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Possibilidades e desafios na contextualização dos conteúdos de física do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20)
Nogueira, Carolina de Luca Menezes
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Julio, Josimeire Meneses
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6760754557053138
This work has as presupposition that the teaching of physics can train students to prepare them for work and citizenship, since it allows to relate the contents and physical phenomena with the reality of the students, making them critical and responsible so that they can make decisions scientifically and technologically. Thus, characterizing the contextualization of teaching as a possibility to lead the student to a citizenship education through teaching physics concepts linked to their experience and being thought as a pedagogical resource or as a guiding principle of the teaching and learning process we elaborated an experimental contextualized research activity and a stimulated interview in order to analyze the relationship that students establish with the contextualization of contents from an investigative activity and how they perceive the aspects of contextualization within the discipline. The activity was applied to students of the 1st year of high school of a public school in the city of São Carlos. The research has a qualitative methodological character and, for data analysis, significant parts of Content Analysis were used, in which categories were created that best represented the students' relationship with the contextualization during the activity. We realize that curricular content has a difficulty in bringing school knowledge closer to students 'curiosities and that there is a challenge in physics classes to identify students' needs and curiosities in order to articulate them with curriculum content.
Reforma trabalhista no Brasil: análise crítica e possíveis impactos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20)
Silva, Antônio Donizetti da
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Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
This research analyzed the recently approved Labour Reform (Law No. 13,467 of November 2017), presented by the president Michel Temer in his government. It aims to associate this Reform with the neoliberal policy prescription - which was the issue of a limited debate - which has already been presented before and during the Government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), during his first term in 1998. The association of this Reform with the neoliberal ideals sought to establish a more accurate analysis of the arguments that supported the defense of the neoliberal policy prescription adopted by the FHC government. It was also analyzed the theories that originate from or are correlated with the Chicago School which served as an experiment for the application of economic adjustments in several countries, notably in those from the southern cone of the American continent. Among these several points of views we seek the elaborations belonging to the supporters and formulators of these theses that discussed the need for economic adjustments in the peripheral countries and also tested, through practical experiences of today, the effectiveness of theories that, for example, defended the investment theory in human beings as a policy of qualification and economic return. We are talking about human capital theory. The analysis of these positions contributed strongly to the understanding of the numerous movements that drove the approval of the Reform, the interest groups behind it and, fundamentally, the impacts on the reality of salaried employees in the country, resulting from the newly approved labour legislation. To gather this data, a literature review and documental research were conducted.
O uso dos jogos e da história da ciência no ensino de física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20)
Vicente, Vagner Mario
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Filho, Edemar Benedetti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5963704923612696
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Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089
There are several methodologies that facilitate the teaching of physics. In this work, we studied the use of the Game and the History of Science as tools for teachers. The product presented here and its application were developed from Vigotski's theory of learning. The final material consists in a card game called The Physical World. The game, which can be played by up to five gamers, was originally created for use by students in the third year of high school. In this game, the student goes through all phases of physics, enabling a learning of new concepts and a review of old concepts. The educational product was applied to seven different high school classes of a public school in Carapicuíba - SP. We obtained good results in the application classes, with increasing interest in Physics and History of Science. The results are also demonstrated through evaluations that suggest a evolution in the learning performance during the process. Thus, this product is an instrument that can be used by the teacher in the classroom, seeking to promote and stimulate students' learning in a more pleasurable way.
