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A arte como expressão da criança na abordagem Reggio Emilia de educação da infância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Costa, Paula Soares da; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4107018375255741
This research investigated how the languages of art are present in a kindergarten in the city of Sorocaba that proposes to work based on Reggio Emilia's approach in early childhood education. We sought to understand how the processes of teaching and learning through spaces are performed and how the arts are worked with children. The research, of a qualitative nature and of bibliographic character with field observation, had the objective of identifying potentialities of the arts in educational practices carried out inspired by Reggio Emilia's approach to Early Childhood Education. To this end, at first, it sought to know how and in what contexts the Early Childhood Schools in the region of Reggio Emilia in Italy arose and what are the characteristics and specificities of its approach, notably with regard to pedagogical work with Arts. As a result, the potential of this approach for the Brazilian context was identified, based on the reality of a school located in Sorocaba, S.P.
Conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre as medidas de prevenção de infecção de corrente sanguínea associadas a cateteres venosos periféricos: construção e validação de instrumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Pelizari, Aline Eloá Barbosa; Souza, Raissa Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3541368604500450; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4538045932855157
Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are the second leading cause of healthcare-related infections (HAIs) and are considered to be the infection with the greatest preventive potential. Peripheral venous catheters (PVC) are commonly used in health services, their use increase the risk of bloodstream infection and bacteremia, with high associated morbidity and mortality. Objective: To develop and validate an instrument for assessing the knowledge of nursing professionals and students on the prevention measures for BSI associated with PVC. Method: Quantitative study of methodological development. The instrument was developed based on national and international publications and guides. The validation was by face and content. Ten expert judges with professional experience and / or infection prevention and control validated the instrument for clarity and relevance, using a 4-point Likert scale. Items with a content validity index ≥ 0.8 were considered valid. After this stage of validation by expert judges, a pre-test was carried out with 42 professionals, technical students and nursing students. Results: The instrument was built following the logical order of clinical practice, starting from the broadest to the most specific concept, ensuring clarity, objectivity, simplicity, absence of deviations and relevance. During the construction period this was discussed in a research group which made the instrument more refined for sending to expert judges. All items when assessed individually obtained a content validity index greater than 0.90 in relation to clarity and representativeness, ten items were altered in the wording, two items were unified and one item was removed after content validation according to suggestions of the judges, as to the vocabulary and syntax of placement, in order to make the statements more clear, objective and direct. Four items were rewritten after the pre-test in order to facilitate understanding and not be a confusing factor. The final instrument was composed of 34 dichotomous questions. Conclusion: The instrument developed was validated by the judges and the target population (pre-test), represents a major advance in the area of knowledge and is available for use.
Áreas de atuação de pesquisadores como input para caracterizar a atuação institucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Galdino, Rosangela; Amaral, Roniberto Morato do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4914415763923244
Bibliometric studies are used in the evaluation of scientific activity, using as a source of information databases such as the Web of Science, Scopus and Lattes Platform. Aiming to contribute to the characterization of the performance of science, technology and innovation institutions (ICTs), through bibliometric studies, the general objective of this research was to characterize the performance profile of an ICT, using information about the areas of expertise of its teachers. -searchers present at the Lattes Platform. The method used was the case study and the case unit of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP). Bibliometrics was used as an information analysis technique and the Lattes Platform was used as a source of information. The sample analyzed comprised 2485 curricula of 2527 active researchers from 2010 to 2018. The results comprised a set of indicators on the case unit's performance profile, graphically represented in the form of mandalas and network graphs: 1) institution; 2) proximity of actuation between the campuses of the case unit. It can be concluded that the results achieved can contribute to bibliometric studies at the institutional level, by systematizing through the analysis of the researchers' areas of activity the identification and visualization of the performance profile of an ICT, as well as the identification of areas whose interest for collaboration between teachers is potentially greater.
