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Roda de conversa: (re)pensando o processo de ensino de alunos com deficiências no ensino fundamental II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Aporta, Ana Paula; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3865029215782402
Research that aims to investigate the reality of the inclusive process of people with disabilities in the common school system points out several components that still represent a barrier to their effective quality. One of the most frequently portrayed components in the literature refers to the methodological issues contained in the teaching process of these students and the lack of training of teachers to work with this population in school. Thus, this research aimed to develop a continuing education with professionals responsible for Elementary School II, about curriculum adaptations to meet the student with disabilities included in their classroom. Thus, a qualitative research was conducted, of nature descriptive and outlined by action research. 23 professionals from the school community participated in the research, including: elementary school teachers; Brazilian Sign Language Interpreters - LIBRAS; speech therapist; pedagogical assistant; and instructors of children with disabilities in a School Unit in the interior of São Paulo State. As training and research procedure, formative conversations, observations of classroom activities and teachers' discourse analysis were carried out. Considering the applied nature of the research focus theme, observations were made from three classes of 6th grade teachers and records of activity adaptation practices before, during and after the conversation wheels. Wheel recordings were analyzed to identify the core components contained in teachers' statements that influence their practice. The results obtained in the first observations and then in the first two rounds of conversation, it was found that the teachers had difficulties to teach students with disabilities. Also, it was observed that teachers did not perform curricular adaptations in the activities aimed at teaching these students. After the first two rounds, teachers began to rework their own identities, and with that, they thought about activities options tailored for students with disabilities. Thus, it was observed that teachers had actions with the purpose of offering curricular learning considering the potentialities of students with disabilities. Moreover, at the end of the research, it was found that the conversation wheels contributed to adaptive actions for students with disabilities. With the observations of the teachers' classes after the wheels, it can be verified that they prepared and performed different activities based on the student's characteristics. Thus, this research states that the conversation wheel can be an effective teacher training strategy for changing the practice of teaching students with disabilities.
Análise da evolução de indicadores do número de usuários de transporte público urbano na cidade de Bauru-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Santos, Jéssica Fernandes dos; Hirosue, Fernando Hideki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917517904317097
The present work sought to analyze the evolution of the number of users of the public transport system in Bauru city over the period from 2008 to 2018. Knowing how the use of public transport is going is of fundamental importance for the development of public policies in terms of what it says, respect to mobility, social inclusion, urban planning, reduction of environmental damage, among others. For this, the Index of Passengers per Kilometer (IPK) was used, which reflects the use of public transport, and the Index of Equivalent Passengers per Kilometer (IPKe). The calculation of the IPK and the IPKe values was performed based on data provided by the Municipal Urban and Rural Development Company of Bauru (EMDURB), which coordinates the city's transit and transport system. The data used were the Tariff Evolution, Passenger Evolution, and Mileage covered by the system. With the values of IPK and IPKe calculated monthly during the analyzed period, it was concluded that the use of public transport in the city of Bauru follows the national trend, presenting a period of stagnation in the public transport system. Although the values found are within the expected range for the size of the municipality (being consistent with the national average), the low IPK and IPKe values indicate a lower use of the system. The IPKe is an index that directly reflects on the calculation of the tariff, so when this index drops, the tariff tends to increase, and this can drive even more users away from the system.