Síntese, caracterização e estudos de citotoxicidade e alvo biológico de complexos quadráticos planos contendo Tiossemicarbazonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20)
Silva, Ludimila Thayane Paes
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Rocha, Fillipe Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8327323336822123
The diversity of cancer diseases and the side effects caused by the drugs commonly used in cancer treatment require different antineoplasic agents able to operate more specific and in a way to minimize the side effects. With that in mind, efforts are made to develop compounds for selective biological target, such as the enzime topoisomeraseIIα, or TOPOIIα, which has been widely studied. In a recent work of our research group, it was found that Pd(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazone ligand (N, S donor) and co-ligands’ phosphinic and halides, in a distorted square planar molecular geometry, showed cytotoxic activity against breast and lung tumor cell lines; they also inhibited TOPOIIα enzime at a 2,8 times smaller concentration than the standard drug, etoposide. This activity was atributed to the interaction of the complexed thiosemicarbazone ligand with enzime’s active sites. Therefore, in the present work, it was attempt to comprehend the importance of the co-ligands and of the thiosemicarbazone identity, as well as the metallic ion influence in the biological activities. Thereunto, in this work, changes in the molecular framework were performed: (i) substitution of co-ligands for another thiosemicarbazone molecule; (ii) changes in the thiosemicarbazone structure; (iii) metal ion identity. It was synthesized six thiosemicarbazones ligands (L) (N, S donor), thirteen new bischelate complexes structures in a square planar geometry : twelve Pd(II), divided in two analogues series of general formulae [Pd(L)2] and [Pd(HL)2]Cl2, differenciated by anionic and neutral ligands coordination, respectively, and a Ni(II) complex, [Ni(L)2]. After obtaining all the compounds (caracterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric thecniques), the investigation of cytotoxic activity of ligands and their Pd(II) complexes against the tumoral cell lines MCF-7 (breast) and DU-145 (prostate) and non-tumoral PNT2 (prostate) showed that the free thiosemicarbazone ligands presented low cytotoxicity (IC50> 50 μmol.L-1), while their Pd(II) complexes containing the lower molecular masses thiosemicarbazone presented IC50 values in the 12,00-0,22 μmol.L-1 interval for tumoral cell lines. It was not observed selectivity among the cell lines tested (tumoral and non-tumoral). Comparing the cytotoxicity exhibited by a Pd(II) complex containing the co-ligands, [PdCl(BT-M)(P(4FPh)3] (IC50 = 0,56 ± 0,1 μmol.L-1), and its bischelate anologues complexes of Pd(II) and Ni(II), [Pd(BT-M)2] (IC50 = 0,43 ± 0,3 μmol.L-1) and [Ni(BT-M)2] (IC50> 12μmol.L-1), against tumoral breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231, it is suggested that metal ion identity is essencial in the cytotoxicity of complexes. Molecular Docking studies showed that the Pd(II) bischelate complexes do not present affinity with TOPOIIα active sites. Experimentally, it was observed that the most cytotoxic complexes of Pd(II) and the Ni(II) complex do not Interact significantly with DNA and they are not able to inhibit TOPOIIα (at concentrations of 1, 10 e 50 μmol.L-1), pointing out that these are not the biological targets of the complexes. It is suggested that, the absence of co-ligands could be the responsible for the loss of enzimatic inhibitory activity.
O bloqueio dos receptores NMDA ou CRF1 no núcleo intersticial da estria terminal impede a ansiogênese induzida pela ativação nitrérgica do córtex pré-frontal medial e derrota social em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20)
Faria, Matheus Pegoraro
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Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2475842684688693
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6963155336375529
Nitric oxide (NO) release in the right medial prefrontal cortex (RmPFC) produces anxiogenesis. In the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a region that receives neuronal projections from the mPFC, NO also provokes anxiety, an effect that is blocked by local injections of corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1) or n-methyld-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonist. Anxiety is also enhanced by social defeat stress, and chronic stress impairs and facilitates, respectively, PFC and BNST roles in modulating behavioral responses to aversive situations. This study investigated whether the (i) chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) increases NO signaling in the mPFC; (ii) anxiogenic effects provoked by intra-RmPFC injection of NOC-9 (an NO donor) or by CSDS are prevented by intra-BNST injections of AP-7 (0.05 nmol) or CP 376395 (3.0 nmol), respectively, NMDAr and CRF1 antagonists, in male Swiss-Webster mice exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Results showed that (a) CSDS increased anxiety (i.e. reduced open-arm exploration) and repeatedly activated NOSn containing neurons, measured by ΔFosB (a stable nonspecific marker of neural activity) + NOSn double-labeling, in the right (but not left) mPFC, (b) NOC-9 in the RmPFC also increased anxiety and (c) both CSDS and NOC-9 effects were reversed by injections of AP-7 or CP 376395 into the BNST. These results suggest that NMDA and CRF1 receptors located in BNST play an important role in the modulation of anxiety provoked by NO in the RmPFC as well as by chronic social defeat in mice.
