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Avaliação da ecoeficiência e da pegada hídrica do processamento da carne de frango no Centro-Oeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-01)
Marques, Thamiris Linhares
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Figueiredo, Maria Cléa Brito de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8498467320034486
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Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249
Water is an indispensable natural resource for life on Earth and it is used indirectly or directly at all productive activities. Therefore, attention to the impacts of water use is a relevant topic for the sustainable production. Brazil is one the world´s largest producer of chicken meat, which can promote several environmental impacts, including water resources. Thus, the objective of this master’s dissertation was to perform a Water Footprint Assessment and ecoefficiency assessment of the processing of poultry meat in Brazil. For the water footprint, it was used the ISO14046:2014 standard and the impact assessment methods chosen were: ReCiPe Midpoint (H) for freshwater eutrophication category, USEtox for ecotoxicity and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human toxicity categories, and the Available Water Remaining (AWARE) method was adopted for the water scarcity category. The product system defined was modeled from a cradle-to-gate perspective, from obtaining live chicken to slaughter, and processing meat and co-products generation. In addition, eco-efficiency was measured for each of the processes mapped based on ISO 14045:2012 guidelines. The results showed that chicken farm is a process with greater generation of water impacts (up to 98,7%) when compared to the industrial manufacturing activities. However, knowing that time is a key issue for any manufacturing process, the water footprint associated with poultry fattening and manufacturing processing time were evaluated, showing that the manufacturing was the environmental hotspot at this time. At manufacture level, chilling was the most damaging process to water resources (up to 99,7%) per unit of time. The most ecoefficient process was defeathiring and the least one was the bleeding process. Finally, it can be concluded that there was a change in the environmental hotspot analysis of the study when performing the ecoefficiency assessment vs. Water Footprint approach. Therefore, adopting or not of both of these two approaches is critical for proposing improvements and creating new scenarios looking for alternatives for improving environmental performance under the life cycle of products.
A proposta inovadora da escola Projeto Âncora e suas implicações pedagógicas em uma escola convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-01)
Costa, Vitor Aparecido Pereira da
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Noel Filho, Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5234064498436000
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4293980823908874
This project arose from worries caused by a brazilian Math Education increasingly disappointing in the public Middle Schools and, in this context, it had as objective to contribute with a new didactic view of this area of knowledge, by means of the adaptation of an activity, based on the innovative method of the School Projeto Âncora, in a conventional school in order to answer the following issue of research: Which contributions the use of the Mathematics Didactics of an innovative school can propitiate to the Teaching of Mathematics of a conventional school? In search of an elucidation to this question, it was conducted a field research at Projeto Âncora to explore their Mathematics Didactic. From the collected notes in the visits, it was possible to execute an experimentation with a multi-age group of 10 students (6º to 9º grades) who worked in the building of checkerboards, developing, in a practical way, basic abilities of geometry and arithmetic. The findings of this study showed a satisfying indicative to answer the issue of research, namely, it was possible to notice contributions generated from this adaptive proposal, such as the incentive of an integrated view of Math, the efficacy of a multi-age group and the proactive participation of the students during the whole experimentation, justified the viability of similar didactic adaptations in conventional schools as long as there are structural conditions and support of the school management.
Música comunitária em um projeto social de lazer: processos educativos decorrentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-01)
Arruda, Murilo Ferreira Velho de
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Gonçalves Junior, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1954443702803934
We researched a practice in community music, conducted with children and youth participating in the project Experiences in Diversified Leisure Activities (VADL) in partnership with the project More Than Football (MQF). We aimed to investigate the educational processes of group music making in the community project VADL-MQF, which is based on the actions of Human Motricity (Manuel Sérgio), Existential Phenomenology (Maurice Merleau-Ponty), Ecology of Knowledges (Boaventura de Sousa Santos) and Dialogical Pedagogy (Paulo Freire). We had twenty-three meetings: twenty-one days between March 13 and June 7, 2018, when we first presented the idea and built a collective musical practice to play percussion instruments, and did appreciation, movement and score reading activities; a meeting on June 10, 2018, related to a conversation circle and musical performance with family members, participants and educators; and a meeting on September 22, 2019, when we re-encountered participants, family members and educators to talk about data analysis. Opting for a qualitative research with phenomenological approach to data collection and analysis, all these meetings had audiovisual recordings enabling a rigorous transcription of the speeches of participants. The diaries have descriptive and reflective elements. About the analysis, we first identified and highlighted the meaning units, a moment called ideographic analysis, to later group these units by thematic proximity. With this nomothetic analysis, we come to the following categories: A) “Let's go to music, right? Because this is my strength!”- Knowing and acknowledging each other; B) “Oh, I will teach you, ok? First we start here and then we go here”- Teaching and learning from each other; C) “Right on!” - Choosing and matching. The findings are related to educational processes related to the recognition of others through musical practice, autonomy of acting and teaching and democratic experience were highlighted.
