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The value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in determining severity in patients with both systolic heart failure and COPD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03) Goulart, Cássia da Luz; Caruso, Flávia Rossi; Arêas, Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco; Marinho, Renan Shida; Camargo, Patrícia Faria; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; Oliveira, Claudio Ricardo de; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; Roscani, Meliza Goi; Silva, Audrey Borghi; Santos, Polliana Batista dos; Silva, Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9790656360225486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7119400854907214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0833133191438250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0976845548972921; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8975177658472167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9224940191005426; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5625129949363675
Corrupção no âmbito municipal: o caso Sevandija em Ribeirão Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Almeida, Tailon Rodrigues; Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7257836742231052
This research addresses the phenomenon of political corruption at the municipal level, and its scope of work consists in conducting a case study having as its object of analysis the corruption scandal entitled Sevandija, which occurred in Ribeirão Preto, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the second administration of former Mayor Dárcy Vera (PSD), between 2013 and 2016. We maintain that the institutions have strong relevance in the study of the proposed theme and we seek to combine the theoretical debate about Local Power with the institutional study of corruption. The general objective that guides our research is to analyze the institutional conditions of the municipal administration that allowed the practice of corruption. In this sense, we fundamentally seek to answer the following question: What are the institutional conditions that made possible the practice of corruption in Ribeirão Preto? The specific objectives of this research are: (1) to map the institutional circuits where the illicit practices occurred in Ribeirão Preto and; (2) to analyze the institutional mechanisms that made it possible to halt the actions of the assembled CPIs to investigate signs of irregularities in the municipality's budget execution. We use a qualitative methodology based on the case study focusing on historical neoinstitutionalism combined with semi-structured interviews with prosecutor Leonardo Leonel Romanelli, who coordinated the investigations by GAECO, and councilor Marcos André Papa (REDE), who chaired the CPI of Daerp. From the listed methodology, and in order to achieve the proposed objectives and answer the research question, we will analyze the following material: semi-structured interviews; minutes of legislative sessions at which CPIs were voted; investigation reports and case files prepared by the Public Prosecution Service in conjunction with GAECO; Internal Regulations of the Ribeirão Preto City Council; the Organic Law of the Municipality.
Estudo da viabilidade de formação de nitreto de boro em aços inoxidáveis ferríticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Santos, Ellen Rodrigues dos; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549003113970354
Since the 90s, the petroleum industry has been conducting research on alloys that are wear and corrosion resistant once several equipment parts used in the oil exploitation, extraction and production, such as pipes, joints, valves and pumps, are subjected to severe wear and corrosion conditions. Recently, the research group of DEMa-UFSCar has been developing different metallic materials presenting high wear and corrosion resistance for coating applications. An example of such developed materials are the boron-modified stainless steels. Supermartensitic, ferritic and duplex stainless steels with variation of boron content between 0,3% and 3,5% wt were developed. These materials were able to maintain the excellent corrosion resistance of stainless steels, while increasing the wear resistance to values much higher than those of usually presented by conventional stainless steels. This project proposes the development of chemistry composition and processing scheme of a ferritic stainless steel modified with boron and nitrogen aiming the in-situ formation of hexagonal boron nitride during the solidification process. The hexagonal boron nitride is a self-lubricating phase, which allows a remarkable friction reduction and optimized anti-wear property due to the presence of M2B and M3B2 borides types. The alloy selection for this study was based on results of thermodynamic calculations with the aid of the CALPHAD Method supported by Thermo-Calc software TCFE7 database. Three compositions of 444 ferritic stainless steel modified with different amounts of boron and nitrogen were obtained, one by spray forming and two by conventional casting. The produced deposit and ingots were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS).
