Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-03-19"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 10864

O material manipulável Algeblocks: uma proposta para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Camargo, Alex Sander Martins de
;
Oliveira, Paulo César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7969134352531660
This work had the purpose of developing an educational product in the form of a teaching proposal for the algebra of high school grades. More specifically, to propose studies of algebraic content through the use of concrete manipulative material called Algeblocks. Given the theoretical and methodological support of the exploratory-investigative tasks proposed by João Pedro da Ponte and his collaborators, in addition to the figurative representations of Efraim Fischbein, four tasks were planned, involving the following contents: second degree function; concepts of regular polygons; resolution, analysis and discussion of linear systems with two equations and two variables using scaling; approach to prism concepts (surface area and volume) and Euler relationship. For each of the tasks, a possible resolution script was presented, articulated with the theoretical frameworks presented in this research. In terms of the potential of didactic material, we highlight that it is a relevant resource for the establishment of representation records, both geometric and algebraic; versatile for use in elementary and high school content. A reflection on the limitations of the material is that it does not guarantee the validity of mathematical statements in a mathematical investigation.
Efeitos de um programa de aconselhamento de atividade física para trabalhadores da atenção básica: um ensaio clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Bisetto, Leandro Augusto
;
Mininel, Vivian Aline
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557060516800427
;
Gomes, Grace Angélica de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231669265846900
Introduction: Although the benefits of physical activity (PA) are well-known, little is know about effects of PA interventions for health professionals of Primary Health Care. Aim: This study aims to analyze the effects of an intervention for behavior change on physical levels among primary health care workers in São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: Participants (58) were randomized in: i) Intervention Group (IG) (n=29) or ii) Control Group (GC) (n=29). The intervention provided 40-minutes of counseling for behavior change in PA once a week for one month as well as daily motivational messages by phone. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), long version. LifeStyle Profile Scale (PEVI) measured lifestyle levels. The groups answered the questionnaires at the end of the program (one month) and three months later (follow-up). Lifestyle and PA difference-means of the groups were compared by time (pre, post, and follow-up). As the estimated media for PEVI scores and AF minutes weekly between the baseline moments, powders and follow-up were compared using Generalized Estimation Equations. Results: A sample was made up of 100% women, with an average age of 46.8 (± 11.6) and 41.1 (± 7.0) for IG and CG, respectively. After an intervention and without a follow-up period, the IG increased more PA without leisure time when compared to the control group (p = 0.021). As variations in the general lifestyle, the detachment PA and total PA did not show statistically significant differences between the groups.Conclusion: The program was effective in increasing the level of PA.
Correlação do IDEB 2015 com os indicadores educacionais: a situação atual das unidades federativas do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Riscal, José Reinaldo
;
Luiz, Maria Cecília
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6206723054358043
The present work continues the research developed in my master's degree, entitled Mapeamento Quantitativo dos Impactos da Gestão Democrática no Desempenho das Escolas Públicas no Ideb 2013. Since we observed that the vast majority of Federation Units have not been able to achieve the goals set by INEP for Elementary School II, it was decided to expand the master's project to identify which factors have the greatest impact on achieving the targets set to public schools. The objective of the doctorate project are: 1. to statistically determine the impact of educational indicators, profile characteristics of school principals and democratic management practices (in particular, the elaboration of the Pedagogical Political Project and the role of the School Councils in the administrative, fiscal and pedagogical dimensions) on the values of IDEB and on the fulfillment of the goals set by INEP for public schools, establishing the hierarchy of relative importance of these variables. 2. map the configurations of these variables in each of the Federation Units. To achieve these objectives, a documentary and statistical analysis were made with official indicators, from INEP (National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira), PDDE (Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola, from the Ministry of Education) and IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), referring to the year 2015. The study proved that the following variables: constant participation of the School Councils in the pedagogical, fiscal and administrative decisions of the school, the permanence of the school principal for a period of not less than five years in the same school, holding a postgraduate course by the principal (specialization, master's or doctorate), exclusive dedication to school management and being chosen through a selection process have a significant impact on IDEB's values: the Federation Units with greater proportions of public schools with these characteristics tend to perform better. All of them contribute to the fulfillment of the goals of the Initial Series, while the choice of the director through a selection process, holding a postgraduate course are those that have significant contribution to the fulfillment of the goals of the Final Series. However, the modeling also showed that the chance of achieving the targets is inversely proportional to the initial value of IDEB in 2005, which shows that the Federation Units that performed better in the first wave of the index were penalized with more aggressive targets.
