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Estudo sobre acesso e permanência no mercado de trabalho de pessoas com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Borges, Karla Janaine de Moraes; Tannús-Valadão, Gabriela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0248341559503184; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2658769988372749
The inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in the labor market, according to official data, has increased in recent years. Compared to other people with disabilities, people with intellectual disabilities are less hired. In Brazil, the Federal Constitution, the Quota Law, the Apprentice Law and the Brazilian Inclusion Law (Statute of Persons with Disabilities) guarantee this public access to formal work. However, there are obstacles for them to insert and stay at work. In the case of people with intellectual disabilities, low levels of education, skills and productivity as well as dependence on support are among the difficulties claimed by companies. However, there are people who have been able to stay at work, and it is important to know how this experience has been. Therefore, this study aims to know and analyze behaviors and attitudes of people with intellectual disabilities, their legal guardian, leaders and teachers of qualification courses for insertion and permanence in the labor market. The research instruments were four semi-structured interview scripts, being one for each group of participants: person with intellectual disability, parents / legal guardians, leaders and teachers of the qualification courses. It was also applied to legal guardians and people with intellectual disabilities, the Support Intensity Scale - SIS. The data analysis of the interviews was qualitative, using the software ATLAS.ti and, quantitative, for the SIS Support Intensity Scale. The results showed that people with intellectual disabilities developed behaviors and attitudes throughout their lives, which were improved by inserting themselves in companies, and that, in turn, favored the development of their autonomy, contributing to their insertion and maintenance of employment. The legal guardians encouraged these people, the leaders developed strategies to adapt the work role to the person with intellectual disability and the teachers pointed out that there is a need for course adaptations to meet the demands of people with disabilities and companies. This research has shown that people with intellectual disabilities can succeed in entering and maintaining their jobs if they can develop behaviors, attitudes and autonomy to meet the needs imposed by work. It is hoped that this study can contribute to Special Education in the development of teaching programs for people with intellectual disabilities with proposals for lifelong learning, as well as for the guidance of legal guardians, leaders and qualification courses for insertion in the labor market.
Modelo geométrico de ordem k correlacionado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Souza, Roberta de; Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1778472331663673
In this work we propose the correlated geometric distribution of order k, k≥1, with parameters π and ρ; π ∈(0,1), max{−1,−1−π π } ≤ρ < 1, as an extension of the generalized geometric distribution proposed by Philippou e Muwaﬁ (1980) and considering the ideas of Kolev, Minkova e Neytchev (2000) for generalizations of discrete distributions by including an additional parameter ρ. Thus, it is also a re-reading of the geometric distribution of order k by Aki e Hirano (1993). Some properties of the proposed distribution are presented. Regression models are developed using classical and Bayesian estimation methods. Simulated data studies show the behavior of the distributions and some properties of the estimators. The main motivation in this research, besides contribute to generalizations of discrete distributions, is to propose na alternative analysis and even more suitable for real data, since the effect of the individual correlation is taken into account through the existence of the parameter. The ﬁtted models are evaluated and the residual analysis and diagnosis of inﬂuence or divergence are also presented.