Modelagem e simulação da produção de biossurfactante em biorrefinaria integrada biodiesel-bioetanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Cansian, Ana Bárbara Moulin; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873; Sousa Júnior, Ruy de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791829789886693
Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules produced by enzymatic or microbiological routes. Biosynthesis can occur by esterifying sugars with fatty acids, with lipase as the main enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. However, such products are not yet available on the market, which is dominated by synthetic surfactants, derived from non-renewable sources. In view of this, there is a need to propose new production routes with greater economic viability than those already existing. Thus, the work in question proposes to model and simulate a bioprocess for biosurfactant synthesis through enzimatic route. The simulation was performed using equation-oriented software (EMSO).Two possible routes for the production of biosurtants were evaluated: the first employs the esterification, by immobilized lipase, of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) with xylose, followed by recovery and reuse of the enzymes, and the product separation / purification process using liquid-liquid extraction; a second consideration to the selection / purification of the product by use processes. Regarding the first proposal, in order to simulate the liquid-liquid balance, it was necessary to know the thermodynamic parameters. A solution commonly used to predict thermodynamic phase equilibrium when two liquid phases might be present is the non-random model of two liquids (NRTL). Thus, a specific objective of this work was to train a neural network to predict equilibrium parameters of the NRTL model, and then to obtain estimates of activity coefficients for compounds of interest in this work. An optimal neural configuration was obtained, adequately minimizing errors in training, validation and testing. The simulation of the first route was then carried out at EMSO, using the extractor developed for the separation process. However, there was no convergence since there is still a need for a greater amount of experimental information on the phases formed, which can be used as good initial guesses to the code implemented in the EMSO software. Despite the non-convergence, NRTL-neural modeling is an important methodological contribution to the study of separation of the esterification product via liquid-liquid extraction, which may be better applied in future works. As the separation by extraction is still not concise enough, we proceeded to simulate the second route to be evaluated, based on a proposed precipitation sequence. Considering such a process 4 alternative, the modeling and simulation were carried out successfully. The percentage of solids in the product was about 14% AGL and 86% biosurfactant. Regarding the study of energy expenditure, in general, there was a greater absolute amount of heat associated with cooling (coolers that precede the first precipitator and the second precipitator, - 216.5162 kW) than heating (esterification reactor, 20.1748 kW). With the simulations carried out it was possible to verify that the degree of purity found in previous work available in the literature could be reached for the production of biosurfactants from residues of the biorefinery environment via enzymatic catalysis, becoming an alternative in obtaining sugar esters.
Efeito do treinamento aeróbio de natação no conteúdo de GLUT4 e FAT CD36 e metabolismo energético de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Pejon, Taciane Maria Melges; Beck, Wladimir Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3124811889307056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0719768252909847
The end of ovarian secretion of estrogens is associated with imbalance of energy substrates, raising the risk of metabolic diseases. Physical training (PT) corresponds to non-pharmacological treatment in this context, because it is potent metabolic regulator through oxidation and storage of substrates transported by GLUT4 and FAT CD36. However, few is known about the effects of PT on the content of these carriers on ovariectomy (OVX). Therefore, the objective was to analyze the metabolic repercussion of OVX and PT in the from the GLUT4 and FAT CD36 content, under the hypothesis that The PT prevents the unwanted metabolic effects caused by OVX, by not allowing a drop in the content of these proteins. We evaluated 38 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups: control (CG), ovariectomized (GO), exercised (GE) and ovariectomized/exercised (GOE). At 90 days of age GO and GOE had their ovaries extracted through the bilateral OVX technique. At 102 days of GE and GOE were submitted to critical load test, which consisted of 4 maximum swimming efforts with times between 2 and 10 minutes, to determine the intensity of individual critical load (iCC - % of body mass - % BM). GE and GOE swam with 80% iCC, 30 minutes daily/5 days a week, for 12 weeks, with weekly adjustment according to BM. Spontaneous physical activity (SPA) of all groups was measured every two weeks by gravimetric analysis. After 12 weeks of PT, the animals were euthanized. Blood was collected for glycemic analysis; brown adipose tissue (BAT) for mass recording; skeletal muscle (SM) right soleus was directed to quantify FAT CD36 and GLUT4 by immunofluorescence; SM gluteus maximus (GM) and gastrocnemius rights for muscular triacilglycerol analysis (TG); SM soleus, gastrocnemius and GM left for glycogen measurement. The data were presented in mean±standard deviation, submitted to the ANOVA factorial and post hoc variance analysis test of Newman-Keuls for significance level of 5%. OVX promoted BM reduction (F=216.22; p<0.01), without significant effect caused by the PT (F=0.40; p=0.78). OVX reduced SPA (F=6.67; p<0.05), while PT increased (F=19.75; p<0.01). OVX reduced FAT CD36 (F=56.01; p<0.01) and PT increased (F=43.98; p<0.01). OVX reduced GLUT4 content (F=23.43; p<0.01) and PT increased (F=39.28; p<0.01). OVX reduced the mass of BAT relativized by BM (F=11.51; p<0.01) and PT increased (F=35.63; p<0.01). As for muscle glycogen, OVX did not prove changes in the soleus, GM and gastrocnemius (F=1.31; p=0.26; F=1.67; p=0.20 and F=3.91; p=0.05, respectively), while PT promoted an increase in the soleus (F=5.66; p<0.01), without repercussion on the GM and gastrocnemius (F=3.04; p=0.09; F=3.18; p=0.08). Regarding TG, OVX significantly reduced in GM (F=5.27; p<0.05), but did not promote alteration in gastrocnemius (F=1.68; p=0.20). PT did not change significantly in GM (F=1.71; p=0.20) and gastrocnemius (F=2.88; p=0.10). OVX increased blood glucose (F=9.57; p<0.01) and PT decreased (F=27.66; p<0.01). In general, OVX caused damage in metabolic parameters, while PT promoted improvement in these parameters, presenting similar results and eventually optimized in relation to control.