Esterificação de glicerol com ácido benzoico sobre zeólitas H-ZSM-5 hierárquicas incorporadas com Zr ou Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Macedo, Vinícius de
;
Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9579932522162707
Acid zeolites are microporous aluminosilicates, which exhibit negative charged AlO4- tetrahedrons in its lattice balanced by protons (H+), generating Brønsted acid sites (BAS). The Lewis acidity of zeolites is commonly accepted as caused by the presence of extraframework Al species (Alef) and also by heteroatoms, such as Ti4+, Sn4+, Zr4+ or Nb5+ tetra-coordinated in its framework. The acidic sites of these heteroatoms are considered to be water tolerant. It has been shown that by adjusting the textural and acidic properties of H-ZSM-5 and H-mordenite zeolites by partially removing Si, Al and or by incorporating the aforementioned atoms, the activity of these catalysts in esterification reactions has been improved. In this context, it is proposed to use acid zeolites, modified by post-synthesis treatments of desilication and Zr or Nb incorporation, to be used in the direct esterification between glycerol and benzoic acid without the use of solvents for the synthesis of α-glycerol monobenzoate (α-MBG). The α-MBG is an important molecule used as a platform in the development of drugs such as carvedilol and propranolol. However, its synthesis is poorly studied, its formation is slow and it can be degraded in acidic media, which stimulates studies to improve its synthesis. So, this thesis presents the incorporation of different levels of Zr or Nb in desilicated ZSM-5 zeolites using the solid state incorporation approach. The results obtained in the XRD diffractograms of the incorporated zeolites identified the formation of the tetragonal phase of zirconia at high Zr contents and the pseudohexagonal phase of niobium in all Nb contents. The chemical mapping images obtained by EDX showed that at high Zr contents there was a high agglomeration of this atom, mainly at the edges of the zeolite crystals, while the Nb agglomerated forming particles. The bands of the DRIFTS spectra referring to the hydroxyl vibrations (νOH) of silanol groups showed an increase in intensity after desilication, indicating an increase in the population of these species. After incorporating Zr or Nb, these intensities decreased, indicating the formation of Si-O-Zr or Si-O-Nb bonds and effective incorporation of these atoms into the structure of zeolites. The DRIFTS obtained after adsorption/desorption of pyridine identified that the relationship between Lewis and Brønsted acid sites (LAS/BAS) of the incorporated zeolites decreased. However, only with samples incorporated with Zr, as the increase in its content, the LAS/BAS also increased. It was observed that the selectivity of the reaction using the zeolites was 100% to α-MBG and the sample desilicated by a concentration of 0.2 mol L-1 of NaOH incorporated with the maximum content of Zr reached the highest absolute yield registered of 350 µmol under the conditions used in this thesis.
Sumarização automática multidocumento multilíngue: seleção de conteúdo e tratamento da redundância com base em conhecimento léxico-conceitual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Camargo, Yasmin Vizeu
;
Di Felippo, Ariani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5847705951379776
Multilingual Multi-document Summarization consists in automatically producing, from a collection of texts on the same topic and in different languages, a summary in one of the source languages. Thus, this task deals with the problems of Multi-document Summarization, such as the identification of relevant content and the treatment of redundancy, and with the multiplicity of source languages. For the production of multilingual summaries in Portuguese, CFUL is the method with the best performance. CFUL is extractive and thus it punctuates the source sentences in their original languages based on the simple frequency of their nominal concepts in the collection and it selects the best-ranked ones in Portuguese for the summary, avoiding redundancy based on word overlapping between them. In this work, the CFULHiper extractive method is proposed. It also selects content based on the simple frequency of the nominal concepts, but it additionally takes into account a differentiated score for the superordinate concepts that are in hierarchical relations with others in the collection. The method assumes that superordinate concepts convey generic information, which is relevant to compose informative summaries. Moreover, CFULHiper avoids redundancy based on concept overlapping, capturing sentence similarity in a more intelligent manner. To develop CFULHiper, we have selected the CM2News corpus, which consists of 20 bilingual collections (Portuguese and English) of news, whose nouns of the source texts were annotated with concepts from WordNet of Princeton. The corpus was extended with the inclusion of 10 new collections, resulting at the second version of CM2News. The CM2News 2.0 corpus was submitted to an automatic pre-processing. For each collection, we have performed: (ii) identification of the conceptual hierarquical relations across the source-texts, and (iii) calculation of the simple and cumulative frequencies of the nominal concepts. To calculate the accumulated frequency of a hyperonym x, the simple frequency of x is added to the simple frequency of its hyponyms. Then, we automatically applied CFULHiper to each collection of the corpus, producing 30 summaries in Portuguese with 70% compression. We have evaluated the linguistic quality (gramaticality, non-redundancy, referential clarity, focus and estructure/coherence) and the informativeness (ROUGE) of all summaires generated by CFULHiper. The informativeness of the CFULHiper extracts is slightly better, which indicates that more generic information is relevant for composing multilingual extracts. The conceptual overlap, however, had no impact on the treatment of redundancy. Since sentences selected exclusively from a single source-text no longer have much redundancy between themselves, and multi-document clusters tend to have few cases of synonymy and polysemy, the application of a lexical or conceptual overlap measure basically generates the same results for similarity identification.
