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Viajantes do tempo: imigrantes-refugiadas, saúde mental, cultura e racismo na cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Branco-Pereira, Alexandre
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7792596762903794
This is an ethnography of immigrant-refugees that live or lived in the city of São Paulo which intends to describe the experiences of immigration-refuge in the city. Addressing the processes of consideration of immigration-refuge as a monolithic block, peripheralization and access or not to the city, the experience of racism and the diverse and dynamic hierarchies of alterities formulated by mechanisms of reception and integration / assimilation architected by the State and by supra-state organisms, I argue that unassimilable immigrants-refugees in Brazil go through processes designed to carry out a "temporal update" of cultures and minds considered pre-modern. Unassimilable, because are included by exclusion, are therefore time travelers, originating from the past, not cohabiting present time with modern ones. The perspective from mental health services specialized in immigrants-refugees becomes a privileged locus for apprehending and examining such logics. I also argue that the logic imposed by humanitarianism-gift, a relationship of reciprocity not necessarily altruistic between welfare services and immigrants-refugees, becomes a place of exchanges and dialogues only imagined, projecting on the latters an avocality that, coupled with the equivalences made between them and deafs, demonstrate that deafness in this context is more an incapacity of being heard than to hear. In addition, it shows that the curse of tolerance (Stengers, 2011) divides the world, under the perspectives of reception and integration / assimilation services, between those who believe and those who know, a logic that goes transversally through the mechanisms of "temporal updating" from immigrantsrefugees’ (and any others considered pre-modern) cultures and minds. Finally, I describe how the settlement of this scenario by anthropologists and anthropology can take place, advocating in favor of upholding anthropology as a tool for the production of data and care and, above all, for diplomatic mediation between worlds
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos de preparo de amostras de difícil mineralização para análise direta por laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Sperança, Marco Aurelio
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905694821382851
This doctoral thesis proposes sample preparation combined with the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analysis of difficult-to-mineralize samples focusing on the analytical development of LIBS as well as for the development of sample preparation for the technique. The LIBS technique consists of focusing a laser pulse with high fluence (> GW s-1) under the surface of a sample. Following the incidence of this laser pulse, atoms are vaporized, atomized, ionized and brought into an excited energy state. When atoms and ions return to their lowest energy levels, they release photons of specific wavelengths that are translated into the electromagnetic spectrum. The technique has inherent challenges in the analysis of solid samples, which are mostly its applications, such as microheterogeneity and high limits of detection (LOD). Although the technique has great ability in solid sample analysis, it can also be used for liquid sample analysis, however, some specific problems arise, such as sample splashing with laser pulse impact and low reproducibility, and sample preparation can help minimize them. As goal, the present thesis focuses on the development of sample preparation of nickel ores, solder masks and sunscreens for analysis of elements of interest in each of the presented samples. The strategy for the analysis of nickel ore and sunscreen samples consisted of converting the matrix of liquid to solid in order to minimize the problems inherent to liquid analysis by LIBS. For this, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a water-soluble polymer, was used. For solder masks, the samples were completely dried on glass support for further analysis. Chemometric tools were used during the work to aid in data processing (normalization), exploratory analysis (PCA (principal component analysis)) and univariate and multivariate calibration (PCR (principal component regression), PLS (partial least squares), MLR (multiple linear regression)).
Biodegradação do pesticida piretroide gama-cialotrina por fungos da Gruta do Catao
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Rigolin, Fábio Rocha
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1304751417766330
The contamination of agricultural lands by pesticides, their overuse and toxicity to many non-target organisms cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, the development of bioremediation methods for distinct active ingredients, such as pyrethroids, is primordial. In this work, the biodegradation of gamma-cyhalothrin (GCH) by fungi from the cave Gruta do Catão was investigated. Experiments were conducted with different fungi strains (Aspergillus ustus CBMAI 1894, Talaromyces brunneus CBMAI 1895 and Aspergillus sp. CBMAI 1926) in 2% Malt liquid medium with 300 mg L-1 of GCH in triplicate employing a validated method. All strains biodegraded this insecticide and the most efficient was Aspergillus ustus with a degradation rate of approximately 50% of the initial GCH concentration in 21 days of experiment. We also conducted an experimental design testing three variables: temperature (25-35 degrees), pH (5,5– 8,5) and pesticide concentration (50-550 mg L-1) being the temperature and pesticide concentration were those that most influenced the biodegradation. So, we concluded that cave fungi biodegraded GCH and can be employed in future studies for enzymatic characterization and bioremediation of contaminated environments.
