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Permanência universitária: quando o pedagógico se une ao econômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Mattos, Hellen Cristina Xavier da Silva; Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8605625866125060
The subject of this research is part of the studies on the expansion and inclusion of Brazilian public higher education. We have as analysis object the university permanence from the students experiences who participate in a proposal of tutoring among peers for the permanence and academic success. The goal of this research is to analize the role of the Grupo de Tutoria do Programa de Acompanhamento Acadêmico do Estudante de Graduação (PAAEG) for the university permanence, problematizing the articulation between economic and pedagogic dimensions of the difficulties faced by the undergraduates, aiming to understand the developments of the institutional actions related to the pedagogical dimension of university permanence in adaptation strategies and in the formation of the student in the scientific field. The research is qualitative and uses Pierre Bourdieu’s contributions as its theoretical foundation. This is a field research, using online questionnaires and semi structured interviews, individual and in pairs, with twelve students who participate in the PAAEG tutoring group at UFSCar on the São Carlos campus and individual interviews only on three tutors that participate in the same program. The results indicated that the difficulties in adapting and staying at university related to the pedagogical dimension are related to the intensity of the studies, fragility of previous school contents, difficulties in the disciplines and pedagogical practices. University permanence is perceived by the students in questions related to the economic, pedagogical and psychological dimensions, and the institution has a special contribution in the economic dimension. Peer tutoring favors university permanence by offering academic support, welcoming to the student, familiarization with the university and a space where students feel more comfortable to expose their doubts and difficulties due to the closer relationship with tutors than with the professors. We infer that, in order to play the university field game, students needed to be equipped with school knowledge, cultural capital, and with a student habitus related to the field’s requirements, including in the face of hierarchical relationships with professors. We believe that the difficulties and situations of suffering experienced by students may be related to the university field’s pressure, especially for students who are still forming theirs university student habitus and acquiring the symbolic and cultural capital during the academic training. We understand that this suffering is intensified by the symbolic violence present in the gift ideology, which is reinforced by teaching practices that naturalize the academic work. The university´s permanence policy has been expanded with new proposals to support and welcome students, actions that are complementary to the financial support of scholarships, which are essential to the permanence. However, the pedagogic approach of peer tutoring has been the main strategy used by the institution to justify the increase in the Graduation Success Rate. In this way, contributing to academic success, PAAEG tutoring group also contributes to permanence. The student feels more capable, legitimized and strengthened to overcome the difficulties of the university field and graduate from the undergraduate course.
Synthesis and characterization of CH3NH3SnI3, Mn doped CH3NH3SnI3 and oxygen-deficient TiO2 as visible-light active semiconductors
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Dawson, Margaret; Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462; Morelli, Márcio Raymundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5710023413874940
CH3NH3SnI3 is an environmentally-friendly (lead-free) perovskite whose synthesis depends on SnI2. Some disadvantages of SnI2 include high cost and tin(IV) contamination. Thus, SnSO4 and ‎C16H30O4Sn are presented as cheaper alternatives and different synthesis conditions were studied: 110 oC/10 min, 150 oC/10 min and 150 oC/20 min. Based on X-ray diffraction results, CH3NH3SnI3 was successfully synthesized, being 110 oC/10 min sufficient for phase formation. However, annealing at 150 oC improved crystallinity irrespective of precursor while prolonged annealing time (20 min) was detrimental to the C16H30O4Sn-based perovskite. Film morphology differed by type of precursor. The bandgaps (1.37-1.59 eV) and photoluminescence emissions (831 nm) of the samples characterize them as visible light active semiconductors. Because CH3NH3SnI3 suffers from Sn2+ oxidation to Sn4+, some studies have proposed doping with metal cations. So far, Mn has not been tested. Thus, Mn (2% and 10% mol) doped CH3NH3SnI3 samples were synthesized and characterized. Mn did not disrupt the perovskite structure but slightly increased bandgap. Chlorine from the Mn precursor is not eliminated by annealing, thus could affect material properties. Regarding stability, Mn partially stabilized CH3NH3SnI3, indicating the need for an optimum level of doping. Mn doping does not seem to improve the photovoltaic properties of CH3NH3SnI3, but it should be noted that the solar cells were not optimized. Several questions about CH3NH3SnI3 cells are still open, including alternative TiO2 compatible with the same. Here, oxygen-deficient TiO2 powders were studied. Electron paramagnetic spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed oxygen vacancy. Photocatalytic and photocurrent tests showed activity under visible light and an optimum level of oxygen vacancies for lower recombination and high charge separation, important properties for photovoltaic applications.