Quantificação e agrupamento de neurônios in vitro usando mapas auto-organizáveis em matriz de microeletrodos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Campos, José Roberto; Saito, José Hiroki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1452070858039275
Understanding how information is encoded in large neuronal networks is one of the biggest challenges in neuroscience. A possible approach to investigate the information processing capabilities of neuronal nets is given by the use of dissociated neuronal cultures attached to the Microelectrode Array. For instance, cortical neurons dissociated from rat embryos cultivated in vitro in MEA show characteristic patterns of electrophysiological activities, ranging from isolated peaks in the early days up to highly synchronized bursts after 3-4 weeks. In this context it is important to know the spatial distribution function of neurons and, for that the microscopic images are an alternative used to find out the positioning of the neuron cells on the glass substrate of the MEA. However, it is worth noting that microscopy is not always performed mainly at short intervals during signal recording. Of course there is a lack in the context of methods capable to perform such functions without impairing the measurement of spontaneous signals produced by the neuronal networks. To minimize this problem, it is proposed in this thesis a framework for quantifying and classifying neuron cells and thus estimate the topological arrangement of the culture, by identifying spikes and bursts, on the MEA electrodes. The framework developed for mapping the topology of neurons, using Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network, is applied to the recording signals of the experiment entitled Culture 371 of dissociated neuronal cells, carried out at the Laboratory of Neuroengineering and Bionanotechnology at the University of Genoa, Italy. To validate the procedure, a topological map obtained as result of this thesis is compared with a microscopic image obtained on day 38 of maturation of Culture 371. Considering the majority number of MEA electrodes, the Chi-Square test resulted in confront of this validation. In addition, it is applied in the topological maps the classification the neurons observed around the microelectrodes using the analysis and separation of the registered spike waveforms.
Estudo da resistência ao desgaste e corrosão do aço AISI 4340 com tratamento a plasma de nitrocementação, revestimento DLC e multicamada (nitrocementação + DLC)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Campos, Lucas de Almeida Pires de; Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0139027055418391; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6105873131644148
Duplex treatments are performed seeking out to promote additional tribological property for a material, for example, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited on AISI 4340 steel nitrocarburizing surfaces. DLC films have properties such as high hardness, chemical inertness and low coefficient of friction, but may exhibit defects in their formation that affect the corrosion resistance of the material. Plasma nitrocarburizing treatments produce controlled thickness layers with high corrosion resistance. The aim of this work is to study the wear and corrosion properties of AISI 4340 steel after plasma nitrocarburizing, DLC film deposition and duplex treatments (nitrocarburizing + DLC films). The Nitrocarburizing treatments by plasma were performed with 80% N2 + 17% H2 + 3% CH4 at 400, 450, 500, 525 and 550°C for 5 hours. The deposition of DLC film was performed by DC-PECVD method using 90% CH4 + 10% Ar at 200°C for 2 hours with a silicon interlayer to improve DLC adhesion to the surface metal. The duplex treatment was performed with the best temperature of the nitrocarburizing formed followed by DLC film deposition with silicon interlayer. Micro-abrasive wear tests by fixed ball and corrosion tests by cyclic polarization showed that all material treated presented increase of wear and corrosion resistance when compared untreated material, but the duplex treatment material provided lower wear volume and induced more positive corrosion potential than individually treated materials, showing that the duplex treatment can improve even more the properties in wear and corrosion of the AISI 4340 steel.