Efeito de intervenção educativa em precauções na atenção primária à saúde: ensaio clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-01)
Passos, Isis Pienta Batista Dias
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1710871302871400
Introduction: health professionals’ compliance to Standard and Specific Precautions is essential to prevent transmission of microorganisms, but it is known that this compliance is still very small. Strategies that favor interferences within one or more components of this system may increase professionals’ compliance to good precautionary practices. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational strategy on precautionary practices in the context of primary health care. Method: multiple design project: to elaborate and to validate the educational strategy (webquest) for nursing professionals in this scenario by using the methodological study of validation by consensus; a qualitative study in order to acknowledge the perception of local Primary Attention Managers’ regarding the educational strategy as well as to what work as facilitators and what work as barriers for the implementation; a randomized controlled trial of the pre-test / post-test kind, using a control group with no blinding, and following CONSORT standards to assess the effect of the educational strategy and its potential to interfere with adherence to precautionary practices in the studied context; and lastly a descriptive study to evaluate the practicability of the webquest. What was used for the analysis: a content validation index, frequency tables and descriptive statistics, a Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, a Mann-Whitney test, and Repeated Measures (ANOVA). Results: The webquest was validated, with an index of content validation greater than 80; regarding the perception of Primary Attention Managers, knowing their opinion facilitated the initial stage of implementation and directed the future stages of the study; during the assessment of the webquest’s effect, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) for risk identification, hand hygiene, use of masks and cough etiquette, and referred compliance, with better results within the intervention group. After six months, there was a reduction in the average of correct answers for the instrument as a whole and in relation to the use of cough mask and etiquette; as for practicality, the average time taken to perform it was 32.48 minutes, and was pointed out as easy to perform and the resolution and the topics as easy to understand by 96% of the professionals. Conclusion: the educational strategy was validated for large-scale use in the Primary Health Care setting as it increased the knowledge of the nursing staff and referred their compliance, highlighting its importance for incorporating evidence into practice, thus contributing for the improvement of care quality.
Fotoluminescência em anéis quânticos: oscilações Aharonov-Bohm em partículas neutras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-01)
Marques, Gilmar Eugenio
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Teodoro, Marcio Daldin
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Campo Junior, Vivaldo Leiria
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Richard, Victor Lopez
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Marega Junior, Euclydes
Modificação das propriedades estruturais, morfológicas e ópticas do Ag3PO4 e Ag2-2xZnxWO4(0≤ x ≤ 0.25)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-06)
Santos, Clayane Carvalho dos
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7029593164814773
Phosphates and tungstates are important compounds and known mainly for their photocatalytic and photoluminescent properties. The present work proposes a study of the structural, morphological and photoluminescent properties of the materials: Ag3PO4 electron beam irradiated and femtosecond laser, and Ag2-2xZnxWO4 (0≤ x ≤ 0.25) modified with different concentrations of Zn+ obtained by the method of co-precipitation. The obtained phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. The main results investigated for the irradiated Ag3PO4 crystals show that XRD diffraction data show that the patterns for the non-irradiated and similar electron-irradiated samples, while the femtosecond laser-irradiated sample has a higher resolution XRD pattern, low, showing a higher structural disturbance at long range. For the Raman and Rietveld Spectra they show that both [PO4] and [AgO4] are distorted clusters, being the Ag-O bonds of agglomerates [AgO4] more labile than the P-O bonds of clusters [PO4]. In addition, a distinct growth and size mechanism was observed in the production of metallic Ag. For Ag2WO4, the results showed that the increase of Zn concentration in the microcrystals in the α-Ag2WO4 host matrix caused a morphological transformation and a shift of the electronic and optical properties. And regarding the photuluminescent properties of the α-Ag2WO4 and α-Ag2-2xZnxWO4 microcrystals are explained by the effects of distortions and oxygen vacancies (V_O^x) on clusters [WO6] and [AgOy] (y = 2, 4, 6 and 7) respectively causing a redshift.