Inclusão intelectual no ensino regular: perímetros e áreas de regiões poligonais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Collareda, Susana Michelim; Pires, Rogério Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9795154443896516
This paper discusses the performance of geometric activities, involving perimeter and area of polygons: square, rectangle and right triangle, using manipulative materials with three students with intellectual disability disorder in different degrees. The activities were developed in the school environment in which the performance and conceptual understanding of the activities were observed and how they reacted when submitted to tasks that inferred the development of their motor, intellectual and social skills using concrete materials as a pedagogical method. Given the paradigm of the inclusion of students with special needs in the schools of the municipal and state public network, a need arose to realize the learning of these students. Thus, a pedagogical didactic survey was made, especially in Vygotski's theories, which could base theories and practices that stimulate the ludic of these students with intellectual development disorder, making the teaching and learning process something more accessible and pleasant to them. All research was conceptualized qualitatively, seeking to answer the following question: “What are the possible contributions of a proposal to use manipulative materials for the teaching of perimeters and areas of the polygonal regions: square, rectangle and triangle rectangle, for 9th grade students Fundamental with intellectual disability? ”The concrete manipulative materials helped in the development of playfulness and played an important role in the present project, through them it was possible to observe how students with intellectual disabilities improved their knowledge and how this knowledge could be part of their daily lives. The insertion of manipulative materials in the process of knowledge construction provided significant changes in the learning of individuals with special needs studied in this research, such as: understanding and using the perimeter in other areas of knowledge such as art; resignify the mediating relationship of the wisest colleagues, valuing their help; recognizing in the material forms and methods used in everyday life. These materials could facilitate the comprehension of the contents addressed providing a playful way for learning, favored the mediator intervention of the teacher.
Diferenças e continuidades na arqueologia e na genealogia de Foucault: entre 1966 e 1976
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Arantes de Souza, Lívia Francisco; Stival, Monica Loyola; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624149613819754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613714422089475
This dissertation aims to study the relationship between Foucault's archaeological and genealogical researches taking into consideration Les mots et les choses archeology of human sciences; the debate raised by the publication of this book; Foucault's elaborations on genealogy and the history in Nietzsche's thoughts; Foucault's methodological approach in L'Ordre du discours, the summaries of the courses at the Collège de France of the first half of the 1970s and the Il faut défendre la société course. Our goal is to observe the introduction of new problems and concepts, conceptual changes, and how Foucault's attention moves towards addressing the relationship between discursive practices and practices of another nature. The hypothesis that conducts this research considers that, at the moment when Foucault marks the dispersed character of the genealogies of the early 1970s, he begins an investigation that touches the task of revising how the history of history is told, indicated in Les mots et les choses, but based on the conceptual redefinitions provided by the debate around the publication of book in 1966. Thus, we consider that Foucault's archaeological and genealogical researches are marked by complementary conceptual shifts and that the discussion about his methodological approaches gains in quality if we avoid using the framework of Foucault's philosophical trajectory in well-defined methodological phases.
O professor mediador-orientador na modelagem matemática: movimentos de constituição de uma representação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Cambi, Betina; Caldeira, Ademir Donizeti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8185048034258055; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3060279988975263
This research aims to analyze utterances related to the role of the teacher who develops Mathematical Modelling activities, in order to discuss some conditions that allowed the construction of a pedagogical truth about the teacher. On these grounds Mathematical Modelling, in Mathematical Education, was considered from a discursive perspective, and the theorizations of the philosopher Michel Foucault used as theoreticalmethodological basis, mainly the methodological tools such as discourse and utterance. The analytical material covers theses and dissertations defended from 1987 to 2016 that report, discuss, problematize the development and application of classroom Modelling activities in Elementary and secondary School. Examination of the analytical material showed the emergence of four utterances regarding the teacher who develops Modelling activities: the teacher, when developing Modelling activities, ceases to be a transmitter and becomes a guide-mediator in the teaching process; the teacher who develops Modelling needs to master it, study it, prepare to implement it, and know the mathematical discipline; The teacher, by developing Modelling, would enable the creation of an environment of freedom, creativity, autonomy, encouraging reflection; The teacher experiences difficulty and insecurity when developing Modelling activities. The analysis was developed on the statement “The teacher, when developing Modelling activities, ceases to be a transmitter and becomes a guide-mediator in the teaching process” since its understood that the other mapped statements are characterized each as a branch, a derivation of the change of attitude of the teacher, that is, from transmitter to mediator, characterizing itself as a nuclear utterance. From the analysis undertaken we analyze the transformations, the changes that occurred in the discourses - more specifically the pedagogical - and which operated for the establishment of the practice of mediation as a pedagogical truth in the field of Mathematical Modelling. In this process we realize that the deweyano pedagogical discourse, the discourse for a new school and the constructivist speech operated for the emergence of the practice of mediation associated with the teaching figure, so that they intertwine with the discourse of Modelling itself, even operating to its own constitution. Finally, the analysis gives visibility to the discourse of Modelling while a mechanism that operates in the crystallization of the representation of the figure of the mediator teacher in the educational field.
