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Música brasileira no ensino coletivo de flauta transversal: um olhar para os saberes dos alunos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Izaias, Milena Cristina; Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2610102394672568
This study was carried out during the collective flute teaching classes at Projeto Guri, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Projeto Guri is a socio-cultural music education program that aims to offer, in the school day, some types of musical courses for children and teenagers between 6 and 18 years old. We sought to understand the educational processes resulting from the use of a repertoire of Brazilian music, considering its importance for cultural identification and appreciation of the student in this context. In this context and with the perspective that many learnings could arise among students from the use of this repertoire, we proposed the following objectives: to identify, describe and understand the possible educational processes arising from a collective musical practice in which popular culture songs were inserted Brazilian. To achieve the objectives established here, we adopted the participatory research methodology, in which the data collection started from the insertion of the researcher and teacher in the space of the classes, in which proposals with a repertoire of Brazilian music were developed. As a registration tool, we used the writing of field diaries throughout the period of data collection, and some drawings made by students during classes also served to understand the processes. After identifying the educational processes and analyzing the data, we created the category KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS, describing the results presented during the activities. We emphasize that the involvement and receptiveness of students during the performance of activities, contributing to the preparation of this study. As a result, the understanding about the recognition of the Brazilian cultural identity, the valorization of the Other, involving their way of life, their culture, and their knowledge for the construction of their knowledge can be observed. We witnessed the awareness, appreciation and re (construction) of learning in the circles of conversation and application of activities promoting the humanization of the group. We believe that this study can contribute in some way to the understanding and reflection on the effective use of the Brazilian music repertoire in collective music teaching based on humanizing education, cooperating not only for the acquisition of musical knowledge, but for an education in which everyone educate themselves collectively, where students are able to understand and dialogue respecting and valuing brazilian culture.
Faculdade Zumbi dos Palmares: uma proposta de Black College no Brasil do século XXI?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Santos, Hasani Eliotério dos; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6422457630951026
Zumbi dos Palmares College (FAZP) is an important private and communitary/non-profitable higher educational institution, and it was built objectively, but not exclusively, for black people’s inclusion in the Brazilian high education. This research analyse FAZP related to the tensions, conflicts, struggles and disputes which involve the process of institutionalization of this college. This dissertation is oriented by the following questions: What characteristics enable an analysis about FAZP under a transnational reading, which comprehend it as a Brazilian Historically Black College and University (HBCU)? How far is FAZP’s institutional model aligned with a professional and vocational higher education project like Booker T. Washington’s institutional and educational model? How was possible to institutionalize and to make possible the FAZP’s midiatic visibility at the racist Brazilian context? The methodology fully employed is based on bibliographic and documental research, analyse and description of articles’ images about FAZP, and also for the use of field research and the documentation of informal reports conceived by available attending actors at the FAZP’s meeting’s and events. The theoretical resource of this research is backed up by Cultural Studies and Post-Colonial authors, considering, specifically, the education as perennial field for the black diaspora’s creative and political agency. The research’s conclusons is that FAZP updates at the 21st century, by the multiculturalism and diversity’s political agenda at the corporative and entrepreneurial field, the initiative of black people’s higher education inclusion similar to Tuskegee Institute institutional model, designed by Booker T. Washington at the 20th century. This initiative has the main goal of provide vocational and professional formation for black youth, including the incentive of black entrepreneurship.
Efeitos da obesidade na morfologia muscular e na junção neuromuscular dos músculos tibial anterior, vasto lateral e medial de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Piazzi, Isabela; Russo, Thiago Luiz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; Mattiello, Stela Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7007928444966220
Obesity affects several body tissues, however it is not yet clear whether the neuromuscular system can also change. The objective of this study was to analyze morphological aspects of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and adaptations of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and anterior tibialis (TA) muscles and serum cytokine concentration in Wistar rats, after a period of 28 weeks fed an obesity-inducing diet. Two groups of male rats aged 6 weeks were analyzed: DIO (obesity-inducing diet, n = 5) and control (standard diet, n = 5). After euthanasia, circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-α, leptin and adiponectin were analyzed in the serum. The VL, VM and TA muscles were removed for analysis of morphometric parameters. Measurements were made of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fiber, fat quantification and intramuscular connective tissue. Measurements of the total area, perimeter and maximum diameter of the NMBs of the aforementioned muscles were also performed. All data were assessed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and later a comparison was made between groups. In cases where the parametric assumptions were reached (p≥0.05), Student's t test was used and when not, the Mann Whitnney test. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and the sarcopenia index. The DIO group demonstrated increases in leptin levels (p = 0.033) and decreases in adiponectin levels (p = 0.002). The VM muscle showed an increase in the area, perimeter and maximum diameter of the NMN, as well as an increase in intramuscular fat (p = 0.001) and connective tissue (p = 0.005). A reduction in the CSA of the muscle fiber of the VM was also observed in the DIO group (p = 0.021). We can conclude that obesity, in the tested model, promoted a remodeling of the NMBs of the studied muscles, accompanied by muscle atrophy, as well as increased intramuscular fat and circulating adipokines, showing that obesity can affect the function of muscle tissue.