Aspectos de caráter crítico-social no curso técnico em administração integrado ao ensino médio: um estudo de caso a partir dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso dos estudantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Martins, Reginaldo Marcos
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Nascimento, Fabrício do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3496410597486943
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
The technical-vocational education is historically analyzed as promoter of an education that envisages essentially to lead the subjects to the development of professional competences to meet the demands of the labor market, being politically used for the maintenance of the capitalist economic order. This qualitative research (BODGAN and BIKLEN, 1994; CHIZZOTTI, 2003; CRESWELL, 2010) sought, through a case study (YIN, 2001; GIL, 2002), to analyze the critical aspects and social concerns present. in the course conclusion works (TCC) of students graduating from the Technical Course in Integrated Administration to High School of ETEC de Piedade (SP). The possible influences of the educative practices of teachers of this course, which present critical biases (SAVIANI, 2012; FRIGOTTO, CIAVATA and RAMOS, 2012), on the formation of these students are analyzed. The research data inherent to the course teachers were obtained through interviews, through a script of semi-structured questions (POUPART, 2014). Regarding the students, the research data were obtained through thorough reading of their CBT and conversations conducted through discussion groups (WELLER, 2013). The data obtained indicate that the thematic choices and the development of the students' TCC present significant influences of the subjects of human, political and social formation offered within the Technical Management course, as well as the organizational culture of ETEC de Piedade. These aspects were analyzed according to the assumptions of the Historical-Critical Pedagogy (SAVIANI, 2012; FRIGOTTO, 2012), considering the contradictions between the professional training assumptions of the Administrator and the training offered to students within the scope of ETEC de Piedade. In the Technical Course of Administration of this institution, educational situations are perceived that characterize resistances to the capitalist logic (HILL, 2003) and possibilities of offering a human and citizen formation, which overcomes the essentially technical bias inherent in the technical-vocational courses.
Programas físico-esportivos para pessoas com deficiência: propostas e experiências no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Andrade, Andresa Caravage de
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Oliver, Fátima Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3468360233583819
The purpose of this study is to discuss about the possibilities of participation for people with disabilities in physical-sports programs developed in the state of São Paulo. For this intent, were selected the cities chosen by the Brazilian Federal Government in 2013 to receive the Sports Initiation Centers (CIEs). Initially, was carried out a documentary research in the proposed letters of the 56 cities with the CIE in state of São Paulo, consultation and analysis in legislative documents and public data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in the survey of sport profile of the Brazilian states and municipalities, in order to understand the organization of sports management in Brazil. In addition, the para-athlete’s profiles who participated in the School Paralympics Games and the São Paulo Regional Games in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were also analyzed. It was observed that actions, projects and programs for people with disabilities are present in all sporting dimensions, that sports and rights councils for people with disabilities are infrequent and very few active – and they are unable to influence the sport policies of the sector, and the fact that there is predominant participation of physically disabled men in Paralympics sporting competitions. In the field research were interviewed the managers of the State Secretariat of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Sport State Secretariat and the Brazilian Paralympic Committee. The municipalities of Barueri, Campinas and Jundiaí were chosen for local managers interviews and for a brief observation of the identified programs. The selected cities have different management ways in the sport area: through the resources transfer to associations, partnership with the Municipal Secretariat of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities or by the Sport Municipal Secretariat itself. The managers highlighted the post-event resource's reduction for sports, the public system bureaucracy, the lack of adequate sports structures, the Brazilian clubs-centered sports model, sport as way to social insertion, the value of articulation and partnerships mainly with universities, as well the professional qualification and the experiences exchange between neighboring municipalities. Given the limitations and possibilities of sports management, from the managers and local experiences, it's hoped that data can be extrapolated to understand similar realities.
Avaliação na educação infantil: sentidos atribuídos por professores na creche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-27)
Gava, Fabiana Goveia
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Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547200928033317
This study aims to acknowledge the assigned directions by the teachers who work in daycare centers about early childhood educational assessment from the historical political context of the implementation of the “Guidelines for pedagogical studies in early childhood education in Sorocaba municipal network” (SOROCABA, 2016b). As targeted directions were: to get to know the challenges asserted by the teachers about the evaluation in the kindergarten by the guidelines of the Secretariat of Education; identify it by interviewing teachers what are their methodology on monitoring and develop children’s learning tools and their relationship to assessment and the educators' perceptions of such tools , and investigate how educators understand continuing education in the strategy implementation process. For this, an adopted research used theoretical-methodological references or historical-dialectical materialist and the perspective of historical-cultural theory, specifically, on the concept adopted in Vigotski (2008) and had the participation of four teachers from a public daycare center. Having as methodological strategies: participant observation with records in field diary, semi-structured interviews and documentary consultation. As results pointed out were that: a) an assessment in early childhood education is aimed at monitoring the child's learning and development focusing on behavioral and attitudinal issues and also allows teachers to (re) think their pedagogical practices, as well as revealed that the planning is based on teaching experiences and centered on the expectations of adults on children; b) the existence of various difficulties at school, such as precarious working conditions, high number of children in the classroom, performance of professionals with different backgrounds, teacher insecurity in reporting the children’s difficulties in the report, among other aspects; and c) the discontinuity of continuing education provision and the lack of a training policy that meets the educators’ needs. It is argued that continuing education is guaranteed and built collectively with teachers who work with children, seeking the (re) construction of evaluative practices that respect children as historical characters and their rights; It is also suggested that institutional evaluation be strengthened through greater participation by the families and the school community in order to foster democratic participatory processes on how improving the quality of public schools.
