Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-11-08"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 11441

Potencial de utilização de resíduos de filmes poliméricos e de fibras de vidro provenientes do processo de fabricação de pás eólicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-08)
Fernandes, Anderson Pires
;
Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5566863471180024
The investments made in wind energy have been growing globally over the years, aiming at sustainable alternatives for the segment. However, this growth carries with it an increase in the consumption of production materials and wastes from its processes, which if not properly treated cause negative impacts to the environment. In a society increasingly attentive to ecological issues, concepts of reuse and recycling have been widely disseminated as ways of mitigating the aggression caused by the incorrect disposal of materials in the environment. Thus, in order to contribute to the sustainability of wind turbine manufacturing processes, this study investigates opportunities to reuse two types of waste from these industries: vacuum infusion polymer films and stitched and random glass fiber fabrics. Due to unsatisfactory initial results presented when using these materials together in the hot compression molding process, it was necessary to use them separately and in different molding processes. The first part of the study investigates alternative recycling of polymeric vacuum bag films that are discarded after the manufacturing process of wind turbine blades. The work involved the reuse of this type of polymer film by means of a hot molding process in a hydraulic press. After molding, the plates were cut into specimens for mechanical evaluation in flexural and impact tests and for Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the waste analyzed is polyamide (nylon) and its mechanical properties are close to the properties mentioned in the literature for this type of polymer, being indicated for use in molding and/or machining of objects such as bearings, gears, rollers, guides and various pieces of industrial equipment. In the second part, the study proposes an alternative method for the reuse of glass fiber wastes (stitched and random) in the manufacture of new thermosetting polymer composites. Here, stitched fabrics from manufacturing processes were used, as well as material refused for technical non-compliance. Ten composites with different layers and fabric arrangements were prepared, which were mechanically evaluated in flexural and tensile and thermally by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The preparation process used was the resin transfer molding (RTM) whereby the polymer resin is suctioned into the fiber reinforcements, giving rise to the composites. The resin used in the moldings was the unsaturated polyester type of trade name Arazyn 13.0. Finally, the statistical analysis of mechanical results, performed according to Tukey's methodology, revealed that the number of glass fiber layers is determinant for mechanical properties of the composite, whereas the orientation of the fabrics inside the composites does not present significant differences. Depending on the application of the composites, if higher or lower mechanical resistance is required, other arrangements can be analyzed in order to obtain the desired properties. The composites developed can be applied as materials to obtain products such as doors, floors, walls, office partitions and other furniture with flat surface.
Os cães de trenó na Terra do Fogo (Argentina) e o que eles têm a nos ensinar sobre o trabalho animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-08)
Fanaro, Luisa Amador
;
Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8167351407012319
This dissertation is the result of field research whose objective was to study the relationships between humans (especially mushers and tourists) and sled dogs – which are, from the mushers’ perspective, working dogs – in tourism in Ushuaia (capital of Tierra del Fuego province/Argentina), focusing the ethnography on the practical and semiotic relationships involved in sled rides, dog breeding and the small local sled race, Encuentro Musher. Beyond sled dogs, however, in Tierra del Fuego I came across with several other dogs in other contexts, such as the stray dogs on the streets of Ushuaia and the “wild dogs” – which are a major socioeconomic problem and, therefore, are subject to being eliminated. In this sense, I suggest that in fuegian lands the different statuses of dogs (ranging from domestic/working to wild/feral to interstitial categories) fluctuate according to the existence (or not) of a social “function”, meaning animal work. Thus, I argue that in this context it is only possible to think of sled dogs by reflecting on these other dogs that make up the relationships between humans and animals in this part of the planet. This dissertation’s scope was, then, the elaboration of a multispecific ethnography that took into account both humans and dogs (and sleds), as well as a reflection on animal work, its possibilities and its limits.