Efeitos de distúrbios antrópicos na regeneração de plantas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Silva, Vanessa Mariano da
;
Christianini, Alexander Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4842185902515992
Human disturbances like habitat fragmentation, edge effects, biological invasions, selective logging and grazing often alter biotic and abiotic conditions, potentially affecting plant regeneration. However, there was no research synthesis evaluating how human disturbances affect germination and seedling survival and there is also scarce information about disturbance effects on plant regeneration in biomes such as the Atlantic Forest. We performed two global meta-analyses to evaluate human disturbance effects on seed germination and seedling survival and the influence of disturbance type, vegetation, species traits and phylogeny on species responses to disturbance. In addition, we conducted field experiments to compare microhabitat conditions, seed germination and seed removal of native plant species in the interior and edges of small Atlantic Forest fragments and areas under ecological restoration. Our results indicate an overall negative effect of human disturbance on seed germination, and biological invasion had the largest negative impact. Germination in savannas, shrublands and grasslands was negatively affected by disturbed conditions, as well as seedling emergence of non-tree species. On the other hand, human disturbance did not have a consistent effect on germination of forest species and trees. Dispersal syndrome and seed mass had no effect on species responses. According to our meta-analysis about seedling survival, species responses were highly heterogeneous and human disturbances had no overall effect on seedling survival. The variation in effect sizes was not related to any of the species traits, habitat characteristics or their interactions. Phylogenetic relationships between species did not bias the results in any of our meta-analysis. Our field experiments in an Atlantic Forest landscape in southeastern Brazil indicated that canopy cover and soil moisture differed among the interior of small forest fragments, edges, and restoration areas, with the latter presenting the lowest mean values. Seed germination rates were extremely low in all habitat types for all 13 species studied. Seed removal rates were over 45% of all added seeds and varied according to species and vertebrate exclusion treatment. Our main results suggest that human disturbances generally decrease seed germination, and non-trees from open physiognomies are probably the most susceptible group. Seedling survival responses to disturbance were hard to predict using niche-based approaches, indicating that stochasticity and variability at a microhabitat scale might be important sources of heterogeneity on seedling responses. Our field experiments corroborated the variation of abiotic conditions at a microhabitat scale and the constraints to seedling emergence and recruitment at small fragments and restoration areas. Therefore, conservation practices or restoration efforts focusing on early recruitment, such as direct sowing of seeds, should consider the amelioration of disturbed conditions to enhance the success of those initiatives.
Efeitos do canabidiol sobre comportamentos “tipo-compulsivo” em ratos: influências do sexo e do ciclo estral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Fabris, Débora dos Santos
;
Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7060083823888759
;
Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a severe and chronic psychopathology characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic actions (compulsions). The neurobiology of OCD is not fully understood, and important differences in terms of prevalence, severity, and symptomatology exist between men and women. In addition, a significant percentage of patients are resistant to available treatments. Recent studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of a non-psychotropic compound, the cannabidiol (CBD), in mental disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBD in “compulsive-like” behaviors in rats, considering the influences of sex and estrous cycle phase in females. For this, male and female Wistar rats received intraperitoneal administration of CBD in doses of 0,3, 3 or 30 mg/kg or vehicle and had their behavioral responses analyzed in the open-field, marble burying, nestlet shredding, and spontaneous alternation tests. CBD had no significant effects on the behaviors assessed in the present study. Regarding the estrous cycle, in the open-field test, females during late diestrus showed greater expression of self-grooming behavior when compared to females in proestrus. In general, the results obtained indicate that CBD does not seem to have important effects on the “compulsive-like” behaviors evaluated. The effects of CBD in reversing "compulsive-like" behaviors induced by other manipulations should expand our understanding of the therapeutic potential of this compound in OCD.
