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A simulação clínica como estratégia de ensino de medidas de prevenção e controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Dias, Ana Angélica Lima; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4545217463168031
Aim: To assess the teaching process based on simulations as an educational strategy for the measures of prevention and control infections related to health assistance (IRAS). Method: The study was carried out in two stages: 1st Stage is a methodological study for the development and validation of content from two simulated clinical scenarios. The content analysis was carried out by the content validity index (CVI) in regards to the range, clarity and pertinence. The scenarios were forwarded through the Google forms® app link to simulation and IRAS specialists. 2nd Stage was a semi-experimental and cross-sectional study aimed at measuring the simulation results (knowledge, satisfaction, self-confidence), the simulation design, the educational practice and the debriefing experience processes. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistic and the Generalized Estimating Equation Model-GEE. The study was carried out by nursing graduates of the 5th through the 9th terms of the Federal University of São João Del-rei - Centro-oeste campus. The data collection took place in two occasions: Day 1 - pre-testing (knowledge assessment test) and expositional class with dialogue; Day 2 - Participation in two clinical simulations and fulfilment of the Scale of Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning (SSSL), of the Simulation Design Scale (SDS), of the Educational Practices Questionnaire (EPQ), and of the Debriefing Experience Scale (DES) and post-testing. Results: 1st Stage: The scenarios were developed based on the conceptual components of the National League for Nursing Jeffries Simulation Theory and the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and a Learning Standards of Best Practices: Simulation. There were 10 experts in the validation process, and the CVI was ≥ 80%. 2nd Stage: There were 44 students and 28 (63,65) were in intermediate graduation (5th through the 7th terms), while 28 (63,6%) students actively participated in the scenario and 23 (52,3%) students had previous knowledge with simulations. There was no statistical difference in the number of correct answers in knowledge assessment instrument results in the pre-testing and post-testing. The SSSL showed an average of 4,5±0,3the average results of the Satisfaction domain were superior to the average results of the Self-confidence domain. The SDS showed an average of 4,7±0,2. The SDS showed an average of 4,7±0,2 where the items scoring the lowest were the ones that assessed realism. The SDS items that scored the least were the ones that assessed realism. The EPQ showed an average of 4,7+0,2. The DES showed an average of 4,8+0,2The instrument reliability was high (>0,81%).The learners' average score in all the instruments were higher for the ones who had previously participated of a simulation, there was no difference in their average score regarding their participation condition (active or observer) and the final graduation period students (8th and 9th terms) scored higher in average for the DES. Conclusion: Simulation-based teaching is an appropriate educational strategy for teaching IRAS prevention and control measures to nursing undergraduates.
Aplicação condensada das três primeiras fases do PECS em uma menina com transtorno do espectro do autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Manzini, Ana Carolina Gurian; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3051712048513767
Introduction: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may have difficulties in the use of oral communication and may benefit from teaching programs focused on this ability. The literature has pointed benefits to the use of The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) better known as the Figure Exchange Communication System for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Objective: To analyze the effects of condensed application of the first three phases of PECS on the emergence of new picture exchange responses in autism spectrum disorder in a natural context. Method: Participated in this study a child with speechless ASD, aged six years. The survey was conducted at the participating child's home. The following data collection instruments were used: Interview script to identify the participant's favorite items; Test to evaluate preference, Session registration protocol. The ABA design was used among participants with the baseline, teaching (intervention) and baseline step. Results: The results showed that at baseline the child's performance was null, that is, she had no knowledge of the use of PECs. After the implementation of the teaching / intervention, despite some partial and / or total physical aids, the child was able to exchange pictures for the desired food. Conclusion: The strategies of condensing the three phases of the PECS adopted viable in the home context and provided for the child and their communication partners effective learning about the use of alternative communication.
Influência do uso da terra na diversidade funcional de aves, na insetivoria e na produção de uvas em vinícolas neotropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Moreno, Daniele Janina; Ribeiro, Milton Cezar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4158685235743119; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1456965451236762
Agriculture is one of the main processes that change natural landscapes with new configurations. These new landscapes can be formed by forest fragments and mosaics of different land uses, such as agricultural crops. These transformations have consequences for biodiversity, not only at taxonomic per se, but also at functional diversity, which may have implications for ecosystem services provision. With this knowledge, my thesis aims to elucidate as different consequences of bird taxonomic and functional diversity in relation to different land uses in vineyards in southeastern Brazil. As well, the provision of ecosystem services performed by birds and bats in crops. Thus, I approach in my first chapter the influence of landscape on a gradient of heterogeneity and forest cover on bird diversity. My results show that heterogeneity landscapes explained the variation in three metrics of functional diversity, but it is not related to taxonomic diversity. Avian communities in vineyards landscapes suffer by environmental filter. However, in heterogeneous landscapes, these same communities can be structured by limiting similarity processes. In the second chapter, I used the same landscape gradient influence in pest control and how it affects crop yield. Using fishnets for predators exclusions, my results showed that birds and bats can control arthropods in vineyards, they can reduce leaf damage and result in higher agricultural production, estimated at ~USD 2.300 per ha. These results can be able to assist management agricultural areas by encouraging decision-makers and farmers to maintain forested areas or higher heterogeneity within the crops. Finally, these considerations can benefit biodiversity and people in a win-win process.
