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Metodologia de apoio a seleção de sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis para habitações rurais no contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27) Barboza, Christian Souza; Mateus, Ricardo; Barreto, Douglas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369326190168139; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152750102485813
The lack of decent housing for people living in the countryside is one of the main factors of social vulnerability, with rural housing shortage reaching 783 thousand in Brazil. The construction industry is of great importance for the mitigation of this situation, with significant participation in the process of social, economic and environmental transformation. The industry now starts to reframe itself, incorporating concepts of sustainability in its construction processes. Since the early 2000s, several methodologies for the evaluation of sustainable performance of buildings have been proposed. However, the vast majority of these methodologies is focused on the assessment of the impacts of the urban environment of large centers on the surroundings. In order to evaluate the contribution to promote sustainability of buildings in rural environments by comparing the performance of traditional and alternative building systems, the present work proposes, using interest group surveys and the analysis of other evaluation methodologies and of application context, the creation of a decision aid method for choosing more sustainable building systems, which are aimed for rural housing of social interest. The proposed method is based on modeling built from Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), using the performance of the constructive system in four proposed aspects (“Ecological and Environmental”, “Social, Historical and Cultural”, “Economic and Financial” and “Technical and Performance”) as selection criteria. Due to the complexity and number of variables, a computational tool was built, using the Python programming language, to automate the processing of data. A case study was carried out to assess the model, in Assentamento Itamarati, located in the rural area of Ponta Porã-MS, Brazil. In this study, four wall solutions were compared (ceramic blocks, concrete blocks, compact soil-cement blocks and mechanically pressed compressed soil blocks). The soil-based systems had the best performance, of 29.00% and 26.30% for soil-cement blocks and compressed soil blocks, respectively, compared to the industrialized ceramic (22.63%) and concrete (22.07%) blocks. It is noticeable, from the results, that the proposed methodology presents itself as a viable solution for the implementation of constructive practices that contribute to the promotion of sustainability of buildings, customized to the reality of the countryside.
Avaliação da atividade bactericida e antineoplásica de novos complexos de Ag(I) contendo semicarbazonas e trifenilfosfina como ligantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27) Almeida, Vitor Yohan Grosskopf; Rocha, Fillipe Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9625102031599259
Title: EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTINEOPLASTIC OF NEW Ag(I) COMPLEXES CONTAINING SEMICARBAZONES AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINES AS LIGANDS. The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of ligands triphenylphosphine and semicarbazone as a biological potential as silver(I) complexes with the following formula [Ag(L)(PPh3)2]+ and [Ag(L)2]+ (L= ligands: (E)-2-((E)-3-phenylallylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide – CSC and (2E)-2-[(3E)-4-Phenylbut-3-en-2-ylidene]-hydrazinecarboxamide – BSC). It was synthesized and characterized 4 new silver(I) complexes: two bis(chelate) [Ag(CSC)2]NO3 = CCA and [Ag(BSC)2]NO3 = BBA; two complexes containing triphenylphosphine and CSC ligands [Ag(CSC)(PPh3)2]NO3 = (CAP) and triphenylphosphine and BSC ligands [Ag(BSC)(PPh3)2]NO3 = (BAP). The characterization of the compounds was performed using NMR 1H 13C, IR, UV-vis, molar conductivity and elemental analysis (CNH). The CHN data exhibited adequate to the proposed structure. The complexes molar conductivity showed they are cationic 1:1 and stable on dimethyl sulfoxide. On the IR spectra, it was observed displacements regarding the free ligands, watching the characteristic stretching wave numbers of C=N and C=O, which indicated donating atoms as N and O. Accomplishing cellular viability assays (MTT) against tumoral cells of breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) and non-tumoral and tumoral prostate cells (PNT2 and DU-145). It was verified greater inhibitory action of the complexes containing triphenylphosphine (BAP and CAP) in comparison to the bis(chelates), and the BBA complex showed larger values of IS (IC50[PNT2]/ IC50[DU-145]) for the prostate evaluated cells (IS = 3,13). DNA interaction assays showed weak or non-interacting nature with the synthesized complexes and DNA, which suggests that the therapeutic target is another. The evaluation on bacteria inhibition evidenced that CAP complex is a promising antimicrobial agent, with a inhibitory rate higher than 70% such as Gram-positive as Gram-negative bacteria.