A primazia da arte na fundamentação ontológica em Alegria Breve, de Vergílio Ferreira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Santos, Gledinélio Silva
;
Valentim, Jorge Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427303771174064
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4817151560311034
The present dissertation aims to analyze the establishment of Art as essential element in Vergílio Ferreira’s ontological grounding, electing the novel Alegria Breve (1965) as central object. It implies not only understanding such Portuguese author’s ontological dimension, his proximity and distance from some existentialist philosophers; but also reviewing his passage and rupture with Neo-realism, adhesion to some of the Nouveau Roman proposals and, above all, analyzing some aspects of the aesthetics of his novelistic project. The intertextual proposal between music and literature done in this research aims to exemplify how Art relates to the inquiries made by Vergílio Ferreira about the drama of human existence, as leitmotiv in his novelistic work. In this perspective, I intend to demonstrate how Music and Literature are inserted both in Vergílio Ferreira’s creative process and in the composition of Alegria Breve, as narrative elements. In order to do so, I am going to discuss the issues regarding experience and aesthetic feeling, as well as order and disorder, aiming to evidence how the artwork participates in the constitutional process of being, that is, its ontological character.
Avaliação do potencial de fungos endofíticos e fitopatogênicos em relação à produção da enzima cutinase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Caetano, Monique Maria Cardoso Maroldi
;
Lacava, Paulo Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750
;
Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
The use of plastic started in the last century and has been increasingly used over the years causing extremely relevant impacts related to environmental contamination. Nowadays, the most widely used approach for removing this material from circulation is the waste disposal in landfills or dumps. The use of enzymes capable of degrading this material stands out as a sustainable strategy to help reduce this worldwide problem of plastic waste accumulation. The aim of this study was to identify the capacity of endophytic fungi and phytopathogenic fungi (genus Fusarium) in relation to cutinase production, in order to select a prominent strain for application in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysis. For this the fungi were cultivated in solid and submerged state, containing different carbon sources and nutrients. For both bioprocesses, the results obtained by phytopathogenic strains were superior to those obtained by endophytic strains. For the submerged cultivation, the strain Fusarium oxysporum stood out reaching an enzyme activity of 17.2 IU / mL after 48 h of cultivation, but there was no experimental reproducibility for this condition. Solid state cultivation was promising for the production of cutinase in the absence of nutrient solution, positive result was obtained for 4 of the 5 strains tested. The best cutinase activity obtained using wheat bran and distilled water was for the strain Fusarium poliferatum with an activity of 228 IU/g after 120 h of cultivation. When plastic (PET) was added to the medium, the strain Fusarium solani stood out with the best cutinase activity reaching 318 IU / g. The results indicate that the strains used in the present work are promising for the production of cutinase, with PET being a potential inducer in the production of this enzyme when used in solid cultivation.
Processo de envelhecimento, velhice e vulnerabilidade no contexto de situação de rua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Oliveira, Tatiane Vieira Martins de
;
Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4167399433100374
As the demographic transition becomes a reality, it is of the utmost importance to study the various contexts in which the population is inserted and to influence aging. Currently there are few studies that seek to identify the scenario of elderly people in a vulnerable situation because they do not have a fixed residence. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the vulnerability of the population in the street situation, evaluating the relationship between care, reception offered by the equipment and the impacts on health conditions. This is a cross- sectional, descriptive study based on the mixed method of investigation through semi- structured interviews and the application of screening tools widely used in research, the Clinical Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20), Minimal Mental State Examination, as well as subjective assessment of health and overall satisfaction with life. Having as target people aged 45 or over, who use the equipment that serves the homeless population of the city of São Carlos - SP. The sample consisted of 40 individuals with an average age of 51 (± 5.34) years, a greater predominance of men, with a low level of education, and presenting financial demands resulting from chronic unemployment. With an average of approximately 8 (± 8.69) years on the streets. Presenting chemical dependency, and a considerable number of diseases and health complaints. In addition, 25% had cognitive impairment and 35% fragility. They reported low social support. Thus, they present demands for health and social assistance in the aging process.