Pedagogia Hospitalar: revisão integrativa de pesquisas qualitativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Brito, Miriã Martins de; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8425431356929720
Introduction: The process of hospitalization is sometimes a moment that brings suffering to the lives of children and this time can interfere in their physical, emotional and cognitive development. The conjunction between the fields of Education and Health, in a perspective of humanization of its service, enables the hospitalized children the guarantee of getting their education, even in the period of health treatment. Research in this field is still scarce, so it constantly presents in its results the need for further investigation on this subject. In an attempt to fill the gaps about the educational attendance, it became necessary to understand the discussions presented on scientific papers and how the educational theories may contribute to the area. Objective: To characterize and analyze the scientific production about the Hospital Class, according to the theoretical framework of education. Method: this is an Integrative Review of qualitative research conducted in five stages based on the method of Whittemore and Knafl (2005), which are formulation and identification of the problem, data collection, data evaluation, analysis and interpretation of the collected data and presentation of the data. From the definition of the object of research, as well as the aim and review, data collection was carried out in the following databases: BDTD, Scielo, ERIC, PubMed and Web of Science. The following data portals were also considered Capes and BVS, using the following descriptors: “Educational Service AND Hospital Class”; “Special Education AND Hospital Class”, “Hospitalized AND Children” and (“Hospital Classes” OR “Hospital Schools”) AND Children. As inclusion criteria we define: a) the productions, both theses and dissertations, articles whose texts were complete and available for free; b) productions in the following languages Portuguese, English and Spanish; c) Qualitative studies; d) productions that deal with the hospital class, educational assistance in the hospital context and / or hospital pedagogy; e) Researches published between 2002 and 2019. As exclusion criteria: a) studies whose full texts were not available for free; b) productions that did not demonstrate in their core theoretical, methodological or scientific and ethical rigor and c) productions of a quantitative, qualitative-quantitative (mixed) nature, bibliographic reviews and other types of studies. Results: 164 productions were found, which, when passing through the collection stages, totaled 26 works, which used for the analysis. After the categorization and analyses according to their type, year and place of publication and method, the productions were identified regarding the collaborating subjects of the research, objectives and synthesis of the results, themes and authors / references found. From the result, it emerged categories, such as “Hospital Pedagogy: From invisibility to the comprehension and the guarantee to the right to educational hospital care”; “Hospital Class: From the understanding of educational activities in the hospital context” and “Pedagogue Hospital: From teacher training to acting in a hospital environment”. Discussion: We highlighted three main issues: the need to implement hospital classes, approximation of the fields of health and education and the training of educators to work in the hospital environment. Some considerations: We point to the need for more qualitative research on Hospital Pedagogy, as investigations in this field, which can contribute to the dissemination of the theme, and more practical results, such as the creation of workshops, specialization courses and training, which may result in the approximation of the education and health areas. We conclude that as long as there is no disclosure of this right, there can also be no recognition of its importance.
Flow chemistry applied to hazardous reactions, and fluorophores synthesis with photophysics studies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Souza, Juliana Maria de; Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7145803000597713
Two distinct cases of continuous flow conditions applied to dangerous reactions are described. The first example is the continuous photooxygenation of a series of dienes that produces endoperoxides and / which are potentially explosive intermediates. End-to-end approaches involving endoperoxidation, Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement (KDM) and additional hydroxyienone rearrangements are widely described with scope. In the second example, we describe the development of a flow configuration to perform two dangerous steps in the synthesis of Lamivudine (3TC - medicine for HIV / AIDS). The described route is under development by Medicines for All Institute (M4ALL), an American startup from Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). We have also developed the synthesis of sulfur-ilidenomalonitrile, versatile intermediates in the synthesis of multisubstituted heterocycles (pyridines and pyrones) and amidine-based fluorescent probes.