A nova fronteira do Capital: a financeirização e o processo de gentrificação na região da Luz em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Pimenta, Ana Clara de Almeida; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7659578995025432
The intersection between financial capital and the state is an analytical key for understanding the form taken by urban public policies in recent decades. The fiscal crisis, associated with the centrality of finance and a new model of urban planning, brought a “new formula” composed of the articulation between public and private agents with the objective of making urban operations possible. Within this equation, revitalization policies are born out of the dialectical tension between collective insurgency movements that fight for the realization of the right to the city and the appropriation of these projects by financial capital. In this scenario, this work discusses how the financialization process takes place in a Special Areas of Social Interest and how it interrelates with the phenomenon of gentrification. The study is part of a discussion on the revitalization policy in the region of Luz in São Paulo, carried out through public-private partnerships. The dissertation hypothesis consists in the statement that the Special Areas of Social Interest emerge as new frontiers for capital articulated with the Public Power through public-private partnerships. In this sense, the finite characteristic of the land as a commodity acts as a guiding thread for the new role that the State assumes, which has the function of "unlocking" geographically privileged locations and that for various reasons would not be available to the market. However, at the epicenter of this phenomenon, there is a significant contingent of people who have an identity link with the place and constitute movements of resistance to the force of expulsion exerted by the process of financialization of space.
A infraestrutura de transportes rodoviários no Brasil e as trilhas da financeirização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Peruchi, Paulo Renato; Donadone, Julio Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; Sacomano Neto, Mário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6334718685107353
The present work has as main objective to understand how changes in the investment model in road transport infrastructure, implemented since the 1990s, impacted organizations working in the sector. For this purpose, a historical analysis was made and the trajectory of the road infrastructure sector was studied, in order to understand the changes in the investment model, and the resulting organizational impacts. The change in the investment model reflects the decrease in State participation and the use of highway concessions and public private partnerships (PPPs) as an alternative. Theoretical support for the analyzes was provided by elements of economic sociology, which provided an interdisciplinary approach and added new elements to the study, in opposition to the traditional approaches of a purely economic nature carried out until then. The analyzes carried out indicate that organizations responded to changes in the investment model through the incorporation of elements of the financial logic to direct their activities, and changes in their structures, facts that contributed to activities that are not necessarily related to the productive sphere gain relevance and help build a new way of “thinking” the sector, marked by its movement towards financialization, impacting organizations, and interactions between organizations, the State and markets.