Mountain ranges and geographical isolation increase bird taxonomic but not phylogenetic beta diversity in the megadiverse Paramo ecosystems
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Anaguano, Edna Viviana Calpa; Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543094930527221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4187154996677923
Understanding present-day biodiversity of Neotropical mountain regions requires knowledge of its historical and ecological conditions. We evaluated how Andean uplift, Quaternary climatic oscillations, current climate, and geographical isolation are associated to the spatial distribution of taxonomic and bird phylogenetic beta (β) diversity in the Paramo ecosystems in the Andes mountains in southwestern Colombia. Using point occurrence data for 175 bird species recorded in 11 Paramos, we calculated taxonomic β-diversity (TβD) using Simpson index, and phylogenetic β-diversity (PβD) using PhyloSorturn. We made a lineage through time (LLT) plot to evaluate the association between bird species richness and the final phase of Andean uplift and Quaternary climatic oscillations. We also used a model selection procedure with Generalized Linear Models to generate competing models that explain the variation in TβD and PβD distributions. Two thirds of the bird species in the Paramo ecosystems are recent and emerged after the late Miocene/early Pliocene. The average taxonomic β-diversity was four times higher than the average phylogenetic β-diversity indicating that Paramo assemblages are harboring different bird species, but they are closely related (e.g., same genera). Furthermore, places with high altitudinal range difference and geographically isolated had higher taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity than Paramos with similar altitudinal ranges and close to each other. The final phase of the Andes uplift impacted avian speciation in the Paramo ecosystem, reflecting in high values of taxonomic β-diversity, but not phylogenetic β-diversity. The Quaternary climatic oscillations might have facilitated bird dispersal between close localities contributing to the association of TβD and PβD to geographical isolation (e.g. distance decay of similarity). Our results demonstrated that the integration of different facets of β-diversity into a community ecology framework provides new insights to understand historical and ecological factors responsible for generating patterns of species distribution.
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental e qualidade de vida na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Santa Maria do Leme (São Carlos - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Santana, Raizza Izabel Marcucci; Mattos, Sérgio Henrique Vannucchi Leme de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8205497519881678; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4257461364605531
The relationships between natural and social elements and processes form the complex environmental system. The watershed is configured from a landscape formed by different elements that interact and is considered a complex environmental system, in which the aim is to establish sustainable development that reconciles the quality of life and the environmental quality between the dynamics of the two physical subsystems. natural and socioeconomic. The current urban system remains in unbalanced natural ecological conditions, which reflects on the survival of the community. The city of São Carlos has as the basis of its history a large urban expansion that has been characterized by the precarious living conditions of the low-income population and the creation of closed subdivisions and condominiums occupied by the higher-income population, which has been a challenge to the sustainability paradigm. The use of environmental indicators for quantitative analysis shows us conditions of the urban environment and the living conditions of citizens, which is an instrument of urban management. These indicators were developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which groups indicators into three groups: pressure, status and response. The objective of this work is to assess the environmental and life quality of the Córrego Santa Maria do Leme Hydrographic Basin, using the OECD methodology with a group of State-only indicators that assess anthropogenic impacts on the environment based on the paradigm of complexity where it was possible to understand the organization and dynamics of the complex environmental system. As shown in the final state index, we can observe a reasonable quality of life and environment at this time, but it is observed that some neighborhoods had low values in several indicators suffering greater impact and being places with more vulnerable income population, so it is necessary that an evaluation is carried out with indicators from the most up-to-date census sector, showing that there are new projects that will be installed in the basin area as well as in the surroundings.
Trabalho e educação: o caráter educativo da organização das mulheres do Assentamento Reunidas, Agrovila Campinas em Promissão/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Marques, Danielle Volpian; Bezerra, Maria Cristina dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1448630405669002
Within the movement for agrarian reform, women take an active and critical stance against the hegemony of capital, and against the specificity of the situation of exploitation and inferiority of women within capitalist society. Exactly in this scenario, a group of women from Settlement Reunidas, Agrovila Campinas, located in the city of Promissão/SP, decided to organize in 2011 a group for bread making, called “Flores do Campo”. This paper investigated the organization of these women emphasizing issues about work and education present in this process. During the research, in addition to the theoretical foundation, semi- structured interviews were conducted with participants and former participants of the group, as well as bibliographical analysis and documents relevant to the study. The work elucidates about the condition of settled woman and the field work in Agrovila Campinas. An analysis of the reasons why these women decided to organize themselves, as well as how the group works. The professionalization of women is discussed in the field of professional education, bypassing the public policies of professional qualification aimed specifically at rural women. Factors such as the maintenance of the basic survival conditions of the settled families, together with the contradictions of the role played by these women, are analyzed in relation to the group dismantling. An active and fundamental posture of these women in the dynamics of the lots is evident, which demonstrate to organize themselves in struggle, searching for recognition and autonomy in a continuous process of adversity and overcoming. This research sought to contribute and broaden the debate on the condition of rural women who face several challenges in their daily lives.