Efeito do pó de vidro na mitigação da reação álcali-sílica de compósitos cimentícios de alto desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-06)
Freitas, Taís Oliveira Gonçalves
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Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8924772434348795
For some years researches has been adressing the replacement of part of the cement used in concrete and mortars with alternative materials such as ground glass powder. This alternative reduces 〖CO〗_2, emissions since it’s used a smaller portion of concrete. In order for this substitution to be considered viable and applicable on the market, several factors and possible problems that this incorporation may result should be examined. One of the problems that can compromise the durability of concrete is the Alkali-Aggregate Reaction. This reaction causes expansion and fissure of concrete elements, by the chemical reaction between the reactive aggregate, alkaline concrete ions and hydroxyl ions, in the presence of moisture. So, this work aims to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of ground glass powder into cementied composites in the Alkali-Aggregate Reaction. Cementious composites were made with CPV cement, active silica, additives, sand with a maximum dimension of 1.2 mm, water (water/cement ratio of 0.18) and incorporation of glass powder in the contents of 0%,10%,20%,30% and 50% in volumetric replacement to cement. Tests were performed to characterize cementitious composites, axial compression resistance, capillarity water absorption, tensile strength by diametric compression, tensile strength in flexion, static elasticity module and dynamic. Expansion tests were performed in mortar bars by the accelerated method in order to evaluate the mitigation of expansions. The results show that the incorporation of glass powder did not interfere in the workability of the mixture in the fresh state, and reduced the air content incorporated into the mixture. There was an improvement in the mechanical and physical properties of cementitious composites from 28 days, such as a decrease in water absorption by capillarity and resistance to axial compression, obtaining the highest value for composite with 30% of glass powder in 129.03 MPa and high elasticity modules, in order of 45 to 50 GPa, characteristics of high performance concrete. Concerning the results found for cementitious composites with incorporation of glass powder, they reached values close to those of the reference material. Already for the specific tests of Alkali-Silica Reaction, it is noted that the contents of 10 and 20% of glass powder incorporation increased expansions in the mortar bars studied and the contents of 30 and 50% decreased to expansions, reaching dimensional variations close to 0%. Therefore, the behavior in the face of the Alkali-Silica Reaction varied according to the glass powder content of the mixtures. It was found that 30 and 50% of incorporation are the optimal substitution levels in relation to the alkali-silica reaction.
Compósitos de alginato como material inteligente, modulação de solubilidade e objeto de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-06)
Cacuro, Thiago Aguiar
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Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
Alginate is a nontoxic, biocompatible polymer, that is easily obtainable. It can form gels through crosslinking when in contact with bivalent metal ions (ionic alginate gel) or through intermolecular bonds by exposure to a pH smaller than its monomers pKa (acid alginate gel). In the first part of this work, coreshell composites in the form of beads, were developed. These beads are composed of a mixture of acid and ionic alginate gel, with a novel phenomenon to alginate beads, those beads open, when exposed to neutral pH. The composites were characterized and their application as a pH-controlled release device was tested. In the controlled release tests, the methylene blue dye was used as a model molecule. In the second part of this work, the modulation of sodium alginate solubility, was made by the addition of an ester group in the chemical structure of the alginate. After esterification, the ester group was functionalized by the addition of a thiol group as proof of concept. The addition of the ether group promoted a modulation of the alginate solubility, making it soluble in organic solvents. In the last part of this work, polymers were used as a teaching object. Practical experiments using polymers were planned and applied with students, exposing the practical class protocol, its application with graduate students and the pedagogical results of these experiments. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness in the acquisition of knowledge and applicability in teaching of those protocols.