Programa bolsa família e a relação com a pobreza, desigualdade social e educação: concepções de educadores paulistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Wellichan, Viviane; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4504861843468971
This research aims to analyze the Sao Paulo State's educators conceptions (including directors, coordinators and teachers) about education, poverty and social inequality, added by the analysis about how Brazilian assistance program called "Programa Bolsa Família - PBF" can change, or not, the scholar life of its beneficiaries. The qualitative research, with explanatory approach, was accomplished by questionnaires with Sao Paulo State's educators who attend the "Education, Poverty and Social Inequality" Course throughout the year of 2018 – which was divided in three blocks: a) How the poverty and the social inequality affect the school’s practices? b) Do you consider that PBF reinforces the poverty and social inequality or can assists the scholar life of their beneficiaries? c) Are the children and teenager’s school access and attendance enough for their formation helps to avoid the vicious circle of poverty and citizenship absence? For codification and categorization of the collected data the IRaMuTeQ software was use to performed the analysis under Bardin perspectives, which were compiled in three categories: 1) Poverty, Social Inequality and the Educator’s practices – and three sub-categories: socioeconomic context: poverty, teaching and learning; the school’s role regarding poverty; and; school’s practices and humanization. 2) The PBF and the beneficiaries’ school trajectory – and two categories: The link between PBF, poverty and Social inequality; and the connection between Education, socioeconomic context and PBF. 3) School’s turnover on poverty situation – and two sub-categories: school’s access and attendance on poverty situation; and, the edge of school’s intervention: the vicious circle of the poverty. Considering the hypothesis, the analysis shows that the educators that attend the research have two main conceptions: the beneficiaries had to have an “individual” effort to overcome the poverty or the PBF really can change their families’ life. Additionally, on deep dive conceptions, is possible to consider two groups of analysis: external or internal school’s perspectives. The external perspective considers the link between the public’s sectors and the access to their services. The internal perspective considers that the drivers of change are included in the school and its actions, being important for school and social life. Those changes are mentioned in common with the students’ emancipation, considering that the emancipation concept was not explicit to the educators.
Efeitos de um treinamento multicomponente no controle autonômico cardíaco de idosos pré-frágeis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Farche, Ana Claudia Silva; Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5168161505177739
Frailty syndrome represents a clinical state of vulnerability to stress, and is characterized by a reduction of capacity to maintain homeostasis. Due to the multidimensionality of Frailty, cardiovascular outcomes have already been related to deficits on autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation in intermediate stages (prefrailty) on rest. However, the cardiac autonomic control of this population has not been described in the literature, considering the exercise and recovery situations. Once multicomponent physical exercise is described as fundamental in frailty treatment, it is important to assess whether prefrail older adults already presents cardiac autonomic modulation impairments during the exercise and on recovery period, as well as to evaluate the effects of a multicomponent training protocol under them. Thus, this thesis was divided into three studies: The Study I, entitled “Cardiac autonomic responses during the exercise on prefrail older adults: a cross-sectional study”, it was planned to investigate the cardiac autonomic modulation during the six-minute walk test (6MWT); The Study II, entitled “Multicomponent training improve cardiac autonomic modulation responses during the exercise on prefrail older adults: a blinded randomized clinical study”, aimed evaluate the effects of the intervention on cardiac autonomic modulation during the six-minute walk test (6MWT); and the Study III, entitled “Effects of a multicomponent training on heart rate recovery of prefrail older adults: a blinded randomized clinical study”, it was designed to assess the effects of the intervention on heart rate recovery dynamics on prefrail older adults. For this, a multicomponent intervention protocol for prefrail older adults was elaborated and published. Thus, our results showed that prefrail older adults already presents deficits on ANS regulation during and after the exercise. Besides, the multicomponent intervention was able to minimize these deficits during the exercise, but not in the recovery period.
Etnomodelagem: modelagem matemática no interior de uma comunidade rural sustentável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Martins, Rafael Bida Guabiraba; Caldeira, Ademir Donizeti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8185048034258055; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3620634260401056
Based on the assumption that Ethnomodelling is grounded on the process of reflection of the routine of a single individual or an entire community, that is not academic, this would be defended as analysis and study of local knowledge present in different groups, linked to the social construction of a specific people, where one of the assumptions of this would be the study of local knowledge developed by members of this community. Based on this idea, the research aims to discuss how possible ethnomodeling an identification of knowledge present in the models built in a rural community, as well as problematize the hegemonic scientific discourse institutionalized by mathematics academic. This study was taked root using an ethnographic approach, when interacting with individuals belonging to a farming community who work with organic food production in the municipality of São Carlos, state of São Paulo. It was possible to make a connection of each aspect cultural issues, such as the elaboration of problems and questions that are retired of the systems that are part of the reality of those present in this culture, considering that academic mathematics is not the only way to identify a probable knowledge, neither in the study of different undestandings, but dealt with the valorization of all forms of knowledge. In essence, the process of Modeling does not have the interest of working from a perspective of which knowledge is right or wrong, it is valid or neutral, but it is beyond a message transmission of hegemonic knowledge, those that have been used today considered as knowledge accumulated by humanity, making possible thus an insurrection of other sabers.