Passeios pedagógicos: uma análise das potencialidades educativas das visitas a museus na compreensão dos alunos do ensino fundamental II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-20)
Silva, Caio Henrique Silveira da
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Onofre, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3528286513630336
This investigation considers the idea of educational processes as part of social environments. Through this point of view, we have the understanding of museums as places where knowledge and the sense of era are approached, transposing to the pedagogical area a rich multidisciplinary environment, resulting in its use as a tool for the enlargement of students cultural background. The objective for this research is to analyze educational potentialities which were observed during the visits to the museums, based on the understanding of middle school students. For this qualitative research, we considered the methodology of a case study, in order to understand and emphasize its singularities, which is, in this case, the pedagogical visits provided by SME, in São Carlos. The data were gathered through forms which were distributed to 124 6th grade students. The results show a variety of meaningful knowledge, either part of the curriculum or extracurricular, which enlarges their cultural capital and spread the museologic culture.
A atuação do intérprete de Libras: um estudo situacional sobre microexpressões faciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-23)
Cerantola, Giovana Teixeira de Mendonça
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Silva, João Paulo da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6111069189059770
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Cabello, Janaina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4349074907357325
The present work aims to discuss and problematize the concept of impartiality of the interpreter of libras (Brazilian sign Language), from the analysis of the facial microexpressions produced by him, describing the facial expressions displayed by This professional in a situation of interpreting an emotionally charged discourse. Given that the microexpressions are subtle emotions that appear on the face as we try to oppress a specific emotion, the work aims to analyze a video at the time of the interpreter's performance, in a situation in which he has no prior knowledge of the material he will Interpret. Based on these data, we tried to describe the facial microexpressions, in order to evidence possible emotions contained by the interpreter. From the analyses, it was possible to verify by the results of actions taken as impartial, there is an intense work of the professional interpreter to contain formulations that transparethe aspects of his subjectivity. The analysis of microexpressions, however, reveals that in the smallest details of facial gestures, it is possible to identify indices of emotions caused by the stress situation in question. This discussion draws attention to the need to conceive the professional interpreter of pounds as a human being (and not as mere conduit of information from a source A to a destination B), who, acting in situations which put in a situation of discomfort, sometimes , it will manifest, although minimal expressions, complex conceptions and perceptions of its subjectivity.
Electrochemistry and STM-assisted Molecular electronics study of bimetallic hexaphyrins
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-23)
Quintans, Ciro Scheremeta
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4040323563393942
ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND STM-ASSISTED MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS STUDY OF BIMETALLIC HEXAPHYRINS. The electron transport in porphyrinoids are related to several bioprocesses in Nature, from conversion from solar energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis to the transport and reduction of oxygen in aerobic animals. Due to these characteristics, several bioinspired applications have used this class of materials, photovoltaics, water splitting, catalysis and photodynamic therapy. To further understand how this process occurs in expanded porphyrins, 5 hexaphyrins in Hückel aromaticity were synthesized, with and without metal centres. These molecules were characterized by spectroscopy, electrochemistry and through molecular break junctions. The absorption spectrum of hexaphyrins show several possibly transitions, which splits and broadens with the addition of metal centres due to the degeneration of the molecule’s orbitals. The spectroscopic band gap was characterized by fluorimetry showing a gap between 1.12 to 1.20 eV for the molecules synthesized. Electrochemistry measurements shows several distinct quasi-reversible redox pairs. The addition of metal centres shifted the processes accordingly to the electronegativity of the metal centres. Due to the severe number of reactions a diagnosis criterium was developed to indicate which peaks corresponds to reactions in the macrocycle or its ligands and which are likely to occur on the metal centres. The molecular conductance of the hexaphyrins were studied with STM assisted break junctions on non-modified and modified gold as electrodes. The gold modification was proved necessary due to the lack of interactions between the molecules and the metal electrodes. Several current signatures were observed on 4-TPy modified gold. This corresponds to all possible molecular junction conformations. Upon the addition of metal centres, a similar trend is observed for each metal, indicating that the molecule properties do not impact as much as the conformation of the molecular wire.