Produção de γ-valerolactona a partir de furfural sobre zeólitas Hf/Al-beta – efeito da relação de sítios ácidos de Lewis e Brønsted
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Lima, Rafael Oliveira Paes de
;
Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3441857290402335
Lignocellulosic biomass has been used as a sustainable alternative to organic derivatives of fossil origin for the production of intermediates and chemicals with higher added value. In this context, γ-valerolactone (GVL), a compound used as a solvent, fuel additive or intermediate in the synthesis of fine chemical products, can be produced from bioderivated furfural. Currently, GVL is produced using high pressures in the hydrogenation in steps of levulinic acid (AL), using catalysts containing noble metals (e.g., Ru and Pd) and molecular hydrogen. As an alternative to this process, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) transfer hydrogenation allows selective hydrogenation of furfural and hence AL, over Lewis (L) and Brønsted (B) acid sites, using a secondary alcohol as a hydrogen donor. As known, zeolites have high potential as heterogeneous catalysts, as their acidic and textural properties can be designed to meet specific reaction systems. Thus, type of structure, porosity and ratio of acidic L and B sites will be determining factors in the activity for this series reaction. An optimized balance of the L/B ratio can be achieved by the isomorphic substitution of structural Al3+ in the zeolite by Hf4+ atoms increasing Lewis acidity. Zeolites (Al/Hf)-Beta have been shown to be more efficient in MPV reactions than zeolites (Al/Zr)-Beta or (Al/Sn)-Beta. Thus, the objective of the work was to prepare catalysts (Al/Hf)-Beta by post-synthesis strategies and to investigate the influence of the L/B ratio, in the conversion in series of furfural to GVL, using isopropanol and carried out at atmospheric pressure, 120 °C, 150 mmol L-1 of furfural in isopropanol and 30 mg of catalyst. The precursor and modified beta zeolites were characterized by X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (DRX), N2 physisorption, ammonia desorption at the programmed temperature (DTP-NH3) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in Fourier transform infrared (DRIFTS) and visible ultraviolet (DRS-UV-Vis). The results showed that the grafting treatment was efficient in the incorporation of hafnium in the beta zeolite structure, increasing the L/B acidity ratio and making it selective for the conversion into series of furfural, obtaining under the conditions used a yield at 46% GVL after 22.5 h of reaction.
Compósito magnético de matriz vítrea bioativa para hipertermia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Santana, Geovana Lira
;
Crovace, Murilo Camuri
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2960564171443068
;
Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
Bone cancer is a rare type of neoplasm, but with high rates of new cases annually. With several therapies available for this pathology, a controlled hyperthermia technique is promising. This technique uses the response of a magnetic material to an external magnetic field to generate heat and increase the temperature of the tumor cells, destroying the tumor without killing the neighboring healthy cells. Among the materials used, highlighted as superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite. However, magnetite has a high Curie temperature (Tc ~ 580 °C) and its use, it is required a rigorous external temperature control to avoid the local superheating. For this case, a strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM20) has properties capable of replacing magnetite and it shows a Tc within the range of technical application (42-45 °C) being able to self-regulate the temperature. In the present work, we seek to develop a magnetic and bioactive composite with properties capable of being used in bone cancer hyperthermia. The bioactive glass F18 formed a glass matrix with the incorporation of different LSM20 concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 30% by weight). Then, the composites were characterized by magnetic behavior and bioactivity. The results indicate the heating of biocomposites in response to an external magnetic field for all studied compositions, especially those containing 20% and 30% of LSM20, which obtains a temperature increase until close to Tc. Although the presence of LSM20 delayed starting the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA), the composites showed bioactive behavior with the creation of HCA in up to 7 days. These magnetic properties and bioactivity of the composites become of great potential for the bone cancer treatment by hyperthermia due to the possible heating control from the stoichiometry of the LSM phase, in the same time, which can keep the magnetic particles fixed to the treatment site through the biocompatibility of the F18 bioactive glass matrix with bone tissue.
The role of fruit crop size, diversity of avian frugivores and long-term temporal variation over seed dispersal effectiveness in a neotropical savanna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Campagnoli, Mariana Lopes
;
Christianini, Alexander Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3362063541391455
Fruit crop size may be a key-trait for attracting an abundant and diverse assemblage of dispersers, possibly leading to positive outcomes for seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE). Temporal changes in resources or frugivore abundance can also influence SDE, but it is not yet clear how seed dispersal dynamics work when we consider broad time scales. Current scenarios are marked by increasing anthropogenic impacts leading to population decline and loss of frugivores (including key-dispersers), and thus it is fundamental for us to understand seed dispersal dynamics. We chose two abundant zoochoric plant species native from Cerrado, a Neotropical savanna hotspot, the sugar-rich Miconia rubiginosa and the lipid-rich Xylopia aromatica. We evaluated how fruit crop size affected the diversity of visitors, the quantity component of SDE (quantitative effectiveness), frequency of visits by specialist and generalist birds, and how diversity of visitors affected quantitative effectiveness (QE). Also, we compared QE provided by disperser assemblages (birds and ants) temporally separated by 15 years. We found that fruit crop size may have a role in attracting diverse assemblages of dispersers, with positive outcomes for QE. Also, seed dispersal services may be maintained over time by a core of species. There are also some fluctuations in seed dispersers contributions to QE over time, causing systems to vary in time in their vulnerability to species loss. Seed dispersal is a key ecosystem function for plant community diversity and regeneration, influencing the provision of ecosystem services. Accessing the factors influencing seed dispersal, as well as how seed dispersal systems vary along temporal scales, reveal how fragile dispersal systems could be, how problematic are population declines and species loss to plant regeneration and conservation, and how crucial it is to preserve this mutualism.