Letramento crítico e ensino de espanhol no ensino médio integrado: questões teórico-práticas no contexto dos Institutos Federais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Benedini, Larissa Cristina Arruda de Oliveira; Gregolin, Isadora Valencise; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2793478087020544
“The formation of a critical reader able to go beyond text decoding” (BRASIL, 2015, p. 9) is a concern that is present in both the documents that guide foreign language teaching in high school (BRASIL, 2006) and in the foreign language textbook itself (PNLD 2015 and 2018). We understand that the formation of this critical reader, following the principles of critical literacy, meets the assumptions for foreign language teaching in a comprehensive vocational secondary education as provided in the documents that guide the high school integrated in the Federal Network. However, our perception as a Spanish teacher at a Federal Institute of Education is that there is a mismatch between theory and practice in the curricular attitude of teachers. Taking into account the importance of the critical debate on the concept of literacy (Soares, 2014; Street, 2014; Baptista 2010; Cassany, 2006 and 2010; Monte Mór, 2015; Duboc, 2012) for the field of foreign language teaching in Brazil, the aim of this research is to understand which conceptions about critical literacy and critical reader are currently produced by the theoretical field and how such conceptions are appropriated by a group of Spanish teachers, seeking to identify which evidence in their Spanish teaching practices show the transposition of these conceptions. In addition, it intends to analyze the “curricular attitude” (DUBOC, 2012) of these teachers in the gaps (DUBOC, 2012) of Spanish textbooks. For this, we proceeded to a bibliographical revision about the notion of literacy in national and international scientific productions and in documents that guide the Spanish teaching in Brazil and the PNLD LEM 2015 and 2018. Subsequently, we elaborated an online questionnaire in order to identify conceptions of Spanish teachers group from Federal Institutes. With these data, we conducted interviews with a part of these teachers, in order to deepen our analysis of the “curricular attitude” (DUBOC, 2012) of these teachers, the concept of literacy in their teaching practices using a textbook whose proposal starts from the idea of forming a critical reader in Spanish language and considers the critical literacy as theoretical principle. The analyzes showed that teachers have different conceptions about critical literacy and do not fully take advantage of the “gaps” that could allow the effective formation of the critical reader in Spanish, which seems to confirm our hypothesis that the implementation of critical literacy, as proposed in theoretical field, it depends more on the curricular attitude of the teacher than on what the textbook or curriculum documents offer as a work suggestion. We conclude, therefore, that it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between theories and practices in order to reduce the mismatch between what official documents, textbooks, linguistic research and the teaching practices of the teacher express. The choice of critical literacy as a perspective for Spanish language teaching in high school integrated to the technical in the Federal Network, whether or not integrated with other approaches to language teaching, fully meets the principles of education desired for this type of education.
Aproveitamento energético da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar pela biodigestão em dois estágios em reatores anaeróbios de leito fluidizado: mesofílico e termofílico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Ramos, Lucas Rodrigues; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1194041789932200
This research evaluated the effect of operational parameters and of stage integration on the performance and energetic feasibility of the anaerobic digestion of sugarcane vinasse in anaerobic fluidized bed reactors. The research consisted of two studies. The first one investigated the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (18 h to 10 h) on the CH4 production and organic load removal of the thermophilic (55 °C) methanogenic reactor of a two-stage digestion system. Based on these results, the second study evaluated the increase of organic loading rate (OLR) (2.7 a 24.7 kg COD.m-3.day-1) on thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (30 °C) methanogenic reactors fed by the same acidogenic thermophilic reactor (55 °C). All systems were compared with single stage thermophilic digestors (55 °C). In addition to H2 (maximum yield of 0.70 ± 0.08 mmol H2.g COD-1 on the OLR of 90 kg COD.m-3.day-1), the higher production rates (MPR) were also observed on two-stage systems (2.71 ± 0.26 L CH4.day-1.L-1 to 3.18 ± 0.29 L CH4.day-1.L-1) on the OLR range of 13.3 to 21.6 kg COD.m-3.day-1, on thermophilic methanogenic reactors, and on the OLR of 24.7 kg COD.m-3.day-1 on the mesophilic reactor. Although the decrease in HRT was beneficial, the increase in OLR modified the performance of the methanogenic reactors in distinct ways. While the yield and the MPR of the thermophilic condition decreased by increasing the OLR to 24.7 kg COD.m-3.day-1, the MPR of the mesophilic reactor was maximum, indicating operational stability even under overload conditions. However, the higher MPR did not correspond to higher energy productions, especially on the thermophilic systems, being inferior to the single stage digester. The single stage system was estimated with 40567 m3 producing 28 MW (2.5 MW per million tons of sugarcane), with energy yield of 10850 kJ.kg CODrem-1. The best alternative to this system was the recycling of the effluent of the mesophilic metanogenic reactor to the feed of the thermophilic acidogenic reactor, designing an acidogenic reactor of 1424 m3 and a methanogenic reactor of 32,387 m3, producing 28.8 MW (2.6 MW per million tons of sugarcane) with an energy yield of 10777 kJ.kg CODrem-1. Thus, energetic recovery of sugarcane vinasse by biodigestion on anaerobic fluidized bed reactors is recommended on two-stage systems with a thermophilic acidogenic reactor (OLR 90 kg COD.m-3.day-1) and a mesophilic metanogenic reactor (OLR 8 kg COD.m-3.day-1).