Definição e avaliação de um modelo genérico para coleta de dados e geração de representações visuais de interações de aprendizagem em jogos educacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-24)
Cardoso, Frederico Corrêa
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Otsuka, Joice Lee
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235968002513082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9384731463200493
The use of educational games by teachers in their classes can have a significant and positive impact on their students’ learning and development skills. There are, however, some difficulties that can jeopardize the follow-up and assessment of the students while they are playing. This work presents a generic solution that can be applied to many kinds of educational games and offer a support for teachers to analyze, monitor and assess their students. Based on Information Visualization concepts, Learning Analytics and Game Learning Analytics, many steps were taken towards our goal. The first step comprised a survey of the main indicators that teachers find relevant. We invited 37 of them to answer an online questionnaire in order to understand their main difficulties and find out which analysis tools they needed. Doing so we were able to define a set of engagement indicators that were considered to be relevant by the teachers. The second step comprised the definition of which data should be collected from the games for each indicator. In the third step we developed a dashboard with a set of visual representations of each one of the indicators. To accomplish this, we used three educational games available at the REMAR Platform, each with different charecteristics. Finally, we then invited four teachers to assess our dashboard through an online questionnaire to check for clarity and understandability of the graphics we presented, as well as the dashboard usability. The teachers’ response gave us a strong sense that our goal was reached and that we developed a tool that is useful for the monitoring and evaluation of the students.
Trabalho e ritual: uma etnografia dos imigrantes e refugiados muçulmanos que realizam o abate halal nos frigoríficos do oeste catarinense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-25)
Lopez, Gabriel Angel Jimene
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Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
This dissertation adresses the incorporation of Muslim immigrants and refugees in slaughterhouses to work in the Muslim religious slaughter known as halal. Through field research conducted with Muslim bleeders working at a Brasil Foods (BRF) plant located in the city of Chapecó-SC, I examine the process in which these people are incorporated in halal slaughter lines, as well as how, from their perspectives, this slaughter is practiced inside these slaughterhouses. Addressing the way slaughterhouses lure Muslim immigrants and refugees to work in the halal bleed, I point to a set of questions concerning the precarious conditions that characterize the lives of these workers in the slaughterhouses, as well as the ritual aspects that revolve around the slaughter. Because it is a religious slaughter practiced on a large scale by the meat industry, the research is therefore an interface in which I discuss migration, religion and work.
Assembleia Fitofossilífera de Lycopodiopsis cf. Derbyi da formação Corumbataí, bacia do Paraná, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-25)
Carvalho, Thaís Silvana de
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Branco, Fresia Soledad Ricardi Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3124753907036602
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
The most abundant lycophytes from the fossil record of the Corumbataí Formation, Paraná Basin, are the Lycopodiopsis derbyi Renault, 1890, found in Guadalupian strata. Lycopodiopsis cf. derbyi present a wide occurrence in the rocks of the Passa Dois Group, which makes this taxón of great importance in the floristic scenery of the southwestern Gondwana, constituting part of the coastal vegetation of extensive flooded plains in the territory that today is the State of São Paulo and Southern Brazil. Brazil. The present study was carried out in the city of Rio Claro, State of São Paulo, in an outcrop, where an unprecedented and expressive phytopossiliferous assembly was preserved. The specimens found were attributed to Lycopodiopsis cf. Renault derbyi, preserved as compressão-impressions, and counter-molds and in a North-South direction. They were distributed over a large area, with massive concentration of specimens, including overlap, indicating the possible taphonomic conditions that led to the assembly. The fragmentation of the specimens occurred in the collection process, since in situ they were whole. There is a dichotomy in some stem fragments and throughout the assembly, there was different preservation among the specimens, with the preservation of three distinct levels of cauline decortication (characteristic of the group of Lepidodendrales). This register possibly comprises a non-selective parautochthonous monospecific assembly as it is a massive assembly. The morphological analyzes led to corroborate the decortication characteristic of the group, since in the same specimen there was the preservation of two cortical levels. Also, a branch over one meter long was recorded. It was the first record of a large group-to-group ratio, which although they were arboreal, were believed not to develop at high heights. This assembly presents the first record of mass mortality of Lycopodiopsis derbyi, described for the Corumbataí Formation. From the analysis and further interpretation of the data, it was possible to conclude that despite the massive concentration of individuals, the event that caused their deposition was not of great energy, as it preserved so many anatomical characters, and also allowed the preservation of a fish. articulated together with the branches. Also, dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) and stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (MEV) images indicated the occurrence of salts, which suggests a deposition paleoenvironment of brackish water-soaked areas.