Plano de Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos de Campina do Monte Alegre, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-08)
Boniolo, Vinicius Rainer
;
Grigoletto, Fábio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2398917544592259
;
Periotto, Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301456352208939
It was proposed here to characterize the municipal solid waste collection system of the municipality, to diagnose the solid waste generated or administered containing the origin, volume and characterization of waste, including related environmental liabilities, to understand the possibilities of environmentally appropriate final destinations, identify consortium or shared solutions with other generators, propose preventive and corrective actions to be performed in situations of mismanagement or accidents, and propose routes for the collection of domestic solid waste and for selective collection. Thus, with the theoretical framework raised and the various results obtained in this work, an important theoretical tool was developed so that the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management of Campina do Monte Alegre will be put into practice in the near future. This research will certainly help the fulfillment of the propositions foreseen over the next years, however, it is known that the implementation of this Plan will depend on political articulations of the municipal public management in question. Its implementation will be of great importance, as it will bring positive consequences, leading the municipality to social inclusion and will significantly reduce the environmental impacts caused by improper disposal of waste. Reflections of the results of this work will be achieved over the years, that is, in the medium or long term, as there are specific goals to be met in different sectors of the city hall, with different schedules. Finally, it can be stated that the management plan will contribute to the municipality in question to comply with the Law, and to broaden respect for public health, technical, environmental, social and administrative issues
Fisiologia de microalgas em vinhaça tratada e a temática dos resíduos na educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-11)
Candido, Camila
;
Lombardi, Ana Teresa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3632673175268915
Vinasse is a highly polluting waste of the sugar-alcohol industry and generated in large quantities. Microalgae cultivation in vinasse is a way to use and treat the waste, save on the production of culture media and generate high value biomass. Several studies address this use, but there is a literature gap on investigations that improve the conditions to make its large-scale application viable. Studies are needed to select vinasse-tolerant strains, less costly residue treatments and algal biomass productivity determinations that consider the contaminant microorganisms inherent in waste cultures, such as fungi and bacteria. In this study two waste treatments, centrifugation and adsorption on smectite clay and activated charcoal were compared. Centrifugation was more economically and environmentally viable and, therefore, was adopted during this research. Ten microalgae strains were cultivated at different concentrations of the centrifuged vinasse and the most productive species were selected. As a means of increasing biomass production, the efficiencies of acclimation and artificial selection of microalgae were evaluated, but no positive results were obtianed. However, high microalgae productivities were obtained cultivating microalgae at predetermined concentrations of treated vinasse. Higher dry biomass, cell biovolumes, productivities and amount of total proteins were obtained in comparison with controls in BG11. In addition, these biomass produced in vinasse had a low proportion of contaminants, up to 22%. Haematococcus pluvialis, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetraselmis gracilis stood out for their high productivity. All strains evaluated had myxotrophic metabolism, but with different proportions regarding the use of inorganic and organic carbon. Evaluating conceptions of elementary students in relation to the theme of waste, it was observed that issues involving effluents, environmental legislation, regulatory agencies and mitigating measures are little known, which may explain the lack of action and recognition of environmental research by the society. We proposed a short course addressing different aspects of the theme, which proved to be important for changing behaviors towards the environment, and may contribute to the occurrence of future environmental preservation actions. Either by the selection of promising conditions for algal cultivation in vinasse or by the environmental education approach having waste as theme, this doctoral thesis is a contribution to a more sustainable and clean ethanol production.
Entre o Estado e o capital: ferrovia e territorialidade em Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-12)
Mauá Filho, Clovis Hiran Fuentes
;
Franca, Gilberto Cunha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0719933710223265
This paper aims to understand the ongoing process of degradation of railway structures in the city of Sorocaba, inaugurated after the privatization of 1998 and which led to the abandonment and ruin of various railway structures in the city, as well as the interests involved in the recent dispute over the new social uses of this railway heritage. It was sought to link the (past and present) relationship between the railroad and the city to the formation of local territoriality, by studying the historical development of the railroad in Sorocaba and its role in urban production. To this end, support was sought through David Harvey's theory of uneven geographical development, as well as his tripartite spatial theory. For the understanding of territorial issues, an analysis was composed involving several authors, with emphasis on Michel Foucault, Jean Gottmann, Claude Raffestin and David Harvey. Both to understand the railroad as an artificer in the production of urban space and to analyze its degradation in Sorocaba, it was sought to understand through its characteristics as fixed capital, based on the Marxist definition and David Harvey's reading about the geographical impacts of this form of capital. In order to analyze the territorial interests and disputes involved, the understanding of the relations between state and capital was prioritized, giving a brief history about the railway development in the country with emphasis on this relationship, and the theoretical support of Giovanni Arrighi, David Harvey and Nicos Poulantzas. Finally, a survey was made of the current situation of the railway structures in Sorocaba, defining actors and interests related to the railway in the city, through photographic study, analysis of official documents and journalistic material.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um programa de ensino informatizado para compreensão leitora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-12)
Gonçalves Neto, José Umbelino
;
Domeniconi, Camila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7308238734507467
