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A constituição da identidade do diretor de escola de educação básica negro: articulações entre a identidade étnico-racial e a identidade profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06)
Ferreira, Maria Angélica Chagas
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Campos, Douglas Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2113837229212931
This research is based on the study of a social phenomenon within the school that discusses, investigates and analyzes the relations between the identity trajectory of the black school principal, when in the process of assuming a position of leadership in municipal schools in the city of São Paulo, teaching and professional knowledge built and under construction along this route (PIMENTA, 1997; DUBAR, 1997, 2006, 2012). We aim to know a little about the professional and personal history of some black school principals during the teaching period and, currently, as managers, when talking about the reality of the school, the difficulties of the profession, the school and training history, the family and the The process of ethnic-racial construction seeks to have a panorama of the visibility of blacks in charge of leadership, and whether their racial identity is perceived negatively when measuring their professional competence. We have traveled a path in search of relevant definitions such as school administration and school principal in current legislation such as Law 9394/96-LDBEN. The authors Santos. B (2003), Ribeiro. J (1982), Paro (2011, 2015), Heller (1970), Gramsci (1968, 2001) structure the initial theoretical basis of research, assisting in the perspective of democratic management. Admission to the post is via public tender, and since 2013 there is affirmative action policy legislation for public service entry in the city. In this sense, we also study important concepts such as identity, prejudice, brand prejudice, racism and affirmative action policies. The authors Gomes (1995, 2017), Hall (2013, 2014), Silva (2014), Bento (2005), Ribeiro (2017), Almeida (2019), Fonseca (2009), Nogueira (1985, 1998) help us to understand these concepts in the reality of schools. We use the oral history method, with the testimonial, interview and script techniques, with the authors Nogueira (1973), Thompson (1992), Ezpeleta and Rockwell (1986), and Thiollent and Michael (1984), who give us the basis. for methodological organization. We organized an interview script, which was held in schools with black school principals, some freshmen and some older in the role. We interviewed male and female principals in their daily lives, we know the realities of schools and people in vulnerable situations who see a bridge in the school for better living conditions. For data analysis and categorization, our reference was Bardin (2011) and Minayo (2014). We used three categories that helped us better understand the context that we propose to deepen, they are: childhood, family and school; education, teaching and school management; and ethnic identity: being black and school principal. Our conclusion is that despite the individual and institutional racism experienced by school principals, they try to overcome difficulties and develop relevant work for the community in which they operate, without victimizing themselves. They fight daily to be recognized as school principals, in the meeting between reality and expectation, they work and seek strategies that help them in the challenges they find in this social place they occupy. Ethnic-racial identity becomes an instrument of struggle, mainly to legitimize fundamental elements of constitution of their professional identity.
Abordagem de conceitos sobre eletrostática no ensino médio através de uma oficina de ensino de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06)
Silva, Carlos Augusto
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2699603255901379
A Physics workshop is a hands-on activity that can be used in the classroom or in the counter-time to increase student motivation in introductory physics courses at any level. In addition to helping students acquire a good conceptual foundation, it can contribute significantly to applying this knowledge in problem solving and engaging students in scientific practice. In this work we propose the elaboration of a workshop for the teaching of electrostatics. Our purpose was to show that experimentation in an investigative context in the format of a workshop can contribute significantly to facilitate the understanding of several abstract concepts such as electric charge, electric current, electric field and electric potential. This proposal was applied to three schools in the outback of the state of São Paulo for approximately 60 students. During the construction of the experiments the students used the logbook method to write down their observations, make hypotheses and answer questionnaires. With this procedure the student had the opportunity to participate in their own learning, exploring the advantages of scientific activity through investigative experimental proposals. The use of the workshop can be an interesting alternative to minimize the usual reductionism caused by the handout method, which is increasingly present in schools, to improve the relationship between teacher and students and to serve as a complementary methodology to theoretical physics classes. Our proposal was very well received in the classroom, having a motivating and integrative character for the teaching of electrostatic contents. Our educational product consists in the elaboration of a methodology for the application of a kit composed of a Kelvin electrostatic water dropper generator and other common experiments for the detection of electric fields, such as the electric pendulum, the electroscope, and also a handbook written in a simple and appropriate language for the high school physics teacher containing all the details of the construction and application of the kit.