Metodologia de apoio a seleção de sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis para habitações rurais no contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27)
Barboza, Christian Souza
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Mateus, Ricardo
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Barreto, Douglas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369326190168139
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152750102485813
The lack of decent housing for people living in the countryside is one of the main factors of social vulnerability, with rural housing shortage reaching 783 thousand in Brazil. The construction industry is of great importance for the mitigation of this situation, with significant participation in the process of social, economic and environmental transformation. The industry now starts to reframe itself, incorporating concepts of sustainability in its construction processes. Since the early 2000s, several methodologies for the evaluation of sustainable performance of buildings have been proposed. However, the vast majority of these methodologies is focused on the assessment of the impacts of the urban environment of large centers on the surroundings. In order to evaluate the contribution to promote sustainability of buildings in rural environments by comparing the performance of traditional and alternative building systems, the present work proposes, using interest group surveys and the analysis of other evaluation methodologies and of application context, the creation of a decision aid method for choosing more sustainable building systems, which are aimed for rural housing of social interest. The proposed method is based on modeling built from Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), using the performance of the constructive system in four proposed aspects (“Ecological and Environmental”, “Social, Historical and Cultural”, “Economic and Financial” and “Technical and Performance”) as selection criteria. Due to the complexity and number of variables, a computational tool was built, using the Python programming language, to automate the processing of data. A case study was carried out to assess the model, in Assentamento Itamarati, located in the rural area of Ponta Porã-MS, Brazil. In this study, four wall solutions were compared (ceramic blocks, concrete blocks, compact soil-cement blocks and mechanically pressed compressed soil blocks). The soil-based systems had the best performance, of 29.00% and 26.30% for soil-cement blocks and compressed soil blocks, respectively, compared to the industrialized ceramic (22.63%) and concrete (22.07%) blocks. It is noticeable, from the results, that the proposed methodology presents itself as a viable solution for the implementation of constructive practices that contribute to the promotion of sustainability of buildings, customized to the reality of the countryside.
Sílicas funcionalizadas para reação de transesterificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27)
Gazola, Fernando César
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8667438201038525
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Assaf, José Mansur
Increasing biodiesel production is a worldwide need. Basic homogeneous catalysts are the most widely used by the biodiesel processing industry and present problems such as the need of best quality raw material, high waste generation and large number of biodiesel purification steps. Different heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized aiming to obtain a material with good activity and catalytic stability. Catalysts with acid sites containing DES (deep eutectic solvent) of choline chloride and p-toluenesolfonic acid (ChCl / PTSA) were impregnated in Areosil silica and SBA-15 mesoporous presented good catalytic activity in the transterification of methyl acetate with ethanol, but losing activity in reuse. Dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium hydroxide (TPOAOH) was also prepared and used in the synthesis of basic heterogeneous catalysts by co-condensation and grafting methods, however TPOAOH did not increase the catalytic activity. The other group of heterogeneous acid catalysts was composed of ionic liquids derived from groups of imidazole and sulfonic, whereas the catalysts synthesized by co-condensation with this material did not present catalytic activity, unlike synthesized catalysts by grafting that were active, especially transesterification at 65 ° C, but remain unstable at reuse.