O papel do enriquecimento ambiental na preparação comportamental do papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea) (Aves, Psittacidae) para reintrodução no Parque Nacional das Araucárias, SC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Martins, Mariana Herminio Bressan
;
Kanaan, Vanessa Tavares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528482769975206
;
Silveira, Luís Fábio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5263574197578953
Brazil is the richest country of species for the Psittacidae family; however, due to the fragmentation and degradation of natural landscapes, coupled with illegal traffic, several species of this family present themselves at some level of threat, such as the vinaceous breasted parrot (Amazona vinacea). Since 2010, Instituto Espaço Silvestre has focused on reintroducing this specie, which was extinct in the area that currently houses the Araucárias National Park (PNA), in the state of Santa Catarina. Part of the success of reintroduction programs is due to the behavioral and physical conditions of the animals at the time of the release and after. The large majority of the individuals of these programs are from captivity, without precise information about age, past history etc. Offering opportunities for performance and development of natural behaviors in the rehabilitation period may increase individual’s survival rates after reintroduction. Our goal was to implement and evaluate the use of enrichments to enhance foraging and natural routine behaviors of vinaceous amazon parrots destined to reintroduction at PNA. The results indicated that the food enrichments used can be efficient in promoting podomandibulation, enabling the performance and balance of natural foraging behaviors. The podomandibulation time of araucária pine nuts increased after an enriched period. The parrots showed to be conditioned to routine training after fifty days (in total) of training, according to the time of the training. However, the animals did not stay overnight in the area designated as a dormitory, suggesting that further studies should be conducted to understand animal’s motivations in forming a communal roost. However, giving the possibility to demonstrate natural behaviors, and approaching the time budget of their wild conspecifics, contributes to the welfare of animals kept under human care.
Conexão com a natureza, percepção ambiental e práticas pedagógicas de professoras/es em escolas de Alta Floresta - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Santos, Clara Machado dos
;
Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9883471563832939
This research project is the result of a partnership between the Univesidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Instituto Ouro Verde (IOV), in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in the very north of the State of Mato Grosso, in the Arc of Deforestation, in which the following were researched: a Community School located in a peri-urban area that employs a mix of innovative pedagogical approaches and a State School located in a rural settlement that uses traditional pedagogy. The general objective of the study was to analyze the connection, environmental perception and the pedagogical practices of the teachers, in order to better understand the diversity of actions and views of the teachers regarding Environmental Education in the rural context. The methodological procedures were based on a qualitative approach, that were developed in stages in the approximation of the study context and fieldwork through observation of meetings, semi-structured interviews with ten teachers and use of field journals. In the data analysis and interpretation stage were used Iramuteq software (for textual corpus analysis) and ATLAS.ti software, which supported the analysis of thematic categorical content. The research process was conducted with full consideration of ethics. The results of the study show the teachers of both schools displayed interest in and a connection with nature, as well as a significant feeling of belonging and identity with the place they live. The State School was characterized as a rural school and the Community School as a countryside school. The countryside was identified as an environment of innumerable potentialities. The attitudes of the teachers of the State School stood out, particularly: questioning, reflection, a holistic view and concern regarding integrating the value of people of the countryside into classroom work. Were observed differences in environmental educational practices, insofar as the Community School values and enables permanent practices that are based on interaction with the community, through the involvement of families. The State School displayed particular practices in environmental education due to turnover of the teaching staff and discontinuity of practices, and the fragility in the process of planning, structuring and communicating the Political Pedagogical Project to the teaching staff. However, the State School teachers expressed interest in a transversal approach and a reflective and dialogical praxis. By bringing together the teachers' interests, research development and the state and municipality's involvement in promoting and maintaining public policies aimed at countryside education and the continued education of education professionals, a significant contribution can be made to local and regional sustainable development.