Efeitos de complexos metálicos de cobre no câncer de mama triplo negativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06)
Teles, Ramon Handerson Gomes
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Graminha, Angélica Ellen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346291554255235
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
Breast cancer is the second most common type in the world and can be considered a disease with good prognosis if diagnosed early and treated timely. The treatment of breast cancer aims to increase survival and improve the quality of life of women. Chemotherapy drugs cause DNA damage to both tumor and normal cells. Cisplatin is considered one of the best drugs in the treatment of various cancers in the world, but it has several side effects. Research into replacing platinum with another metal center, such as copper and ruthenium, shows advantages mainly in its ability to lessen side effects. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of copper complexes in in vitro experimental models on different tumor and non-tumoral breast cell lines. For this, different in vitro experiments were performed using the non-tumor human breast cell lines MCF-10A, the human tumoral cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SK-BR3, mouse fibroblast L929 and mouse tumor 4t1.The results demonstrated that the copper [Cu(sdmx-)2(phen)].H2O complex was the most effective in inducing toxicity in triple negative subtype breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) compared to non-tumoral breast cell line MCF-10A, which was slightly more resistant to the same complex. Furthermore, it was able to decrease the number and size of colonies, modify the structure of the cytoskeleton, and inhibit cell migration. The importance of copper transporter protein 1, CTR1, was also verified by cell transfection, in which after this process, gene expression was increased approximately ten-fold in transfected MDA-MB-231 cells, and that the complex [CuCl2(-impy)] was more cytotoxic in these cells compared to non-transfected cells. This can be attributed to the presence of vacant points in copper through the loss of chloride ions, which allows their interaction with CTR1 and greater uptake through it. In summary, the results show that the [Cu(sdmx-)2(phen)].H2O and [CuCl2(-impy)] complexes were cytotoxic to tumor cell line MDA-MB-231 and that increased expression of CTR1 caused sensitization in transfected cells upon treatment with the [CuCl2(-impy)] complex. Further studies should be performed with the [Cu(sdmx-)2(phen)].H2O and [CuCl2(-impy)] complexes for understanding of the mechanisms of action and the influence of CTR1 in this process. In addition, considering CTR1 as a target in tumor cells supports the development of strategies that use rational drug design to improve therapeutic efficacy through greater specificity and consecutive reduction of side effects.
Ingestão e palatabilidade ao sódio relacionados aos mecanismos inibitórios do núcleo parabraquial lateral em modelos de desidratação intracelular e extracelular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06)
Cavassim, Diulie Graziela Felipe
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Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9055280555067656
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9770813706903538
Several evidences correlate excessive salt intake with the development or aggravation of chronic diseases, including hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. One factor that could contribute to excessive salt intake is its ability to improve the palatability of foods. An important inhibitory mechanism for the control of sodium intake has been described for the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN), structure bilaterally located in the pons. Previous studies have shown that LPBN α2-adrenergic receptors activation with bilateral injections of moxonidine produces a potent increase in extracellular dehydration-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake, prolonging the increase in sodium palatability induced by sodium depletion. Although blocking LPBN inhibitory mechanisms produces a paradoxical intake of 0.3 M NaCl in rats with intracellular dehydration, it is still unknown whether activation of α2-adrenergic receptors in LPBN could alter sodium palatability under these conditions. Here we investigated: 1) sodium palatability and appetite induced by 24 hours of water deprivation (intracellular and extracellular dehydration model), and 2) sodium palatability in rats submitted to intragastric overload (intracellular dehydration) after administration of moxonidine or vehicle in LPPN. Present results showed that in rats submitted to 2 M NaCl (2 ml/rat) intragastric overload (intracellular dehydration) unilateral administration of moxonidine (α2-adrenergic/I1 imidazoline receptors agonist) into the LPBN did not change palatability to NaCl compared to vehicle treatment, although the moxonidine-treated group showed increased 0.3 M NaCl intake. When bilaterally injected into the LPBN, moxonidine did not change 24 h water deprivation-induced sodium appetite followed by partial rehydration period when compared to vehicle treatment. However, when animals were not allowed to be partially rehydrated, i.e., they had immediate and simultaneous access to water and 0.3 M NaCl during two hours, there was a potent increase in hypertonic sodium intake after bilateral moxonidine injections into the NPBL. In another group of animals without LPBN cannulas, there was an increase in hedonic responses frequency to intra-oral infusion of 0.3 M NaCl after 24 h water deprivation in relation to basal condition (normohydration), recovering to basal values after the partial rehydration period. The present results suggest that the increase in NaCl intake, evidenced only after water deprivation period, without previous partial rehydration, could be associated with the increase of hedonic responses frequency to intraoral infusion. However, with regard to intracellular dehydration exclusively, moxonidine unilateral LPBN injections promoted an increase in 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in palatability for this solution.