Avaliação da eficácia de um treinamento on-line para cuidadores informais de idosos com doença de Alzheimer: ensaio clínico controlado randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Alves, Ludmyla Caroline de Souza; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1558259573997432
Introduction: The increase in older adults diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) brings challenges to society as a whole, especially to family members, who often become informal caregivers for these individuals. The lack of information or training can negatively impact the caregiver-patient relationship. Several types of interventions aimed at caregivers are created, with the objective of informing about the disease, reducing overload, depressive and anxious symptoms, among others. As an example of intervention we can mention on-line interventions, based on programs and websites. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of on-line training through the website of the Brazilian Alzheimer's Association (ABRAZ) in informal caregivers of older adults with AD. Method: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. They were evaluated by means of a protocol composed of the instruments: Zarit Overload Scale, Center Epidemiological Studies for Depression - CES –D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS, Memory Complaint Scale- NDE, Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version Two - DKAT-2 and EuroQol 5 Dimensions- EQ 5d, 30 informal caregivers of individuals with AD, randomly divided into two groups: intervention (IG) and control (CG). The IG accessed the ABRAZ website and received information on defined topics, and the GC received printed material with basic information. The intervention lasted three months and the caregivers were reassessed after that period, using the same instruments. Results: The profile of caregivers was defined by: 86.7% women in both groups, and an average education of 13.3 years for both. In addition, 66% of the caregivers of the IG and 60% of the CG didn’t live with the elderly. It was observed that after the intervention there were significant differences between the groups regarding depressive and anxious symptoms. There was a positive correlation between overload and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.399; p≤0.05), in addition to overload and stress (0.491; p≤0.01) and depression (0.685; p≤0.01). Health status showed an inverse correlation with stress (r = -0.381; p≤0.05) and memory complaints (r = -0.426; p≤0.05). Data Analysis: Spearman and Pearson correlation tests, and Anova comparison tests (Oneway) of the averages of the measurement instruments were applied before and after the intervention for independent samples according to the distribution. The SPSS 23.0 software was used for data analysis. P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Conclusions: The intervention produced effects on anxious and depressive symptoms for the intervention group, but it didn’t increase the knowledge of caregivers regarding dementia, as supposed.
Os espaços dos bebês na creche: contribuições das produções científicas brasileiras (2009-2018)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Masson, Giseli Alcassas; Fernandes, Jarina Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6612611612919706; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0267216373209411
The theme of spaces, as shown by the official Brazilian documents and the existing literature, has increasingly revealed its importance in daily pedagogical practices with babies in daycare centers. In this sense, the present research aimed to identify, describe and analyze the contributions of Brazilian scientific productions of the last decade (2009-2018), which deal with the spaces of babies in daycare, making their convergences evident. Therefore, methodological inputs and procedures from documentary and bibliographic research, exploratory and descriptive studies and content analysis techniques were used. As a theoretical reference, the research started from reflections on the space of babies in daycare center present in the Legislation and in the Official Brazilian Documents, in the Cultural-Historical Theory, in the Italian Approach of Reggio Emília and in other contemporary authors who have studied the theme. The study allowed to map and present an overview of the Brazilian scientific productions present in the annals of the national meetings of ANPEd and the repositories of BDTD and CAPES, as well as to elaborate five thematic axes around which the referred productions gravitated, being: 1. Space as an opportunity for interaction, mediation and access to culture; 2. Space as a place for babies; 3. Space as a curricular element, educator of babies and partner of educators; 4. Space as a context for babies' protagonism and 5. External space as a context of collective life for babies. The analysis of the thematic axes revealed that: the space, when well organized, expanded and enriched, with educational intent, favors interactions, acts as a mediator and expands the babies' contact with cultural goods; space, when it goes beyond its physical dimensions, constitutes a place for babies, through the senses and meanings that they give to it, because place is affection, it is relationship, it provides security and construction of identities; space is a curricular element in teaching with babies, it is an enhancer for their learning and a partner of educators in the process; the space is a context for the participation of babies who are active subjects and need to be heard when planning, organizing and evaluating educational proposals that involve spaces; the external spaces are contexts of collective life for babies, the classroom cannot be the only educational space for them in the nursery, all spaces are equally important. Finally, the Integrating Synthesis made evident some convergences between the scientific productions of the last decade: recognition of babies as subjects in daycare centers; the importance of planning and organizing spaces with educational intent, in view of the conception of each educator and school institution about the baby, the child, childhood and early childhood education; the need and the importance of investing in the continuing education of educators, in service or in other training spaces; and lastly, the emergence of the theme of external spaces, a tendency of more contemporary works to problematize the presence of babies in these spaces.
Síntese de miméticos da urease de Canavalia ensiformis e avaliação mecanística da decomposição da ureia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Sebastiany, Leticia Klein; Marques Netto, Caterina Gruenwaldt Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8042236152815373; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0829931932750688
Urease is a metalloenzyme found in many different organisms, which is also associated to virulence factors, such as pielonefritis. Hence, the study of urease inhibitors is necessary to control its activity. For a better design of urease inhibitors it is necessary to understand its hydrolysis mechanism and enzyme biomimetics arise as a simple alternative to study some aspects of enzymes. In this work, four urease mimics were designs, synthesized, characterized and evaluated in urea´s hydrolysis. These mimetic compounds were based on dinuclear nickel complexes using new bis-triazole ligands, which were designed to render a similar environment than ureases´s active site. All characterizations (Mass Spectrometry, Elemental Analysis, Thermogravimetric, Infrared, UV-Vis, Cyclic Voltammetry, Electrochemical Spectrum, Magnetic Analysis), converge to the proposed structures for each mimetic. It was observed that all complexes could form ammonia from urea, exhibiting decay in ammonia concentration over reaction time, suggesting that ammonia was being lost by volatilization or coordination. The reaction intermediate was determined by 15N NMR, observing the appearance of a peak at 244 ppm that can be attributed to the isocyanate, characteristic of an elimination mechanism. It was also possible to detect the active species of the complex in the reaction, which is the aquo complex, suggesting that the mechanism occurs via the external sphere, since urea is not coordinated in solution to the complex. This mechanism differs from proposed mechanisms for urease and other mimetic complexes, but the reaction intermediate is in agreement with the mechanism of other mimetic complexes.