Uma avaliação qualitativa da presença de micotoxinas e micro-organismos toxigênicos em insumos e em cervejas artesanais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Paix, Murilo D`Abruzzo; Rodrigues-Filho, Edson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7248460348326502
Consisting primarily of water, hops, malted and non-malted cereals as well as yeast, beer is one of the most consumed alcoholic fermented beverages in the world. Although there are risk laws that compromise product quality, some pathogens such as fungi can contaminate the raw material used in beer production with secondary metabolites. For example, mycotoxins which are compounds produced by filamentous fungi, which in certain amounts can cause disease in animals and humans. Thus, we studied some fungi of the species of the genus Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus flavus to identify which mycotoxins could produce when grown in vitro under favorable input conditions (barley, maize and rice) used by microbreweries for the production of craft beers. These microorganisms when cultivated under favorable conditions, it was possible to find in their fungal extract that fungi of the genus Fusarium spp., Produced mycotoxins such as Zearalenone, α-Zearalenol and β-Zearalenol, Nivalenol, Fumonisin B1, in relation to the extract. obtained from the cultivation of the fungus Aspergillus flavus, it was possible to observe the production of mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1. Six craft beers were produced on a laboratory scale using the same previous inputs without contamination with the fungi in different proportions of barley, corn and rice, in which these samples when subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, but were not found. In addition, a study was carried out under which fungi could be isolated from barley grains used by microbreweries, where it was possible to isolate seven fungi. And with micro-cultivation and MALDI-TOF experiments, two fungi may belong to the genus Fusarium sp. and the genus Mucor sp.. Several bacteria were also found when isolating microorganisms, which were also submitted to experiments using MALDI-TOF, many of which have a very similar proteomic profile.
Modelo de dispersão Hiper-Poisson para variáveis discretas observáveis e não observáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Santos, Daiane de Souza; Rodrigues, Josemar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761; Cancho, Vicente Garibay; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503233632044163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0929922667210546
Poisson distribution is widely used to model count data, however it has the disadvantage the assumption that the data must have equal mean and variance, which is not always true, since in many situations the phenomenon of overdispersion (variance greater than average) or under- dispersion (variance lower than average) is common. Thus, we work with the hyper-Poisson distribution, which may accomodate data with overdispersion or underdispersion. The hyper- Poisson model is investigated here in two distinct scenarios, first modeling observable random variables in counting problems, and secondly representing an unobservable (latent) variable used in survival analysis models. In the first scenario, we take a classic approach for the estimation of the parameters of the hyper-Poisson distribution and we developed the usual likelihood ratio test, together with the gradient test to test the model dispersion parameter. In the survival analysis, we propose a new cure rate model induced by frailty discrete with hyper-Poisson probability distribution, since it is important to choose a distribution that takes into account the dispersion of risk factors. For this new model we developed inferential procedures from the classical and bayesian perspectives. All the models worked were analyzed through simulation studies and applied to real data sets.
Tradução audiovisual da Libras a partir do gênero institucional de divulgação científica: o caso da série "Que curso eu faço?" do LAbI/UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Melo, Lis Maximo e; Nascimento, Marcus Vinícius Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893740212695470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4092162953681244
The recent production of accessible films in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) was driven by the Brazilian Inclusion Law, 13.146 / 2015, which provided for the use of the Libras screen-inset TV for sound and image broadcasting in all audiovisual political pieces. In 2016 the National Film Agency (ANCINE) publicized the Normative Instruction No. 128, which regulated the accessibility of all Brazilian film production. As a result, videos from different genres have been translated into Libras. However, because the field is extremely new and the training of these professionals is still under construction, it is not known for sure which strategies these professionals use to deal with this translation demand. In this sense, this paper aims to describe the translation strategies from institutional videos of scientific dissemination genre produced by the Open Laboratory of Interactivity for the Dissemination of Scientific and Technological Knowledge (LAbI) conducted by two translators of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The research, which has a qualitative approach, has as its theoretical and methodological foundation the Bakhtinian perspective of language studies, studies of sign language translation and interpretation, and studies on audiovisual language. The methodological device for describing translation strategies is the simple self-confrontation in which the participating translators watched the video they translated and commented on the choices and strategies as they watched themselves in activity. The data were transcribed according to Nascimento's (2016) proposal for monomodal and intermodal transcription and the reported strategies were described, separating in two categories: (i) the themes in common to both translators and (ii) the individual themes reported. Common strategies were recognized from previous study, teamwork, target audience and enunciativediscoursive resources. This research is expected to contribute directly to the training of Libras translators to act in the socially demanded audiovisual productions today.