Sílicas funcionalizadas para reação de transesterificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27) Gazola, Fernando César; Assaf, José Mansur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8667438201038525; Assaf, José Mansur; Crestani, Carlos Eduardo; Carvalho, Kele Tatiane Gomes; Corrêa, Renata de Aquino Brito Lima; Gonçalves, Alexandra Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4466916726010127; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7263345705541875; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5050641829811424; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1292148611034352
Increasing biodiesel production is a worldwide need. Basic homogeneous catalysts are the most widely used by the biodiesel processing industry and present problems such as the need of best quality raw material, high waste generation and large number of biodiesel purification steps. Different heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized aiming to obtain a material with good activity and catalytic stability. Catalysts with acid sites containing DES (deep eutectic solvent) of choline chloride and p-toluenesolfonic acid (ChCl / PTSA) were impregnated in Areosil silica and SBA-15 mesoporous presented good catalytic activity in the transterification of methyl acetate with ethanol, but losing activity in reuse. Dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium hydroxide (TPOAOH) was also prepared and used in the synthesis of basic heterogeneous catalysts by co-condensation and grafting methods, however TPOAOH did not increase the catalytic activity. The other group of heterogeneous acid catalysts was composed of ionic liquids derived from groups of imidazole and sulfonic, whereas the catalysts synthesized by co-condensation with this material did not present catalytic activity, unlike synthesized catalysts by grafting that were active, especially transesterification at 65 ° C, but remain unstable at reuse.
Automatic computational scheme for segmentation, volumetric assessment and analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions in magnetic resonance images of the human brain
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27) Freire, Paulo Guilherme de Lima; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8197613219529074
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating (that is, with myelin loss) disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is considered an autoimmune disease in which the immune system wrongly recognizes the myelin sheath of the CNS as an external element and attacks it, resulting in inflammation and scarring (sclerosis) of multiple areas of CNS’s white matter. Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully used in diagnosing and monitoring MS due to its excellent properties such as high resolution and good differentiation between soft tissues. In this context, from a computational standpoint, two important goals stand out: lesion segmentation and lesion classification, the latter being related to the identification of which lesions are under an inflammatory state, also called active or enhancing lesions. Nowadays, the preferred method to segment MS lesions is manual delineation, made by specialists with limited aid of a computer. However, this approach is tiresome, expensive and prone to error due to inter- and intra-variability between observers caused by low contrast on lesion edges. Here, we propose the development of an automatic computational technique based on Student’s t-distribution finite mixture models and probabilistic atlases to segment and measure MS lesions volumes in MR images. Regarding the identification of enhacing lesions, Gadolinium-based contrasts are used to visually highlight them during an MRI procedure. However, recent studies indicate that patients gradually lose their ability to eliminate the contrast substances from their bodies when they undergo many contrast injections throughout their lives, which is the case for MS subjects. In this sense, in this work we used textural features to distinguish enhancing (active) and nonenhancing lesions without the aid of intravenous injection of Gadolinium-based contrast, thus eliminating the risk of accumulation of this substance in one’s body and making the MRI procedure faster and cheaper.
Quando canta a liberdade: a desinstitucionalização da mulher egressa do sistema prisional paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-27) Garcia, Paula Paschoal Rodrigues; Sinhoretto, Jacqueline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4406535418439473
The present research starts from the scenario of the fast-increased number of incarcerated women in Brazil and the effects of punishment on the life of these women. The goal of this research was to understand the process of deinstitutionalization, which starts from the period of serving the sentence in deprivation of liberty, through the life experience of women who have been discharged from the Sao Paulo prison system and how they face this path. The methodology consisted of conducting interviews aided by guide-topics with four egressed women. The fieldwork also involved monitoring attendance with egressed individuals and their families, as well as informal conversations with members of non-profits and other social organizations. The research aimed to contribute to understand the mechanisms of institutional power, gender issues in the institutional and post-institutional reality, the effects of prison that permeate in and negotiations in freedom and the importance of public policies aimed at women. After the prison period, women developed strategies to deal with stigma and lack of support through different self-presentations, way they have conquered more space. The process towards freedom is presented as merely bureaucratic and “assistance” remains on the bias of punishment, contributing to the spread of prejudices. Other points that the analysis of the reality of the egressed women show is that their experiences are marked by precarious work, fragile bonds, lack of information and precarious access to rights and citizenship, all of which are aggravated due to prison experience.