“Tudo é trabalho”: representações sociais de gestores de logística de transportes sobre o trabalho intensificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06)
Tavares, Ariane Serpeloni
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1468136693911280
In this thesis we present the results and analyzes of a qualitative approach research, which general objective was to understand the social representations of logistics transport managers about their work. In order to understand this particular type of work-worker relationship, we used the concept of intensified work to characterize the relations and working conditions typical of this sector, the Social Representations Theory (SRT), in its sociological and procedural approach to identify how the subjects interpret their experiences and the Psychodynamic of Work to comprehend the subjective relation with work and it’s repercussion on Social Representation’s production, among other concepts. For that, we conducted semi-structured interviews with ten managers or coordinators who worked in the transportation sector of large private companies and who had experienced intensified working conditions in their professional trajectories. The intensified work demands a high physical and/or mental effort of those who work and, in the studied case, comprised the execution of activities at high pace, long journeys, extension of this beyond the formal working environment and constant use of communication devices, which demanded the permanent availability of managers to work. The main results indicated that the managers identified that the working conditions that they experienced were much more intense compared to those of their colleagues and their families and led to difficulties in reconciling private life with the demands of work, the dilution of the barriers between work and non-work and health impacts. On the other hand, managers also indicated that they were satisfied with the pace of work as well as the financial and career benefits stemming from the acceptance of intensified working conditions. We identified the presence of defensive strategies adopted by managers to deal with or alleviate suffering from work overload, as well as other elements that generated well-being at work. The explanations given by the managers for the occurrence of the intensified work involved: a) personal factors (anxiety, need of power, custom, lack of maturity); b) professional factors (need to grow professionally, inexperience); c) factors related to the company and the type of operation (department of work, lack of structure and team, demand for results, meritocratic culture, uninterrupted operations, off-hours drives, restructuring and leadership culture); d) factors such as the naturalization of intensified working conditions in the logistics sector and the need to maintain employment. Considering that the contents present in the transubjective sphere form the background for the construction of social representations, we identified that managers' RSs were anchored in managerial ideology, which naturalizes this way of working: to be profitable, to be available, reach results, dedicate themselves to the maximum. In addition, the subjective relation with the work was pointed out as relevant in the construction of these SRs. In considering that social representations are not only configured by the social context, but also shape it, we conclude that the managers' representations about the intensified work provide elements for the construction of the representations of other social groups, revealing the ambivalent character of the managerial position: victims and intensified labor agents.
Síntese e caracterização de complexos de Cu(II), Ag(I) E Zn(II) com tripeptídeos: avaliação de atividade com xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06)
Moraes, Carlos André Ferreira
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2574358034018138
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Cu (II), Ag (I) AND Zn (II) COMPLEXES WITH TRIPEPTIDE LIGANDS: ACTIVITY EVALUATION IN XANTHOMONAS CITRI SUBSP. CITRI. In the search for new active substances against phytopathogens, were synthesized and characterized metal complexes with tripeptide L-Phenylalanine-Glycyl-Glycine (PGG), with general formula [Metal (PGG)]counterion, (PGG-1, PGG-2, PGG-3 and PGG-4), and the tripeptide Glycine-Glycyl-L-Histidine (GGH) of general formula [Metal (GGH)] (GGH-1, GGH-2, GGH-3 and GGH-4). These complexes were characterized by Elemental Analysis (C, H and N), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of 1H, 13C {1H}, one-dimensional and two-dimensional, high resolution mass spectrometry, absorption spectroscopy in ultraviolet-visible. The complexes PGG-1, PGG-2, PGG-3 and PGG-4, in water showed transitions n-π*, PGG-3 and PGG-4 exhibited d-d transitions. The GGH-1 and GGH-2 presented n-π* transitions, the complex GGH-3 and GGH-4 exhibited charge transfer bands (MLCT) and d-d transition. The differences found in the absorption spectrum bands in the infrared region (ligand and complex) were a smaller number of bands, inferring the rigidity caused by chelate formation. The copper (II) complexes were characterized by magnetic susceptibility, which are mononuclear. The complexes were tested on bacteria causing citrus canker, which had bacteriostatic activities, evaluated by technique serial microdilution, in which we obtained the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), there was inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, in lower concentration in some of the complexes (PGG-1, GGH-1 e PGG-3) compared to the salts used in the synthesis. The tripeptides used did not have bacteriostatic activity, related to the inhibition activity of bacterial growth to the synthesized complexes.