Efeitos da Sulpirida e do Haloperidol na expressão e extinção do medo condicionado à luz e ao contexto em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-28)
Vita, Vivian Maria de
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Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1879561059105706
Evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is one of the most active neuromodulators in mechanisms underlying states of fear and anxiety. More specifically, during the exposure to aversive conditioned stimuli, there is an increase in the release of DA from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to structures such as the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) and nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, results point to a greater involvement of the D2-type DA receptors in conditioned fear expression, since both the administration of the D2 agonist, quinpirole, and the D2 antagonist, sulpiride, cause a significant reduction of conditioned freezing with the action of the drugs in VTA and BLA receptors, respectively. Thus, the general objective of this study is to broaden the evaluation of the effects of D2 receptor blockade in rats on the expression and extinction of conditioned fear. We aim to replicate the previous findings regarding the effects of sulpiride on decreasing the expression of conditioned fear, to test the hypothesis that haloperidol - a D2 antagonist widely used in clinical settings to control symptoms of the acute phase of schizophrenia - would present similar effects to sulpiride, and to extend the characterization of the involvement of DA in conditioned fear by evaluating the effects of these two drugs on extinction processes. For this, 146 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 300 g were used. The animals were trained to the context or to the light (conditioned stimulus) using footshocks as an unconditioned aversive stimulus. After 24 hours, the rats received intraperitoneal administration of drug (sulpiride or haloperidol) or vehicle and they were exposed to the context or the light for evaluation of the freezing response (test). After another 24 hours, the same animals were submitted to a retest, to evaluate the retention of extinction. For control of possible adverse motor effects, catalepsy and open field tests were performed. As expected, sulpiride decreased the freezing response in the test for both context and light conditioned fear. No motor impairment was observed in the catalepsy or open field tests with sulpiride administration. The administration of haloperidol did not cause significant effects on the expression or extinction of the context or light conditioned fear, although a clear tendency to decrease the freezing in the test was observed. On the other hand, in general, haloperidol induced catalepsy and impaired motor activity in the open field. Therefore, we reproduce the previous findings for sulpiride in decreasing freezing in the conditioned fear test. In addition, we have shown similar effects for haloperidol in the test (although not statistically significant), reinforcing the idea of D2 receptor involvement in conditioned fear expression.
O trabalho docente com adolescentes privados de liberdade: sentidos de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-28)
Costa Junior, Antonio David
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Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7837053336801303
This research aimed to investigate the meanings attributed by teachers of a CASA Foundation Unit, the challenges and the difficulties presented in the teaching work in this context. The specific objectives of this work were: a) the reasons for entering and staying in this context; b) know the challenges pointed out by teachers in their educational practices; c) identify teachers' meanings and expectations regarding pedagogical work with adolescents deprived of liberty and resocialization; d) teachers' senses about initial and / or continuing education; e) teachers' knowledge about guiding documents, resolutions and regulations for the Unit. Five teachers from the institution participated in this study and the methodological strategies used were document analysis, participant observation with field diary records and semi-structured interviews. The results obtained indicated that: a) there was a lack of knowledge of teachers about the context and dynamics of Foundation Casa when they started teaching at the unit and that the need to get more hours of pedagogical work is an aspect related to the permanence in b) the challenges and difficulties pointed out by the teachers included the lack of specific pedagogical material, the school gap, student turnover and medicalization, the safety routine and the conflicting relationship with the foundation's agents; c) some teachers signaled the importance of the educational process in the resocialization of adolescents and pointed to the lack or ineffectiveness of public policies aimed at graduates of the system as a complicating process of resocialization; d) initial training does not provide information about the work in this specific context and continuing education was seen as lacking or nonexistent for acting in the context; e) the teachers were aware of the rules and guidelines about the work at the foundation, but did not have more detailed knowledge about it. It is discussed the importance of the teacher to know the reality of hospitalized adolescents and act in the sense that their practices can contribute to their resocialization, also seeking to strengthen themselves as educators in this context.