A atuação e os desafios dos bacharéis em gerontologia: percepções de profissionais de uma equipe de medicina preventiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Bortoletto-Santos, Laís Rita; Zanon, Celeste José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9117512651101224; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0238558694685788
Gerontology is a science that studies the aging process in the biopsychosocial dimensions of multi and interdisciplinary scope as well as it can contribute to search for new health care practices for the elderly in Brazilian society. However, there are few professionals graduated in Gerontology compared to the number of elderly in Brazil. Therefore, in this study, the objective was to identify the challenges of this new profession from the perception of a multidisciplinary Preventive Medicine team. Data acquisition was made from a case study and a semi-structured questionnaire, approaching a qualitative perspective. Atlas-ti Software was used for results analysis, since this tool helps in the systematic organization of data. The analysis of the results showed that there are common and specific challenges in the assistance and management areas, listed as overcoming barriers. Among the common challenges, we can highlight the building of the profession's essential attributions with the team as well as achieving the profession's recognition by meeting the stakeholders expectations in care and management. Regarding the care area, challenges can be presented to clarify their holistic view of the care process and to highlight their ability to insert themselves in other health services. In the management area, the main challenges observed were to highlight the particularities of the gerontologist's performance in managing organizations that serve the elderly, meet the growing demand and diversity of the elderly population, and be prepared to manage larger teams. Finally, the team pointed out the broad performance of the gerontologist in the health area, including activities relevant to their skills and competencies such as developing and executing preventive projects, performing gerontological assessments, dance and memory workshops, monitoring patients, supervise and guide multidisciplinary teams, manage and discuss cases with the team, coordinate continuing education activities, promote quality care, among others.
Redução do preconceito racial: uma investigação analítico-comportamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Mizael, Táhcita Medrado; Almeida, João Henrique de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5650691726216420; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4870583403228039
This doctoral dissertation was written in the form of manuscripts for publication and it is composed by a summary of the dissertation with less technical language, a theoretical essay and three experiments. In the essay, a review of behavior-analytic perspectives on prejudice was carried out and then, a critical analysis, pointing research questions with the aim of demonstrating the field’s contributions as well as highlighting paths for studying it. In the three experiments, children aged from 8 to 10, who related faces of White individuals with a positive symbol and/or faces of Black individuals with a negative symbol were recruited and trained to relate, indirectly, Black faces with the positive symbol, using the matching-to-sample procedure on Studies 1 and 2 and a respondent-type training procedure on Study 3. The aims were: to evaluate the formation and maintenance of equivalence classes on Study 1; to check the effectiveness of different training and testing parameters (mixed training of baseline relations, symmetry tests after training each baseline relation, and feedback reduction training before testing for equivalence) on the formation and maintenance of equivalence classes between a positive symbol and faces of Black people on Study 2; and to evaluate the effectiveness of a respondent-type training procedure on the formation of equivalence classes between a positive symbol and faces of Black individuals. In Study 1, 10 of 12 participants recruited formed the classes, that is, start relating the Black faces with the positive symbol after training. These results were maintained for 50 to 75% of participants six weeks after being initially tested for equivalence. Additionally, the number of selections of Black faces given the negative symbol was greatly reduced, from 61 times on pretest to four on posttest. On Study 2, 33 of 46 participants recruited formed the classes. From these, 75 to 81% participants maintained at least one of the equivalence relations on the maintenance test. More participants: a) formed the classes when the symmetry tests were used, and b) maintained those performances when the feedback reduction training was employed. Only six participants from the 12 recruited on Study 3 formed the classes after being exposed to a respondent-type training procedure. Taking into account the results from the three experiments, we suggest the use of all three parameters abovementioned with the matching-to-sample procedure for better results of equivalence class formation and maintenance. Finally, we highlight the scientific and social relevance of these studies and the possibilities of using these findings on future applications.