Expressão gênica associada ao conteúdo de minerais no músculo Longissimus thoracis e seus processos regulatórios em bovinos Nelore (Bos indicus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06)
Afonso, Juliana
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Fortes, Marina Rufino Salinas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2970944664405488
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Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595338480545794
The mineral concentration of the bovine muscle does not only depend on the balance between the ingestion and excretion of minerals, but also the environment, breed and genetic factors. In addition, mineral content can affect biological processes related to meat quality, acting in chemical reactions related to tenderness in postmortem as well as in the maintanance of muscular cells throught its action in methabolism, as enzimatic co-factors and in the regulation of cell replication and differentiation. Since detecting genetic elements involved with mineral homeostasis is of interest to the meat industry, we present analyzes performed for this purpose. Differential gene expression tests were performed in muscle Longissiumus thoracis of groups of Nelore steers contrasting separately to the concentration of the minerals calcium, copper, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium and zinc. The iron mineral was not included in these analyses because the differentially expressed genes related to iron concentration in the same population in study were already published by our research group. A functional enrichment of the differentially expressed genes was made, also verifying protein-protein interactions known among them, in search of biological processes related to each mineral. Then, also including iron concentration data, two new approaches were developed to use the PCIT (Partial Correlation Coefficient with Information Theory) and RIF algorithms (Regulatory Impact Factor). The new applications for using these algorithms allowed the direct identification of genetic elements correlated to the mineral concentration continuously in our population and the quantification of the regulatory impact of the genes and miRNAs correlated to a mineral on the concentration of this mineral. The regulation of the pathways related to adipogenesis was significant and the genes indicated here may explain the antagonistic effect known between Cu and Zn in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. With the new applications to use the PCIT and RIF algorithms, genes known to be linked to mineral homeostasis with high regulatory impact were identified and previously indicated as regulatory in our population for being transcription factors, eQTLs or miRNAs. The PLCB2 gene is correlated with Fe and S, the latter correlates to the other minerals. The NOX1 gene possessed significant RIF and is correlated to Se. In humans, the concentration of zinc regulates NOX1. We conclude that the core of genetic regulation for all minerals studied seems to be in the interactions between the components of the extracellular matrix. We can infer that the integration of the proposed techniques in our work may include a new level of information about the regulatory elements involved in mineral homeostasis.
Modelo de crescimento de gramíneas adaptado a áreas urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Escobar-Silva, Elton Vicente
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Bourscheidt, Vandoir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8866534492617582
Green spaces in urban areas and its impacts on the population has been the subject of many studies, not only because of the important ecosystem services provided by these areas but also due to the direct contribution on public health. Initiatives for control of urban vegetation, regarding the optimization of the cutting/mowing process, reducing costs and potentially reducing impacts on the urban natural ecosystem have not been found in the literature. Thus, this work aims to implement a grass growth model suitable for appropriate management of urban green spaces, specifically in lawns, public parks squares, and roadsides and around waterways. The model was developed in Python and simulates the daily dynamics of leaf area index (LAI), biomass, evapotranspiration and soil water content, going under cutting processes or not, with spatialization capability which might be integrated within geographic information system (GIS) environment. However, only above-ground growth is modeled. Soil water content, temperature, and radiation stress are considered the only environmental growth limitations. The model presents two development stages for the plant, growth cycle and dormancy. The dormant period can be trigged from two different approaches: day length or the soil moisture index - SMI, which allows covering temperate and tropical areas. A case study using Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) as input to run the model is presented as well as the evaluation procedures of the model performance. Two different platforms (an unmanned aerial vehicle – UAV and PlanetScope imagery) were used in the data acquisition and, the vegetation indices NDVI, GNDI, and EVI2 were used to retrieve LAI from in situ measurements and from the sensors. EVI2 showed the best performance for Bahiagrass LAI retrieval and thus it was used in the evaluation of the LAI simulated in the model. To assess the performance of the model, LAI from the model (default and adjusted) and LAI retrieved from both sensors are compared using the associated determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) as criteria. The results obtained in the analysis suggest that the proposed model is suitable for its purpose and its eventual application may help government administrations with the optimization of cut/mowing processes of urban green spaces (UGS). However, some adjustments in the LAI curve development and in the dormant period are suggested.
Elaboração de um livro paradidático infantojuvenil com enfoque em educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Amorim, Bruno Duarte
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559
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Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2783636793597412
Since the 20th century, zoos have been shaping themselves around four pillars: conservation, research, education, and leisure. Linked to these pillars, environmental education is essential in both zoos and schools, as it has a strong potential for environmental awareness and exposes the relationships among living beings within an ecosystem. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in the number of visitors to non-formal spaces, such as zoos. Supplementary educational materials can significantly contribute to addressing important themes in Environmental Education and the dynamics of zoos, as well as encourage visits to these spaces. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a supplementary educational book focusing on Environmental Education concepts, emphasizing the importance of zoos in species conservation, addressing existing controversies in the relationship between humans and nature, and discussing the importance of species in vulnerable and endangered conditions in Brazil. A bibliographic survey of endemic and endangered animals in Brazil was conducted. Based on this survey, four main species were chosen to be part of the book's plot. In the end, a text related to the theme was produced, resulting in the book titled Dando Voz aos Animais (https://www.amazon.com.br/Dando-animais-Bruno-Duarte-Amorim-ebook/dp/B09X23D2DQ).