Avaliação da emergência de intraverbais em crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo, após o ensino de tato e de discriminações condicionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-28)
Caixeta, Luiza Magalhães
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5408448239593680
Verbal behavior, conceived as operant behavior, can be classified according to its functions. Among verbal operants, two types, tact and intraverbal, are essential in the development and enhancement of communication skills. Among verbal operants, two types, tact and intraverbal, are essential in the development and enhancement of communication skills, so systematically assessing the effect of tact (item and category) teaching and listener relationship teaching. (of items and categories), in the emergence of intraverbal responses becomes relevant both to advance knowledge about the learning processes of these repertoires, and to plan interventions with the purpose of increasing and improving the verbal behavior of individuals diagnosed with ASD. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of teaching some conditional discriminations (listener repertoire) and tact (speaker repertoire) on the emergence of intraverbal responses in children diagnosed with ASD. Relations between nonverbal stimuli and the names of pictures and between nonverbal stimuli and the names of categories were taught by two procedures: pairing with the auditory-visual matching-to-sample (MTS) model (listener) and transferring vocal response modeling under simultaneous control of stimulus composed by the nonverbal stimulus (the picture) and its spoken name (speaker). Emergence probes of intraverbal response (controlled by questions which had the names of the item or the category as answers) were conducted before, throughout and at the end of the teaching phases. The connections directly taught were learned by all four participants, but no participant demonstrated the emergence of intraverbals, neither after the tact teaching nor after the MTS teaching, nor after both. However, direct teaching of intraverbal for pictures and categories was successful with three of the participants and may have been benefited from prior learning that included the same response components, but with different functions. Successive probes played an important role in monitoring target behaviors.
Estudo microestrutural dos contornos de grão em estágio inicial de formação no sistema cerâmico ZnO-Bi2O3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-28)
Martinho, Marcelo Antonio Donizetti
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Cordeiro, Marco Aurélio Liutheviciene
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787678071396324
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
Polycrystalline materials have solid-solid interfaces known as grain boundary. These interfaces have long been treated as just a region of defects between the crystals (grains), but recent studies have shown that such interfaces have a major influence on material properties. With the advancement of technology, experimental and theoretical studies about grain boundaries have shown that such interfaces can have their own structures, called complexions, and phase changes among themselves, altering the properties and behavior of the material. Such studies lead to an objective that is to superimpose a phase diagram of grain boundary structures to a bulk phase diagram, which could provide a refined control of material properties by controlling composition, temperature and sintering conditions. However, the study of complexions is new and incomplete because there is not a large amount of studies on this phenomenon and one area developed for understanding grain boundaries is grain contour engineering. The study carried out in this work aimed at the visualization and understanding of the process of segregation in interface and the consequent formation of early stage complexions in the ZnO / Bi2O3 system, widely used in varistors. For this purpose, two processes were used: the preparation of samples with the selection of the work area with the focused ion beam (FIB) technique and the subsequent visualization of the grain outlines and their respective phenomena and structures by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where it was possible to visualize grain boundary structures already described in the literature and to prove the more complex phase transitions between complexions and nucleation, including nucleation of complexions outside the interface.
Entrelaçando pontos – de fora para dentro, de dentro para fora: ação e formação da terapia ocupacional social na escola pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-28)
Pan, Livia Celegati
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0693096333786616
Occupational therapy has produced knowledge and practices about/in schools from different perspectives, one of them focuses on the demands arising from the social issue, pioneered in the Brazilian scenario by METUIA/UFSCar. The group brings together researchers, professors, professionals and graduate and undergraduate students and has been dedicating, since its inception, to teaching and research in social occupational therapy, involving occupational-therapeutic interventions aimed at populations in social vulnerability, particularly young people from urban popular groups, through university extension. The work presented here sought to understand what was produced by METUIA/UFSCar in its teaching, research and extension proposals in the public schools, in relation with this institution and about it and, equally, what results can be inferred from these actions, covering a period that begins in 1998 and runs until 2017. For the accomplishment of the study, besides the composition of the theoretical referential for the analysis in the scope of the Basic Education and the social occupational therapy in Brazil, it was held a survey of bibliographic productions concerning the school, of extension projects developed by the group in public schools and in relation with it, of the professionals who acted as occupational therapists in these projects and of students who have gone through professional internships in METUIA/UFSCar. The set of results was composed by: - 45 bibliographic productions: three research reports, two doctoral theses, six master's dissertations, nine scientific initiation reports, eight book chapters and 17 texts in journals, including research articles, experience reports and essays; - final reports of 16 extension projects; - interviews with 10 occupational therapists who worked for METUIA/UFSCar in the public school; - 42 questionnaires answered by former undergraduate students who went through a professional internship with METUIA/UFSCar and interviews with seven of these ex-students. The analysis of the results allows considerations in the sense of a proposition of action and formation of social occupational therapy in the public school that is in line with a proposal of radical Inclusive Education that intertwining actions that deal with the care of poor adolescents and young people and theirs possible supportive social networks, is done “from the outside in, from the inside out”. This methodology involves the use of social technologies of social occupational therapy: Activity Workshops, Dynamics and Projects, Individual and Territorial Follow-up; Articulation of Resources in the Social Field; and Dynamization of the Social Care Network, as well as four dimensions that permeate them: Handling Conflict, Sensitivity for Working with Adolescents and Youth, Project Management and Care Production. It is concluded that this set of productions points out important demands to be worked by occupational therapists in their practices, beyond those already traditionally placed in the scope of disabilities and global developmental disorders, problematizing its contribution to the Basic Education in Brazil that persists with marked social inequality in the XXI century.