A construção da ciência no Brasil: um estudo a partir da trajetória de cientistas pioneiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Oliveira, Maysa Leal de; Sousa, Cidoval Morais de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573233540937425; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2406883915301240
Seeking to understand the Brazilian scientific arena and the ethos that constitute its foundations, this study focuses on 61 biographies and testimonies of scientists, gathered in the publication Scientists of Brazil, published in 1998, in a commemorative edition of SBPC’s fiftieth anniversary, the Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science. Taking as a methodological reference the Socio-Hermeneutic Program of the Qualitative School of Madrid, which is linked to the Spanish tradition of qualitative research, we accomplished an interpretative reading of this material, performing a socio-hermeneutical analysis of its 852 pages, resorting the History and configuring it as part of the understanding process. With the analysis, we show the existence of an intimate relationship between science and the brazilian social and political context, tempering it with a variety of local conditions and with intense political pressures, necessarily resulting in specificities. Scientists articulate a series of practices, ideas, values and intersubjective criteria, keywords and implicit and explicit expressions that do not belong to the vocabulary and discourse universe, or could we say, to the epistemological field of modern European science. From the evidence of the texts, we infer the thesis of an alterity, that is, of a peculiar character of the science performed by the Scientists of Brazil, distinguishing it from the science that took place in Europe in the same period, the long twentieth century. Different aspects engender to the existence of a scientific ethos of its own, whose character covers a non-reductionist understanding of science, an interdisciplinary effort and of dialogue with other fields of human knowledge, an openness to the demands of society, a particular scientific pedagogy, an intrinsic moral character and a strong political bent. The alterity is, in the last analysis, in the resistance to the logic of the coloniality of power and the knowledge that subsists in the Brazilian structure.
Desenvolvimento rural, trabalho cooperado e subjetividades: a trajetória de cooperação do Assentamento Sepé Tiaraju
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Melo, Thainara Granero de; Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2048855070049817
This research investigates the relationship between rural development, cooperative work, and subjectivities. The field of analysis is the history of cooperation of a settled rural workers group. Firstly, I followed the implementation of Sustainable Rural Development Project (PDRS) Microbacias II. It was a public policy of the State of São Paulo which provided funds to Sepé Tiaraju rural settlement in the region of Ribeirão Preto. In a second moment, I recovered the previous experiences of cooperation of this group, aiming to understand how these experiences were articulated to implement the Microbacias programme. Considering cooperation as an organized social action to achieve common goals that is not limited to normative principles of formal arrangements, as well as an experience that requires thinking about individuals and subjectivities, I defined Social Psychology of Work as a theoretical perspective to conduct the study, from which a theoretical and conceptual framework was built combining concepts of Psychosociology and Institutional Bricolage. The hypothesis of the study is that unlike policymakers assume, a single policy or formal arrangement is insufficient to strengthen cooperation since the relationship between rural development, cooperation, and subjectivities is characterized by ambiguity, unpredictability, and processuality. The qualitative research and the case study were conducted in the Sepé Tiaraju Settlement through bibliographical and documentary research; participant observations recorded in field diaries; individual and collective semi-structured interviews with the settlers; discussion groups; and two activities of Reflexive Monitoring in Action (RMA) method - Timeline Workshops and Audiovisual Learning History - used as a strategy to return the research findings to the group. I applied the triangulation technique to articulate different sources of information, from which five categories were raised to analyze the trajectory of cooperation: institutions, organizations, powers, bounds, and identities. The study suggests that these categories and the three domains raised in the hypothesis underline a difficult type of cooperation between a deeply heterogeneous social group in interaction with different social agents and different prescribed cooperative arrangements. The experiences of cooperation were constructed by a complex articulation between bricolage processes – adaptations and contestations of formal arrangements - and less visible aspects of social relations, such as powers, emotions, and identities. These bricolage outcomes allowed the group to adjust the rules of cooperation unpredictably or creatively, as well as to reproduce unequal relationships. In this sense, cooperation is a complex process that cannot be prescribed by a single policy or intervention. Besides, it is necessary to discuss how supposedly cooperative arrangements displace the structural relations of inequality from the individuals' perspective. The research aims to contribute to clarifying which psychosocial processes are linked to work and daily life of these social groups inserted in Brazilian ruralities. Moreover, the theoretical framework may add to the recent debate of Psychology other interpretative categories about the dynamics of cooperation in rural areas.