Gênero e pesquisa médica: um estudo das bolsistas de produtividade e dos grupos de pesquisa do Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Carvalho, Carolina Cisoto Barbosa de; Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2804542810761341
Medical career has always been based on a masculine form of acting and thinking. But, the end of the last century and beginning of the present, show that women are widening their access to medical careers. The evaluation of female presence in the medical area and the repercussion of this presence in the career hierarchy and the allocation of these professionals in the medical specialties have a great impact on the medical training and health care of general population. Like in the medical careers, the sciences have also been of androcentric domination, and women are gradually getting easier access to higher education and academic careers. But it is well known that although the scientific environment shows itself as an area of equal opportunities, women have suffered to occupy higher positions in the hierarchy, to grow professionally and often to achieve the respect of their peers. Therefore, to know the gender relations that permeate the academic environment in the medical sciences research in Brazil, can give an overview of the way in which the participation of female medical researchers occurs. That way and it is possible to evaluate if the increase in the absolute number of medical graduates is reflected on the breakdown of barriers on vertical ascension and on the reduction of horizontal segregation in the practice of medical research. The objective of this research is to map female participation in Brazilian medical research, with the consequent identification of the proportion of women present in the research groups and their position in the scientific rewards system (hierarchy). The work is a descriptive and exploratory case study and uses as primary data sources information extracted from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico - CNPq, related to research groups registered in the Directory of Research Groups of CNPq for the current year of 2017, as well as information about the researchers working in the medical field, also extracted from the CNPq portal on the internet. Secondary data will be collected in field research through a questionnaire to the medical productivity fellowship recipients in Brazil. The results point to a massive female participation in medical research, as well as that leadership is the main funnel in female scientific careers, and there is also a perpetuation of male and female specialties in medical research, leading then to the conclusion that Medicine still needs to undergo changes in its structure so that women can have their spaces guaranteed. As theoretical basis for this research, the literature used is the one that refers to the discussion of gender issues in the Social Studies of Science and Technology (ESCT).
Foreign direct investment, home country institutions, and local human development in Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Silva, Eduardo Polloni; Hartmann, Dominik; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1782565673673929; Moralles, Herick Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3707775749363255
Multinational companies (MNCs) are influenced by their home country institutions. But how does the interaction between home country and host region institutions affect human development in countries with significant regional disparities? To address this question, we collected a unique dataset of FDI from 52 countries in 92 Brazilian municipalities and created a Home Country Institutional Index (HCII). Econometric analyses show that a higher share of foreign companies from countries with high levels of human development is positively associated with local education, health, and income. However, this effect is non-linear and more pronounced in institutionally weak regions.
Análise das alterações musculares de ratos obesos frente a intervenção do exercício de natação – um estudo envolvendo a composição corporal, morfologia muscular e citocinas circulantes.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Arrais-Lima, Cristina; Vasilceac, Fernando Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1220838672192063; Mattiello, Stela Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8417029179551641
Obesity has a multifactorial character and may be related to hereditary, pharmacological factors and especially to unbalanced diets. The accumulation of fat can occur in different tissues and places in the body, bringing different consequences. The fats that accumulate in the abdomen, the so-called visceral or central fats, seem to not only correlate with metabolic diseases, such as type II diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, but also with some types of cancer and cause mild chronic systemic inflammation . This condition has become a public health problem and millions are spent each year fighting overweight and obesity, not only in adults, but also in children and adolescents worldwide. In the literature, the treatment for obesity is multidisciplinary, but in general it is necessary to balance the intake with the energy expenditure, and for this, exercises are the most recommended tools in non-medicated treatments. Therefore, this thesis work consists of 2 studies: Study 1, the objective was to verify the changes caused by obesity in the parameters of body weight, in the percentage of body and abdominal fat and bone mass in obese rats through the body scan done by the device Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry Scan (HOLOGIC ®) pre and post swimming training. Also, correlate these measures with hormones linked to the imbalance caused by obesity, such as Leptin, and the attempt to return to metabolic balance, such as adiponectin and irisin. These measurements were made after swimming training, which was chosen because of the non-overload caused in the joints. Study 2 aimed to verify the accumulation of fat in the musculoskeletal tissue, especially in the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius muscles and to analyze the circulating cytokines, in order to investigate the systemic inflammation caused by obesity. In this study we analyzed the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, considered anti-inflammatory and TNFα and IL-6, pro-inflammatory. The results showed that swimming in obese rats promoted a reduction in central and body fat, as well as an increase in the concentration of IL-4 in only obese animals, showing an attempt to recover the metabolic balance. From these studies, we identified that swimming was effective in modulating the accumulated fat in the abdomen, as well as in the studied muscles, of obese rats. These results collaborate with the literature on exercise as a tool, not medicated, to combat obesity and its changes, even without any intervention in the diet.