O uso de uma ferramenta para avaliação e monitoramento da fragilidade em idosos, segundo a percepção de profissionais da atenção primária: desafios e benefícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Generoso, Fernanda Karoline
;
Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4033741808832092
Since the 1960s, the Brazilian population has been experiencing a rapid process of aging, the frail elderly person is considered a priority for public health policies, it demands care, family and social support. The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between sociodemographic variables, health perception and social support with frailty in the elderly registered in the FHU and identify the perception of team members about a tool that assesses fragility. This is a study of method mixed, carried out in a city in the interior of São Paulo. The population consisted of seven community health agents and a health professional from three Health Units in the Family and results of evaluations of the elderly who make up the research database the largest to which this study was linked. The study used analytical procedures to examine relationships between variables related to frailty and health condition of the elderly and conducted data collection through semi-structured interviews, focus groups and analyzes documentary in medical records. All ethical procedures were respected. The results evaluated by means of Fried's frailty assessment indicated associations between age and frailty and negative correlation between frailty and assessed social support by the MOS instrument. The findings also demonstrate that assessments are not used for health professionals to identify frailty, but reports it was possible to identify the effectiveness of the computational tool and the importance of using of technologies in primary health care.
A mobilidade urbana de jovens em projetos sociais do complexo do alemão, no rio de janeiro, e suas relações com a terapia ocupacional social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Gonçalves, Monica Villaça
;
Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3567257146494236
Urban mobility, a physical displacement that occurs daily by people and groups in urban space, with significance related to the sociocultural context, is relevant because it represents evolving aspects of social relations in cities, demonstrating possibilities or restrictions of social life. This concept approaches occupational therapy because it is intrinsic to the everyday life of the individuals, object of study and locus of the action of the profession. Upon the question "How is the daily life of young favela dwellers, with regard to their mobility through different territories of the city?", this research presents as a general objective to understand and discuss the daily mobility of young dwellers of “Complexo de favelas do Alemão”, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Specific objectives are: (1) to understand, through the use of activities, the narratives of young people about their everyday lives, with emphasis on their urban mobility; (2) to analyze the aspects that interfere in their urban mobility and (3) to reflect on the relationships between urban youth mobility and professional practice in occupational therapy. Methodological procedure are based on the materialistic-historical dialectical approach. Data production took place from September to December 2018, in a Non-Governmental Organization located within “Complexo do Alemão”. Workshops were held with different themes, namely: one workshop to presentation, four workshop to constructing the "Youth City", three workshop to creating of a Manga and one workshop in a public event on Youths and Human Rights. In addition, we follow-up individually four young people to understand their narratives about urban mobility, at this moment we also applied activities with visual resources (such as maps, fanzine and photos), and we. Made specifically one individual and territorial follow-up. The workshops were understood, from the reference of social occupational therapy, as collective processes inserted in a historical and cultural moment. The results showed a restriction of urban mobility, such as young dwellers who have not been the beach of their city, for example. The following categories were emerged, related to the restriction of mobility: the place of residence, fear and issues of gender and sexual orientation. It is proposed in this thesis that the social occupational therapist, based on a political and social reading of the concept of urban mobility, can use in the evaluation process, in the elaboration of intervention strategies, in the objective of occupational therapy action and also as articulating and an active actor participant in the formulation of public policies. It is concluded that the urban mobility of young dwellers of that territory is restricted by the fact that the favela is the target of various stigmas related to who lives there, such as poverty and the social imaginary of criminals and/or ruffianly. The fear of unknown and violence, in addition to sexual orientation and gender identity, are intertwined with the question of being “favela dwellers”, influencing the possibilities and restrictions of urban mobility. This restriction, by symbolic and concrete aspects, impacts on the everyday life of these young people, restricting their repertoire of accessed activities and the used territories, and consequentially impacts on cultural capital and social participation. Social policies stood out as a possibility of expanding cultural and educational capital, which can lead to an enlargement of urban mobility and, perhaps, the social participation of young people.