In Applied Behavior Analysis, computerized teaching programs have been developed for the teaching of reading. The objective of this research was to develop a computerized teaching program to evaluate and exercise the reading of texts. We made a theoretical review in the Behavior Analysis literature, and thus we proposed an operational analysis of the concept of reading comprehension, as well as the theoretical foundation to elaborate didactic materials aimed at teaching the comprehension of texts. We developed a computerized program for teaching reading comprehension, called the Fable Reading Program. The Program employs different teaching resources such as questions of literal and inferential comprehension, immediate reinforcement, and increasing and gradual difficulty level. To evaluate how the Program functions, three studies were performed. The first sought to evaluate the effects of the Program on the reading comprehension of the participants. Twenty-four children, with an average age of 10 years, enrolled in the 5th grade of a public school in the city of São Carlos-SP participated in the study. Participants were divided into experimental group (n = 14) and control group (n = 10). They were assessed by a standardized reading comprehension test, PROCOMLE, and by the Program's test books. Results indicated performance improvements of the experimental group. The second study also sought to evaluate the effects of the Program on the reading comprehension of the participants. Sixtysix students from the same school, grade and age group of the previous study participated in this study but composing a single experimental group. We assessed their performance in the Program's test books. In the first block of the Program, we could observe that the average of scores fell in books that introduced inferential questions, indicating the need to include cues that facilitate learning to make inferences in reading; In Blocks B, C and D, the average number of scores remained stable, suggesting that, despite the increasing complexity of books, participants had gains in learning. The third study investigated which were the most difficult questions for students to make adjustments and improvements to the Program based on the data. Data from the 66 participants from the previous study were analyzed. From descriptive statistics, it was found that throughout the Program, in the version tested in this research, there were a total of 24 questions that proved to be the most difficult for participants. Once the target questions were identified, a qualitative analysis was performed describing the stimulus control relationships involved in reading the narratives and resolving the questions. Considering the challenges for teaching reading comprehension, this work was a starting point for future research to continue, as much remains to be improved and tested. More learning resources need to be incorporated into the Program to ensure its effectiveness as a teaching procedure.
Utilização de resíduos da indústria calçadista em blendas de polietileno e polipropileno reciclados provenientes de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (REEE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-18)
Barrios, Christian Camilo Cuello
;
Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1927757605801581
A few years ago, a considerable increase occurred in the production, the consumption, and the generation rate of solid plastic waste (RSP). Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) falls into the category of high value and hazardousness, which is not appropriate to be disposed in landfills due to economic and environmental unfeasibility. On the other hand, fabrics and rubbers generated by the footwear industry are sent to landfills due to the difficulty of reintroduction in the production processes. In this context, the goal of the present work was the development of polymeric composites with the incorporation of different contents (10 and 20 wt%) of tennis residue (TW) in the recycled Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) blend from WEEE, compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride (MA). The materials were molded by extrusion-injection, and the composition with the best mechanical properties was also molded by hot compression, aiming to compare both molding methods and choose the more suitable productive method. For this, the developed mixtures were characterized by mechanical tests (flexural, tensile, impact and hardness), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA / DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mixture with the best mechanical properties used 10% TW, 6% MA and PP/PE in equal proportion, improving both the flexural and the tensile strengths compared to the properties of untreated PE and PP polymers. An improvement in the impact resistance was observed due to the addition of TW and MA. Through thermal analysis, it was observed that the incorporation of TW in the PE/PP blend practically did not change the melting temperature. In this sense, the incorporation of TW into the PE/PP blend has shown satisfactory results, enabling the recycling of these three different wastes, while promoting the possibility of their reinsertion the productive process and providing information to allow the development of new products in the direction of the circular economy.
Tradução comentada da escala de ansiedade em matemática (EAM) para a língua brasileira de sinais (Libras)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-18)
Dias, Vitor de Souza
;
Nascimento, Marcus Vinícius Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893740212695470
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5947065969125963
The general objective of this research was to make the commented translation of the Mathematical Anxiety Scale (Escala de Ansiedade a Matematica - EAM), developed by Carmo (2008), into Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The Scale was elaborate at the Laboratory of Applied Studies on Learning and Cognition (LEAAC) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The translation described here was the first step of a larger project for the assessment of anxiety in mathematics of deaf students. To support this study, an articulation was made between the contributions of Bakhtinian studies to the intermodal translation, translation studies on evaluative protocols, and commented translation research. The EAM consists of 25 questions with 5 answers on the theme of anxiety to mathematics in educational contexts. The translation was carried out with a team of four people (two psychology, department teachers, one special education graduate student ando ne TILSP undergraduate student - UFSCar) and took place at the Sign Language AV Translation Lab (LATRAVILIS/DPsi/UFSCar) in 5 steps: (i) previous study of the material by each team member; (ii) collective study of the material; (iii) recording of the translation; (iv) validation of translation by deaf and hearing judges; and (v) recording the translation based on the judges' suggestions. The evaluation of gender and target audience, considering their culture and language, were extremely important aspects in the process, because the translation was built thinking about how this material would be understood by deaf children. Given this, the translation team considered, among other points, which signals would be most appropriate, considering the cultural differences of the audiences involved in the evaluation and how the typology should be presented from the cultural issues of the target audience of the translation. Among the challenges of translation, the maintenance of specific terms, due to the hermetic condition of the genre, presented itself as the greatest, since, from the Bakhtinian point of view, there are no correspondences between languages. Another point that presented itself as a challenge was the difference between language and language use modalities: text written in Portuguese and text signed in Libras. It is hoped that with this research, discussions on the translation of evaluative protocols will be initiated by sign language translators and interpreters, as well as by professionals interested in conducting psychological, linguistic and educational assessments with deaf subjects.