Paradoxos e estratégias de adaptação na trajetória universitária discente em relação às metodologias ativas no curso de Medicina da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Barbosa, Silvia Helena Pienta Borges; Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7854292909294389
The present thesis has as object of investigation the trajectory of students of a medical course that presents the curriculum organized through active learning methodologies. Its research problem is the understanding of how the university trajectory is processed and how students develop adaptive strategies in relation to the active learning methodology of the medical course. The objective of this study is to analyse the entrance, the difficulties and the adaptation strategies of the students in their trajectory. The work was carried out from a qualitative and field research. To conduct the research, an online questionnaire was sent to all students of the course in question, with approximately 20% of the questionnaires returned, in addition four group interviews, each interview had two or three students, accounting for nine students interviewed. The questionnaire and interviews were analysed through content analysis and data triangulation, considering Pierre Bourdieu's theory. The results point to a university trajectory that develops differently from the previous school and / or university trajectory of these students, which means that agents have to reconfigure student habitus in this new field, developing adaptation strategies to the course, which include changes in individual study form, attempt to adjust the student habitus prior to the current field, creation of a support network with classmates and veterans and change in the way of viewing the course and teaching-learning. In addition, one of the greatest difficulties encountered by students in the adaptive process is the lack of support from the course in relation to students. This situation leads students, paradoxically, to take the field game seriously given the need to legitimize the field they are part of.
Deficiência de 25(OH)D como fator de risco para incidência de incapacidade funcional em indivíduos maiores de 50 anos – conclusões do estudo ELSA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Luiz, Mariane Marques; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6873656781346891
Introduction: The 25(OH)D deficiency has stood out for its recognized negative repercussion on the musculoskeletal systems, such as the reduction of strength and muscle mass; in the central nervous system, such as the predisposition to cognitive decline, and in the other body systems, favoring several clinical conditions, which can have an impact on the decrease in functional capacity in older individuals. However, there is little and conflicting epidemiological evidence demonstrating the association of 25(OH)D deficiency with the incidence of disability. Objectives: The present study aims to verify if the deficiency of 25(OH)D is a risk factor for incidence of disability in basic activities (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and if there is a sex difference on these associations. Method: This is a longitudinal study with four years of follow-up involving people aged ≥ 50 years participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). In the study of incidence of disability in BADL, 4,814 participants without disability were included in the baseline according to the modified Katz index. In the study of incidence of disability in IADL, 4,768 participants without disability were included in the baseline according to the modified Lawton index. The 25(OH)D was measured and the participants were classified as having sufficiency (> 50 nmol/L), insufficiency (> 30 and ≤ 50 nmol/L) and deficiency (≤ 30 nmol/L). Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics were also assessed at baseline and considered control variables in the Poisson models stratified by sex. With two and four years of follow-up, BADL and IADL were reevaluated. An incident of disability was considered to be a report of difficulty in one or more activities in the Katz and Lawton Indexes. Results: 25(OH)D deficiency was a risk factor for incidence of BADL disability in women (IRR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.17 – 2.03) and men (IRR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.02 – 2.00) and risk factor for incidence of disability in IADL only in men (IRR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.01 – 1.95). Conclusions: Despite the fact that 25(OH)D deficiency is a risk factor for incidence of disability in BADL in both sexes, only men were at such risk for the incidence of disability in IADL. Since 25(OH)D deficiency is a modifiable condition, it must be the target of therapeutic strategies avoiding installation or progression of functional disability
Deleção oócito-específica da Rad51 em murinos e seu impacto sobre a função mitocondrial e a fertilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Augusto Neto, José Djaci; Chiaratti, Marcos Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0392078007500289; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1080605380868153
One of the first signs of aging in humans is the decrease in female fertility, which is accompanied by a reduction in the expression of proteins that integrate the Double Strand Break (DSB) repair machinery, such as BRCA1, ATM, MRE11 and RAD51. Therefore, the deficiency of such proteins may result in oocytes of poor quality, with early separation of sister chromatids, aneuploidy, chromosomal breaks as well as increased apoptosis susceptibility. Hence, the present work aimed at inducing oocyte-specific deletion of Rad51 in mice and assess its effects upon fertility, gamete development and mitochondria function. As a result, wild-type (Rad51fl/fl) and knockout (Rad51 +/- , Rad51-/- ) females delivered, respectively 8.8, 7.8 and 2.8 pups/litter. Moreover, pups born to Rad51-/- oocytes showed a ~30% mortality rate; however the pups that survived until weaning were considered viable. It was not observed an effect of knockouts on oocyte growth, cumulus-oocyte complex morphology, and the number of ovulated oocytes with first polar body. Likewise, Rad51 knockout did not impact on mitochondrial function as judged by assessing the levels of NAD(P)H, FAD, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP. However, Rad51-/- oocytes presented a larger level of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, we conclude that RAD51 is not essential for oocyte development and mitochondrial function, however its deficiency results in subfertility.