Estabilidade e habilidade de formação de vidros óxidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Jiusti, Jeanini; Andreeta, Marcello Rubens Barsi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7904227795652627; Zanotto, Edgar Dutra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0754235694023514
The glass-forming ability (GFA) is a measure of the easiness of vitrification of a liquid during cooling from the liquidus temperature. The GFA is inversely proportional to the critical cooling rate (Rc), whose determination is laborious. Numerous glass stability parameters (GS = glass stability), based on the characteristic DSC temperatures of glasses, have been suggested in the literature to facilitate the estimation of Rc. 35 GS parameters were analyzed for their ability to estimate the GFA using a rigorous statistical method. The effect of alkaline oxides (R2O) and alkaline earth oxides (RO) on the GFA was also studied. In this work, we proposed and tested a new parameter to estimate the GFA of oxide glasses, which is based on crystallization models and depends on the viscosity, h, and liquidus temperature, Tl (GFA ∝ [h(Tl)/Tl2]). It showed a good correlation with the Rc of various oxide compositions. The study of the GS parameters showed that the KW, KH, and KCR parameters estimate well the GFA of glasses, but all of them depend on Tl. Among the parameters that do not depend on Tl, the KM parameter stood out. The study of the effect of network modifiers pointed out that Li2O results in the worst GFA among the alkalis. In contrast, the alkaline earth elements have a similar effect, regardless of the atomic radius. The order of glass-forming ability for pure network formers is B2O3 > SiO2 > GeO2 > TeO2 > Al2O3. The GS parameters indicated that the compositions with the best GFA are often found in the eutectic points; however, it may be associated with particularities of the structure of the vitreous system.
Inovação das práticas de competência informacional com o uso de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem em bibliotecas universitárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Maia, Cristina Marchetti; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1014901643633740
Libraries play a fundamental pedagogical role in teaching information competences in individuals, by providing mechanisms for the development of competences aimed at the awareness of information-related processes and the construction of new knowledge through the incorporation of concepts, as well as the mastery of traditional information seeking techniques. Such skills include the use of digital tools that take into consideration professionals´ and users´ rights and duties; a commitment to the cultural collective; the development of an understanding of the current information scenario and the constant transformations that occur within it. The research we describe in this chapter aimed to contextualize and comprehend Active Methodology approaches to teaching and learning, seeking a critical reflection regarding their use in information literacy initiatives in HE institutions. The hypothesis is the Information Literacy, when based on principles of active teaching and learning and as an integral part of the pedagogical HE environment, can deliver positive results and ensure greater effectiveness in student learning. The research we describe here is of a descriptive-exploratory nature. The approach for data collection was that of bibliographic research, followed by a structured content analysis of the selected retrieved documents. Twenty-three publications were selected for analysis between 2015 and 2019. The active methodologies discussed in these retrieved papers were: the Flipped Classroom, Inquiry Based Learning, Peer Instruction, Activity Based Learning, Project Based Learning, Problem Based Learning, Backward Design, Cephalonian Method, Minute Paper and Storytelling. The Flipped Classroom was the most-frequently used method and the only one that was used alongside other learning techniques. As to the use of resources and Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) used in the application of different active methodologies, the use of videos and tutorials predominated. In general, the satisfaction levels among students were good in the groups in which the methodologies were applied and the positive points highlighted were: increased interest from the students during the sessions; improved interaction and collaboration between colleagues and the instructor; greater student involvement during the dynamics, as well as increasing the confidence level to perform the proposed activities, such as when performing the research tasks. The exception was one Activity Based Learning report which clearly stated that the active learning mode did not achieve the expected results compared to the use of lectures. It is our hope that the discussions and proposals that we present and systematize in this study will instigate library professionals to rethink their pedagogical approaches towards creating and running information literacy programmes in HE environments, by to underpin their professional practice about teaching methodologies promoted by librarians.
Alfabetização em questão: o reconhecimento do papel das cartilhas no percurso histórico do processo e a essencial ascensão do método fônico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Silva, Nayara Pâmella da; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; Cagliari, Luiz Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7089011529083708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9965718421533502; Moura, Maria Isabel de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9518055110002250
Analyzing the history of literacy in our country, we verify the great influence exerted by the spelling books , simple, precise and objective material, but which over the years lost value and fell into oblivion in the school sphere, however, it finds resistance in stationery stores, newsstands and homes. This fact is explained by the gap observed in our schools, alarming data indicate precariousness in teaching, high rates of illiteracy and lack of training for teachers. In that regard, the spelling books represent support for parents concerned with the difficulties presented by their children in the literacy process. The purpose of this material is to outline possibilities of work in the classroom so that the objective of literacy, from the perspective of literacy and in the light of linguistic knowledge, is achieved. Taking it into account, I present considerations on the need for the phonic method to be approached in the process, I outline the causes of the gap found by analyzing the methodology in force in our schools through the material Read and Write and rescue the contributions that the spelling books have brought throughout history for the literacy process. For the development of this work, I used bibliographic research, developed in a qualitative approach, of an exploratory-descriptive nature, using as a reference source the works of authors such as Mortatti, Soares, Cagliari and very particularly I used the notes made during the course. “Revisiting literacy” discipline taught by Prof. Dr. Luiz Carlos Cagliari at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara campus.
