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O uso dos jogos e da história da ciência no ensino de física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20) Vicente, Vagner Mario; Filho, Edemar Benedetti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5963704923612696; Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4545251807998014
There are several methodologies that facilitate the teaching of physics. In this work, we studied the use of the Game and the History of Science as tools for teachers. The product presented here and its application were developed from Vigotski's theory of learning. The final material consists in a card game called The Physical World. The game, which can be played by up to five gamers, was originally created for use by students in the third year of high school. In this game, the student goes through all phases of physics, enabling a learning of new concepts and a review of old concepts. The educational product was applied to seven different high school classes of a public school in Carapicuíba - SP. We obtained good results in the application classes, with increasing interest in Physics and History of Science. The results are also demonstrated through evaluations that suggest a evolution in the learning performance during the process. Thus, this product is an instrument that can be used by the teacher in the classroom, seeking to promote and stimulate students' learning in a more pleasurable way.
Síntese, caracterização e estudos de citotoxicidade e alvo biológico de complexos quadráticos planos contendo Tiossemicarbazonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20) Silva, Ludimila Thayane Paes; Rocha, Fillipe Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8327323336822123
The diversity of cancer diseases and the side effects caused by the drugs commonly used in cancer treatment require different antineoplasic agents able to operate more specific and in a way to minimize the side effects. With that in mind, efforts are made to develop compounds for selective biological target, such as the enzime topoisomeraseIIα, or TOPOIIα, which has been widely studied. In a recent work of our research group, it was found that Pd(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazone ligand (N, S donor) and co-ligands’ phosphinic and halides, in a distorted square planar molecular geometry, showed cytotoxic activity against breast and lung tumor cell lines; they also inhibited TOPOIIα enzime at a 2,8 times smaller concentration than the standard drug, etoposide. This activity was atributed to the interaction of the complexed thiosemicarbazone ligand with enzime’s active sites. Therefore, in the present work, it was attempt to comprehend the importance of the co-ligands and of the thiosemicarbazone identity, as well as the metallic ion influence in the biological activities. Thereunto, in this work, changes in the molecular framework were performed: (i) substitution of co-ligands for another thiosemicarbazone molecule; (ii) changes in the thiosemicarbazone structure; (iii) metal ion identity. It was synthesized six thiosemicarbazones ligands (L) (N, S donor), thirteen new bischelate complexes structures in a square planar geometry : twelve Pd(II), divided in two analogues series of general formulae [Pd(L)2] and [Pd(HL)2]Cl2, differenciated by anionic and neutral ligands coordination, respectively, and a Ni(II) complex, [Ni(L)2]. After obtaining all the compounds (caracterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric thecniques), the investigation of cytotoxic activity of ligands and their Pd(II) complexes against the tumoral cell lines MCF-7 (breast) and DU-145 (prostate) and non-tumoral PNT2 (prostate) showed that the free thiosemicarbazone ligands presented low cytotoxicity (IC50> 50 μmol.L-1), while their Pd(II) complexes containing the lower molecular masses thiosemicarbazone presented IC50 values in the 12,00-0,22 μmol.L-1 interval for tumoral cell lines. It was not observed selectivity among the cell lines tested (tumoral and non-tumoral). Comparing the cytotoxicity exhibited by a Pd(II) complex containing the co-ligands, [PdCl(BT-M)(P(4FPh)3] (IC50 = 0,56 ± 0,1 μmol.L-1), and its bischelate anologues complexes of Pd(II) and Ni(II), [Pd(BT-M)2] (IC50 = 0,43 ± 0,3 μmol.L-1) and [Ni(BT-M)2] (IC50> 12μmol.L-1), against tumoral breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231, it is suggested that metal ion identity is essencial in the cytotoxicity of complexes. Molecular Docking studies showed that the Pd(II) bischelate complexes do not present affinity with TOPOIIα active sites. Experimentally, it was observed that the most cytotoxic complexes of Pd(II) and the Ni(II) complex do not Interact significantly with DNA and they are not able to inhibit TOPOIIα (at concentrations of 1, 10 e 50 μmol.L-1), pointing out that these are not the biological targets of the complexes. It is suggested that, the absence of co-ligands could be the responsible for the loss of enzimatic inhibitory activity.