A quantas anda o ethos camponês?: estratégias de reprodução social de jovens rurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Souza, Bruno Lacerra de; Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5102678570173510
The research is part of Brazilian Rural Sociology studies, focusing on the dynamics related to rural youth in agrarian reform settlements. The objective is to analyze how a lifestyle, a peasant habitus, is presented in the life projects and strategies of social reproduction developed by rural youths with their families. The empirical field consists of two rural settlements located in São Paulo State. Reunidas - Promissão / SP and Sepé Tiarajú - Serra Azul / SP, chosen according to their distinct characteristics. Respectively: a Federal Settlement Project (PA) and a Sustainable Development Project (PDS), located in different state regions (center-west of São Paulo and northeast of São Paulo), with different periods of occupation, connections with social movements, territorial origin of its occupants, size of the land and number of settled families. In these territories, I conducted semi-structured interviews, based on the qualitative method, as well as systematic observations, recorded in a field diary, audio and photo recordings. In previous researches it was found that we are facing a transformation in the rural world and that different arrangements and strategies are created for the permanence of young people settled in the countryside, these strategies have changed the social relations and the way in which the settlements are organized in past years. The analysis shows that these strategies can be observed in work in the city, in fairs, in involvement with cooperatives and with institutions that promotes rural development policies, in informal jobs or in studies seeking a placement on the market. The purpose of these precarious strategies is often posed as the possibility of maintaining life in the settlement, whether by contributing financially to the maintenance of the family, or by migrating daily between countryside-city to obtain a higher level of income. However, I observed that the link with the land and the territory is the guiding point of the strategies. In a context of constant transformations in the rural areas, specific social dynamics arise, in which rural youth are the protagonists. This research focus in these new social dynamics that consolidate rural youth as a category of studies, enabling the analysis of their way of life and the understanding of their main challenges.
A articulação da noção de identidade na teoria psicanalítica freudiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Sartori, João Eduardo Torrecillas; Maniakas, Georgina Carolina Oliveira Faneco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1207794266426572; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7305791890606748
Freud has never conceptualized the identity. However, in the analysis of his work, certain theoretical elements indicating the coherence between the notion of "sexual identity" and his metapsychology would be evident. Freudian theory was subversive in various contexts, such as in his conceptualizations of the unconscious psychic system in early twentieth-century Viennese society, or in his deconstruction, in 1933, of the notions of "masculinity" and of "femininity" socially established. However, in this dissertation, in an analysis of some of the author's works, necessary for the articulation of the notion of “sexual identity” in his theory, some essentialization of the Freudian concept of “sexuality” was evidenced, at least in works written until the mentioned year, as well as certain notions correlated with this concept – such as the notions of “Oedipus complex” and of “castration complex”. Butler, in his work entitled “Gender Trouble” (1990), criticized Freudian theory, highlighting its indirect contribution to the maintenance of the so-called “heterosexual matrix”, as well as to the essentialization of the identity categories related to the latter. According to the author, the Freudian description of certain individual identification mechanisms – in this case, the articulation between the certain concept of “identification” and the notion of “Oedipus complex” – constitutes a hidden instrument for conditioning identifications to the aforementioned matrix. In this sense, in the midst of a critique of the essentialization of sexual identity categories, theoretically referenced in some aspects, in Butler's work, this dissertation would analyze Freud's setback movement to a certain subversiveness of his own metapsychology. The subversiveness inherent in the Freudian concept of “original perverse polymorphism” would be contradicted in Freudian concepts such as that of original bisexuality and that of the Oedipus complex. Although Freudian work was initially used primarily in clinical practice – to support psychoanalytic practice – it articulated concepts that are still currently usable as theoretical instruments in the analysis of culture. The critical review, intended in this dissertation, of some theoretical constructs of the author, such as of the "identification", would contribute to the maintenance of consistent use of metapsychology in this sense. More specifically, criticism of Freud's essentialization of sexuality – and, indirectly, of sexual identity categories – would lead to the use of metapsychology as an instrument of subversion of the heterosexual matrix. Secondly, the evidence of elements in Freud's theory critically usable in the study of the imaginary individual assumption of a social identity would be intended, and indirectly in the theoretical elaboration of the problematic about the articulations between the individual and the sociocultural system. Of course, the nuances of the identity constitution in an individual would not be intuitive; and the critical analysis of the identification mechanisms through which an identity would be constituted would be necessary for certain developments in psychoanalytic theory – resulting in the emergence of more consistently usable theories in the establishment, constitution, normatization, or normalization of identities, as well as with other social identities.