Cladocera de água doce do estado de são paulo – brasil: taxonomia, ecologia e diversidade de espécies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Silva, Erika dos Santos
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0697473971483910
Studies on Cladocera diversity are of great relevance since this group is one of the three main components of freshwater zooplankton, together with Rotifera and copepods. They provide information for understanding energy and nutrient transport along trophic chains and ultimately the food web structure, besides interactions between species and processes structuring communities. Therefore, works involving taxonomy, molecular biology, species functionality, and aspects of the life of organisms are fundamental to ecological studies. In order to contribute to the knowledge of these aspects regarding the Cladocera of freshwaters of São Paulo state, 284 bodies of water were sampled once, from 2012 to 2015. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the water body (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature) were simultaneously measured, besides analysing biological variables (Cladocera community species composition and diversity). From the results, diversity Shannon-Wienner and Simpson indices were calculated and species were classified regarding their functional role. For one species of the Chydoridae family, Oxyurella cilliata, the study of the life cycle and the molecular DNA barcode was obtained after obtaining a laboratory culture. The environments are heterogeneous and most of the water bodies are small, shallow and impacted by anthropic action. Great species richness of Cladocera (86 taxa) was recorded, with 5 new occurrences recorded (Coronatella paulinae, C. undata, Anthalona cf. acuta, A. cf. brandorffi and A. cf. neotropica). Eight functional groups were formed with information on resource utilization and trophic web complexity. Most species are characteristic of littoral region as the chydorids. This family has the highest specie richness and wide geographic distribution around the world. Many species are being reviewed and on the light of molecular biology are being subject of taxonomic reviews, changing from genus up to subfamily and some new species added. Among chydorids, Bergamina lineolata, Graptoleberis occidentalis, Dadaya macrops and Dunhevedia odontoplax had their distribution area expanded in São Paulo state, although showing habitat specificity and to be restrict to certain types of environments. Results from the life cycle and molecular biology analyses evidenced significant morphological and molecular diferences to between Oxyurella cilliata and O. longicaudis, suggesting the need for an updated taxonomical review of this genus.
Efeito da paisagem na biodiversidade de mamíferos médio e grande porte em um ecótono cerrado – Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Marchiori, Franciane Aparecida
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Ribeiro, Milton Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4158685235743119
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
Habitat loss and fragmentation of Neotropical forests has increased rapidly in recent decades. It caused severe impacts on the diversity and ecological processes that depend on species associated with the forest. Much research has been developed to understand these effects on the fauna that inhabits the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, while the ecotonal zones of these ecosystems remain poorly studied. The immense heterogeneity of the environments south of the Amazon rainforest brings us unknown how the medium and large mammal groups are using the environments available to them as: Fragments, Corridors and Continuous Forests. We used trap cameras to survey fauna and selected 15 landscapes with variation in forest cover (%). We use this work to describe species richness, number of threatened species and number of records of occurrence of medium and large terrestrial mammals in the Tanguro Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project at the base of the upper Xingu, Mato Grosso, southern Amazon, Brazil. We recorded 5,633 records from April to September 2018 (118.000 hours of collection) for 24 mammalian species. Forest cover (%) positively influenced the number of threatened species, but it was not important to explain species richness or number of records per landscape. When we analyzed the environments, we observed a clear response of forest species to fragmentation disturbances as an effect of edge quantity, habitat percentage and environmental diversity.
O ensino das leis de Newton por meio de resolução de problema envolvendo atividades experimentais em um ambiente com diferentes interações sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Scomparin, Paulo Roberto
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Carvalho Neto, João Teles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622059450756991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0833670954987414
The purpose of this research is to stimulate the involvement, engagement and autonomy of students through interactions and exchange of experiences at various levels of socialization: groups, between groups, teacher groups and class groups, with the intention of bringing students in carrying out the proposed activities making physics teaching more attractive it's interesting. The survey was conducted with first year high school students, in a public school in the state of São Paulo. Of a qualitative nature, it involved research in which we report the results of the development of experimental activities involving Newton's three laws: Inertia, Fundamental Principle of Dynamics and Action and Reaction, considered essential and basic concepts for the introduction to the learning of Physical. We proposed a problematic text of dummy origin called "Accident in In this, the students investigate the death of the researcher, Dr. Caio Torres, while made the disposal of lunar rocks. The activity is divided into 3 main steps. After reading the introductory text, each group of students performs experiments that simulate aspects of the accident, organized by a roadmap. In the next step, called intergroups, there is the exchange of information between groups that performed different experiments. In the final stage, the groups return to their original formations and formulate their conclusions. presenting a solution to the proposed problem. Through reports written by the students and field notes, we observed as a result that most demonstrated interest in carrying out the activity, getting involved in the proposed dynamics and showing engagement in interactions. We also observed signs of appropriation of the concepts basic mechanics. We note that the most challenging aspects of the proposal, which partly influenced the achievement of better results, were the manifestations of disaffected among some pairs.