Ginástica e educação física no instituto Benjamin Constant de 1930 a 1979: entre a conformação e a formação humanística da pessoa cega
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-18)
Moises, Ronaldo Rodrigues
;
Bittar, Marisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2888981523611819
This research investigates the development of Gymnastics with its subsequent unfolding in the discipline Physical Education at the Benjamin Constant Institute (IBC) in the temporal cutout from 1930 to 1979. The IBC was originally created during the monarchic period in 1854 by Don Pedro II, being to the present day the greatest formative reference and care for blind people or visual impairment in all of Latin America. The general objective of this thesis is to analyze the contribution of Gymnastics and Physical Education within the Benjamin Constant Institute in the humanistic formation of blind students between 1930 and 1979, establishing a dialectical correlation with the Brazilian development process observed during the period. The hypothesis defended is that Gymnastics/Physical Education, despite its positivist/militaristic origin for the purpose of forming a strong, obedient, sound and eugenic nation, was treated in the Institute as a counter-hegemonic resource of humanist basis, being a precursor to a process that would later culminate in the social inclusion of blind students. The theoretical framework adopted is linked to historical-dialectical materialism. We used for the investigation of bibliographic and documentary research through primary historical sources as well as synthesis of researchers in the areas of History of Education, History of Physical Education and History of Special Education. It was concluded that Physical Education followed the development of varied ideas and the process of development of national historical time, presenting in the IBC proposals with the biases, playful, eugenic, splicitive, sportsmanship and pedagogical rethinking, however, linked to the capitalist mode of production and its hegemonic ideology presenting, at different times, flashes of contribution of humanistic formation, counter-hegemonic and socialization to blind students.
Elaboração e avaliação da eficiência e eficácia de um programa de ensino para capacitar professores a avaliar e a intervir em situações de bullying escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-19)
Panosso, Mariana Gomide
;
Kienen, Nádia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0997667104499788
;
Brino, Rachel de Faria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
The effectiveness of school anti-bullying programs is directly associated to the quality of training offered to teachers, although recent researches have shown that teacher´s training courses are still insufficient on such theme. This thesis aims at implementing a programmed learning based on Programming of Conditions to Development of Behaviors (PCDB) with the aim of enabling teachers to evaluate and intervene in school bullying. This study was divided into four phases: Study 1 presents a systematic review of empirical studies on the capacity of teachers about school bullying by analyzing objectives, participants, dependent and independent variables, content and taught behaviors, training courses and their limitations. The amount of ten articles were selected from ten databases. Despite the fact that this study considered the participation of teachers, the subject of teachers’ training on bullying have been put aside by researches. Only four studies out of ten we found were dedicated to the results of training courses on the teachers’ behavior. The lack of detailed description about behaviors, contents and procedures, and the lack of based-line and follow-up have not been sufficiently taken into account. The second study (Study 2) aims at characterizing teacher´s behavioral repertoire with the purpose of assessing and intervening in school bullying. A survey research took place with 54 teachers who answered an online questionnaire composed by 19 questions. Non-parametric statistics (Spearman rho) and posteriori categorization were applied to the research results. The results showed that teachers presented a low performance in conceiving bullying or even identifying types and forms of bullying, and yet they also showed more competence on identifying the consequences of bullying over the target-student when compared to the consequences over the aggressor and spectators. Thus, it also became clear that the majority of teachers ignore protective and risk measures when students get involved in school bullying. Regarding preventive measures, most of teachers referred to “dialogue/discussions about bullying/awareness/advice” and cited different teaching methodologies, in which became clear their lack of knowledge on preventive measures against school bullying. The participants show a better understanding on dealing with the target student than the ones who engages in bullying. In conclusion, the statistics analysis demonstrated a set of 14 positive variables, of which two of them, “identifying protective variables in the school and risk variables outside the school” and “handling the aggressor´s behavior and handling the target behavior” indicated moderate correlation whilst the others maintained a weak correlation. Study 3 aimed at elaborating a programmed learning based on Programming of Conditions to