Plantas invasoras na américa latina: avanços, direções e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Romero, Jair Hernando Castro; Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2113247183965697
La sociedad moderna sufre grandes problemáticas ambientales como resultado del impacto antropogénico y el desarrollo económico. América Latina es una de las regiones más afectadas, sin embargo, las invasiones biológicas de diferentes grupos taxonómicos son de los problemas más evidentes, pero menos estudiados. Tradicionalmente, los estudios de invasiones biológicas han explorado enfoques locales, en un único filo y con poco abordadas las relaciones antropogénicas. Históricamente, las plantas invasoras en América Latina han tenido un gran impacto en los ecosistemas, y solo recientemente la comunidad científica ha desarrollado grupos de investigación que producen algunos documentos relevantes. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este estudio es mostrar y describir las investigaciones sobre plantas invasoras en América Latina y sus autores a lo largo del tiempo, para contribuir en la planificación estratégica de las futuras investigaciones. Este estudio se realizó durante noviembre de 2019 a través de la base de datos de Web of Science que acumula y condensa informaciones desde 1945. Se obtuvieron 1168 documentos, que muestran que el número de estudios ha aumentado considerablemente durante los últimos quince años, así como las tasas promedio de citas relacionadas con la calidad de la investigación. Los cuatro países con el mayor número de documentos generados fueron Brasil, Argentina, Chile y México. Los países centroamericanos tienen un gran vacío de conocimiento, al igual que Bolivia, Perú y Paraguay. La región más estudiada fue la región de América del Sur y los biomas de la sabana y la pampa. La tasa promedio de citas no aumenta con el número de autores, sino con la presencia de autores extranjeros, específicamente norteamericanos y europeos. La mayoría de los estudios son de tipo experimental, pero los estudios teóricos y de metanálisis obtienen un mayor número de citaciones. Basados en estos resultados, los científicos podrían promover un protocolo estandarizado y unificado que genere un mayor contenido en especies invasoras, tanto en las diferentes etapas de invasión como en la extracción, manejo o control. Los resultados también contribuyen a la detección de posibles lagunas en la identificación de actuales invasiones y la promoción de sistemas de investigación en América Latina.
Os sentidos da redução de danos nos discursos de profissionais de enfermagem da atenção primária à saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Pereira, Sarah Salvador; Zerbetto, Sonia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1282433435871232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2274460671819542
Introduction: Despite recent changes in the National Drug Policy in Brazil, which excludes harm reduction and prioritizes the promotion and maintenance of abstinence, harm reduction (HR) practices are still strategies that guide the health care of people who use psychoactive substances in primary health care. HR also aims to reduce biological, psychological, social and other damage associated with the consumption of these substances. In the context of primary health care, nursing professionals play a fundamental role in the health care offered to users and their families, who experience situations involving the consumption of alcohol and other drugs. Main objective: Analyze the meanings produced in the discourses of nursing professionals from a São Paulo’s inland city, about their knowledge and practices related to Harm Reduction strategy in Primary Health Care, through their perceptions. Specific objectives: Apprehend the production of meanings about Harm Reduction strategy constitutive of nursing professionals´ discourses, which permeate their knowledge, from the production conditions in which they are inserted; Apprehend the production of meanings about the user of psychoactive substances and the motivations for consumption, constituting the discourses of nursing professionals, which permeates their knowledge, based on the production conditions in which they are inserted; Apprehend the production of meanings about Harm Reduction strategy constitutive of nursing professionals´ discourses, which pervade their practice, from the production conditions in which they are inserted. Methodology: Qualitative and exploratory study, based on the theoretical and methodological framework of French Matrix’s Discourse Analysis (DA). Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with nursing professionals working in the Primary Health Care devices of a São Paulo’s inland city. For the analysis of the data obtained through the interviews, the discourse analysis technique was used according to the precepts of DA. Results and Discussion: Data analysis showed three discursive blocks: 1) Discursive memories that give meaning to the discourses on Harm Reduction conceptions. This block analyzed the discursive memories that permeated the knowledge of nursing professionals about Harm Reduction strategy. The predominance of discourses’ memories of biomedical, religious and moral models was noticed. The perspective of “extended clinic” was discreet, emphasizing the prevention of risks and damages from the use of psychoactive substances that affect the physiological dimension. 2) The imaginary formations of nursing professionals about the user who consumes SPAs and the motivations for their use. The respective block analyzed the imaginary formations built by nursing professionals about the user who consumes SPAs. It was observed that nursing professionals construct the user's imaginary formations as: unproductive, malnourished, violent, prostituted and criminal. 3) The effects of meaning that circulate the practice of nursing professionals. This block analyzed the effects of meaning that permeate the practices of nursing professionals. Most of the actions considered to be of HR focused on physical risks and damages. Some actions were aligned with the HR precepts, such as the dialog, agreement, and respect to their freedom of choice. Some professionals performed HR actions, even without identifying them as such. Collective actions to promote health and well-being were also mentioned. Final Considerations: The study can contribute to improve the professional training of nursing care provided to users of psychoactive substances, which is not limited to abstinence strategies, but to the implementation of care practices aligned with Harm Reduction and the precepts of the Psychiatric Reform.