Projeto de um sistema de registro de sinais de neurônios em matriz de microeletrodos com ressonância estocástica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-11)
Fambrini, Francisco
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2870135721044417
This PhD thesis aims at the study and practical implementation of a complete system capable of recording electrical signals from a Microelectrode Array. This multi-electrode planar matrix known as MEA (MicroElectrode Array), is built with the same technology as nanoscale integrated circuits, and allows a biological culture of neural cells to be performed at its center. Through studies on MEAs, we can better understand the pattern of spikes and bursts generated by neurons on in vitro cultures. The electrical signals captured and recorded from microelectrodes have an amplitude of the order of microvolts (µV) and need to be amplified by special circuits, with filters capable of selecting the frequency band of interest. However, often the electrical levels of the signals captured in MEAs are so small that they cannot be amplified by conventional techniques, as they are of the same order as the random noise level produced by the amplifier circuits. Some electrical signals are impossible to record through operational amplifiers conventionally used in electronics. In this paper, we describe the application of the Stochastic Resonance Phenomenon (SR) to record signals of very low intensity compared to conventional amplification methods for signals captured in MEA. Therefore, the work of this thesis consists in the development of the acquisition and recording system of signals from in vitro cultured neurons in MEA, using conventional and SR methods; electrical measurements of the developed bench system and comparison with the values obtained in the simulation, testing conventional amplifiers and SR amplification systems and validation of the entire device in a real experiment with an in vitro culture of neurons, which was performed in an electrophysiology laboratory at the Federal University of Uberlândia. The results of these experiments showed stochastic resonance is useful for detecting signals below 100 µV p-p. For higher amplitude signals, there is no advantage in using the RE as an amplification element due to the distortion produced in the signals.
Determinantes socioeconômicas da distribuição espacial de painéis fotovoltáicos residenciais no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-11)
Sabadini, Felipe
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Moralles, Herick Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3117248690753749
The environmental situation demands new forms of energy generation; the current energy matrix is dependent on fossil fuels that besides its harmful potential is also a non-renewable natural resource. Sensitive to this change, the Brazilian government published ANEEL's normative resolution 482/2012, which established the conditions for the exchange of energy between micro-generators. The current scenario shows that besides the environmental benefits, other motivations and barriers are also raised by the literature as motivations that lead to the adoption of photovoltaic panels. This work tries to fill part of this gap, being the first to examine the influence of socioeconomic factors on the spatial distribution of residential photovoltaic panels in Brazilian municipalities taking into account the spatial factor as a determinant. A cross-section model was elaborated, and spatial models of data in SAR and SEM panels were also used. The results found in this work demonstrate influences of the spatial variable as well as population; GDP of agribusiness and salary. Demonstrating convergence with previous studies, the best model was the spatial error for presenting better indexes, the spatial variable and peer effects showed a significant influence on the adoption of panels.
As percepções de professores sobre as influências das masculinidades tóxicas nas vivências pessoais e profissionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-11)
Baptista, Rafael Ferraz
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Julio, Josimeire Meneses
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8172366141038435
This research was developed from the perception about how men behave in society, since they need to adapt to the socially established patterns of masculinity and virility, submitting to certain sufferings in order to feel adjusted, a fact that extends to the school environment, considering that it is characterized as an integral part of the society. Therefore, the study aimed to understand teachers' perceptions about the influence of hegemonic patterns of masculinity, identify how teachers deal with the influences of toxic masculinities and understand how the toxicities, derived from the hegemonic pattern, interfer with the experiences of heterosexual teachers and homosexual teachers. Thus, we define the following research question: What are the teachers' perceptions about the influences of toxic masculinities in the construction of their identities? How do the values of a hegemonic pattern of masculinity interfere in the formation of these individuals as men and teachers? The data collection that supported this research was performed with the aid of two collection instruments: participant-observation and, especially, the operative group. Pichon Rivière (2005) emphasizes that the creation of an operative group allows a discussion that leads participants to reflect about certain theme, in this case, about the influence of toxic masculinities in the personal and professional lives of male teachers. Thus, seven male teachers from the state public school system participated in this research, sharing knowledge, yearnings and feelings during the debates. The debates generated the discourses that supported the research results, which, through content analysis (BARDIN, 2011), allowed us to find that toxic masculinities contaminate and condition the formation of man, putting him in a situation of subordination in relation to hegemonic masculinity and consequently its values are reproduced in the school environment, reinforcing toxic relationships, leading to practices lacking affection and based on fear and authoritarianism. In addition, teachers' perceptions indicate a certain uneasiness, which led to the questioning of the segregating, coercive and oppressive practices arising from hegemonic masculinity, which cause suffering and hindering the formation of man as a human being.