Invasão do Cerrado pela Braquiária (Urochloa decumbens): impacto na predação de sementes e potencial de disseminação por formigas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Rebolo, Isabele Francisco
;
Christianini, Alexander Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0130447098744254
Biological invasions are a threat to native biodiversity. African grasses (such as brachiaria, Urochloa decumbens) are present in almost all Cerrado fragments, and is one one of the main challenges in the conservation of Cerrado. There is no information about the impacts of this invasive on seed predation in the Cerrado. Rodents, ants and birds are important agents of seed predation, and changes in vegetation cover can alter their abundance and foraging. It is known that U. decumbens accumulates hig biomass in the invaded areas, providing milder microclimate conditions, and it may serve as a shelter for seed removal agents, which could change seed predation rates. The spread of U. decumbens occurs by wind, vegetative propagation and the transit of animals and cars. It is not known if ants may disperse U. decumbens, and in this way, they would enhance the invasion. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand if the presence of U. decumbens changes native seed predation and U. decumbens seed, and if ants are helping to spread the invasive species. The experiments were done in fragments of Cerrado in Itu, Itirapina and Águas de Santa Barbara municipalities, during the summer. To test whether the presence of U. decumbens would alter seed predation, we performed exclusion experiments. To check if ants were acting as dispersers of the invasive grass, we performed tetrazolium tests on the seeds of U. decumbens sampled from ant nests. We found that invaded sites have less seed predation, which suggests that seed predation is probably not affecting natural regeneration in places invaded by U. decumbens. We verified that ants are acting as dispersers of the invader, transporting viable seeds to their nests, where there is probably higher chance for germination and seedling development in relation to the surroundings due to the accumulation of nutrients, and patrolling activity of ants in their nests.. Therefore, our results suggest an increase in complexity about what we know about the dynamics of U. decumbens invasions and suggests important information for the management and control of the invasive grass.
Normatização da arborização urbana: produção, conflitos e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Caiche, Daniel Tonelli
;
Peres, Renata Bovo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1548750519260298
In recent years there has been an increase in the production of knowledge about the ecological, economic, cultural and social benefits of afforestation, which demonstrates the strength of the theme. However, to a lesser extent are studies dedicated to relating urban forest to the urbanization process and to the production of standards. The general objective of the thesis is to deepen the knowledge about the process of standardization of urban afforestation, considering its advances, contradictions, limitations, and conflicts. Complementarily, the objective is to understand the production of urban space and the influence on the standard production of urban forest in Brazilian cities; analyze the historical trajectory of the urban forest standards in São Carlos (SP), and verify compatibility and conflicts between urban and environmental standards in the elaboration of sidewalk tree projects in the studied municipality. For that, qualitative methods of interdisciplinary character, scientific essay, documentary analysis and project by scenarios were used. The results present theoretical and critical reflections that demonstrate that part of the problems of urban forest, in Brazilian cities, has roots in the marketing production of urban soil as well as in the incongruities of urban and environmental thinking materialized in the standards. Twenty-seven standards on urban forest of São Carlos were identified that demonstrate increased interest in the theme. However, breaks and gaps in the continuity of the formulation of standards were identified. Fifty front facade scenarios were produced for different types of urban plots, introducing different elements of urban infrastructure: 82% of the scenarios presented conflicts. When analyzing the lots of Social Interest Housing, 100% of the lots presented conflicts. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the construction of scientific, technical and political knowledge in the field of Brazilian Urban Forest. The process of producing cities is a social construction; to improve it, it is necessary to understand complex, systemic and interdependent relationships, identifying the conditions that support and condition them, in order to reflect and modify it.
Segurança alimentar e nutricional dos usuários dos restaurantes populares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-23)
Neves, Renata Siqueira Fonseca
;
Sampaio, Sueli Fatima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3579156386708644
Cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative approach with the goal of evaluating (in) food and nutrition security of users of two popular restaurants in the city of São Carlos/SP. The data collection occurred in a random sample composed of 84 individuals, through the application of Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), of Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFA) and of a socioeconomic questionnaire and of health. The analysis of the results was made with descriptive statistical analyzes to each one of the variables related to the economical profile, of health and the situation of (in) food security found. Correlated to the population profile, with the situation of (in) food and nutrition security found and the household food pattern. The situation of (in) food security, on both popular restaurants presented users in food and nutritional unsafety. In regards of household food pattern, the major food consumption is the cereals/legume group and the fruits and greenery group. It concludes that, the knowledge and institutional implication together with the popular restaurants program proposal to the city of São Carlos/SP, has contributed to the food and nutritional security of users, both from the safety feeding access and balanced nutritionally at low price point of view, and the food supply by the local family farmers utilized to the preparation of the meals served, and positively influencing on the user’s food choices at home and this way covering all the aspects that embrace the assurance meaning of the food and nutritional security.