Proposta de gestão local de redes sociotécnicas: estratégia para implantação de Cidades Inteligentes e Humanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-28)
Martinelli, Marcos Alberto
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3780002007437995
The Science, Technology, and Innovation (ST&I) triad is considered to be the engine of economic growth and, in the Brazilian case, the easing of national policies for ST&I allows sub national regions (states and municipalities) to recognize institutionally their local innovation system. Given the advancement of information and communication technologies, the innovation ecosystem is configured as a sociology-technical network whose assets can be distributed locally, regionally, nationally or internationally, surpassing zone-based development models, clusters and other forms of production arrangements inspired in English industrial districts. Sustainable local development is necessary for large and medium-sized cities because they face two globalized phenomena: population growth and the concentration of people in urban centers. These phenomena create additional challenges for managers and impose the intelligent use of the city and its resources, focusing on the citizen. The search for efficiency in Smart and Human City (SHC) justifies the interest in technological solutions that support the digital transformation of society. The general objective of this work is to propose a strategy of local management of sociology-technical networks to foster the implementation of SHC. To this end, research was conducted with medium and large cities in Brazil using various research methods (exploratory-descriptive, survey-research and participant-research) that converged to the results that indicated: the growth of municipal insertion in the national agenda ST&I; confirmation of the interest of Brazilian medium-sized cities in the implementation of SHC (or related nomenclatures) and; the institutional dependence on an effective social and technological network committed to the concept of SHC. The use of social technologies based on studies in the Science, Technology, and Society (STS) is also recommended, especially the notion of Collective Intelligence and Actor-Network Theory (ANT), given the complex nature of a distributed network. The theoretical foundations are important to understand the translation of interests between stakeholders, which motivates and stimulates the development of the sociology-technical network. ANT seeks to better understand and explain the hybrid (social and technological) interactions that make it possible to stabilize and disseminate technical-scientific advances that influence behavior and life in society, which can result in a smarter, more human city.
Modelo geométrico de ordem k correlacionado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Souza, Roberta de
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1778472331663673
In this work we propose the correlated geometric distribution of order k, k≥1, with parameters π and ρ; π ∈(0,1), max{−1,−1−π π } ≤ρ < 1, as an extension of the generalized geometric distribution proposed by Philippou e Muwaﬁ (1980) and considering the ideas of Kolev, Minkova e Neytchev (2000) for generalizations of discrete distributions by including an additional parameter ρ. Thus, it is also a re-reading of the geometric distribution of order k by Aki e Hirano (1993). Some properties of the proposed distribution are presented. Regression models are developed using classical and Bayesian estimation methods. Simulated data studies show the behavior of the distributions and some properties of the estimators. The main motivation in this research, besides contribute to generalizations of discrete distributions, is to propose na alternative analysis and even more suitable for real data, since the effect of the individual correlation is taken into account through the existence of the parameter. The ﬁtted models are evaluated and the residual analysis and diagnosis of inﬂuence or divergence are also presented.