Ruralidades midiáticas: uma análise sociológica da construção de perfis no Facebook por mulheres do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Barbosa, Eduardo; Marzochi, Samira Feldman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6466778428443375; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3133229867053655
Country Brazilian residents have been historically portrayed by classical literature and national cinema as inferior to city dwellers, in habits and appearance. The collective imagination is fueled by this creation of another caricature which in turn that is just the result of a hierarchical classification form. This study aims to analyze the ways whereby women from a rural district of a small town, in Brazilian Midwest produce self-narratives on Facebook profiles. The analytical observation of profiles intends to understand how the self-showing in social networks provides alternative narratives to the caricatured model that the collective imagination imprint on country dweller bodies.
Erro e ilusão transcendental no primeiro paralogismo da segunda edição da crítica da razão pura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-02) Cruz, Patrícia Fernandes da; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5377153573290751
The main objective of this dissertation is to understand the error and transcendental illusion in the paralogism of the substantiality of the second edition in the Critique of Pure Reason. Paralogisms, as part of the transcendental Dialectic, defined by Kant as a “logic of illusion”, are an important point in this investigation, since they are focused on the critique of I think, the only text available for rational psychology, which plays a positive and indispensable function already in the transcendental deduction of Critique. In transcendental deduction, I think is a merely formal condition of all thought and is not, in itself, illusory. Thus, the transcendental Dialectic gains negative contours from the introduction of an aspect of the very nature of reason in relation to the I think: the transcendental illusion that is characterized as inevitable. Beside this illusion, there are errors that are treated as preventable. They do not originate from a lack of attention to logical rules, but are based on transcendental illusion. The first paralogism, in its version B, is taken as paradigmatic in this dissertation. In it, Kant criticizes rational psychology when it states that the mode of existence of the I think (the soul) can be taken as a substance. This statement involves the comprehension that the transcendental illusion is generated from rational principles: one of them is of a logical order - "to find, for the conditioned knowledge of understanding, the unconditioned by which the unity is completed" -, presented by Kant as a subjective need for rational activity; another principle is of a transcendental order - “given the conditioned, the unconditioned is also” - characterized by the claim of objective validity of the same activity. The problem of the relation between these two principles arises insofar as the transcendental principle is defined as illusory. Therefore, the transcendental illusion is based on the assumption that there is objective validity to the soul (I think); that is, that we can find an existing object, while, in fact, this object is unconditioned. The error has its source in the transcendental illusion and occurs when such an illusion leads to a misuse of categories (in this case, the category of substance), which consists in extending them beyond the objects of experience in view of the transcendent objects of reason that are unconditioned. The gain achieved in this dissertation is to clarify the relation between the logical and transcendental principles of reason, a relation that is essential to understand the general explanation of the transcendental illusion.
Fundamentação da filosofia na crítica da razão pura: regras metodológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Vieira, Marcelo Aparecido; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0906549801234887
This dissertation proposes to investigate the method of the Critique of pure reason itself, as it is presented in the Transcendental Doctrine of Method, for the substantiation of philosophy as science. It is Kantian thesis, from the pre-critical to the critical period, that philosophy is not yet given or constituted as science, being only an idea of a possible science; if philosophy is not yet given, one of the main tasks of the Critique of Pure Reason is to propose a systematic or integral substantiation of philosophy as science. The problem that this Dissertation seeks to investigate is the method that the Critique of Pure Reason itself adopts to accomplish this task. Two readings, divergent from each other, allow us to better understand the problem proposed here and the solution we seek to give to it. Schelling objects that Kant, by refusing a doctrine of construction for philosophy itself, would not be able to ground it. Gérard Lebrun, on the other hand, proposes that the foundation of philosophy proposed by Kant is not to be found in formal logic, as the leading thread of critical investigation, but in reflection itself as the method of philosophy. Against these two readings, this dissertation seeks to show that the foundation of philosophy proposed by Kant is found precisely in the critical method as set forth in the Transcendental Doctrine of Method of the Critique of Pure Reason. Our hypothesis is that the grounding required by criticism is possible not by the construction of concepts nor by pre-logical reflection, but by reason of the methodological rules as grounded in our faculties of knowledge and extracted from the forms of thinking itself. Which in the last analysis is: thinking by rules.