Caracterização das nascentes e ecossistemas dependentes das águas subterrâneas: estudo de caso no município de Analândia-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-06)
Luiz, Junio da Silva
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Ferreira, Marcilene Dantas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1557946634389893
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870880968252584
The analysis of springs by models to geomorphological aspects and by studies of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) are good tools to manage water resources. However, there is a lack of information, both on the classification of springs and on the GDEs. The objective of this work is to provide subsidies to increase the understanding about the themes. For this, a field study was carried out in the city of Analândia-SP, and from 28 springs several aspects were addressed regarding the classification of springs and the GDEs, using the models already available in the literature and trying to understand the relationship with the springs found in the field. Springs were found that fit 06 geomorphological models of springs and a range of information related to GDEs. It was possible, from the results, to see that the models adopted and the GDEs compression can be two useful tools for decision making.
Construções políticas das concepções ambientais/climáticas na Argentina: mudanças e continuidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-07)
Braga, Patricia Benedita Aparecida
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Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0569884644750105
Argentina sanctified the UNFCCC in 1993 and accomplished its differentiated obligations, the creation of the National Comunications (mapping of causes and possible solutions for climate changes in a national scale). Thus, the present work has the general goal of understanding the historical and contextual meaning attributed by the Argentinian State to the climate changes, by the tracing of ideational and contextual changes. In specific terms, there are four purposes: to understand Argentina's participation in the genesis of the global environmental debate; to analyse the country's possible pioneerism in the South America region in the way of handling the environment issue; to highlight how the idea of environment has changed throughout the years (from primordial element of possible economical and political transformation to a instrumentalized unit by the principle of economical gain and loss); and, description and processual analysis of institutional and ideational aspects and agents involved in the construction of the climate and environmental issues by the Argentinian State. As an analytical guide the discursive institutionalism and its dialogue with other institutionalisms (rational choice, historical and sociological) was operationalized by the selection of works by Argentinian intellectuals who worked with this theme. In methodological terms, the process tracing, the documental analysis and semistructured interviews conducted the analysis. In general terms, it is concluded that the Argentinian State was the exponent in the genesis of the debate on the global environmental issue and in the handling of this issue as a political problem, besides being the pioneer regarding the ideational conception of environment as a central changer of the international economical reality (Péron). And, that the conceptions about climate changes in current times goes beyond the relative capacity of the country of changing the causes of the problem and the ideational understanding of the "State", by his agents (of several natures) of understanding the gains and losses of acting in the face of the phenomenon, clearly shown by directions and discreet changes, whether in national terms or international ones.
Effect of structural singularities on superwettability of SiO₂-based coatings
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-07)
Castro, Lucas Daniel Chiba de
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Larocca, Nelson Marcos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5019620288988253
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Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
A detailed study on the correlation between structural singularities and wettability of neat and chemically modified coatings prepared from layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) was performed. Nanoporous-driven superhydrophilicity of neat SiO₂-based coatings might not be mainly governed by thickness as usually reported in literature; instead, superficial homogeneity should be carefully considered and, if a uniform nanoporous structure is obtained, superhydrophilic behavior should be observed. Here, highly homogeneous structures were achieved by employing water-based dipping suspensions containing above 0.03 wt% of SiO₂ with 7nm and 22nm of diameter. Aiming the completely opposite wetting behavior, chemically modified hierarchical structures were prepared using two different approaches: random roughened surfaces were obtained by exploring stacking defects spontaneously arisen after 15, 30 and 45 assembly cycles of small SiO₂ particles; while a particular structure, commonly known as raspberry-like, was obtained by depositing small SiO₂ (“berries”) over the first deposited large SiO₂ (“cores”). As an intrinsic feature of the studied system, the average slope of random roughened surfaces seems to be constant and virtually independent of the number of deposited layers. Additionally, the local slopes were always lower than a critical value (Φcrit) required to stabilize the solid-liquid-air interface, therefore, and a fully wetted Wenzel state with water contact angle (WCA) of approximately 130⁰ was invariably observed. On the other hand, since the local slopes of the raspberry-like structure follow a nearly spherical curvature, small SiO₂ can stabilize the solid-liquid-air interface by increasing the local contact angle and avoiding the deep penetration of water into the surface asperities. For the studied conditions, WCA as large as 167⁰ was observed. The small berries might also play an important role in the pinning effect of the solid-liquid-air contact line, bringing to life the phenomena so-called Lotus Effect.