Estudo sobre acesso e permanência no mercado de trabalho de pessoas com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Borges, Karla Janaine de Moraes
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Tannús-Valadão, Gabriela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0248341559503184
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648
The inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in the labor market, according to official data, has increased in recent years. Compared to other people with disabilities, people with intellectual disabilities are less hired. In Brazil, the Federal Constitution, the Quota Law, the Apprentice Law and the Brazilian Inclusion Law (Statute of Persons with Disabilities) guarantee this public access to formal work. However, there are obstacles for them to insert and stay at work. In the case of people with intellectual disabilities, low levels of education, skills and productivity as well as dependence on support are among the difficulties claimed by companies. However, there are people who have been able to stay at work, and it is important to know how this experience has been. Therefore, this study aims to know and analyze behaviors and attitudes of people with intellectual disabilities, their legal guardian, leaders and teachers of qualification courses for insertion and permanence in the labor market. The research instruments were four semi-structured interview scripts, being one for each group of participants: person with intellectual disability, parents / legal guardians, leaders and teachers of the qualification courses. It was also applied to legal guardians and people with intellectual disabilities, the Support Intensity Scale - SIS. The data analysis of the interviews was qualitative, using the software ATLAS.ti and, quantitative, for the SIS Support Intensity Scale. The results showed that people with intellectual disabilities developed behaviors and attitudes throughout their lives, which were improved by inserting themselves in companies, and that, in turn, favored the development of their autonomy, contributing to their insertion and maintenance of employment. The legal guardians encouraged these people, the leaders developed strategies to adapt the work role to the person with intellectual disability and the teachers pointed out that there is a need for course adaptations to meet the demands of people with disabilities and companies. This research has shown that people with intellectual disabilities can succeed in entering and maintaining their jobs if they can develop behaviors, attitudes and autonomy to meet the needs imposed by work. It is hoped that this study can contribute to Special Education in the development of teaching programs for people with intellectual disabilities with proposals for lifelong learning, as well as for the guidance of legal guardians, leaders and qualification courses for insertion in the labor market.
Mountain ranges and geographical isolation increase bird taxonomic but not phylogenetic beta diversity in the megadiverse Paramo ecosystems
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Anaguano, Edna Viviana Calpa
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Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543094930527221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4187154996677923
Understanding present-day biodiversity of Neotropical mountain regions requires knowledge of its historical and ecological conditions. We evaluated how Andean uplift, Quaternary climatic oscillations, current climate, and geographical isolation are associated to the spatial distribution of taxonomic and bird phylogenetic beta (β) diversity in the Paramo ecosystems in the Andes mountains in southwestern Colombia. Using point occurrence data for 175 bird species recorded in 11 Paramos, we calculated taxonomic β-diversity (TβD) using Simpson index, and phylogenetic β-diversity (PβD) using PhyloSorturn. We made a lineage through time (LLT) plot to evaluate the association between bird species richness and the final phase of Andean uplift and Quaternary climatic oscillations. We also used a model selection procedure with Generalized Linear Models to generate competing models that explain the variation in TβD and PβD distributions. Two thirds of the bird species in the Paramo ecosystems are recent and emerged after the late Miocene/early Pliocene. The average taxonomic β-diversity was four times higher than the average phylogenetic β-diversity indicating that Paramo assemblages are harboring different bird species, but they are closely related (e.g., same genera). Furthermore, places with high altitudinal range difference and geographically isolated had higher taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity than Paramos with similar altitudinal ranges and close to each other. The final phase of the Andes uplift impacted avian speciation in the Paramo ecosystem, reflecting in high values of taxonomic β-diversity, but not phylogenetic β-diversity. The Quaternary climatic oscillations might have facilitated bird dispersal between close localities contributing to the association of TβD and PβD to geographical isolation (e.g. distance decay of similarity). Our results demonstrated that the integration of different facets of β-diversity into a community ecology framework provides new insights to understand historical and ecological factors responsible for generating patterns of species distribution.