Produção de conhecimento interdisciplinar: um mapeamento da colaboração científica no programa de pós-graduação em ciência, tecnologia e sociedade da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Faria, Rodrigo Justulin de; Costa, Luzia Sigoli Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8110248272001369; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8129212211106147
People who receive relevant information are able to use them in their decision-making, become more flexible, and are able to visualize previously unexplored paths, thereby projecting new horizons. In business, knowledge management, more than people do, involves their knowledge and skills. Organizations depend on how people use their knowledge to address new issues and trends collectively in their work environments. In this context, the general objective of this research is to propose a conceptual model of scientific collaboration that can show how or not the interdisciplinarity was established during the 10 years of research development in the Postgraduate Program in Science, Technology and Society of Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar. The obtained results show interactions, associating the individual intellectual capital of each member of the Program, and, with this, it foments new ideas and solutions giving greater visibility to the collaborative scientific production of the Program, making it better positioned in the Brazilian educational scenario. The results also show that there are other sectors in which knowledge management can be studied and applied, for example, in academic institutions, allowing the management of the production of interdisciplinary scientific knowledge. In this way, to increase the understanding of the way in which the knowledge is generated by the researchers, teachers and students, as well as the forms of internal and external collaboration are given to the Program. Based on this understanding, the construction of a conceptual model of scientific collaboration for the production of interdisciplinary knowledge allows not only to contribute to better explain the trajectory of the scientific production of the Program, up to this present moment, but also to gather subsidies to design its future, in a perspective of the generation of a collaborative and consequently, interdisciplinary knowledge.
Desenvolvimento de cerâmicas de nitreto de boro hexagonal por sinterização por spark plasma e prensagem a quente (uniaxial e isostática)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Almeida, Tatiani Falvo; Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-6191; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1531166561984714; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-935X
This research has uniquely investigated the influence of three pressure sintering processes and the effect of adding calcium oxide – CaO, in microstructure, density and electrical resistivity of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). It was necessary a systematic study to analyze not only the influence of CaO, but also the effect of the type of sintering technique on these properties. The study has used two highly pure commercial h-BN powders (PSHP325 and PCPS302), which have different physical and chemical characteristics, particularly in terms of particles morphology and size, and the additive CaO in concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% in weight. Mixing and homogenization of h-BN and CaO powders were made mechanically, in alcohol medium, followed by drying process. Sintering the nitride with and without the addition of CaO was made by hot pressing (HP), hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), using different processing conditions, changing temperature, pressure and sintering stage. In terms of pure nitride, samples sintered by HIP, using raw material with higher medium particle size – D50 around 11 μm (PSHP325), presented aleatory grain orientation in the microstructure and the highest apparent density (DA) and dielectric constant – 2.08 g/cm3 and 5.75, respectively, when compared to the samples sintered by the other techniques. Related to the effect of CaO addition, the best results of DA were obtained to the mixtures containing 5% weight of the additive, independently of the sintering technique used. However, the sample resultant of the SPS processing, using finer h-BN powder (PCPS302) – D50 around 2 μm, was the one with higher density between all the analyzed samples, corresponding to 94.4% DT of the mixture, associated to a microstructure of aligned grains perpendicularly to pressing direction and a dielectric constant of 4.7.