Tipologia de instituição de longa permanência e de centro dia para idosos segundo a visão de seus gestores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Corsini, Tatiana de Vasconcellos Melo; Varoto, Vania Aparecida Gurian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7449531039410521; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3714506508056428
Introduction: The necessity of increasing resources and care support networks to attend the elderly population becomes emergent every year, due to the accelerated growth of the elderly in Brazil. Chronical diseases, functional limitations, increased longevity and the failure of families to offer appropriate support are present in population ageing. At some point in the old age, the necessity of daily care is real. Family is the first to offer this care, as well as some community spaces that give the support and care based on public policy, among which the Long-Term Care Institutions for Elders (ILPI) and the Senior Day Care Centers (CDI). Objective: Verify the comprehension of the managers of the ILPI that also have CDI in two towns (Araraquara and São Carlos) of the state of São Paulo, about the typology of these services. Methodology: This research is exploratory, descriptive and qualitative and quantitive study. It was carried out in the ILPI of São Carlos and Araraquara. Part of the data were collected on a database of the research group involved, followed by the application of a semi structured questionnaire with the managers of the ILPI that also have CDI services. A simple statistical analysis, descriptive, by means of frequency and percentage, as well as the construction of categorical variables through the content analysis was applied as well as the ethical care. Results: There are 26 ILPI, 21 private and 5 philanthropic. They have 833 vacancies, of which 712 are occupied, mostly by women (68%). The routine is determined by activities in the area of feeding, personal care and medication control. Among the 26 ILPI, 16 offered CDI services. Their managers are 11 women and 5 men, 44 years old on average and connected to the ILPI for 2.6 years. Of these, 11 have higher education with a predominance of nursing degrees (5) and business administration (4). Four managers pointed out that the services should have distinct planning, even though the 16 ILPI use the same structure, routine and staff. Conclusion: The managers' vision about the typology of the services seems to be mistaken, performing it without specific technical standards.
Os Kujubim e os bichos-de-pena: uma etnografia multiespecífica das relações entre humanos e não-humanos no vale do Guaporé, Rondônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Sanchez, Gabriel; Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5436899650782932
Initially, this was a research about the “classifications” of beings that our western biology denominate “birds” from the pratical and semiotic perspectives of the Kujubim indigenous peoples (Rondônia) – a group until here, unknown by ethnology in the Lowlands of South America. However, by conducting a six-month field research with this people and acess various native categories through a series of a controlled equivocation and dissonances between scientific and Kujubim categories, what we find and know were not “birds” but “bichos-de-pena”. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to produce a “multispecies etnhography” around the pratices, knowledge and relations of this people with the “bichos-de-pena” and, in this sense, this is also an “ethnography of the relations”. It is relations, as we will see, that are enable Kujubim to “rate” the “bichos-de-pena”. In the people there are no “classification system”, either conditioning categories and define beigs permanently, but before relations (between beings and between categories) that allow them to transit, or, we suggest, “transform” in the world and the Kujubim thought. The “transform” does not have the meaning attributed to metamorphosis, it’s about an aspect where it can be said that everything is (está), and nothing is (é): among the Kujubim, “bichos-de-pena” never are, in fact, in the sense of condition, but always tend to be or are, in the sense of a state: there, nothing is (é), everything is (está) in permanently becoming, everything is transqualitative, everything is, after all and as we suggested, “anti-taxonomic”.
Ensino de ciências da natureza e matemática: perspectivas de inclusão escolar em aulas de ciências da natureza e matemática em uma escola do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-11-29) Souza Neto, Osório Augusto de; Veraszto, Estéfano Vizconde; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6253673132956358; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5271350190360165
This research was carried out through the technique of Single Case Study in a school in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Through a mixed approach, from the perspective of Discursive Textual Analysis and Textual Statistical Analysis, carried out with the aid of NVivo (2017) and IRAMUTEQ (2014) softwares, we sought to verify if the Collective Pedagogical Work Classes (CPWCs) provide (or not) elements for inclusive classes in Natural Science and Mathematics for students with special educational needs (SEN). In this same context, it was evidenced that the demands arising from DE regarding the subjects to be treated in CPWCs generate negative impacts in relation to the school's articularities, as well as in the continuing education of teachers, in a true implementation of a government policy. In addition, it was possible to show that the lack of public resources for the payment of daily fees to DE technicians, to provide training for teachers and Pedagogical Coordinating Teachers (PCTs) in the researched school, has negative impacts in relation to teacher education, making inclusion not fully possible for students with SEN. According to the concept of SEN adopted in this work, the study presented that although it is only a snippet of what happens in the school throughout the year, the perspective for inclusive classes in Natural Sciences and Mathematics for students with SEN is poor. The factors that preclude the mentioned perspectives show, among other elements, the need for changes in the spatial accessibility structures and the comprehension about what students with SEN are, commonly treated as if they were target of Special Education. Moreover, it was possible to infer that the non-collective construction of the school's Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) has implications that do not corroborate the inclusion of students with SEN. Likewise, the large number of students in each class, the attitudinal barriers brought by some teachers, and the mismanagement of financial resources available to the school make the process of inclusion for students with SEN in nature science and mathematics classes prone to failure.