Avaliação da atividade bactericida e antineoplásica de novos complexos de Ag(I) contendo semicarbazonas e trifenilfosfina como ligantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27)
Almeida, Vitor Yohan Grosskopf
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Rocha, Fillipe Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9625102031599259
Title: EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTINEOPLASTIC OF NEW Ag(I) COMPLEXES CONTAINING SEMICARBAZONES AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINES AS LIGANDS. The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of ligands triphenylphosphine and semicarbazone as a biological potential as silver(I) complexes with the following formula [Ag(L)(PPh3)2]+ and [Ag(L)2]+ (L= ligands: (E)-2-((E)-3-phenylallylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide – CSC and (2E)-2-[(3E)-4-Phenylbut-3-en-2-ylidene]-hydrazinecarboxamide – BSC). It was synthesized and characterized 4 new silver(I) complexes: two bis(chelate) [Ag(CSC)2]NO3 = CCA and [Ag(BSC)2]NO3 = BBA; two complexes containing triphenylphosphine and CSC ligands [Ag(CSC)(PPh3)2]NO3 = (CAP) and triphenylphosphine and BSC ligands [Ag(BSC)(PPh3)2]NO3 = (BAP). The characterization of the compounds was performed using NMR 1H 13C, IR, UV-vis, molar conductivity and elemental analysis (CNH). The CHN data exhibited adequate to the proposed structure. The complexes molar conductivity showed they are cationic 1:1 and stable on dimethyl sulfoxide. On the IR spectra, it was observed displacements regarding the free ligands, watching the characteristic stretching wave numbers of C=N and C=O, which indicated donating atoms as N and O. Accomplishing cellular viability assays (MTT) against tumoral cells of breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) and non-tumoral and tumoral prostate cells (PNT2 and DU-145). It was verified greater inhibitory action of the complexes containing triphenylphosphine (BAP and CAP) in comparison to the bis(chelates), and the BBA complex showed larger values of IS (IC50[PNT2]/ IC50[DU-145]) for the prostate evaluated cells (IS = 3,13). DNA interaction assays showed weak or non-interacting nature with the synthesized complexes and DNA, which suggests that the therapeutic target is another. The evaluation on bacteria inhibition evidenced that CAP complex is a promising antimicrobial agent, with a inhibitory rate higher than 70% such as Gram-positive as Gram-negative bacteria.
Automatic computational scheme for segmentation, volumetric assessment and analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions in magnetic resonance images of the human brain
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27)
Freire, Paulo Guilherme de Lima
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Ferrari, Ricardo José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8197613219529074
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating (that is, with myelin loss) disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is considered an autoimmune disease in which the immune system wrongly recognizes the myelin sheath of the CNS as an external element and attacks it, resulting in inflammation and scarring (sclerosis) of multiple areas of CNS’s white matter. Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully used in diagnosing and monitoring MS due to its excellent properties such as high resolution and good differentiation between soft tissues. In this context, from a computational standpoint, two important goals stand out: lesion segmentation and lesion classification, the latter being related to the identification of which lesions are under an inflammatory state, also called active or enhancing lesions. Nowadays, the preferred method to segment MS lesions is manual delineation, made by specialists with limited aid of a computer. However, this approach is tiresome, expensive and prone to error due to inter- and intra-variability between observers caused by low contrast on lesion edges. Here, we propose the development of an automatic computational technique based on Student’s t-distribution finite mixture models and probabilistic atlases to segment and measure MS lesions volumes in MR images. Regarding the identification of enhacing lesions, Gadolinium-based contrasts are used to visually highlight them during an MRI procedure. However, recent studies indicate that patients gradually lose their ability to eliminate the contrast substances from their bodies when they undergo many contrast injections throughout their lives, which is the case for MS subjects. In this sense, in this work we used textural features to distinguish enhancing (active) and nonenhancing lesions without the aid of intravenous injection of Gadolinium-based contrast, thus eliminating the risk of accumulation of this substance in one’s body and making the MRI procedure faster and cheaper.