Treinamento em Análise Funcional Baseada em Tentativas para avaliação comportamental em sala comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Ferrari, Isadora Peresi; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3553800803043857
Trial-based Functional Analysis is an adapted procedure from traditional Functional Analysis methodology to be used among classroom activities. The idea is to investigate problem behavior’s function by experimentally arranging its antecedent and consequent events. Such arrangements verify if problem behavior is maintained by positive reinforcement in form of attention or access to favorite objects, negative reinforcement through escaping from academic demands, or automatic reinforcement by self-stimulation. The present study investigated to what extent literature empirically supports TBFA in regular classrooms through a literature review. It also conducted a second study to verify the effects of a training protocol over a Sign Language Teacher to conduct Trial-based Functional Analysis to assess problem behavior at regular classroom with death children. To do so, a training protocol was implemented in five phases: Initial evaluation, Pre-training + Baseline, Training and Post-training. The Training Program effects were observed by calculating and comparing procedural fidelity while the teacher was conducting the Trial-based FA at Baseline, Role-play, Post-training and Tracking 1, 2 and 3 phases. The Inter Observer Agreement was 80%. The overall results indicate that the Training helped to improve teachers’ repertoire to conduct Trial-based FA even when not all conditions have reached 100% of procedural fidelity. Literature review indicated that ethical and methodological aspects, as well as the lack of data from post evaluation impacts on the natural environment may not contribute to itsfeasibility of implementation. Data from teacher training showed that the teacher was able to conduct TBFA with high integrity and with few time trainings. However, training costs, application in regular classroom and the absence of teacher’s autonomy to conduct the assessment did not support TBFA implementation in regular Classroom. Discussions and future research suggestions are further presented.
Dinâmica dissipativa em sistemas quânticos fortemente interagentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Diniz, Emanuel Cardozo; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6386818101091884
In this thesis we investigate the dissipative dynamics in strongly interacting quantum systems. The dissipative dynamics that we investigate has relevance in the generation of non-classic states of light, such as the squeezed states, besides being useful in the description of phenomena give by dipole induced transparency (DIT) that are analogous to the behavior that occurs in the electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT). We show that the dissipative dynamics given by the microscopic master equation, plays a crucial role to understand correct stationary and temporal dynamics in strongly interacting systems described by spin chains. This thesis is organized in six chapters. In the second chapter, we introduce, the dissipative formalisms necessary to describe the dissipative dynamics that will be used in the following sections of this thesis. In the chapter 3, we report briefly the basic radiation-matter interaction model, i.e., the Rabi model, and its implementation in the context of circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED). In the chapter 4, we provide the basic concepts of two mode squeezed states (TMSS). Next, we describe the results obtained to implement a protocol that aims to generate the two mode squeezed states in the context of circuit QED, besides discussing all the realistic dissipative mechanisms and their effects on the generation of the TMSS. In the chapter 5, we briefly discuss the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) that will be essential to understand the result of transparency induced by dipole-dipole coupling (DIT). We also introduce an approach on the effects of periodic boundary conditions on the DIT phenomenon. Finally, in the chapter 6, we discuss the dissipative dynamics in strongly interacting spin chains and clarify the correct dissipative formalism to investigate the dynamics in these systems.
Leilão reverso para pagamentos por serviços ambientais: uma estratégia para a conservação da natureza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Lobo, Liliane Lopes; Tonello, Kelly Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1847127321875893
Reverse auctions are recent market mechanisms when designed for environmental conservation purposes, with a view to protecting public property on private land, and with ever increasing foreclosures in various countries. In Brazil, the state of São Paulo is a pioneer making use of auctions for payments for environmental services. In addition to the environmental results, this first contact allows the improvement of the design, as well as the incorporation of reflective practices to the owner regarding the importance and valuation of the services provided, as well as the starting point to understand the processes and results generated. The results of this study refer to the analysis of the first five auctions held, one of them being the pilot, which took place in municipalities located in the São Paulo portion of the Vale do Paraíba, aiming at conservation and restoration actions. Conservation auctions were more attractive, and the average price per hectare was lower in this category, justified by the lower cost of actions of this practice. The vast majority of participants are owners, farmers with livestock as their main activity. When the auction systematics are verified, the existence of rounds reflected in a decrease in the bid value, but they are costly in view of the objective of scale gain. Restoration auctions, albeit with a smaller participation, received bids mostly from landowners with up to four fiscal modules, and characterized as high priority areas for conservation actions, as well as a high supply rate in areas of conservation. permanent preservation.