Comportamento de pilares mistos preenchidos com concreto de resíduos de concreto submetidos a compressão axial centrada: efeito do teor de substituição e da forma de aplicação da força
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Gerin, Mayara Turi; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; Nardin, Silvana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3414381665396784
Seeking to mitigate the environmental impact of civil construction, investigations focused on concrete waste use in the production of new concrete are pushing the Brazilian researches. However, despite significant advances were made in the material composition resulting in feasible tensile strengths, this concrete, in general, still has poorer mechanical properties than concrete from natural aggregates, especially regarding to deformability. On the other hand, it is known that the confinement effect may improve such concrete mechanical properties. In this context, the recycled aggregates concrete filled steel tube appears as an option for the application of recycled aggregates concrete. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to analyze the behavior of recycled aggregates concrete filled steel tube submitted to concentric axial compression and the confinement effect provided by the steel tube to the concrete core. For this, we evaluated i) the influence of the substitution content of natural coarse aggregates by recycled aggregates concrete and ii) different methods of load application, one in the concrete core and the other in the composite section of the column. To do so, firstly, concrete characterization was performed to analyze the effects of total and partial replacement of natural aggregates by recycled concrete as coarse aggregates. Secondly, physical models of short circular columns filled with recycled aggregates concrete were tested and the results were compared to models filled with natural aggregate concrete. The method of load application significantly altered the response of the confined concrete, since the confinement stresses are developed at different times in each situation analyzed. The specimens with load application on the concrete core, although not commonly used in designing, helped to understand the effect of confinement of the concrete core of filled columns. Regardless of the aggregate type, the concrete mechanical properties ruled the confinement effect provided by the steel tube, and consequently, the behavior of the columns. Moreover, the substitution of natural aggregates for recycled concrete aggregates alone did not present significant effect on the behavior of the concrete filled steel tube nor on the deformations of the materials. It suggests that the investigated substitution may be viable for application in such structural elements.
Do quilombo ao mercado: um estudo da pluriatividade na sustentabilidade da comunidade quilombola de Ivaporunduva, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Vieira, Luciana Mello; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2198078204031739
In quilombola communities, pluriactivity has been used as a strategy for social, economic and environmental reproduction. The general objective of the research was to study the pluriactivity of the Ivaporunduva quilombola community and its relationship with the market, as a way to maintain tradition and sustainability in the quilombo. The selected study area was Quilombo Ivaporunduva, located in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil. The methodology was based on primary and secondary data and qualitative research, through semi-structured interview and form, applied to 13 quilombola producers. The results showed by the social, economic and environmental profile of the Ivaporunduva quilombola community that it has sought the path of sustainability in its activities. With the title, there were direct and indirect benefits for the community, such as the right to use the land, security and access to projects, and environmental benefits, such as the right to have a more preserved environment, with the removal of third parties from quilombola territory and the reduction of deforestation, and environmental autonomy. The community is using the pluriactivity strategy, with the diversification of its agricultural commercials activities (organic banana and pupunha palm) and non-agricultural activities (handicrafts, sweets and tourism), that has resulted in an increase in income, economic autonomy and the promotion of higher quality of life. Of the 13 quilombola producers interviewed, 60% are pluriactives. Young people of Ivaporunduva have gone out to study and have returned to the quilombo to work in the community itself. With organic certification, there was a greater appreciation of the quilombola product. Artisans use the concept of sustainability in their mode of production, with full use of the banana tree as raw material. Regarding the relationship with the market, in institutional markets, currently the production of organic bananas have served the municipal governments of São Paulo and Santo André through the PNAE, but the community has suffered from the increase competition for public notices between associations and cooperatives in the state of São Paulo. It is concluded that the Ivaporunduva community is pluriactive and is looking for the sustainability of the quilombola culture, through the pluriactivity strategy, with the permanence of the young people in the quilombo and a coexistence with their traditional subsistence agriculture.