Quando canta a liberdade: a desinstitucionalização da mulher egressa do sistema prisional paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27)
Garcia, Paula Paschoal Rodrigues
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4406535418439473
The present research starts from the scenario of the fast-increased number of incarcerated women in Brazil and the effects of punishment on the life of these women. The goal of this research was to understand the process of deinstitutionalization, which starts from the period of serving the sentence in deprivation of liberty, through the life experience of women who have been discharged from the Sao Paulo prison system and how they face this path. The methodology consisted of conducting interviews aided by guide-topics with four egressed women. The fieldwork also involved monitoring attendance with egressed individuals and their families, as well as informal conversations with members of non-profits and other social organizations. The research aimed to contribute to understand the mechanisms of institutional power, gender issues in the institutional and post-institutional reality, the effects of prison that permeate in and negotiations in freedom and the importance of public policies aimed at women. After the prison period, women developed strategies to deal with stigma and lack of support through different self-presentations, way they have conquered more space. The process towards freedom is presented as merely bureaucratic and “assistance” remains on the bias of punishment, contributing to the spread of prejudices. Other points that the analysis of the reality of the egressed women show is that their experiences are marked by precarious work, fragile bonds, lack of information and precarious access to rights and citizenship, all of which are aggravated due to prison experience.
Análise do sistema Fe2O3 - SnO2 sinterizado: propriedade de transporte eletrônico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-30)
Souza, Josiane Carneiro
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6726380965748739
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a very abundant chemical compound in nature, has interesting electrical and magnetic properties, which consequently makes this oxide an advanced functional material. The literature reports that Sn ions segregate in the grains boundaries of hematite, which reduces the potential barrier in this region, facilitating the electronic transport and, consequently, the increased conductivity of this material. This paper proposed a challenge with regard the preparation, the conventional sintering, and the structural, microstructural and electrical properties of this material without and with different nominal additions (1, 2, 5, 6 and 8 % wt.) of SnO2, in order to obtain smaller grain size and larger number of grains boundaries to study the behavior of Sn ions this solid-solid interface. The results obtained in the preparation of the starting materials, Fe2O3 and SnO2, allowed to control the obtaining of nanoparticles with morphology and medium size distribution appropriate to the use of the sintering process that contributed to the segregation of Sn ions in hematite ceramic matrix. The sintered samples showed a gradual decrease in resistance with increasing SnO2 addition. The sintered hematite sample without SnO2 addition did not show significant differences in capacitance results at both low and high frequencies, corresponding to the behavior of grains boundaries and hematite grain, respectively. Compared to the sintered samples, the nominal increase of 2%, 6% and 8% wt. of SnO2 showed an increase of capacitance by 1, 3 and 4 orders of magnitude, respectively, while the gradual increase of SnO2 in the samples of hematite favored the decrease of resistance. These results showed that the current flows through the hematite grain boundary region, the region with the highest conductivity, resulting from the segregation of Sn ions. In combination with the condutive atomic force microscope analysis, it has been shown that it is possible to identify the types of grains boundaries that most influence the electronic transport. The results allowed us to conclude a better understanding of the segregation of Sn ions grains boundaries in the ceramic matrix of hematite.
Terapia ocupacional social, juventudes e espaço público
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-30)
Silva, Marina Jorge da
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Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9878011371655863
A socio-historical analysis of social recognition of the youth showed that there is a dispute process for this population to achieve visibility and effective possibilities to exercise citizenship and participate in public life. However, this analysis identified that a significant part of the Brazilian youth, such as the poor youth, still lacks the conditions essential to their social integration. Based on Hannah Arendt’s propositions, there is an inseparable link between the social recognition of a group as a political actor, the realization of its citizenship, and its visibility and inclusion in the public space. Therefore, thinking and acting on the restriction to citizenship of socially vulnerable and invisible individuals or collectives necessarily involve a dialogue with the public space. Based on these principles, this study aimed to identify whether the actions conducted for over a decade by the METUIA/UFSCar team (an inter-institutional group of studies, training and actions in social occupational therapy), in the form of university extension, research, and undergraduate and graduate teaching activities, with poor urban youths specifically through a project developed in a neighborhood in the outskirts of the municipality of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, have somehow changed the relationship that these young people have with the public spaces in their neighborhood and city. Based on case studies, along the lines of the Social Sciences, three data collection strategies were articulated: reading and analysis of the studies produced by the METUIA/UFSCar team on the experience in question, participative objectification of the Workshops on activities, dynamics and projects developed in this neighborhood throughout 2017, and interviews with five young people. The data were analyzed and discussed based on the notion of public space developed by Hannah Arendt considering the four elements that she highlighted as essential constituents of the public space: visibility, plurality, equality and freedom. Actions in social occupational therapy shed light on the socially vulnerable population investigated, the poor youth in this case, on its needs and demands, favoring visibility before the municipal government and other generational groups inside and outside its living territory. In addition, through technical and professional work in social occupational therapy, life-sharing spaces have been promoted with the aim of fostering human plurality and sociability, discussing the production of respect for diversity, and coping with situations of inequality and conflicts arising from encounters with difference. Nevertheless, occupational therapy interventions are evidently insufficient to tackle the macro-structural conditions that stand in the way of experimenting with the possibility of enjoying equality and freedom to participate in collective life. In spite of that, it is concluded that social occupational therapy can modify the relationship between youths and the public spaces, including individuals and voices in this scene plurally and with visibility, and that occupational therapists are possible actors in the mediation, articulation and promotion of experiences in public and collective life.