Efeitos da combinação de agrotóxicos e do patógeno Nosema ceranae no desenvolvimento de Apis mellifera africanizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Tadei, Rafaela; Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993998796939609; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0546753583907576
Bee populations have declined in several parts of the world, possibly due to a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, such as pesticides, pathogens and forest fragmentation. Since the larval stage, bees are exposed to combination of pesticides by food and contact that can harm their health and capacity to combating pathogens, such as the microsporidium Nosema ceranae. The present study aimed to assess whether exposure to the combination of pesticides in the early stage of bee development changes the rates of infection and effects caused by the pathogen N. ceranae. For this, Apis mellifera larvae from three healthy colonies were transferred to in vitro conditions and received an artificial diet containing 2% of pesticides from the third to the sixth day of feeding. The larval bioassay was composed of six experimental groups: I - Control, II - Solvent control, III - Clothianidin insecticide, IV - Pyraclostrobin fungicide, V - Combination: insecticide + fungicide, VI - Commercial pyraclostrobin fungicide - Comet®. The total consumption of clothianidin and pyraclostrobin was 0.17 ng / larva and 0.69 ng / larva, respectively. These individuals were kept at 34ºC and humidity controlled until the emergency. One day after the emergency, half of the individuals in each experimental group were orally inoculated with 100,000 N. ceranae spores. Six days after inoculation, the midgut of the bees was submitted to dissection, fixation and microtomy for histological, histochemical and immunofluorescence evaluation. From the histological sections, quantitative analyzes of the infection rate, morphometric of the epithelial thickness and semi-quantitative analyzes of cellular changes in the midgut were performed. Deleterious effects on post-embryonic development were not observed in the experimental groups. Larval exposure to pesticides made subsequent adults more susceptible to the actions of the pathogen Nosema ceranae, increasing epithelial lesions in the midgut. Among the experimental groups, the insecticide showed the highest cytotoxicity to the midgut and increased the rates of cellular infection to the inoculated spores. No synergism was observed in individuals exposed to a combination of pesticides, but co-exposure favored infection with the pathogen. The commercial formulation of the fungicide did not enhance the effects of the active principle on the ventricular epithelium of adult bees. Thus, this study is the first to assess larval exposure to combinations of pesticides followed by inoculation with N. ceranae and showed that larval exposure to sublethal doses of these pesticides can affect the health of subsequent adult individuals.
A candidatura Lula em 2018 nas páginas da Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo: agenda e enquadramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Lins, Aquiles Coelho; Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6692908975804791
In the midst of a serious political crisis, Brazil went through presidential elections in 2018. During the pre-campaign and part of the electoral race, former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) led the vote intentions, but had his candidacy prevented by the Electoral Justice, after having been sentenced in the second instance. It is known that the mass media have become a fundamental element in the political life of any democratic country and that printed newspapers are relevant in this context, due to their ability to guide the agendas of other media. In this sense, the present research investigates how the three main printed newspapers nationwide - Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo and O Estado de S. Paulo - reported and noticed Lula's candidacy attempt in 2018. For that, they were analyzed the main and editorial headlines of the vehicles from June 8 to September 12, 2018. The main methods used were the Valencia Analysis Methodology and the Framework Analysis. Three main issues were investigated: (1) the frequency devoted to Lula's electoral project by the vehicles; (2) the valuation of headlines and editorials about him; and (3) the framework given to the ex-president in the editorials. In the meantime, we tried to answer the following questions: how was Lula's candidacy portrayed by the researched newspapers? And what were the central ideas that organized the opinionated content of newspapers about Lula? It was argued that, through the selection and emphasis of certain aspects of the perceived reality, and the deliberate choice of frameworks, the three main newspapers in the country maintained a historic position of opposition to Lula and the PT, with mostly news and opinion content negative in relation to the object. The data found demonstrate that the three vehicles had largely negative coverage against Lula, both in the headlines and in the editorials, and the predominant framing in the editorials characterized Lula as an “authoritarian” politician when trying to run for office being in a condition of ineligibility.