As representações sociais de ciência: um estudo a partir de um curso de licenciatura em ciências biológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Souza, Tamires Cristina de; Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1534696969971001
This is a qualitative research aiming to investigate Science social representations of Biology’s undergraduate students and the possible relationships with their process of initial teacher training, focusing on the question: What are the social representations that Biology undergraduate students from a Public University have about Science, and what are the possible impacts/contributions of the initial teacher training on the development of these representations? The participants of this research were 89 students enrolled on a Biology course from a Public University. The research had two main steps: the first one with the collection and organization of the possible elements from the Science social representations central nucleus and the peripheric system on the students; and the second one with the search for evidences of the possible impacts/contributions of the initial teacher training on the students representations construction. The methodology applied here is based on the main method and technic of the social representations’ central nucleus research: “Free Association of Words” technique. In addition, the research’s second step used complementary interviews, from which two categories emerged: 1) LCB/ course subjects and 2) events/extracurricular activities. The data obtained with the “Free Association of Words” technique was analyzed with a prototypical analysis, and the data from the interviews was analyzed considering Bardin’s (1977) content analysis. Comparing the representations of students from the beginning and ending of the course, there was a great similarity between the elements that form the possible central nucleus of these groups. In this region there was the sharing of the elements knowledge, study and experiment. Most of the differences were found in the peripheral region, which reveals the presence of elements of a tentative character (search and curiosity) and social (domination) only for the group of ending students. In this way, the data resulting from the research leads us to verify that the reflections promoted by the course subjects and the experiences made possible by the extracurricular activities have contributed to the formation of a broader sense of Science as a human construction.
Modelagem e análise experimental do escoamento de esferas macias em fluidos viscosos: estudo de colisões partícula-partícula e partícula-superfície e da interação partícula-fluído
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Melo, Karla Raphaela Braga de; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3660124738217053
Solid-fluid flows are widely used in chemical, biochemical, food and petroleum processes. These include crystallization and sedimentation steps, hydrometallurgical operations, backwashing of granular filters, adsorption and ion exchange, effluent treatment, among others. In these processes, particle or particle-surface collision influences the fluid dynamics and energy dissipation resulting from collisions, and therefore understanding the behavior of particles in this type of flow is critical to improving process and equipment efficiency. In this context, this work investigated particle-particle and particle-surface collisions in solid-fluid flows, with emphasis on low mechanical strength particles, considered soft particles. For this, particles with different elastic, superficial and physical properties were characterized for density, diameter, roughness and Young’s modulus. As hard particles, ABS (coated and uncoated), Fluorelastomer and Nitrile spheres were used, while soft particles were synthesized from sodium alginate solutions in cationic chloride solutions (Ca2+, Ba2+ and Co2+). The interactions resulting from particle-surface and particle-particle collisions were experimentally analyzed from restitution coefficient measurements on pendulum-type equipment. The results showed influence of surface and elastic properties on the coefficient, showing a decreasing tendency of this parameter with the increase of the collision velocity, more significant on the soft particles, and with the decrease of Young’s modulus. From the experimental observations, a regression model was proposed for each particle group in order to predict the coefficient of restitution. In addition to the pendulum, the influence of the impact velocity on the coefficient of ABS spheres was also evaluated from free fall experiments. There was little influence of the impact velocity on the coated balls and greater proximity between the results obtained for the two measurement methods for uncoated ABS balls. Water experiments were also performed, in which significantly lower effective restitution coefficient values were obtained, showing the effect of dissipative viscous forces at the moment of collision. Finally, coefficient values from the literature were tested in simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics and the Discrete Element Method. The results showed that simulations satisfactorily described the particle collisions behavior with distinct elastic properties.
Síntese de hidróxido duplo lamelar: efeitos do processo de secagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Silva Neto, Luiz Daniel da; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9223608687066061
Because of its chemical versatility, ionic exchange and regeneration capacity, Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), have recently been recognized as a promising material due to their many application areas. Drying is an essential process in obtaining the desired properties for the nanomaterial, being an essential step for the formation of the morphological structure of these materials. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the drying process on MgAl–CO3/LDH synthesis. LDH synthesis was performed according to the coprecipitation method described by Reichle, maintaining a ratio of 2:1 Mg/Al. A study on drying kinetics was carried out at temperatures of 75, 90 and 105°C. For the drying stage, experimental planning with 22 with 4 axial points and 3 repetitions at the point was assembled. The description of the structure of the materials produced was carried out through X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) technique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For drying kinetics, a predominantly convective mass transport was observed with a reduction of the total drying time by approximately 35% with the addition of drying air. The empirical equations that presented the best adjustments were Page, Page Modified and Midilli et al. The LDHs obtained presented type IV isotherms and the presence of hysteresis from the presence of mesopores. The surface area and pore diameter ranged from 4.09 m2/g to 18.55 m2/g and 12.50 nm to 24.46 nm, respectively. The presence of micropores could not be observed. The FTIR analysis showed characteristic bands of chemical bonds in all parameters studied, presenting variation in band intensity. Thermogravimetric analysis is typical and proceeds successively by the loss of adsorbed, interlamellar water, carbon dioxide and dehydrogenation, presenting different values in the loss of mass for drying conditions. Through XRD analysis and the use of Scherrer, Williamson-Hall and Halder-Wagner methods, there was a tendency to increase crystallite size with the drying temperature increase from 13.10 nm to 38.94 nm. Besides, the variation in basal spacing was observed, ranging from 7,520 Å to 7,543 Å.