Gestão da Informação e do Conhecimento no âmbito da Indústria 4.0: aproximação das temáticas de estudo por análise bibliométrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-30)
Wilmers, Júlia Tereza Abrão Vieira Lourenço
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6286084700448126
The Fourth Industrial Revolution emerges on a new world scenario in a scope where connectivity and information exchange gain prominence. More than just a set of technological innovations, Industry 4.0 can be considered a revolution because of the abrupt and radical change in the way society lives and interacts. The greatest challenge of this new era is the intelligent use of data, information and knowledge in strategic decision making, whether by machines or by humans. Thus, Information and Knowledge Management must have attention to this context. In this sense, this research is classified as basic nature and presents a quanti-qualitative approach, with the descriptive-exploratory objective of understanding the approximation between Information Management, Knowledge Management and Industry 4.0 research themes. Moreover, it is observed the research trends in Information and Knowledge Management and their adherence to publications on the emerging theme of Industry 4.0. In this sense, it was used bibliometric techniques with the analysis made through the study of descriptors, keywords and abstract. The choice of the Web of Science database made it possible to retrieve, through the descriptors, 10,890 records for the term Knowledge Management, 6,207 records for Information Management and others 3,304 records for the term Industry 4.0. The VOSViewer© and Microsoft Excel were used for processing and visualization of data, such as the creation of collaboration networks and keywords’ maps. Data were analyzed and presented as: the evolution of publications, collaboration networks between countries, the co-occurrence of keywords through maps. Based on this study, it was possible to identify the similarity of terms in the three great themes, as well as approximate their similar terms of study. As future studies, it is suggested the use of other databases and the search for correlated descriptors from the three themes.
Optimal quantum control applied to quantum dots
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-10-03)
Ruiz, Carlos Mario Rivera
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Castelano, Leonardo Kleber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397190485811267
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1713316388405370
In the present study, we review the one-qubit dynamics and we offer a new unifying interpretation of the Landau-Zenner and the Rabi dynamics, by indicating the physical elements responsible for the manifestation of one phenomenon or the other, without the need to define them as separate phenomena. Furthermore, we demonstrate the possibility of electrically implementing quantum gates with high fidelity in two different platforms of quantum dots, with the assistance of the two-point boundary-value quantum control paradigm (TBQCP). In the first platform consisting of a double quantum dot (DQD) embedded in a nanowire, we optimized single qubit pulses corresponding to three quantum gates assuring a fidelity for every gate higher than 0,99. Also we compare the dynamical efficiency of the optimized pulses via the TBQCP method, respect to the other dynamical mechanisms (Rabi and Landau-Zener); and we found that TBQCP can provide pulses that can perform tasks in shorter times. For the second platform consisting of an electrostatical DQD, we implement the quantum permutation algorithm (QPA), which requires the quantum superposition of states with well-defined relative phases. Because of the necessity of using at least a three level system in this algorithm, we use hybrid qubits instead of spin qubits. In order to find the optimal AC electric fields that implement the required quantum gates, we apply the TBQCP method. By employing such method, we were able to determine optimal electric pulses that perform the quantum gates with high fidelity and in times faster than decoherence and relaxation time. Our results demonstrate the possibility of achieving all-electrical universal quantum gates in DQDs by means of optimal quantum control.