Preferência de Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) por folhas de eucalipto imersas em diferentes concentrações de solução de extrato de Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-13)
Mercadante, Maria Eugênia Gobbo
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Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8012151319370795
The use of plant extracts in agriculture can be an alternative for controlling leaf-cutting ants in agroecosystems, providing greater autonomy for farmers and avoiding environmental pollution with residues, unlike conventional methods that are costly and leave a high residual rate in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the preference of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) worker ants for eucalyptus leaf disks (Eucalyptus grandis) immersed in different concentrations of sweet potato extract solution (Ipomoea batatas). For field bioassays, three distinct foraging trails from adult nests of A. sexdens were selected. Three extract concentrations were used: C5 (5 mg/ml), C50 (50 mg/ml), C100 (100 mg/ml), in addition to the control treatment (Absolute Ethanol). In each trail, 10 eucalyptus leaf disks immersed in their respective treatments (extracts) were offered per bioassay. The duration of each bioassay was 15 minutes, totaling 12 repetitions and 180 minutes of evaluation per trail. Air relative humidity (RH) and temperature were also measured. The number of carried disks per treatment/repetition was counted, with no significant difference between sweet potato extract concentrations (p > 0.05). It is worth noting that further studies should be conducted to assess the non-repellency of sweet potato extracts at the concentrations used.
Professoras de berçário: uma análise sobre os saberes que embasam suas práticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-14)
Braga, Andréia Barboza
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Onofre, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0197741944995780
Important studies indicate that in the context of teacher education for basic education aimed at acting in early childhood education and early grades, discussions are prioritized in the curriculum as actions for literacy and acting focused on elementary school, leaving the specifics of the first stage of education relegated to the second place. Thus, issues involving teacher education and teaching with the baby classes are in need of further study. Thus, we sought to carry out reserache on the theme of teaching knowledge and the reflection of this knowledge in the pedagogical practices developed by teachers who work in nurseries. In this sense, this study aimed to understand which kind of the knowledge are mobilized in the pedagogical practices of nursery teachers of a municipal school system in the interior of São Paulo. This work is based on studies that discuss the teaching professional's knowledge, his identity, the teachers' practices and the relationship with the curriculum and also the knowledge of the pedagogical action. It was also sought theoretical support from authors in the area of early childhood education to discuss the daily work of teachers. For this study, a qualitative research was chosen and an exploratory and descriptive study was developed. The development of this study was attended by thirty-one professionals who work in nursery rooms, known as Phase I. identity Profile; Teaching Professionality; Pedagogical practices; Teacher Knowledge; Conceptions of Caring, Educating and Playing; Initial and Continuing Formation. The main results point out that these kindergarten teachers consider as necessary knowledge to act in these spaces the articulation of knowledge and theoretical contents acquired in the institutional formative processes, but they highlight some gaps arising from the initial formation courses in relation to the specific work with the teaching of babies. Thus, they reveal that practical experience in schools is another source of construction of this knowledge, which is added together with a constant articulation of these different sources, recognizing that the construction of knowledge takes place throughout life, since we always learn in a process continuous personal training which is not detached from the professional.
Alguns caminhos da educação ambiental em escolas de ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Araraquara/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-16)
Ventorin, Araceli Pedroso
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Rink, Juliana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5772465855816353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7064513818914164
The environmental problem affects the lives of billions of people and, given the magnitude with which it has presented itself, arouses worldwide concern. In this context, Environmental Education (EE) plays an important role in the formation of committed subjects in the search for solving social and environmental problems or alternatives to the current development model. Considering that multiple political and ideological influences have shaped EE, we cannot refer to it in the singular, since there are several possible ways to conceive and practice it (CARVALHO, 2004; LAYRARGUES; LIMA, 2014). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the different modalities of EE existing in elementary schools of the municipal network of Araraquara, São Paulo, in order to discuss its specificities, potentialities and challenges. In this network, EE processes take place in an interdisciplinary manner, in Common Base disciplines, and through special discipline, from the diverse part of the curriculum. Data were collected through field research in three school units: one full-time elementary school, one part-time elementary school, and one full-time education center that serves students in the regular school counter-shift. We conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers and pedagogical coordinators, document analysis of the schools involved and the Municipal Secretariat of Education, in addition to the municipal legislation establishing the Municipal Environmental Education Program. The results were analyzed through elements of content analysis and organized in four axes: “Working with EE in school units”, “Perspectives and trends of EE in the EUs”, “EE as a discipline” and “Teacher Training “We find that there are EE processes going on in this network, although under different organizations and which are mostly between the conservationist and pragmatic macrotendencies (LAYRARGUES; LIMA, 2014), and that although there is ongoing work in EE workshops of two school units investigated, the continuity of the work alone does not guarantee a critical perspective in its development. We consider the formation of teachers to work in this perspective as fundamental, as well as the improvement of the “Municipal Environmental Education Program”. Faced with existing challenges, both in interdisciplinary work and workshops, we understand that there is potential for conducting a critical EE work, taking the debate on environmental issues beyond the discussion on whether or not a discipline.
