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Viajantes do tempo: imigrantes-refugiadas, saúde mental, cultura e racismo na cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27) Branco-Pereira, Alexandre; Machado, Igor José de Renó; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7792596762903794
This is an ethnography of immigrant-refugees that live or lived in the city of São Paulo which intends to describe the experiences of immigration-refuge in the city. Addressing the processes of consideration of immigration-refuge as a monolithic block, peripheralization and access or not to the city, the experience of racism and the diverse and dynamic hierarchies of alterities formulated by mechanisms of reception and integration / assimilation architected by the State and by supra-state organisms, I argue that unassimilable immigrants-refugees in Brazil go through processes designed to carry out a "temporal update" of cultures and minds considered pre-modern. Unassimilable, because are included by exclusion, are therefore time travelers, originating from the past, not cohabiting present time with modern ones. The perspective from mental health services specialized in immigrants-refugees becomes a privileged locus for apprehending and examining such logics. I also argue that the logic imposed by humanitarianism-gift, a relationship of reciprocity not necessarily altruistic between welfare services and immigrants-refugees, becomes a place of exchanges and dialogues only imagined, projecting on the latters an avocality that, coupled with the equivalences made between them and deafs, demonstrate that deafness in this context is more an incapacity of being heard than to hear. In addition, it shows that the curse of tolerance (Stengers, 2011) divides the world, under the perspectives of reception and integration / assimilation services, between those who believe and those who know, a logic that goes transversally through the mechanisms of "temporal updating" from immigrantsrefugees’ (and any others considered pre-modern) cultures and minds. Finally, I describe how the settlement of this scenario by anthropologists and anthropology can take place, advocating in favor of upholding anthropology as a tool for the production of data and care and, above all, for diplomatic mediation between worlds
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos de preparo de amostras de difícil mineralização para análise direta por laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27) Sperança, Marco Aurelio; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905694821382851
This doctoral thesis proposes sample preparation combined with the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analysis of difficult-to-mineralize samples focusing on the analytical development of LIBS as well as for the development of sample preparation for the technique. The LIBS technique consists of focusing a laser pulse with high fluence (> GW s-1) under the surface of a sample. Following the incidence of this laser pulse, atoms are vaporized, atomized, ionized and brought into an excited energy state. When atoms and ions return to their lowest energy levels, they release photons of specific wavelengths that are translated into the electromagnetic spectrum. The technique has inherent challenges in the analysis of solid samples, which are mostly its applications, such as microheterogeneity and high limits of detection (LOD). Although the technique has great ability in solid sample analysis, it can also be used for liquid sample analysis, however, some specific problems arise, such as sample splashing with laser pulse impact and low reproducibility, and sample preparation can help minimize them. As goal, the present thesis focuses on the development of sample preparation of nickel ores, solder masks and sunscreens for analysis of elements of interest in each of the presented samples. The strategy for the analysis of nickel ore and sunscreen samples consisted of converting the matrix of liquid to solid in order to minimize the problems inherent to liquid analysis by LIBS. For this, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a water-soluble polymer, was used. For solder masks, the samples were completely dried on glass support for further analysis. Chemometric tools were used during the work to aid in data processing (normalization), exploratory analysis (PCA (principal component analysis)) and univariate and multivariate calibration (PCR (principal component regression), PLS (partial least squares), MLR (multiple linear regression)).
Biodegradação do pesticida piretroide gama-cialotrina por fungos da Gruta do Catao
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27) Rigolin, Fábio Rocha; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1304751417766330
The contamination of agricultural lands by pesticides, their overuse and toxicity to many non-target organisms cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, the development of bioremediation methods for distinct active ingredients, such as pyrethroids, is primordial. In this work, the biodegradation of gamma-cyhalothrin (GCH) by fungi from the cave Gruta do Catão was investigated. Experiments were conducted with different fungi strains (Aspergillus ustus CBMAI 1894, Talaromyces brunneus CBMAI 1895 and Aspergillus sp. CBMAI 1926) in 2% Malt liquid medium with 300 mg L-1 of GCH in triplicate employing a validated method. All strains biodegraded this insecticide and the most efficient was Aspergillus ustus with a degradation rate of approximately 50% of the initial GCH concentration in 21 days of experiment. We also conducted an experimental design testing three variables: temperature (25-35 degrees), pH (5,5– 8,5) and pesticide concentration (50-550 mg L-1) being the temperature and pesticide concentration were those that most influenced the biodegradation. So, we concluded that cave fungi biodegraded GCH and can be employed in future studies for enzymatic characterization and bioremediation of contaminated environments.