Comunidades zooplanctônicas em um gradiente de vinhaça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Santos, Guilherme Aparecido Melo dos; Perbiche-Neves, Gilmar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7499230397814853; Saito, Victor Satoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3312862423985585; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8489466565648580
Aquatic communities are under severe threat from contaminants when inserted into agricultural matrices. Therefore, this study was carried out in mesocosms, which can be understood as artificial systems that simulate natural ecosystems, with zooplankton communities subjected to different concentration levels of vinasse, a common fertilizer generated from the distillation of sugarcane, to seek to understand how they respond to different concentration levels and how beta diversity metrics describe these responses. The species that composed the 15 different zooplankton communities were identified in the mesocosms before and after vinasse contamination, to verify their effect in relation to species exchange, nestedness, richness and abundance. As a result, it was found that the water had a loss of dissolved oxygen and a decrease in pH with increasing vinasse concentrations. The non-impacted communities had a temporal pattern of nestedness (subsets of the previous communities) and impacted communities changed the relative abundances of the most common species (exchange pattern). A common resistant species (Tropocyclops prasinus) and another that linearly decreased in abundance as vinasse concentrations increased (Notodiaptomus spinuliferus) were also observed, the latter being a potential indicator species of vinasse-contaminated systems. The effects of vinasse on aquatic communities were evident, suggesting caution in the indiscriminate use of the substance as a fertilizer in agricultural crops.
Artes visuais afro-brasileiras na educação infantil: educando para as relações étnico-raciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Bologna, Paula; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7244725747061275
This undergraduate thesis investigates the insertion of afro-brazilian visual arts in Early Childhood Education. The principal goal of the research was to understand how a pedagogical work can be done with afro-brazilian visual arts in Early Childhood Education in order to educate for ethnic-racial relations, fighting racism. The specifics goals aimed to: understand how to work with afro-brazilian art in early childhood education in its complexity, studying and producing knowledge that contribute to a teaching practice that recognizes children as subject of rights; observe how the teacher develop a pedagogical work focused on Laws 10.639/03 and 11.645/2008, considering the development of society in its multiculturalities and educating for an racial ethnic conscience. The research has a qualitative approach and bibliographic character, was developed in continuity to the Scientific Iniciation research and is organized in five chapters. It was verified that there is a need to strengthen studies on afro-brazilian visual arts for pedagogical work in early childhood education since the graduation course and that the theme has essential relevance in the contexts of early childhood, Art and ethnic-racial relations studies aiming the realization of an anti-racist education.
A relação entre uso de vídeo games e funções executivas em crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Costa, Oaní da Silva da; Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5168532426007151
Electronic games are part of our daily lives and it is difficult to find somebody who never had had contact with this tool, especially children. One of the key points to be investigated from this interaction is its relation to human cognition. So, the present study had the goal of checking for differences between groups of players and non-players regarding performance in instruments that access EFs, considering socioeconomic values, gender and age differences as well. Besides that, calculate correlations between the EF tests and gameplay time, socioeconomic level and times of leisure and extra-curricular activities. To do so, 86 children in the age range of 7 to 10 years answered an instrument that access executive functions, the Five Digits Test. Participants also answered the “Questionário de Experiência com Videogames e Outras Atividades” to acess video game practice. After that, two groups were formed, one with higher video game frequency (players) and other with low or no frequency of play (non-players). The caretakers of the participating children were also invited to answer the “Inventário de Dificuldades em Funções Executivas, Regulação e Aversão ao Adiamento para crianças - IFERA-I” that access executive functions and the “Questionário Socioeconômico Critério Brasil”. Analyses of the data revealed that there were no significant differences between players and non-players without considering age, or, video game play wasn’t a relevant variable to explain scores that access executive functions. But by separating the groups by age, the data showed low negative effect of gameplay. The data also showed that there were no differences between playing and not playing relative to sex and socioeconomic scores.