Potencial de utilização de resíduos de filmes poliméricos e de fibras de vidro provenientes do processo de fabricação de pás eólicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-08)
Fernandes, Anderson Pires
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Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5566863471180024
The investments made in wind energy have been growing globally over the years, aiming at sustainable alternatives for the segment. However, this growth carries with it an increase in the consumption of production materials and wastes from its processes, which if not properly treated cause negative impacts to the environment. In a society increasingly attentive to ecological issues, concepts of reuse and recycling have been widely disseminated as ways of mitigating the aggression caused by the incorrect disposal of materials in the environment. Thus, in order to contribute to the sustainability of wind turbine manufacturing processes, this study investigates opportunities to reuse two types of waste from these industries: vacuum infusion polymer films and stitched and random glass fiber fabrics. Due to unsatisfactory initial results presented when using these materials together in the hot compression molding process, it was necessary to use them separately and in different molding processes. The first part of the study investigates alternative recycling of polymeric vacuum bag films that are discarded after the manufacturing process of wind turbine blades. The work involved the reuse of this type of polymer film by means of a hot molding process in a hydraulic press. After molding, the plates were cut into specimens for mechanical evaluation in flexural and impact tests and for Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the waste analyzed is polyamide (nylon) and its mechanical properties are close to the properties mentioned in the literature for this type of polymer, being indicated for use in molding and/or machining of objects such as bearings, gears, rollers, guides and various pieces of industrial equipment. In the second part, the study proposes an alternative method for the reuse of glass fiber wastes (stitched and random) in the manufacture of new thermosetting polymer composites. Here, stitched fabrics from manufacturing processes were used, as well as material refused for technical non-compliance. Ten composites with different layers and fabric arrangements were prepared, which were mechanically evaluated in flexural and tensile and thermally by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The preparation process used was the resin transfer molding (RTM) whereby the polymer resin is suctioned into the fiber reinforcements, giving rise to the composites. The resin used in the moldings was the unsaturated polyester type of trade name Arazyn 13.0. Finally, the statistical analysis of mechanical results, performed according to Tukey's methodology, revealed that the number of glass fiber layers is determinant for mechanical properties of the composite, whereas the orientation of the fabrics inside the composites does not present significant differences. Depending on the application of the composites, if higher or lower mechanical resistance is required, other arrangements can be analyzed in order to obtain the desired properties. The composites developed can be applied as materials to obtain products such as doors, floors, walls, office partitions and other furniture with flat surface.
Os cães de trenó na Terra do Fogo (Argentina) e o que eles têm a nos ensinar sobre o trabalho animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-08)
Fanaro, Luisa Amador
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Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8167351407012319
This dissertation is the result of field research whose objective was to study the relationships between humans (especially mushers and tourists) and sled dogs – which are, from the mushers’ perspective, working dogs – in tourism in Ushuaia (capital of Tierra del Fuego province/Argentina), focusing the ethnography on the practical and semiotic relationships involved in sled rides, dog breeding and the small local sled race, Encuentro Musher. Beyond sled dogs, however, in Tierra del Fuego I came across with several other dogs in other contexts, such as the stray dogs on the streets of Ushuaia and the “wild dogs” – which are a major socioeconomic problem and, therefore, are subject to being eliminated. In this sense, I suggest that in fuegian lands the different statuses of dogs (ranging from domestic/working to wild/feral to interstitial categories) fluctuate according to the existence (or not) of a social “function”, meaning animal work. Thus, I argue that in this context it is only possible to think of sled dogs by reflecting on these other dogs that make up the relationships between humans and animals in this part of the planet. This dissertation’s scope was, then, the elaboration of a multispecific ethnography that took into account both humans and dogs (and sleds), as well as a reflection on animal work, its possibilities and its limits.