Aspectos de caráter crítico-social no curso técnico em administração integrado ao ensino médio: um estudo de caso a partir dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso dos estudantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27) Martins, Reginaldo Marcos; Nascimento, Fabrício do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3496410597486943; Fernandes, Hylio Laganá; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3340799382482974
The technical-vocational education is historically analyzed as promoter of an education that envisages essentially to lead the subjects to the development of professional competences to meet the demands of the labor market, being politically used for the maintenance of the capitalist economic order. This qualitative research (BODGAN and BIKLEN, 1994; CHIZZOTTI, 2003; CRESWELL, 2010) sought, through a case study (YIN, 2001; GIL, 2002), to analyze the critical aspects and social concerns present. in the course conclusion works (TCC) of students graduating from the Technical Course in Integrated Administration to High School of ETEC de Piedade (SP). The possible influences of the educative practices of teachers of this course, which present critical biases (SAVIANI, 2012; FRIGOTTO, CIAVATA and RAMOS, 2012), on the formation of these students are analyzed. The research data inherent to the course teachers were obtained through interviews, through a script of semi-structured questions (POUPART, 2014). Regarding the students, the research data were obtained through thorough reading of their CBT and conversations conducted through discussion groups (WELLER, 2013). The data obtained indicate that the thematic choices and the development of the students' TCC present significant influences of the subjects of human, political and social formation offered within the Technical Management course, as well as the organizational culture of ETEC de Piedade. These aspects were analyzed according to the assumptions of the Historical-Critical Pedagogy (SAVIANI, 2012; FRIGOTTO, 2012), considering the contradictions between the professional training assumptions of the Administrator and the training offered to students within the scope of ETEC de Piedade. In the Technical Course of Administration of this institution, educational situations are perceived that characterize resistances to the capitalist logic (HILL, 2003) and possibilities of offering a human and citizen formation, which overcomes the essentially technical bias inherent in the technical-vocational courses.
Programas físico-esportivos para pessoas com deficiência: propostas e experiências no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27) Andrade, Andresa Caravage de; Oliver, Fátima Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3468360233583819
The purpose of this study is to discuss about the possibilities of participation for people with disabilities in physical-sports programs developed in the state of São Paulo. For this intent, were selected the cities chosen by the Brazilian Federal Government in 2013 to receive the Sports Initiation Centers (CIEs). Initially, was carried out a documentary research in the proposed letters of the 56 cities with the CIE in state of São Paulo, consultation and analysis in legislative documents and public data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in the survey of sport profile of the Brazilian states and municipalities, in order to understand the organization of sports management in Brazil. In addition, the para-athlete’s profiles who participated in the School Paralympics Games and the São Paulo Regional Games in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were also analyzed. It was observed that actions, projects and programs for people with disabilities are present in all sporting dimensions, that sports and rights councils for people with disabilities are infrequent and very few active – and they are unable to influence the sport policies of the sector, and the fact that there is predominant participation of physically disabled men in Paralympics sporting competitions. In the field research were interviewed the managers of the State Secretariat of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Sport State Secretariat and the Brazilian Paralympic Committee. The municipalities of Barueri, Campinas and Jundiaí were chosen for local managers interviews and for a brief observation of the identified programs. The selected cities have different management ways in the sport area: through the resources transfer to associations, partnership with the Municipal Secretariat of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities or by the Sport Municipal Secretariat itself. The managers highlighted the post-event resource's reduction for sports, the public system bureaucracy, the lack of adequate sports structures, the Brazilian clubs-centered sports model, sport as way to social insertion, the value of articulation and partnerships mainly with universities, as well the professional qualification and the experiences exchange between neighboring municipalities. Given the limitations and possibilities of sports management, from the managers and local experiences, it's hoped that data can be extrapolated to understand similar realities.
Avaliação na educação infantil: sentidos atribuídos por professores na creche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27) Gava, Fabiana Goveia; Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547200928033317
This study aims to acknowledge the assigned directions by the teachers who work in daycare centers about early childhood educational assessment from the historical political context of the implementation of the “Guidelines for pedagogical studies in early childhood education in Sorocaba municipal network” (SOROCABA, 2016b). As targeted directions were: to get to know the challenges asserted by the teachers about the evaluation in the kindergarten by the guidelines of the Secretariat of Education; identify it by interviewing teachers what are their methodology on monitoring and develop children’s learning tools and their relationship to assessment and the educators' perceptions of such tools , and investigate how educators understand continuing education in the strategy implementation process. For this, an adopted research used theoretical-methodological references or historical-dialectical materialist and the perspective of historical-cultural theory, specifically, on the concept adopted in Vigotski (2008) and had the participation of four teachers from a public daycare center. Having as methodological strategies: participant observation with records in field diary, semi-structured interviews and documentary consultation. As results pointed out were that: a) an assessment in early childhood education is aimed at monitoring the child's learning and development focusing on behavioral and attitudinal issues and also allows teachers to (re) think their pedagogical practices, as well as revealed that the planning is based on teaching experiences and centered on the expectations of adults on children; b) the existence of various difficulties at school, such as precarious working conditions, high number of children in the classroom, performance of professionals with different backgrounds, teacher insecurity in reporting the children’s difficulties in the report, among other aspects; and c) the discontinuity of continuing education provision and the lack of a training policy that meets the educators’ needs. It is argued that continuing education is guaranteed and built collectively with teachers who work with children, seeking the (re) construction of evaluative practices that respect children as historical characters and their rights; It is also suggested that institutional evaluation be strengthened through greater participation by the families and the school community in order to foster democratic participatory processes on how improving the quality of public schools.