As perspectivas da representação substantiva sobre a ação parlamentar feminina no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-16)
Silva, Ana Paula Cavalcante Limão da
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Diniz, Simone
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9726360676770459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2252495997852964
This thesis proposes to present a mapping of the parliamentary profile of the deputies who assumed mandates in the 2003-2007, 2007-2011 and 2011-2015 legislatures, through the analysis of the legislative production of these women, highlighting the proposition of draft laws, in order to verify the extent to which female parliamentary action results in substantive representation in the Brazilian Federal Legislative Chamber. This research is based on a theoretical debate on the main conceptions of political representation, with emphasis on substantive representation and its consequences in the political space. Thus, the substantive representation is considered from the representative's activity, that is, from the content of the political action of that leader and what is its correspondence with the interests of the electorate. The data of this work were collected in the Chamber of Deputies Portal, identifying the naturalness and party bond of the deputies, number of bills proposed by each parliamentarian, type of authorship of the proposition, status of the matter in the legislative process and in the case of propositions archived, the reason for this archiving was collected. It was also verified the content of each proposed project and based on the committees that debated the matter, a classification of 27 themes addressed by the deputies in their projects was defined. This thesis shows that parliamentarians propose a number of projects commensurate with their male counterparts, more than 50% of the propositions are the sole author and, as far as the proposition themes are concerned, the areas related to “care” and to the same extent “hard” such as labor, economics, finance and taxation, administration and public service. Regarding the themes on feminist and women's agendas, they add up to a percentage of only 12% of propositions presented, and it appears that these matters address issues related to work, women's health and violence against women. In short, female underrepresentation in politics is a barrier to be broken, about women elected identify important advances in their parliamentary performance, they are debating issues considered masculine and present an autonomous performance in Parliament, so this research points to importance of the presence of minority groups in elected positions. In the case of deputies, the increased female presence in this political space strengthens women's substantive representation, and can contribute to gender issues on the agendas of parliamentarians of both sexes.
Investigações sobre seguimento de olhar e tomada de perspectiva em crianças com desenvolvimento típico e com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-16)
Silveira, Carolina Coury
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Schmidt, Andréia
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3886712611757992
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
This thesis was written in the form of a compendium of scientific texts. It included four studies that supported the planning and implementation of investigations that aimed to identify critical parameters in the establishment of the repertoires of looking direction and Perspective Taking for children with and without autism. First, the first experiment investigated whether changes in a procedure already replicated for multiple exemplar training would enable the verification of generalized operant characteristics for two children within Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Study 1). Second, observing a lack of studies in joint attention literature using a single-subject design, the aim was to investigate changes individually in eye-tracking patterns (via an eye-tracking device). Additionally, the vast majority of the studies in the area focused on the characterization of eye tracking in assessment in isolated tasks, with little explored as the eye-tracking patterns varied throughout the learning of responses, which guided the research question of Study 2. The first two studies explored joint attention responses (i.e., following the direction of someone's gaze), and they aimed to investigate and improve the social interaction behavior in very young children and provided relevant information for planning intervention for children with autism. However, social interaction, in general, can include many more complex responses that were not addressed in both previous investigations (Studies 1 and 2). Thus, for a broad interpretation of this phenomenon, in the sequence, a theoretical investigation was proposed. This investigation aimed to develop a functional analysis based on the Multi-Dimensional Multi-Level (MDML) framework for relational repertoires. This analysis allowed to establish responses for the development of Perspective-Taking (Study 3). Finally, the hypothesis raised about the minimum relational repertoires necessary for establishing Perspective-Taking in the previous theoretical research inspired an empirical investigation (Study 4). This last study involved the development of tasks to assess relational repertoires in a child with and another without autism with a similar development profile. Besides, this study also aimed to teach and develop the necessary relational repertoire that potentially would enable the presentation of Perspective-Taking, which were deficient for the child with autism. Subsequently, this teaching procedure effects for the behavioral repertoire of the participant were evaluated. In summary, the present thesis explored both fundamental and complex repertoire, crucial for the proper establishment of social interactions: gaze-following responses (Studies 1 and 2), and relational responses for Perspective-Taking (Studies 3 and 4). Both repertoires investigated seem to be fundamental for overcoming significant social barriers in individuals with autism.