Algoritmo genético como ferramenta auxiliar no pré-dimensionamento de estruturas protendidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Narques, Tarniê Vilela Nunes; Carvalho, Roberto Chust; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6545642732931452
Considering the need of searching for more suitable solutions on the Civil and Structural Engineering ambit, this current research aims to assess the efficiency of the Genetic Algorithm when applied as an auxiliary tool for preliminary dimensioning, given that, in this context, the codes are more simplified once they work with a smaller number of variables, facilitating the method insertion in the project routines of the technical field. Two Genetic Algorithms were developed: one to optimise a post-tractioned prestressed concrete walkway with a “T” cross section, and another to optimise roof beams with an “I” cross section from a shed made of a precast concrete system. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the optimizing method, the solutions found by the algorithms were compared to already executed real solutions of both elements. The Genetic Algorithm, even with simplified coding, has found more economical solutions than the real solutions already implemented, in a relatively short time when compared to results from other research, validating the applicability of the method as an auxiliary tool for pre-dimensioning. Both algorithms of optimisation were structured on real coding, being implemented on them a different Crossover Operator from those traditionally adopted in structural optimization research through Algorithms.
Influência dos hormônios sexuais nas respostas ventilatórias, termorreguladoras e na concentração de monoaminas de ratos e ratas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Marques, Danuzia Ambrozio; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7037773715836136
Evidences in the literature show differences between sexes in the control of ventilation and in the prevalence of respiratory disorders such as sleep apneas or hypopneas, that occurs three times more in men than women. Sex-specific differences are also observed in body temperature control (Tb) since women present changes through the menstrual cycle. Those differences between sexes in both Tb and ventilation suggest a possible role of gonadal hormones in the respiratory control, which can act on microglial cells and peripheral or CNS receptors that, in turn, control the respiratory network. Additionally, it is known that the main monoamines, dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NOR) and serotonin (5-HT), are neurotransmitters that participate in ventilation and thermoregulation control acting in CNS regions such as the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (MPA), Locus coeruleus (LC), and bulbar raphe, which in turn, present sex-specific differences. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the influence of the main sex hormones on ventilation and body temperature as well as to quantify the monoamines in the raphe, MPA and LC of male and female rats during hypercapnia and hypoxia conditions. We also evaluated the morphological characteristics of the microglia cells in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) rats under normocapnia and hypercapnia in CNS regions involved with ventilation control. We showed that orchiectomy (ORX) decreases ventilation during normocapnic-normoxia and testosterone (T) replacement was able to restore it as well as changing the chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia without altering the metabolism or body temperature of animals. In females, hormonal fluctuations during the estrous cycle did not change the ventilatory and metabolic parameters during hypoxia, however, OVX decreases the ventilatory response of animals by 40% and hormone replacement did not restore this response. Besides, we demonstrate that sex hormones influence the quantification of monoamines (and their metabolites) in response to hypercapnia and hypoxia in LC, bulbar raphe and MPA in intact and castrated male and female Wistar rats. Finally, we showed that ovarian hormones could prevent microglial reactivity in CO2/H+ sensitive structures in females. Thus, taken together, we described that there are sex-related differences in male and female ventilatory control, as well as in the quantification of monoamines in LC, MPA and Raphe nucleus. We also demonstrate that in females microglia cells respond to both OVX and hypercapnia in regions that participate in ventilatory control.