Development of Behaviors (PCDB) with the aim of enabling teachers to evaluate and intervene in school bullying. This program has been designed in three stages. Stage 1: Describing a problem situation and defining the classes of behavior; Stage 2: Sequencing teaching and defining its units of learning; Stage 3: Elaborating the teaching conditions in order to define the classes of behavior. The result culminated in a program named “Identifying and intervening in school bullying” composed by 143 objective-behavior arranged into three learning units: “Characterizing and identifying acts of bullying in school context”; “Preventing school bullying”; “Handling with school bullying”. As a support material, a 65 learning-conditions manual has been drawn up to be applied in a 20-hour training course. Finally, Study 4 aimed at implementing a programmed learning based on Programming of Conditions to Development of Behaviors (PCDB) with the aim of enabling teachers to evaluate and intervene in school bullying. This study was divided into four phases: the application of a pre-test, training stage, post-test and Follow-up. During the training stage, three evaluations were implemented. In Follow-up, a evaluation and an interview on the efficiency of the teaching program have been carried out. Questionnaires were used for evaluating the dependent variables. Two lines of unique individual have been used, one AB and one of multiple based-line for behaviors. The participants´ responses were evaluated from scaling performance. The results demonstrated that the participants were most capable of conceptualizing bullying, identifying types of bullying, characterizing the target student behaviors, identifying the consequences on the target student and the spectators, identifying risk and protective variables in the school, preventing bullying and handling with the target student behavior, the aggressor and the spectators. The efficiency of the teaching program has been demonstrated by the participants’ reports about their behavior in the school and, also the resolutions of bullying cases. Participants also reported that the same behaviors have been showing in other situations of life (e.g. family and among coworkers). Developing teaching programs based on PCDB and also on the principles and procedures of Experimental Analysis of Behavior increase the probability of objective-behavior to appear in the end of training and still in the external environment.
Funções Lq ultradiferenciáveis globais e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-20)
Rampazo, Patrícia Yukari Sato
;
Hoepfner, Gustavo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742503790793940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9047808021065602
The class of global Gevrey functions was introduced recently by Z. Adwan, G. Hoepfner and A. Raich, the elements in these spaces are defined in terms of its derivatives with estimates that depend on sequences. It is know that in the local case ultradifferentiable functions defined by sequences and weight functions are not always the same. In this work we shall introduce the class of global ultradifferentiable functions according with weight functions, making a study from the point of view of functional analysis. It is possible to characterize these classes of functions by decaying of their FBI transform, that is, there exist a version of Paley-Wiener theorem. Our techniques, when adapted to the local case generalize recent results such as the existence of almost analytic extensions. As application, we introduce global ultradifferentiable vectors and show the validity of the global Kotake-Narasimhan theorem in this setting.
Panorama geral do transporte público e estudo de viabilidade técnica de implantação de corredores de BRT na cidade de Marília-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-20)
Silva, Gabriel Batista Fernandes
;
Hirosue, Fernando Hideki
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3326018548096238
This paper characterizes the public transport system in the city of Marília - SP, with an analysis of its service's quality, and presents an intervention proposal, with the implementation of a Bus Rapid Transit - BRT system in an area where a currently disabled railroad, that crosses the city, is located. The public transport in the city is operated by two companies, which operate in different regions and are represented by an association. A technical visit occurred at one of the concessionaires, and their organization and procedures were observed. The service's quality analysis was made based on technical literature and considered the main indicators of transport quality studied by Ferraz and Torres (2004): accessibility, attendance frequency, time of travel, reliability, safety, bus characteristics, bus stops, information system, connectivity and road conditions. Strengths of service’s quality are accessibility throughout the city, the information system and the universally accessible fleet. The existence of the Terminal is also a strength of the system. The main public transport routes were analyzed and the need for prioritization in the proposed corridor was determined according to the number of buses passing through the area, which was also evaluated based on its characteristics and physical capacity to receive the implementation of a busway. Currently, the corridor has the potential to carry around 35,140 passengers daily.