Plano de Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos de Campina do Monte Alegre, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-08)
Boniolo, Vinicius Rainer
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Grigoletto, Fábio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2398917544592259
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Periotto, Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301456352208939
It was proposed here to characterize the municipal solid waste collection system of the municipality, to diagnose the solid waste generated or administered containing the origin, volume and characterization of waste, including related environmental liabilities, to understand the possibilities of environmentally appropriate final destinations, identify consortium or shared solutions with other generators, propose preventive and corrective actions to be performed in situations of mismanagement or accidents, and propose routes for the collection of domestic solid waste and for selective collection. Thus, with the theoretical framework raised and the various results obtained in this work, an important theoretical tool was developed so that the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management of Campina do Monte Alegre will be put into practice in the near future. This research will certainly help the fulfillment of the propositions foreseen over the next years, however, it is known that the implementation of this Plan will depend on political articulations of the municipal public management in question. Its implementation will be of great importance, as it will bring positive consequences, leading the municipality to social inclusion and will significantly reduce the environmental impacts caused by improper disposal of waste. Reflections of the results of this work will be achieved over the years, that is, in the medium or long term, as there are specific goals to be met in different sectors of the city hall, with different schedules. Finally, it can be stated that the management plan will contribute to the municipality in question to comply with the Law, and to broaden respect for public health, technical, environmental, social and administrative issues
Fisiologia de microalgas em vinhaça tratada e a temática dos resíduos na educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-11)
Candido, Camila
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3632673175268915
Vinasse is a highly polluting waste of the sugar-alcohol industry and generated in large quantities. Microalgae cultivation in vinasse is a way to use and treat the waste, save on the production of culture media and generate high value biomass. Several studies address this use, but there is a literature gap on investigations that improve the conditions to make its large-scale application viable. Studies are needed to select vinasse-tolerant strains, less costly residue treatments and algal biomass productivity determinations that consider the contaminant microorganisms inherent in waste cultures, such as fungi and bacteria. In this study two waste treatments, centrifugation and adsorption on smectite clay and activated charcoal were compared. Centrifugation was more economically and environmentally viable and, therefore, was adopted during this research. Ten microalgae strains were cultivated at different concentrations of the centrifuged vinasse and the most productive species were selected. As a means of increasing biomass production, the efficiencies of acclimation and artificial selection of microalgae were evaluated, but no positive results were obtianed. However, high microalgae productivities were obtained cultivating microalgae at predetermined concentrations of treated vinasse. Higher dry biomass, cell biovolumes, productivities and amount of total proteins were obtained in comparison with controls in BG11. In addition, these biomass produced in vinasse had a low proportion of contaminants, up to 22%. Haematococcus pluvialis, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetraselmis gracilis stood out for their high productivity. All strains evaluated had myxotrophic metabolism, but with different proportions regarding the use of inorganic and organic carbon. Evaluating conceptions of elementary students in relation to the theme of waste, it was observed that issues involving effluents, environmental legislation, regulatory agencies and mitigating measures are little known, which may explain the lack of action and recognition of environmental research by the society. We proposed a short course addressing different aspects of the theme, which proved to be important for changing behaviors towards the environment, and may contribute to the occurrence of future environmental preservation actions. Either by the selection of promising conditions for algal cultivation in vinasse or by the environmental education approach having waste as theme, this doctoral thesis is a contribution to a more sustainable and clean ethanol production.