A crioterapia melhora a função da marcha e reduz a inflamação sinovial de ratos com osteoartrite do joelho induzida por transecção do ligamento cruzado anterior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Barbosa, Germanna de Medeiros; Castro, Paula Aiello Tomé de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4565741478061291; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4391969032505723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1702090920424206
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the most frequent degenerative articular disorder in adults and seniors, is considered one of the primary causes of pain and functional disability. Animal models of post-traumatic KOA, such as anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), have been widely used because of their similarity to KOA in humans. Through these models, one can test the effect of physical therapy interventions, such as cryotherapy, as well as characterize aspects related to the pathogenesis of KOA. In this sense, the objectives of this thesis were: 1) to evaluate the effects of clinical-like cryotherapy on gait function and synovial inflammation in rats with KOA induced by ACLT; 2) To compare the unilateral signs of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) 30 and 60 days after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Pain, gait function, synovial fluid inflammation and histopathological changes in the synovial membrane were analyzed, as well as the interaction between the variables. For this, 64 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided in two studies. In the first study, 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups of 8 animals each: KOA (ACLT knee surgery), KOA+Cryotherapy (ACLT knee surgery and ice pack) and KOA+Placebo (ACLT knee surgery and sand pack). Sixty days after surgery, both the KOA+Cryotherapy and KOA+Placebo groups received their respective interventions twice a day, for 20 min each, over five consecutive days (from the 61st to 65th days). Gait test, skin temperature, thermal response threshold and joint swelling were assessed in all groups before ACLT surgery, and pre (60th day) and post (66th day) intervention protocols. Synovial fluid (account of leukocytes and cytokine levels) and synovial membrane (histopathological analysis) were collected on the 66th day. It was concluded that clinical-like cryotherapy improves the gait function and reduces the number of leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid of rats with ACLT-induced KOA. These results suggest that it can be used as a non-pharmacological and complementary treatment to control joint inflammation in the chronic phase of KOA. In the secondy study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups of 8 animals each. Two control groups (without surgery) were also assessed after the same time periods (C30 and C60). All the groups were evaluated before ACLT from the least to most stressful tests (skin temperature, mechanical response threshold, gait test, thermal response threshold and joint swelling), as well as 30 and 60 days after surgery. After euthanasia, the synovial fluid and synovial membrane were collected. It was concluded that 30 days after ACLT is sufficient to induce all KOA signs in rats, suggesting that a shorter period of time can be used as an experimental model.
Reabilitação psicossocial e atenção psicossocial: identificando concepções teóricas e práticas no contexto da assistência em saúde mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Morato, Giovana Garcia; Lussi, Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8121264125922144; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2928616003881655
The Psychosocial Rehabilitation proposal presented by Benedetto Saraceno has influenced transformations in the field of mental health in Brazil, and discussions about this conception started in the late 1980s. In the country, the concept of rehabilitation has changed under the influence of the Psychiatric Reform movement, and the creation of substitute services to the hospital care services. Among the theoretical-practical formulations produced, we highlight the studies by Costa-Rosa and collaborators on Psychosocial Care. Psychosocial Care is registered in the field of mental health, constituting and seeking to respond to the guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS), standing out as a public policy of the Ministry of Health in Brazil. The present study aimed at understanding and analyzing the theoretical and practical conceptions about Psychosocial Care and Psychosocial Rehabilitation that have been contributing to the current formation of the field of mental health care in Brazil. This is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach consisting of a deep theoretical - reflexive study and a field study. A total of 19 higher education professionals working in CAPS III (6 in total) that make up the mental health network of a municipality in the state of São Paulo participated in this research. For data collection we used Forms to characterize participants and CAPS III and two Roadmaps for conducting the Focus Groups, one Focus Group consisting only of Occupational Therapists and another consisting of distinguished professionals of higher level. Data from the forms were analyzed descriptively and those from the focus groups were submitted to the Thematic Analysis Technique. The time of existence of CAPS III ranged from 14 to 22 years, the territorial area covered by them ranged from 145,000 to 490,000 total population and the number of professionals in the teams ranged from 58 to 72 professionals. The results from the Focus Groups performed only with Occupational Therapists reveal that, although they differentiate Psychosocial Rehabilitation from Psychosocial Care, they claim that both are perspectives that complement each other in practice. Occupational therapists consider that there are specific contributions from Psychosocial Rehabilitation to Occupational Therapy, helping in the work developed at CAPS, however, this association with Psychosocial Care was not so clear and direct. Regarding the results from the Focus Groups with the other higher education professionals, it is verified that they assume such perspectives as distinct, despite the difficulty to sustain such differentiation. Psychosocial Care is sometimes conceived as a synonym for crisis care and, despite the greater familiarity with the notion of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, the speeches revealed difficulty in addressing it. The study revealed, in both groups, that the users' crisis, the financial and other crisis of resources represent important challenges for the practice of care based on the notions of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Care. It is noteworthy that, besides understanding and analyzing the notions of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Care from the reflections produced by the participants, the present study allowed us to assess how professionals who work directly in the care of users have operationalized the current “model” of mental health, as well as the way the transformations in the mental health field have been metabolized by these subjects and used as parameters for the construction of intervention strategies