O desenvolvimento profissional na relação pesquisa-formação-prática: Programa Observatório da Educação e os professores que ensinam matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Francisco, Aline Luz Mesquita; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6054827228273862
This research has as its theme the existing relationship in research-training-practice for the professional development of teachers who teach mathematics in the early years of elementary school. Within the framework of the Observatory Education Program (OBEDUC), it aims to answer the following guiding question: What do the academic productions elaborated in the context of the Observatory Education Program about the professional development in the research-training-practice relation of the teacher that teaches Mathematics in the early years indicate? With research, it is expected as a general objective to understand the relation research-training-practice in the professional development process of teachers who teach mathematics. The main specific objectives aim to bring reflection on the contributions of the OBEDUC Program to teachers in the aspects of pedagogical, formative and investigative practice, as well as identifying practices that promote professional development in the context of research-training-practice for the teacher who teaches mathematics. This program was chosen considering that it had most of the projects approved in the area of Mathematics in Graduate Programs, with important contributions in the area and for teachers. It also consisted of a space that involved research-training linked to practice. In order to meet the defined objectives, we initially conducted an overview of the academic research produced and linked to OBEDUC, and obtained from a database of post-doctoral research. Those related to mathematics in the early years of elementary school and those related to teaching and learning were selected. The data were analyzed through a bibliographic survey called State of Art. Subsequently, a meta-analytic study of a selection including six works focusing on the teacher and carried out from research-training in teaching practice in the school environment was performed. This research has as theoretical base authors that deal with the professional development of the teacher and also that deal with the professional development of the teacher who teaches Mathematics, relevant themes for the foundation of this study proposal. The results indicate that the knowledge coming from the teacher's practice allied to the reflection and teaching investigation in the OBEDUC Program brought the critical and reflexive analysis from the practice, which provided the expansion of specific and methodological knowledge with indications of changes in the teaching action. The activities provided for in this training proposal, such as reflection, formative meetings, expansion and evaluation of their own specific and methodological knowledge, stimulation of research and changes in practice with the experiences resulting from the reflective movement, made possible the professional development of the teacher. It is also worth highlighting the importance of initiatives aimed at teacher education such as OBEDUC, a program that led to a new research perspective, valuing the teacher as a prominent component and the knowledge brought by this professional.
Determinantes estruturais da bioluminescência vermelha e eficiência catalítica na luciferase de phrixothrix hirtus e seleção de combinação emissora de luz vermelha distante com 6´-amino-análogos de luciferina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-06) Bevilaqua, Vanessa Rezende; Viviani, Vadim Ravara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3942043373510668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1663817105266909
Luciferases are the enzymes responsible for bioluminescence. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of luciferins, in which the energy is released in the form of light with high efficiency. The luciferases fireflies from North America, Europe and Japan are the most known and have been the most used for analytical porpouses, however, they have limited applicability in mammalian tissue bioimaging, because its structure is adapted to the production of yellow-green bioluminescence, which is partially absorbed by hemoglobin and bone tissues. The Phrixothrix hirtus railroadworm luciferase, cloned and characterized by our group, is the only one that naturally produces red light, has a high affinity for luciferin and a reasonable affinity for ATP, being potentially useful for analytical assays and pigmented samples. However, the wild-type luciferase has low quantum yield (15%) and thermoestability when compared to green light-emitting luciferases (40 to 60%). In order to better understand the relationship between the structure and activity and bioluminescence spectrum in this luciferase, and then to develop brighter and red- shifted luciferase, site-directed mutagenesis were performed in the active site and investigated the 6' amino analogues effect in the bioluminescence properties. The majority of luciferin binding site mutations impacted catalytic properties, including KM, both overall and oxidative constant and efficiency, but did not affect the spectrum significantly, indicating that these active site residues are important for luciferin binding and catalytic activity, but do not interact with the excited oxyluciferin during the light emission step. The only mutations that affected the spectra are located on the benzothiazolic side of the luciferin binding site. Thus, to better understand the influence and interectaions of this benzothiazolic side of the luciferin binding site in the bioluminescent properties, we used luciferin amino-analogues modified in 6'-position. The P. hirtus red-emitting luciferase had the highest bioluminescent activity and the most far red-shifted spectra with larger 6 'amino-analogs than other luciferases, indicating a larger cavity on the benzothiazolic side of the luciferin binding site. Modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, showed that the cavity created by the L348 residue is critical for red light emission. Finally, the combination of Phrixotrix red light-emitting luciferase and Pyrrolidinyl-luciferin analogue produced far red emission (645 nm) with high activity, promising for bioimaging use of hemoglobin cells and tissues.