O território quilombola é dela. Sobre Nossa Senhora, santos e quilombolas na Vila – Bairro do Carmo São Roque -SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Abreu, Ana Luísa Nardin Rezende de; Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0923833865789276
This dissertation deals with the relations between the residents of Carmo neighborhood with Nossa Senhora do Carmo and other saints. The field research was carried out in the city of São Roque in a territory that is in the process of being officially recognized by INCRA as a quilombola area, more precisely, the village of Carmo. Thus, I seek to investigate what Nossa Senhora do Carmo can as protagonist in the life of the blacks, their history, their kinship and their daily lives.I do this by seeking to highlight the female role in the care of the lives of the residents of Carmo, both on the part of women and the Santa itself. The Santa was stolen in March 2012, the robbery and all it involves is an event that strengthens the hypothesis that something is beyond her own image, as mere artifact or object. Nossa Senhora do Carmo is pointed out by the residents as the one that owns and integrates the quilombola territory, which gives it, as it were, unity and meaning. The idea that leads this research is that the saints, and especially Nossa Senhora do Carmo, are with the blacks of Carmo village, as companions in a relationship described as affection and respect. Therefore, I will highlight contexts in which saints and blacks are friends who share anguish, requests, joys, sadness, parties, work, among many other events.
Governança e relatório de ponderação de discussão pública: contribuição ao planejamento urbano participativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Britto, Marcel; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804138662312892
Cities concentrate most of the Brazilian population and represent the challenge of reconciling economic development with environmental preservation and social justice, guaranteeing living conditions that are synthesized in the right to the city. Therefore, public policies are determinants of the fulfillment or not of the social functions of cities, which led to the architecture of a new and fundamental branch of Law, the Urbanistic. For all constitutional, legal and infralegal predictions, Urbanism advocates a form of equation of issues that necessarily implies popular participation, is the democratic management of cities. Only with popular involvement in the daily issues of urban spaces can there be a concertation of behavioral interests, both state and private, building a city oriented towards the common good. In the effort to effect the democratic management of the city, instruments such as debates, hearings and public consultations are foreseen, which are mandatory at all stages of public policies, from setting the agenda, preparing the proposals, implementing them and evaluating them. participatory the basic instrument of urban policy that must be elaborated and/or periodically reviewed with maximum popular participation. However, the democratic ideal is at most limited to the formal aspect and emptied of material meaning, because, even if the public authority conducts public discussions, no devolution or response is given to eventual and desirable manifestations. In Brazilian Urban Law there is no specific obligation for public agents to report, ponder, and respond to each and every participation received, thus the decisive criterion and the extent to which demonstrations have been used remains a secret not only suspect but frontally opposed to constitutional and legal aims, showing a systemic failure in the institutional arrangement of participatory democracy. Thus, the descriptive bibliographic research addresses contemporary theories of democracy, as well as normative aspects of the Brazilian Democratic State of Law and, from a comparative perspective, seeks from Portuguese Law the foundations and characteristics of this complementary and essential mechanism to the participatory democracy of Urban Law: the public discussion weighting report. Consistent with deepening the right of manifestation (speech) of the citizen, imposes on the State the duty to receive, consider and respond (listen) and explain, while at the same time implementing several of the principles pertaining to public administration, enshrining subjective rights, especially those of participation. The public discussion weighting report enhances active citizenship, as it is a formal and legal document that addresses fundamental aspects of democratic management: the context (with place, moment and subject), the subjects (all present in public discussions), participations and conclusions, exposing the “how” and “whys” of the entire decision making process. It is an instrument capable of giving a new approach to the public discussions from which it exudes, creating a new relationship between people and state, repairing the dysfunctionality of the political system by which citizens transfer power to the state, but insubstantial guarantees that public action will be in favor of social interests.