Saberes populares e alfabetização científica e tecnológica: possibilidades e desafios para a formação continuada de professores de ciências da natureza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Silva, Larissa Aparecida Rosendo da; Milaré, Tathiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4030661520659155; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1203909012147159
The brazilian society is composed of a cultural hodgepodge due to the strong presence of indigenous peoples, immigrants and slaves of different ethnicities, impacting habits, beliefs and even forms of expression. This whole context attributes to the Brazilian community a unique community character, with intrinsic and singular characteristics and a culture resulting from the mixture of all the ethnic groups that compose it. In view of the influences of this cultural diversity, it is essential that this plurality and specificities are explored within the scope of local educational practices, valuing and rescuing the knowledge coming from society and the students' experiences. Popular knowledge composes this picture of cultural wealth, and appears as a theme with the potential to contextualize the contents of scientific disciplines. This is because it contributes to a training in which the individual is able to understand the relevance of these two cultures - popular wisdom and scientific knowledge, knowing how to transpose them and resort to them in their appropriate contexts, in line with theoretical references such as the proposed Scientific and Technological Literacy by Fourez (2005). Despite the possible contributions that work with this theme can add to science teaching, it is necessary to consider that the effectiveness of this work depends largely on the teacher, thus indicating the need for training that takes place in this perspective. However, due to the incipience of discussions on the subject within the scope of Didactics of Science, we do not yet have knowledge that provides a consistent theoretical framework for teacher training. Thus, the present work, based on the offer of a continuous teacher training course involving the relations between popular wisdom, ACT and science teaching, sought to understand what are the implications of using this theme in the teaching work and in the teaching and learning processes. science learning. To this end, we sought to analyze the process of construction, application and evaluation of teaching proposals that deal with popular knowledge and Scientific and Technological Literacy by science teachers within the scope of a distance extension course. It appears that the use of popular wisdom in an articulated way to science teaching presents great potential for work in the perspective of ACT, presenting strong approximations with the assumptions of this framework, in addition, it is evident that work in this perspective still demands great transformations in the educational system as a whole, especially in the training of teachers in the field, who, without adequate, procedural and continuous training, encounter major obstacles to promote these articulations and relationships in their teaching practice.
Padronização e aplicação do ensaio cometa para análise de genotoxicidade do mercúrio em abelhas da espécie Bombus atratus (Hymenoptera, Bombini)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Ceschi-Bertoli, Letícia; Abdalla, Fábio Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7770803221041927; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6218507280198988
The mercury (Hg) is a non-essential trace metal, that is highly toxic to living beings, is a major contaminant of water bodies. Despite the genotoxic importance of Hg, there are no studies on its genotoxicity in native neotropical bees, using effective biomarkers. Therefore, a study of the genotoxicity of Hg in Bombus atratus bees was carried out through the comet assay. This assay determines the extent of DNA damage to individual cell nuclei by differential migration of DNA fragments in microelectrophoresis. Despite the effectiveness and sensitivity of the technique, there are no records in the literature about the applicability of this assay to Bombus neotropical bees, which have many endangered species. B. atratus workers were collected from Sorocaba, SP, (23º34'53.1''S 47º31'29.5'') during the months of February to March 2019. After capture, the workers were individually placed in special boxes for the toxicological test and kept in an incubator at 26 ºC, 70% humidity, in the dark, for 48 hours, according to OECD recommendations. Eleven workers were used for the group exposed to Hg at a concentration of 0.2 µg L -1, concentration considered safe by CONAMA (nº 357, 2005), and the same number for the control group. Both groups were maintained with a 70% sucrose solution. In addition to the exposed group, 0.2 µg L -1 Hg solution was offered, and to the control group, uncontaminated water. After 48 hours, the tissues that compose the Hepato-Nephrocytic System (HNS), dorsal vessel, hemocytes, fat body/pericardial cells, and Malpighi tubules (MT), were collected and processed for the comet assay. The results showed that Hg promoted genotoxicity in these animals. Regarding the control group, the HNS of workers exposed to Hg was sensitive to contamination due to the abundant presence of different levels of comets, which indicate the fragmentation of genetic material. While MT, in turn, were less responsive to the trace metal, presenting fewer damaged nuclei. Statistical analysis compared between level 0 and total damage parameters showed higher genotoxicity promoted by Hg in HNS of the exposed group, compared to the control group. While genotoxicity in MT was similar between control and exposed groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that HNS is more responsive to Hg exposure than MT. It was concluded that the concentration of Hg considered safe by CONAMA compromised the cells that compose the HNS, impairing the general physiology of the studied species, even if the TM were not affected.