Sensor óptico baseado em fibra óptica de núcleo vazado e curvatura negativa para detecção simultânea de metano, monóxido de carbono e monóxido de nitrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-20)
Silva, Artur Araujo
;
De Francisco, Carlos Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246572405382250
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4131207039174093
This work demonstrates the potential for application of negative curvature hollow core fibers (HC-NCF) as efficient sensors to monitor three gases simultaneously, methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen monoxide (NO). With the insertion of lateral holes in these fibers, the ambient gas can enter the hollow core, causing the light that propagates in the fiber to interact with this gas. This interaction between light and gas, in spectral regions where the gases present high absorption, allows the monitoring of low concentrations of gases present in the environment, by attenuating the light output. The results of the simulations show a linear behavior of the loss as a function of the gas concentration for the three gases of interest. This linearity between the propagation losses and the variation of the concentrations of gases in the environment can promote its application in the area of health and the environment, to monitor low concentrations of gases with high speed and precision.
Ciência e tecnologia na periferia: uma análise sobre parques tecnológicos e incubadoras no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-21)
Albuquerque, Andreza Dantas
;
Sousa, Cidoval Morais de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573233540937425
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6122335881588099
The proposal is to discuss, from the perspective of Science, Technology and Society (STS) approaches, the characteristics and scope of the development promoted through the promotion of Technology Parks (PqTs) and incubators of companies in Brazil, based on the analysis of policies and cases of pioneering experiences in the country, the Campina Grande (PB) and São Carlos (SP) Technology Parks Foundations. Therefore, an analysis is sought with emphasis on the following questions: What relationship is established between TQT and Development? What is the conception of Science, Technology and Innovation (CT&I) expressed (or between the lines) in public policy proposals for PqT in recent years? What is the nature of the proposed policies, their scope and dialogue with the critical demands for the country's development? What are the actors involved? The analysis is guided by the theoretical assumptions of Latin American Thought in Science, Technology and Society (PLACTS). Methodologically, the work is classified as explanatory research, using the bibliographic and documentary research methods. It uses the content analysis technique for a qualitative, critical and reflexive understanding of the cases, starting from five categories for analysis: Incubator; Technologic Park; Public resources; Partners; and Relationship with the place. Public Policy analysis uses the categories of analysis (context, content and actors) proposed by Araújo and Maciel Filho (2001). Thus, the study presents a critical look at the focus on the creation of PqTs as a development strategy for emerging countries. Subsidized by the information raised, we understand the PqTs as a controversy. The State makes use of these structures as environments capable of producing wealth and metamorphosing into development, even when the objective of the Parks is nothing more than promoting the culture of innovation and competitiveness in the business segment. The recent history of the PqTs is a failure story of the linear model of innovation. This work was carried out with the support of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination - Brazil (CAPES) - Financing Code 001.
Análise dos conteúdos sobre acessibilidade e desenho universal nos cursos de graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo e terapia ocupacional no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-21)
Gomes, Luciene
;
Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0695868190594622
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5418413784503467
Accessibility and Universal Design concepts were initially directed toward the conception of objects, equipment and the physical space of the Person with Deficiency. These themes became more relevant in so far as their usage included people in general, independent of their physical, cognitional and sensorial limitations. Considering the importance of these themes to the professionals of Occupational Therapy and Architecture and Urbanism and the present legislation which refers to these themes, the purpose of this work is to investigate how the concepts of Accessibility and Universal Design are presented on curriculum content of undergraduate programs for those professions, in both Federal and State Brazilian Universities. The sampling criteria in this research took the data of 32 out of 51 courses of Architecture and Urbanism and 8 out of 19 courses of Occupational Therapy . These courses had either (a) Political-pedagogical projects and/or Curriculum Grids available on-line, (b) course description, (c) objectives or (d) contents which dealt with Accessibility and/or Universal Design. These data were analyzed through Content Analysis followed by a descriptive analysis using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results showed that Occupational Therapy courses are more directed towards the user while Architecture and Urbanism courses are more directed towards the space. It was also possible to see several different ways of focusing Accessibility, according to the different discipline subjects. This shows a lack of homogeneity among the universities, in both course-areas. Concerning the concept of Universal Design, while it is included broadly in the programs of Architecture and Urbanism, it is absent in the programs of Occupational Therapy. It was also understood that although there are disciplines that aim at analyzing Accessibility and Universal Design they are either optional or they are only themes which are part of other subjects. Keywords: Architecture and Urbanism, Accessibility, Universal Design, Occupational Therapy, University Graduation Courses.
