, we will use the Semantic Domain of Determination (DSD) device, Guimarães (2007), to identify the slave designation in Brás Cubas. In addition, from the notion of politician in Rancière (1996), more specifically by the Guimarães approach (2005), we will observe the normativity that happens within the enunciative space of the text, being this a factor of interference in the meaning of slave in the novel.
Fatores influenciadores da inovação em bibliotecas públicas acadêmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23) Cruz, Keila Fernanda de Souza; Mendes, Glauco Henrique de Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7564259060572565; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1700079537622955
Towards the academic libraries to remain relevant to their users and to fulfill their role as information centers in universities, they need to innovate to create services that meet these needs. Innovation enables libraries to create new services or enhance existing services for their user communities. However, innovation is a complex process and several factors can influence or inhibit the innovation process in libraries. This paper aims to characterize the innovations developed by academic libraries (belonging to federal and state universities in Brazil) and the factors that influence them. Thus, it seeks to identify the antecedent and consequent factors of library innovation. To achieve the objectives, the survey research was adopted. Therefore, it is a research with quantitative approach. The execution was performed in three stages: i) the bibliographic research for the theoretical foundation about the process of innovation in services and innovation in libraries; ii) the survey for data collection and iii) data treatment and analysis. For data collection, an electronic questionnaire was sent by email to the library directors of 98 public universities (63 federal and 35 state). At the end, we obtained a sample composed of 151 respondents. For data analysis, two approaches were used. The first was based on descriptive statistics, while the second corresponded to the application of the Structural Equation Modeling technique. The results made it possible to characterize the innovations developed by the libraries. Despite the creation of innovative services, most libraries implement minor adaptations and improved versions of existing services, indicating the predominance of incremental innovations. As for influencing factors, Leadership, Culture and Climate, and Role of Servers and Co-creation are important antecedents and innovation in libraries. On the other hand, factors such as process and resources have less influence. The results also indicate that co-creation, especially of frontline servers, is an important predictor of innovation. Library managers can use research findings to increase the effectiveness of innovation processes. As a consequence, the results indicate the contribution of innovations in improving the image and satisfaction of library users. Finally, limitations and perspectives for future work are presented at the end of this research
Organização de controle social na transição agroecológica do assentamento Pirituba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-23) Silva, Fabiana Fagundes da; Lopes, Paulo Rogério; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0354540389206559; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9526540599364573
The statutory participatory certification mechanism meets the expectations of a historical process of organic farming. The Organization and Social Control (OCS) is a tool that helps in the processes of agroecological transition, considered an advance for the development of agroecology in Brazil. In this sense, we seek to analyze the process of organic recognition through the OCS, noting its contribution to promote an agroecological transition from the redesign of agroecosystems in agrarian reform areas. The critical points of the process were applied based on the perception of the farmers, trying to understand how they create mechanisms to increase the sustainability of production systems. The methodology used was a Participating Action Research, and the investigation took place at OCS Agrovida linked to family groups in the Pirituba II Agrovilas I, V and VI Settlement in the southwest of Sao Paulo State. We consider that the economical perspective made significant progress towards processes of organic recognition of the agroecosystems. Finally, we conclude that the OCS and its socio-environmental tool allow us to visualize the challenges and actions for an agroecological transition starting with the redesigning of agroecosystems from collective perceptions.