Entre o Estado e o capital: ferrovia e territorialidade em Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-12)
Mauá Filho, Clovis Hiran Fuentes
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Franca, Gilberto Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0719933710223265
This paper aims to understand the ongoing process of degradation of railway structures in the city of Sorocaba, inaugurated after the privatization of 1998 and which led to the abandonment and ruin of various railway structures in the city, as well as the interests involved in the recent dispute over the new social uses of this railway heritage. It was sought to link the (past and present) relationship between the railroad and the city to the formation of local territoriality, by studying the historical development of the railroad in Sorocaba and its role in urban production. To this end, support was sought through David Harvey's theory of uneven geographical development, as well as his tripartite spatial theory. For the understanding of territorial issues, an analysis was composed involving several authors, with emphasis on Michel Foucault, Jean Gottmann, Claude Raffestin and David Harvey. Both to understand the railroad as an artificer in the production of urban space and to analyze its degradation in Sorocaba, it was sought to understand through its characteristics as fixed capital, based on the Marxist definition and David Harvey's reading about the geographical impacts of this form of capital. In order to analyze the territorial interests and disputes involved, the understanding of the relations between state and capital was prioritized, giving a brief history about the railway development in the country with emphasis on this relationship, and the theoretical support of Giovanni Arrighi, David Harvey and Nicos Poulantzas. Finally, a survey was made of the current situation of the railway structures in Sorocaba, defining actors and interests related to the railway in the city, through photographic study, analysis of official documents and journalistic material.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um programa de ensino informatizado para compreensão leitora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-12)
Gonçalves Neto, José Umbelino
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7308238734507467
In Applied Behavior Analysis, computerized teaching programs have been developed for the teaching of reading. The objective of this research was to develop a computerized teaching program to evaluate and exercise the reading of texts. We made a theoretical review in the Behavior Analysis literature, and thus we proposed an operational analysis of the concept of reading comprehension, as well as the theoretical foundation to elaborate didactic materials aimed at teaching the comprehension of texts. We developed a computerized program for teaching reading comprehension, called the Fable Reading Program. The Program employs different teaching resources such as questions of literal and inferential comprehension, immediate reinforcement, and increasing and gradual difficulty level. To evaluate how the Program functions, three studies were performed. The first sought to evaluate the effects of the Program on the reading comprehension of the participants. Twenty-four children, with an average age of 10 years, enrolled in the 5th grade of a public school in the city of São Carlos-SP participated in the study. Participants were divided into experimental group (n = 14) and control group (n = 10). They were assessed by a standardized reading comprehension test, PROCOMLE, and by the Program's test books. Results indicated performance improvements of the experimental group. The second study also sought to evaluate the effects of the Program on the reading comprehension of the participants. Sixtysix students from the same school, grade and age group of the previous study participated in this study but composing a single experimental group. We assessed their performance in the Program's test books. In the first block of the Program, we could observe that the average of scores fell in books that introduced inferential questions, indicating the need to include cues that facilitate learning to make inferences in reading; In Blocks B, C and D, the average number of scores remained stable, suggesting that, despite the increasing complexity of books, participants had gains in learning. The third study investigated which were the most difficult questions for students to make adjustments and improvements to the Program based on the data. Data from the 66 participants from the previous study were analyzed. From descriptive statistics, it was found that throughout the Program, in the version tested in this research, there were a total of 24 questions that proved to be the most difficult for participants. Once the target questions were identified, a qualitative analysis was performed describing the stimulus control relationships involved in reading the narratives and resolving the questions. Considering the challenges for teaching reading comprehension, this work was a starting point for future research to continue, as much remains to be improved and tested. More learning resources need to be incorporated into the Program to ensure its effectiveness as a teaching procedure.
Utilização de resíduos da indústria calçadista em blendas de polietileno e polipropileno reciclados provenientes de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (REEE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-18)
Barrios, Christian Camilo Cuello
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Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1927757605801581
A few years ago, a considerable increase occurred in the production, the consumption, and the generation rate of solid plastic waste (RSP). Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) falls into the category of high value and hazardousness, which is not appropriate to be disposed in landfills due to economic and environmental unfeasibility. On the other hand, fabrics and rubbers generated by the footwear industry are sent to landfills due to the difficulty of reintroduction in the production processes. In this context, the goal of the present work was the development of polymeric composites with the incorporation of different contents (10 and 20 wt%) of tennis residue (TW) in the recycled Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) blend from WEEE, compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride (MA). The materials were molded by extrusion-injection, and the composition with the best mechanical properties was also molded by hot compression, aiming to compare both molding methods and choose the more suitable productive method. For this, the developed mixtures were characterized by mechanical tests (flexural, tensile, impact and hardness), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA / DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mixture with the best mechanical properties used 10% TW, 6% MA and PP/PE in equal proportion, improving both the flexural and the tensile strengths compared to the properties of untreated PE and PP polymers. An improvement in the impact resistance was observed due to the addition of TW and MA. Through thermal analysis, it was observed that the incorporation of TW in the PE/PP blend practically did not change the melting temperature. In this sense, the incorporation of TW into the PE/PP blend has shown satisfactory results, enabling the recycling of these three different wastes, while promoting the possibility of their reinsertion the productive process and providing information to allow the development of new products in the direction of the circular economy.