Educação superior e inclusão: trajetórias de estudantes universitários com deficiência e a intervenção da terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Nogueira, Lilian de Fatima Zanoni; Oliver, Fátima Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9739524181728358
Formal education for young people and adults includes their participation in higher education and is a key part of preparing them for the world of work and for facilitating social participation. This thesis investigated school life trajectories of students with disabilities and their experience in higher education. The research on a specific institution, and dialogue with other occupational therapists working in the area, made it possible to recognize facilitators and impediments found in the life paths of students with disabilities. The qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study was developed from interviews with ten students with disabilities from a community education institution, and five interviews with occupational therapists coordinating inclusion programs in Brazilian universities. Content analysis guided the understanding of the interviews. Students' stories, show positive and significant changes in the everyday lives of those who experience higher education, providing careers and experiences that reflect in greater autonomy and independence. The experience of disability is singular, linked with the support people have received throughout their lives and their understanding of disability. Some students have shown they understand disability as an individual process to which they must adapt or be supported by their needs. This fact overloads the student with the need for self-overcoming, and difficult to establish social co-responsibility discussions between the space in the programs and inclusive living of students with disabilities. Both programs and professionals prioritize individual actions indicating that it is necessary to expand collective interventions in the context. Individual interventions and actions such as study support, improved teacher-student communication support, diverse evaluation methods that enhance skills, should be part of the process, but should not be unique with respect to inclusion program. It is considered that occupational therapists, as part of an inclusion program in higher education teams, can and should intervene in institutional dynamics assuming a technical, ethical, aesthetic and political commitment. The intervention should be directly linked in institutional dynamics and support students in their lifestyles, reducing the invisibility of people with disabilities in the educational space and promote their participation in the decision-making processes about the program's institutions. In addition, professional action should also favor collective actions, which include beyond the physical spaces, the communication and the relations between teachers, students, and employees. The care in the educational space should not be confused with a clinical space, and should be directed to incorporate the educational project the need to identify and overcome the suffering of individuals, anticipating the meeting, interaction, collaboration, recognition of singularities and potentialities of each person, which should objectify the happiness of the subjects and the collectives. Recognition of interdependence can be a guideline for the practice of actions that are often focused only on students with disabilities. As the debate on interdependence becomes part of the academic context, the recognition of care / respect for singular actions in relation to each other is facilitated with positive reflexes for all.
Identificação de um modelo viscoelástico para o comportamento de relaxação de tensões do PTFE sob compressão e em temperatura ambiente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-29) Macêdo, Salvino Cezar Mello de; Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4348566041387371
The identification of viscoelastic models is important for the design of polymeric parts by making the mechanical behavior of the material predictable under critical conditions. However, the characterization of this behavior is costly and complex because it involves long duration tests. Therefore, the main objectives of this work are to characterize the mechanical behavior of PTFE, identify a viscoelastic model and subsequently apply this model in the simulation of the Shaft-Hole Coupling Test (SHCT), which simplifies the characterization of stress relaxation of polymers, to improve the test configuration. The characterization of the mechanical behavior of PTFE was performed via cyclic compressive tests with the application of progressive maximum stresses and recuperation plateaus. The identification of the viscoelastic model was achieved by employing stress relaxation tests along with computer simulations using finite element analysis (FEA) and an optimization workflow. These tests were performed using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique to measure the strain field in which the samples were submitted during the tests. The improvement of the SHCT was carried out by the FEA of the test with different geometry configurations using the software Abaqus, and the identification of the constitutive model parameters was achieved using the optimization software Isight. Under the tested conditions, the mechanical characterization identified the yield stress (between 5.0 and 5.5 MPa), the Poisson coefficient (0.46) and the elastic modulus (675 ± 25 MPa) of PTFE. The identified Parallel Rheological Framework (PRF) constitutive model was able the capture, with a good approximation, the stress relaxation behavior of PTFE and the SHCT simulations pointed out that the most suitable specimen geometry of the sample must resemble a tube with 4 mm thickness and 25 mm height.