Efeitos de diferentes intensidades de um treinamento muscular inspiratório em ciclistas recreacionais: uma abordagem metabolômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Sakaguchi, Camila Akemi; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2175151508733550
The inspiratory muscle training is a potential complementary method to sports training aiming to improve sports performance, but the metabolic mechanisms related to this technique and the best training intensity remains unknown. The analysis of the studies investigating the exercise-induced effects on human metabolome and its most relevant findings would contribute to a synthesis of the main metabolites changed by physical exercise and exercise modalities, supporting the interpretation and results in the investigation of effects to the IMT at different intensities using a metabolomics approach. Therefore, this thesis comprises 2 studies: Study 1: Aim: To provide a qualitative appraisal of metabolomics-based studies published over the past decade exploring exercise-induced alterations of the human metabolome. Methods: This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, SCOPUS and Web of Science. The quality of the studies was assessed using a scoring system created specifically for metabolomics studies. Eligibility criteria for inclusion comprised: the use of metabolomics to measure exercise-induced changes in metabolites, healthy participants, the use of serum, plasma, urine or saliva samples. Reviews, case reports, guidelines, theses and dissertations, conference abstracts, and studies using animal or in vitro models were not included. Results: from a total of 1355 studies identified, 24 were included. Of these papers, 63% focused on acute metabolite changes following intense and prolonged exercise. The best studies utilized liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical platforms with large chemical standard libraries and strong, multivariate bioinformatics support. These studies reported large-fold changes in diverse lipid-related metabolites. Metabolite shifts, even after strenuous exercise, typically return to near pre-exercise levels after one day of recovery. Conclusion: Only few studies investigated metabolite changes following acute exercise bouts of shorter durations (< 60 min) and workload volumes. Plasma metabolite shifts in these types of studies are modest comparing to high intensity and long duration exercise studies. More studies are needed to improve scientific understanding of the human system’s response to varying, chronic exercise workloads. The findings derived from this review provide direction for future investigations focused on the body’s metabolome response to exercise. Study 2: Aim: To investigate the chronic effects of different intensities of an inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on the human serum metabolome in healthy male recreational cyclists. Methods: Using a randomized, parallel group design, twenty-eight participants were randomized to three IMT groups: low intensity (LI, n=7); moderate intensity (MI, n=10), and high intensity (HI, N =11). The IMT was performed for 11 weeks. Another group of participants under the same conditions, who did not perform the IMT but participated in all procedures, was included as controls (CG, N=6). Blood samples were analyzed for metabolite shifts using 1H NMR. Statistical analysis included a 4 (group) x 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA using the general linear model (GLM), and multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: Untargeted metabolomics analysis of serum samples identified 22 metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Metabolites shifts did not differ between groups indicating that IMT at three intensity levels did not alter the serum metabolome relative to the control group. Conclusion: These results reveal novel insights to the metabolic effects of the IMT in human metabolomic and are consistent with the results from other studies showing negligible chronic alterations in the serum metabolome in response to physical training. Studies using more sensitive metabolomics platforms or supervised multivariate statistical analysis, large groups, and different population may continue to contribute to the investigation of the IMT metabolic effects.
Intelectuais insurgentes no campo da formação de professores/as
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14) Cardoso, Ivanilda Amado; Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5982358209677173
In this research, I followed training paths based on the trajectory and production of black women and their inferences in educational spaces. The objective was to position insurgent intellectuals in the field of teacher education, representing the multiple voices of black teachers from the biography and bibliography of the Intellectual Insurgent Doctor Doctors Maria de Lourdes Siqueira, Ana Célia da Silva, Vanda Machado, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves and Silva and Joyce Elaine King. The field of teacher education is a space for the struggle for democracy and the realization of the anti-racist society project, so there is an emergency in the location of concepts and epistemologies that erase and question the pedagogical tendencies of Eurocentric bases. In this perspective, with input and methodological tool of the Escrevivência, intertwining and braiding memories and concepts, I present the dignified trajectory of life and interdisciplinary theoretical production available in books, articles, lectures and audiovisual material of the insurgent intellectuals as practical and theoretical potentials for the field of teacher training.