Filmes automontados de nanopartículas de magnetita e polipirrol na determinação analítica de metilparabeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Lima, Lucas de; Pereira, Elisabete Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3733006795539833; Ferreira, Marystela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0863715371012118
Parabens are esters derived from para-hydroxybenzoic acid used as antimicrobials and bactericides in cosmetics, personal hygiene and cleaning products, food and medicines. Side effects have been observed due to the bioaccumulation of these compounds in the mammary region. Methylparaben (MeP), the most common form, can cause cancer in womb and ovary, endometriosis and other hormonal problems in women. Breast milk is, in most cases, the only source of newborn feeding and it has an average of 22.0 μg L-1 of MeP. This value is considered risky, since the acceptable amount of parabens for children is 10.2 ng kg-1. Considering this, the present work aims the detection of MeP in samples of urine and breast milk statistically comparing the electroanalytical method of Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) with the official method of Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), using modified electrodes. The magnetite nanoparticles presence with polypyrrole (Fe3O4-np/Ppy)3 on the gold substrate surface (Au), allowed the increased charge transfer rate of the target molecule. The size of the Fe3O4-np was determined by SEM and SPR with an average diameter of 16.28 ± 2.48 nm and 14.8 nm, respectively. Besides, a linear growth and good interaction between Fe3O4-np and Ppy in film LbL were observed, as can be seen in UV-vis spectra by the bands at 224, 360 e 480 nm and FTIR spectra by the bands at 561, 632, 1576, 1419, 1041 e 936 cm-1. The DPV method detected MeP in urine and breast milk in a range of 16.43×10-6 – 131.40×10-6 mol L-1 and limits of detection were 3.76×10-8 mol L-1 and 7.11×10-8 mol L-1, respectively. Both methods were compared by statistical method Miller-Miller. The good linearity obtained in the statistical method indicating that the electrochemical sensor and the analytical method presented very close results, showing good accuracy between both methods, which allows discussion concerning the use of electroanalytical methods as alternative forms of official analysis methods in biological fluids containing MeP.
Percepção de educadores e pais sobre as etapas de 24 a 36 meses do livro Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 Actividades de Aprendizaje
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-20) Oliveira, Dáffini Henrique; Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4909957858006251
Due to the possibilities of use in the field of early childhood education, the instrument for screening and monitoring child development Ages and Stages Questionnaires Brasil (ASQ-BR) has gained space and visibility in the Brazilian scenario, after its translation and cross-cultural adaptation in 2010. Consisting of 19 questionnaires, intended for children 5 to 66 months of age, ASQ-BR has good psychometric properties. From this instrument, the book the ASQ-3Actividades de Aprendizaje was developed in 2013 and published in 2016 with the intention of being a joint resource to ASQ-3, providing parents and educators, from an easily understood language, with game ideas educational and interactional, which enable the enrichment of children's development. The book covers ages between 0 and 60 months and is divided into five development domains: Communication, Large Motor, Fine Motor, Problem Solving and Personal-Social, according to the ASQ-3 intervals. Since the use of the material is unprecedented in Brazil, this study aimed to understand the perceptions of educators and parents about a part of the book ASQ-3Actividades de Aprendizaje, corresponding to 24 to 36 months of age, as a resource to promote child development . This is a descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach. Seven educators and nineteen parents linked to the Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education of a municipality in the interior of São Paulo participated in this study. The results demonstrate that the translation and adaptation process enabled a detailed analysis of the content described in the book fragment, the correction of divergence between the existing proposals in the preparation of the material, in which the final material obtained the consensus of the evaluators, being then sent and approved by the authors and publisher at the end of the process. Regarding the understanding of Child Development (DI), all educators and parents consider it relevant to monitor DI, the educators focusing on the importance of continuing education as a space that fosters reflection on educational practice and parents, based on perspective on typical and atypical development, as well as development milestones. As for the material of the ASQ-3 Learning Activities (Portuguese-BR) in the stages of 24 to 36 months, it proved to be clear, with objectivity of language and relevance in the educational and family contexts. It was also found that the activities of the book ASQ-3 Learning Activities (Portuguese-BR) in the stages of 24 to 36 months can be used in conjunction with the ASQ-3 instrument, supporting the application of the questionnaire, reinforcing that life activities daily activities can be considered spaces that promote Child Development (DI) and monitoring.