Tradução comentada da escala de ansiedade em matemática (EAM) para a língua brasileira de sinais (Libras)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-18)
Dias, Vitor de Souza
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Nascimento, Marcus Vinícius Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893740212695470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5947065969125963
The general objective of this research was to make the commented translation of the Mathematical Anxiety Scale (Escala de Ansiedade a Matematica - EAM), developed by Carmo (2008), into Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The Scale was elaborate at the Laboratory of Applied Studies on Learning and Cognition (LEAAC) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The translation described here was the first step of a larger project for the assessment of anxiety in mathematics of deaf students. To support this study, an articulation was made between the contributions of Bakhtinian studies to the intermodal translation, translation studies on evaluative protocols, and commented translation research. The EAM consists of 25 questions with 5 answers on the theme of anxiety to mathematics in educational contexts. The translation was carried out with a team of four people (two psychology, department teachers, one special education graduate student ando ne TILSP undergraduate student - UFSCar) and took place at the Sign Language AV Translation Lab (LATRAVILIS/DPsi/UFSCar) in 5 steps: (i) previous study of the material by each team member; (ii) collective study of the material; (iii) recording of the translation; (iv) validation of translation by deaf and hearing judges; and (v) recording the translation based on the judges' suggestions. The evaluation of gender and target audience, considering their culture and language, were extremely important aspects in the process, because the translation was built thinking about how this material would be understood by deaf children. Given this, the translation team considered, among other points, which signals would be most appropriate, considering the cultural differences of the audiences involved in the evaluation and how the typology should be presented from the cultural issues of the target audience of the translation. Among the challenges of translation, the maintenance of specific terms, due to the hermetic condition of the genre, presented itself as the greatest, since, from the Bakhtinian point of view, there are no correspondences between languages. Another point that presented itself as a challenge was the difference between language and language use modalities: text written in Portuguese and text signed in Libras. It is hoped that with this research, discussions on the translation of evaluative protocols will be initiated by sign language translators and interpreters, as well as by professionals interested in conducting psychological, linguistic and educational assessments with deaf subjects.
Ginástica e educação física no instituto Benjamin Constant de 1930 a 1979: entre a conformação e a formação humanística da pessoa cega
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-18)
Moises, Ronaldo Rodrigues
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2888981523611819
This research investigates the development of Gymnastics with its subsequent unfolding in the discipline Physical Education at the Benjamin Constant Institute (IBC) in the temporal cutout from 1930 to 1979. The IBC was originally created during the monarchic period in 1854 by Don Pedro II, being to the present day the greatest formative reference and care for blind people or visual impairment in all of Latin America. The general objective of this thesis is to analyze the contribution of Gymnastics and Physical Education within the Benjamin Constant Institute in the humanistic formation of blind students between 1930 and 1979, establishing a dialectical correlation with the Brazilian development process observed during the period. The hypothesis defended is that Gymnastics/Physical Education, despite its positivist/militaristic origin for the purpose of forming a strong, obedient, sound and eugenic nation, was treated in the Institute as a counter-hegemonic resource of humanist basis, being a precursor to a process that would later culminate in the social inclusion of blind students. The theoretical framework adopted is linked to historical-dialectical materialism. We used for the investigation of bibliographic and documentary research through primary historical sources as well as synthesis of researchers in the areas of History of Education, History of Physical Education and History of Special Education. It was concluded that Physical Education followed the development of varied ideas and the process of development of national historical time, presenting in the IBC proposals with the biases, playful, eugenic, splicitive, sportsmanship and pedagogical rethinking, however, linked to the capitalist mode of production and its hegemonic ideology presenting, at different times, flashes of contribution of humanistic formation, counter-hegemonic and socialization to blind students.