Reabilitação psicossocial e atenção psicossocial: identificando concepções teóricas e práticas no contexto da assistência em saúde mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Morato, Giovana Garcia
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Lussi, Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8121264125922144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2928616003881655
The Psychosocial Rehabilitation proposal presented by Benedetto Saraceno has influenced transformations in the field of mental health in Brazil, and discussions about this conception started in the late 1980s. In the country, the concept of rehabilitation has changed under the influence of the Psychiatric Reform movement, and the creation of substitute services to the hospital care services. Among the theoretical-practical formulations produced, we highlight the studies by Costa-Rosa and collaborators on Psychosocial Care. Psychosocial Care is registered in the field of mental health, constituting and seeking to respond to the guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS), standing out as a public policy of the Ministry of Health in Brazil. The present study aimed at understanding and analyzing the theoretical and practical conceptions about Psychosocial Care and Psychosocial Rehabilitation that have been contributing to the current formation of the field of mental health care in Brazil. This is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach consisting of a deep theoretical - reflexive study and a field study. A total of 19 higher education professionals working in CAPS III (6 in total) that make up the mental health network of a municipality in the state of São Paulo participated in this research. For data collection we used Forms to characterize participants and CAPS III and two Roadmaps for conducting the Focus Groups, one Focus Group consisting only of Occupational Therapists and another consisting of distinguished professionals of higher level. Data from the forms were analyzed descriptively and those from the focus groups were submitted to the Thematic Analysis Technique. The time of existence of CAPS III ranged from 14 to 22 years, the territorial area covered by them ranged from 145,000 to 490,000 total population and the number of professionals in the teams ranged from 58 to 72 professionals. The results from the Focus Groups performed only with Occupational Therapists reveal that, although they differentiate Psychosocial Rehabilitation from Psychosocial Care, they claim that both are perspectives that complement each other in practice. Occupational therapists consider that there are specific contributions from Psychosocial Rehabilitation to Occupational Therapy, helping in the work developed at CAPS, however, this association with Psychosocial Care was not so clear and direct. Regarding the results from the Focus Groups with the other higher education professionals, it is verified that they assume such perspectives as distinct, despite the difficulty to sustain such differentiation. Psychosocial Care is sometimes conceived as a synonym for crisis care and, despite the greater familiarity with the notion of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, the speeches revealed difficulty in addressing it. The study revealed, in both groups, that the users' crisis, the financial and other crisis of resources represent important challenges for the practice of care based on the notions of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Care. It is noteworthy that, besides understanding and analyzing the notions of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Care from the reflections produced by the participants, the present study allowed us to assess how professionals who work directly in the care of users have operationalized the current “model” of mental health, as well as the way the transformations in the mental health field have been metabolized by these subjects and used as parameters for the construction of intervention strategies
Educação superior e inclusão: trajetórias de estudantes universitários com deficiência e a intervenção da terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Nogueira, Lilian de Fatima Zanoni
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Oliver, Fátima Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9739524181728358
Formal education for young people and adults includes their participation in higher education and is a key part of preparing them for the world of work and for facilitating social participation. This thesis investigated school life trajectories of students with disabilities and their experience in higher education. The research on a specific institution, and dialogue with other occupational therapists working in the area, made it possible to recognize facilitators and impediments found in the life paths of students with disabilities. The qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study was developed from interviews with ten students with disabilities from a community education institution, and five interviews with occupational therapists coordinating inclusion programs in Brazilian universities. Content analysis guided the understanding of the interviews. Students' stories, show positive and significant changes in the everyday lives of those who experience higher education, providing careers and experiences that reflect in greater autonomy and independence. The experience of disability is singular, linked with the support people have received throughout their lives and their understanding of disability. Some students have shown they understand disability as an individual process to which they must adapt or be supported by their needs. This fact overloads the student with the need for self-overcoming, and difficult to establish social co-responsibility discussions between the space in the programs and inclusive living of students with disabilities. Both programs and professionals prioritize individual actions indicating that it is necessary to expand collective interventions in the context. Individual interventions and actions such as study support, improved teacher-student communication support, diverse evaluation methods that enhance skills, should be part of the process, but should not be unique with respect to inclusion program. It is considered that occupational therapists, as part of an inclusion program in higher education teams, can and should intervene in institutional dynamics assuming a technical, ethical, aesthetic and political commitment. The intervention should be directly linked in institutional dynamics and support students in their lifestyles, reducing the invisibility of people with disabilities in the educational space and promote their participation in the decision-making processes about the program's institutions. In addition, professional action should also favor collective actions, which include beyond the physical spaces, the communication and the relations between teachers, students, and employees. The care in the educational space should not be confused with a clinical space, and should be directed to incorporate the educational project the need to identify and overcome the suffering of individuals, anticipating the meeting, interaction, collaboration, recognition of singularities and potentialities of each person, which should objectify the happiness of the subjects and the collectives. Recognition of interdependence can be a guideline for the practice of actions that are often focused only on students with disabilities. As the debate on interdependence becomes part of the academic context, the recognition of care / respect for singular actions in relation to each other is facilitated with positive reflexes for all.