Possibilidades e desafios na contextualização dos conteúdos de física do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20) Nogueira, Carolina de Luca Menezes; Julio, Josimeire Meneses; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6760754557053138
This work has as presupposition that the teaching of physics can train students to prepare them for work and citizenship, since it allows to relate the contents and physical phenomena with the reality of the students, making them critical and responsible so that they can make decisions scientifically and technologically. Thus, characterizing the contextualization of teaching as a possibility to lead the student to a citizenship education through teaching physics concepts linked to their experience and being thought as a pedagogical resource or as a guiding principle of the teaching and learning process we elaborated an experimental contextualized research activity and a stimulated interview in order to analyze the relationship that students establish with the contextualization of contents from an investigative activity and how they perceive the aspects of contextualization within the discipline. The activity was applied to students of the 1st year of high school of a public school in the city of São Carlos. The research has a qualitative methodological character and, for data analysis, significant parts of Content Analysis were used, in which categories were created that best represented the students' relationship with the contextualization during the activity. We realize that curricular content has a difficulty in bringing school knowledge closer to students 'curiosities and that there is a challenge in physics classes to identify students' needs and curiosities in order to articulate them with curriculum content.
Reforma trabalhista no Brasil: análise crítica e possíveis impactos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20) Silva, Antônio Donizetti da; Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420; Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8643551998782058
This research analyzed the recently approved Labour Reform (Law No. 13,467 of November 2017), presented by the president Michel Temer in his government. It aims to associate this Reform with the neoliberal policy prescription - which was the issue of a limited debate - which has already been presented before and during the Government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), during his first term in 1998. The association of this Reform with the neoliberal ideals sought to establish a more accurate analysis of the arguments that supported the defense of the neoliberal policy prescription adopted by the FHC government. It was also analyzed the theories that originate from or are correlated with the Chicago School which served as an experiment for the application of economic adjustments in several countries, notably in those from the southern cone of the American continent. Among these several points of views we seek the elaborations belonging to the supporters and formulators of these theses that discussed the need for economic adjustments in the peripheral countries and also tested, through practical experiences of today, the effectiveness of theories that, for example, defended the investment theory in human beings as a policy of qualification and economic return. We are talking about human capital theory. The analysis of these positions contributed strongly to the understanding of the numerous movements that drove the approval of the Reform, the interest groups behind it and, fundamentally, the impacts on the reality of salaried employees in the country, resulting from the newly approved labour legislation. To gather this data, a literature review and documental research were conducted.
O bloqueio dos receptores NMDA ou CRF1 no núcleo intersticial da estria terminal impede a ansiogênese induzida pela ativação nitrérgica do córtex pré-frontal medial e derrota social em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20) Faria, Matheus Pegoraro; Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2475842684688693; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6963155336375529
Nitric oxide (NO) release in the right medial prefrontal cortex (RmPFC) produces anxiogenesis. In the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a region that receives neuronal projections from the mPFC, NO also provokes anxiety, an effect that is blocked by local injections of corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1) or n-methyld-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonist. Anxiety is also enhanced by social defeat stress, and chronic stress impairs and facilitates, respectively, PFC and BNST roles in modulating behavioral responses to aversive situations. This study investigated whether the (i) chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) increases NO signaling in the mPFC; (ii) anxiogenic effects provoked by intra-RmPFC injection of NOC-9 (an NO donor) or by CSDS are prevented by intra-BNST injections of AP-7 (0.05 nmol) or CP 376395 (3.0 nmol), respectively, NMDAr and CRF1 antagonists, in male Swiss-Webster mice exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Results showed that (a) CSDS increased anxiety (i.e. reduced open-arm exploration) and repeatedly activated NOSn containing neurons, measured by ΔFosB (a stable nonspecific marker of neural activity) + NOSn double-labeling, in the right (but not left) mPFC, (b) NOC-9 in the RmPFC also increased anxiety and (c) both CSDS and NOC-9 effects were reversed by injections of AP-7 or CP 376395 into the BNST. These results suggest that NMDA and CRF1 receptors located in BNST play an important role in the modulation of anxiety provoked by NO in the RmPFC as well as by chronic social defeat in mice.
Passeios pedagógicos: uma análise das potencialidades educativas das visitas a museus na compreensão dos alunos do ensino fundamental II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20) Silva, Caio Henrique Silveira da; Onofre, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3528286513630336
This investigation considers the idea of educational processes as part of social environments. Through this point of view, we have the understanding of museums as places where knowledge and the sense of era are approached, transposing to the pedagogical area a rich multidisciplinary environment, resulting in its use as a tool for the enlargement of students cultural background. The objective for this research is to analyze educational potentialities which were observed during the visits to the museums, based on the understanding of middle school students. For this qualitative research, we considered the methodology of a case study, in order to understand and emphasize its singularities, which is, in this case, the pedagogical visits provided by SME, in São Carlos. The data were gathered through forms which were distributed to 124 6th grade students. The results show a variety of meaningful knowledge, either part of the curriculum or extracurricular, which enlarges their cultural capital and spread the museologic culture.