Abordagem utilizando realidades aumentada e virtual para suportar cursos baseados em metodologias ativas de aprendizagem (AURAV-SCBMAA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-22)
Santos, Helen de Freitas
;
Souza, Wanderley Lopes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742302894743620
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4144138821262565
Over the last few years, the evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has impacted the interaction between people. In Education, significant changes have occurred in student behavior, and traditional teaching-learning processes have not kept pace with these changes. As a consequence, new learning methodologies have emerged, especially Active Learning Methodologies (ALM), where the student is at the center of the teaching-learning process and no longer the teacher, who becomes the tutor. Courses Based on Active Learning Methodologies (CBALM) lack broad computational support, in particular a Learning Management System (LMS) that meets the specifics of the activities of these courses. The Medicine Programme of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) employs MAA and, since its inception in 2006, the Ubiquitous Computing Group of the Department of Computing (DC) of UFSCar has been developing projects in partnership with the Department of Medicine (DMed) of UFSCar to provide appropriate computational support for this course. These projects leaded to the development of the product Educational and Academic Management Software for Courses Based on Active Learning Methodologies (EAMS-CBALM), which is the result of a partnership between DC/UFSCar, DMed/UFSCar, Teaching and Research Institute of the Sírio-Libanês Hospital, and a software house. According to the 2019 New Media Consortium (NMC) report, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are considered emerging technologies to be adopted in Education from 2022 onwards. The main objective of this doctoral project was to investigate the use of AR and VR to support CBALM, in particular at the UFSCar Medicine Programme. For that reason, it was proposed an approach and a software architecture, which uses AR and VR, to guide in the development of computational support for CBALM. This architecture must be coupled to the educational institution's LMS, which in the case of the UFSCar Medicine Programme is the EAMS-CBALM. In order to evaluate the proposed approach and architecture, a prototype was developed for the medical care simulation, to be employed in the Simulation Station and Self-Directed Learning activities of the UFSCar Medicine Programme. For this prototype, were implemented a Virtual Patient to dialogue with the student, and a Virtual Assistant (VA), whose algorithm uses Natural Language Processing to intermediate this dialogue. The VA algorithm obtained and accuracy of 86.21%, slightly lower than 89.66% of the service QnA Maker, but higher than 81.55% of the Machine Learning algorithm.
Caracterização e classificação de resíduos sólidos em instituições de ensino superior: um estudo de caso no Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-22)
Pereira, Gabriela Alves
;
Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7116995577414567
More and more the society has been experiencing a developing process of awareness-raising through its environmental, social and even economic contexts, regarding the products and services used by the population. In this scenario, since the early nineties the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) makes efforts to achieve a self-sustainability and of its surrounding environment. However, despite of the existence of some actions, the role of the higher education system as a player for an effective environmental awareness remains slow. Thus, the concept of continuous improvement takes place, in order to guarantee the continuity of the activities undertaken by the heads of environmental management and sustainability issues at the universities, as well as to encourage an ever-evolving local. The application of this concept represents the main goal of this work, which was focused on the processes of generation and discharge of solid wastes from academic departments of the Exact and Technology Sciences Center (CCET) of UFSCar, at the São Carlos campus. The research is classified as a study of case, with applied nature, and descriptive character. Interviews and questionnaires were applied to the people responsible for generating and discharging solid wastes. The analysis of the obtained data was used to point out an initial scenario of solid wastes occasioned by the studied Academic Center. Furthermore, it was possible to provide an overview of the major features related to the producing sources and the management processes for these materials. Altogether, the identification of significant problematic aspects discussed here leads to need of training programs and new projects to promote new social-environmental believes and proper behavior inside the academic community, in order to make the university an example for environmental matters to its society.
Cromo e zinco influenciam o restabelecimento de plantas de pepino enxertadas?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-22)
Bernardi, Lucas Giovani Pastore
;
Baron, Daniel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054014705484176
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0107363776898557
The essential and nonessential heavy metals zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr), respectively, are found in natural or cultivated areas as contaminants and can cause direct damage to vegetative propagation. A plant species Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) is cultivated using the grafting technique and, provides the crop with characteristics such as heavy metal stress tolerance. In addition, this species shows that it is widely investigated in scientific reports on physiological effects caused by clinical factors, or that it qualifies as a 'plant-model' in investigative studies. We examined the hypothesis that heavy metals influence the grafting reestablishment in cucumber plants grown in the nutrient solution. From this hypothesis, our objective was to evaluate the reestablishing of the post-grafting plant from the essential and non-essential root availability of heavy metals via nutrient solution. We collected, weekly, data of linear plant growth dimensions and quantified chlorophyll and carotenoids. The controls adopted were used from different availability of Zn and Cr heavy metals in isolation and in combination, and control treatment of heavy metals. We conducted a initial test for methodological adjustments and understanding of plant responses and, subsequently, the main experiments with robust data collection, such as plant growth measurements, gas exchange and enzymatic analyzes that are used in the current scientific paper model. To the initial teste, we performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to verify the relationships among the factors studied and the responses. As the ANOVA assumptions were cut from the ShapiroWilk (normality) and Levene (homogeneity of variance) tests. Then, the data means were compared, for example, from the Tukey test. All tests were conducted considering the significance level of α=0.05. Our study can conclude that the grafted cucumber plants showed no post-grafting plant reestablishment even after the application of heavy metals. The plants differed in vegetative growth according to the applied metal concentrations and the control treatment, however this pattern was not observed in relation to chlorophylls and carotenoids, which may be an indicator of full post-grafting plant reestablishment. Thus, we accept the scientific hypothesis by conclude that the essential heavy metal, zinc, and the nonessential, chromium, influence the reestablishment of the graft. In general, we conclude that heavy metals influenced post-grafting plant growth, however the grafting technique can promote a better antioxidant defense system evidenced by the non-alteration of photosynthetic pigments. However, the application of Cr and high doses of Zn affected the plant growth and increased the enzymatic activity of the plants submitted to these treatments.