Influência dos hormônios sexuais nas respostas ventilatórias, termorreguladoras e na concentração de monoaminas de ratos e ratas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Marques, Danuzia Ambrozio
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Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7037773715836136
Evidences in the literature show differences between sexes in the control of ventilation and in the prevalence of respiratory disorders such as sleep apneas or hypopneas, that occurs three times more in men than women. Sex-specific differences are also observed in body temperature control (Tb) since women present changes through the menstrual cycle. Those differences between sexes in both Tb and ventilation suggest a possible role of gonadal hormones in the respiratory control, which can act on microglial cells and peripheral or CNS receptors that, in turn, control the respiratory network. Additionally, it is known that the main monoamines, dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NOR) and serotonin (5-HT), are neurotransmitters that participate in ventilation and thermoregulation control acting in CNS regions such as the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (MPA), Locus coeruleus (LC), and bulbar raphe, which in turn, present sex-specific differences. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the influence of the main sex hormones on ventilation and body temperature as well as to quantify the monoamines in the raphe, MPA and LC of male and female rats during hypercapnia and hypoxia conditions. We also evaluated the morphological characteristics of the microglia cells in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) rats under normocapnia and hypercapnia in CNS regions involved with ventilation control. We showed that orchiectomy (ORX) decreases ventilation during normocapnic-normoxia and testosterone (T) replacement was able to restore it as well as changing the chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia without altering the metabolism or body temperature of animals. In females, hormonal fluctuations during the estrous cycle did not change the ventilatory and metabolic parameters during hypoxia, however, OVX decreases the ventilatory response of animals by 40% and hormone replacement did not restore this response. Besides, we demonstrate that sex hormones influence the quantification of monoamines (and their metabolites) in response to hypercapnia and hypoxia in LC, bulbar raphe and MPA in intact and castrated male and female Wistar rats. Finally, we showed that ovarian hormones could prevent microglial reactivity in CO2/H+ sensitive structures in females. Thus, taken together, we described that there are sex-related differences in male and female ventilatory control, as well as in the quantification of monoamines in LC, MPA and Raphe nucleus. We also demonstrate that in females microglia cells respond to both OVX and hypercapnia in regions that participate in ventilatory control.
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental e qualidade de vida na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Santa Maria do Leme (São Carlos - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Santana, Raizza Izabel Marcucci
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Mattos, Sérgio Henrique Vannucchi Leme de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8205497519881678
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4257461364605531
The relationships between natural and social elements and processes form the complex environmental system. The watershed is configured from a landscape formed by different elements that interact and is considered a complex environmental system, in which the aim is to establish sustainable development that reconciles the quality of life and the environmental quality between the dynamics of the two physical subsystems. natural and socioeconomic. The current urban system remains in unbalanced natural ecological conditions, which reflects on the survival of the community. The city of São Carlos has as the basis of its history a large urban expansion that has been characterized by the precarious living conditions of the low-income population and the creation of closed subdivisions and condominiums occupied by the higher-income population, which has been a challenge to the sustainability paradigm. The use of environmental indicators for quantitative analysis shows us conditions of the urban environment and the living conditions of citizens, which is an instrument of urban management. These indicators were developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which groups indicators into three groups: pressure, status and response. The objective of this work is to assess the environmental and life quality of the Córrego Santa Maria do Leme Hydrographic Basin, using the OECD methodology with a group of State-only indicators that assess anthropogenic impacts on the environment based on the paradigm of complexity where it was possible to understand the organization and dynamics of the complex environmental system. As shown in the final state index, we can observe a reasonable quality of life and environment at this time, but it is observed that some neighborhoods had low values in several indicators suffering greater impact and being places with more vulnerable income population, so it is necessary that an evaluation is carried out with indicators from the most up-to-date census sector, showing that there are new projects that will be installed in the basin area as well as in the surroundings.
Trabalho e educação: o caráter educativo da organização das mulheres do Assentamento Reunidas, Agrovila Campinas em Promissão/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29)
Marques, Danielle Volpian
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Bezerra, Maria Cristina dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1448630405669002
Within the movement for agrarian reform, women take an active and critical stance against the hegemony of capital, and against the specificity of the situation of exploitation and inferiority of women within capitalist society. Exactly in this scenario, a group of women from Settlement Reunidas, Agrovila Campinas, located in the city of Promissão/SP, decided to organize in 2011 a group for bread making, called “Flores do Campo”. This paper investigated the organization of these women emphasizing issues about work and education present in this process. During the research, in addition to the theoretical foundation, semi- structured interviews were conducted with participants and former participants of the group, as well as bibliographical analysis and documents relevant to the study. The work elucidates about the condition of settled woman and the field work in Agrovila Campinas. An analysis of the reasons why these women decided to organize themselves, as well as how the group works. The professionalization of women is discussed in the field of professional education, bypassing the public policies of professional qualification aimed specifically at rural women. Factors such as the maintenance of the basic survival conditions of the settled families, together with the contradictions of the role played by these women, are analyzed in relation to the group dismantling. An active and fundamental posture of these women in the dynamics of the lots is evident, which demonstrate to organize themselves in struggle, searching for recognition and autonomy in a continuous process of adversity and overcoming. This research sought to contribute and broaden the debate on the condition of rural women who face several challenges in their daily lives.