Geração de romaneios otimizados para consolidação de cargas na distribuição de mercadorias com a utilização de frota subcontratada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Vieira, Thiago José dos Santos; Munari, Pedro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853017869854389
This Master’s thesis addresses the freight consolidation integrated to the generation of cargo packing lists, from the operational perspective of an outsourced fleet in road transport with the use of freight FOB (Free on Board). The cargo packing list is a document used in cargo transportation and its purpose is to list the delivery information regarding the invoices of the goods to be dispatched. The problem consists of how to best arrange the loads in the different types of vehicles of the contracted carriers, besides having to respect the collection and redispatch processing capacities, in order to obtain cargo packing lists with the lowest total cost of distribution. These allocation decisions involve a price table, consisting of several price rules, rates and taxes, defined according to the number of deliveries in the cargo packing list and the individual weight of the cargoes to be sent. This causes a piecewise linear behavior in the cost function, requiring its full linearization to be solved as an Integer Linear Programming Problem. This case can be seen as an extension of the classic Bin-Packing Problem, in which each bin to be occupied individually has its utility value manifested as piecewise linear. Motivated by this practical and theoretical context, and because it is also a subject little explored in the literature, the focus of this research is to propose models and solution methods that are effective in supporting decision-making in practice. In addition to solving the proposed models using general-purpose optimization software, we develop constructive heuristics based on these models, as well as on reformulations obtained through the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. To verify the adequacy and coherence of these approaches, computational experiments were carried out with real data provided by a manufacturer of school supplies that collaborated in the development of this research. The obtained results revealed a high potential for application of the models for reducing costs in the practice, where reductions of more than 45% were observed in the analyzed scenarios when comparing them with the company's history. The heuristic methods also proved effective for the situation in question, offering quality solutions, yet being 96% faster on average than using exact methods.
Avaliando a eficácia do ensino de tato e ouvinte com estímulos de dois elementos na aquisição de língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Ferreira, Mayara da Silva; Cortez, Mariéle Diniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1698874787482610
Some studies have assessed how different teaching procedures may favor the acquisition of intraverbal repertoire related to foreign language acquisition in children. The present study aimed to 1) assess the effectiveness of tact and listener instruction with two-element stimuli (object and color), organized in matrix, in the emergence of bidirectional intraverbal responses (English–Portuguese and Portuguese–English) and, 2) verify the instruction effectiveness in producing generalization and recombination between pairs of elements. Four children with typical development from eight and nine years participated. The experimental conditions were 1) Pre-training probe, that evaluated the children’s initial tact, listener and intraverbal responses of the stimuli sets (color and object); 2) Tact instruction: Phase 1, color teaching, when the experimenter presented a card filled by the color (visual stimulus) and asked the child “Which color is this in English?” and Phase 2, object + color teaching, similar to Step 1, using two-element visual stimuli (object + color); 3) Listener instruction: Phase 1, color teaching, in which the participant pointed to the corresponding color (in a three card arrangement) to the vocalized word by the experimenter and Phase 2, object + color instruction, similar to Phase 1, using two-element visual stimuli (object + color); 4) Bidirectional intraverbal probe, that verified the emergence of bidirectional intraverbal responses (English–Portuguese and Portuguese–English) and; 5) Generalization test of bidirectional intraverbal responses, that evaluated the recombination among objects and color names that were not directly taught. The high levels of emergence of bidirectional intraverbal responses were observed in both tact and listener instructions, however, tact instruction efficiency seemed higher than that observed in previous studies. In generalization test, findings demonstrated high levels of recombinative generalization for all participants.
Flexibilização da jornada de trabalho: estudo de caso com servidores técnico-administrativos em uma instituição federal de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-03) Tessarini Junior, Geraldo; Saltorato, Patrícia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5837053265871206
This study aims to analyze the flexible work arrangements of technical-administrative staff in a Brazilian federal institution of education that adopts a model to reduce working time to 30 hours per week. A case study was conducted through the collection and analysis of theoretical data (bibliographic and documentary research) and empirical data (participant observation and nineteen semi-structured interviews with flexible employees, managers and union representatives). The results indicate that the flexible working time is an important part of a very complex organizational context, being permeated by a series of implications and contradictions. Initially, there is a large approval and advocacy for flexibility, especially due to obtaining more free time to devote to other personal activities. However, reducing working hours has not represented an action capable of providing better quality employment for workers. There are a number of aspects that undermine the benefits of flexibilization: i) intensification of working time, especially due to the lack of staff, excessive demands and the workers' sense of gratitude for the flexibility granted, which leads them to increase their work efforts; ii) intensification of organizational control mechanisms through norms, technologies and the fear of loss of flexibility; iii) extension of work, through information and communication technologies, to time outside the institution; iv) unstable working conditions manifested in the precariousness and scrapping of public service and public education; and v) performing a work devoid of personal sense, evidenced by the perception of inferiority in relation to an organizational daily life that privileges the teaching activity over the technical-administrative activities. In addition, flexible working time, configured as an administrative concession and not a workers right, serves political purposes, expanding the possibilities of control over workers. This research contributes to a critical debate about the implications of reduced working hours, showing that, although it is an important and necessary action for the working class, even more important is the struggle for better quality jobs that effectively provide a live with some meaning both inside and outside of work.