Língua, cultura e comunidades discursivas: um estudo sobre materiais didáticos de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-27)
Silva, Helena Maria Boschi da
;
Salgado, Luciana Salazar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6333942775772287
Esta tesis ha tenido por objetivo, inicialmente, realizar un estudio discursivo acerca de imaginarios de lengua y de cultura en materiales didácticos de portugués como lengua extranjera. A lo largo de la investigación, a partir del relevamiento de datos realizado en instituciones dedicadas a la enseñanza de portugués como lengua extranjera (PLE) en Buenos Aires que recién han sido sometidas a la producción de materiales propios, de nuestra propia experiencia en la producción de materiales para cursos de PLE en la Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) y de lecturas interdisciplinares asociadas al tema “enseñanza de portugués”, dos desplazamientos se han producido: un foco en el proceso de mediación editorial (SALGADO, 2016b) de los materiales destinados a la enseñanza de portugués como lengua extranjera, de manera a visibilizar su complejidad y coerciones de orden material y simbólica que se imponen en la linealización de los discursos sobre lengua y cultura; y un análisis de matrices discursivas vectorializadas en estos materiales, considerados, de estos modos, como mídiuns (DEBRAY, 1995; 2000), dispositivos históricos que, en la relación que mantienen con instituciones y comunidades productoras de discursos, construyen y estabilizan imaginarios de Brasil y de portugués brasileño. Establecemos como delimitación de la investigación el año de 2017 y materiales didácticos del Centro Cultural Brasil-Argentina (CCBA), de la Casa do Brasil, del Centro Universitario de Idiomas (CUI) y del Laboratorio de Idiomas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), cuatro instituciones de tradición en la enseñanza de PLE en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, además de las unidades didácticas digitales producidas para hispanohablantes disponibles en el Portal do Professor de Português Língua Estrangeira (PPPLE), también reunidas en este periodo de tiempo. Para suplir los engranajes institucionales directamente implicados en su producción y circulación, hemos buscado un corpus complementar producido a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas presencialmente en 2017 con coordinadores y directores de las instituciones que produjeron parte de los materiales. Esta investigación de la relación entre institucionalidades y mídiuns en la enseñanza de portugués brasileño nos ha llevado a investigar en qué medida la noción de comunidad discursiva (BEACCO, 1992), en la relación que establece con conceptos asociados de modo amplio a la identidad, como comunidad de habla (VANIN, 2009; BAGNO, 2017), posicionamiento y ethos discursivo (MAINGUENEAU, 2008a; 2008b; 2008c; 2008d; 2014 [2005]) pueden contribuir con el análisis de aspectos de la pluralidad constitutiva de lo que se entienda por “lengua” y “cultura” en estos materiales. Este estudio, por ello, es sobretodo cualitativo, documental y sincrónico, y propone una reflexión acerca de la relación del material lingüístico con el extralingüístico ocasionada por los medios y los materiales en los que se inscribe, con foco en las prácticas de textualización y en los indicios de la heterogeneidad constitutiva de dispositivos los cuales se supone, tradicionalmente, ser representativos de una identidad “consensuada” de lengua y de país.
Uma proposta de introdução do aplicativo calculadora gráfica do geogebra para alunos do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-28)
Nogueira, Gabriel Nunes
;
Caetano, Paulo Antonio Silvani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
;
Barbosa, Grazielle Feliciani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368292206467565
This dissertation presents the idealization, the application and the results of activities using the application "GeoGebra Graphing Calculator" for students of first and third years of high school in two schools in São Paulo State, Brazil, linked to Technical Education, addressing basic content of Analytical Geometry involving Points and Straight Lines. As an additional product of this work, several video lessons were developed to give virtual support to the idealized activities.