Conflitos e violência no campo no estado do Pará de 2003 a 2018: uma análise da concentração fundiária brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Silva, Hallícia Graça Leite; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6886877414318373
This article aimed to analyze the causes that intensified the occurrences of conflicts and violence in the field for the state of Pará, from 2003 to 2018. Based on the production mode and territorialization of the peasantry, especially of landless rural workers, it was raised reflections regarding the land structure in Brazil. For that It was used the historic of land occupation in Brazil, as a process of land concentration; public policies about agrarian issues for the analyzed period; data collected by governmental organizations and institutions, as well an analysis of the implications of the implementation for the agribusiness as a production model of capitalist agriculture, besides a brief discussion of the increasing criminalization of social movements in the Brazilian field, thus resulting in a material that houses the allegations of violence against peasants in the state of Pará.
Avaliação do comportamento reológico, térmico e mecânico de misturas de PBAT com elevados teores de lignina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Torrezan, Talyta; Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440; Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4406297695224004
The massive accumulation of plastic waste and its environmental impact is in great evidence today. Each year, more than 8 million tons end up in the oceans, so research indicates that there will be more plastics than fishs in mass in the oceans by 2050. Amid this alarming data, environmental pressures for solutions that serve a circular economy have been rising sharply. Among these, it has focused on encouraging the use of biodegradable polymers in agriculture, as this application provides environmentally sustainable cycles, from renewable sources to biodegradation. Given this, the present work aimed to develop a technically, economically and environmentally viable solution for rigid plastic parts focusing on the agricultural segment, where one of the main materials composing this solution was the largest renewable source of aromatics present in nature, also known as lignin. PBAT mixtures with high lignin contents were developed, focusing on bringing scientific and technological basis through rheological, thermal and mechanical evaluations. Such a study was successful in demonstrating the existence of two behavior categories represented by lignin concentration. Up to 20% by mass, they are miscible or partially miscible structured blends, where lignin acts as a lubricant. For contents above 40% of lignin by mass, there are systems composed of partially miscible blends. For this group of higher concentrations, there is possibly the generation of domains, interconnected networks (lignin-lignin and PBAT-lignin), which reduce the ability to dissipate energy viscously, demonstrating a character closer to an elastic solid. Thus, the results obtained here contribute to the structural understanding of such mixtures, allowing the foundation to reach the technical requirements needed in the development of different sustainable solutions to be applied to rigid plastic parts in the agricultural segment, such as seedling tubes, where it would be possible the experience of infinite cycles of lignin generation using one's own for such.
Utilização do laser de baixa intensidade (660nm) na hipertensão arterial: uma nova abordagem no tratamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-17) Conceição Filho, Júlio César; Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6725550216586910; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1613484530528398
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, approximately 17 million people or one third of all annual deaths. Of these deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases, approximately 9.4 million are caused by arterial hypertension. In order to reduce these numbers and improve the quality of life and longevity of the population, several treatments have been developed, and in most cases the main treatment indicated is pharmacological. Therapies involving the use of specific types of light have been used since mid-1971, with low intensity laser being one of the main sources of light for these treatments, widely used in dentistry and medicine for various treatments such as psoriasis, acne, ulcers, wounds, etc. Many studies have shown that photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is able to induce vascular smooth muscle (MLV) relaxation independently of the endothelium. This study evaluated the effect of chronic treatment with PBM in hypertensive animals, induced by obesity. It was possible to verify that over six weeks of treatment, PBM was able to reduce blood pressure by values close to baseline.