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Automated analysis of leukocyte recruitment for in vivo studies using a spatiotemporal approach and multiple image features
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Silva, Bruno César Gregório da; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2966688106360375
Over the last few years, many researchers have directed their efforts and interests toward in vivo studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms in the microcirculation of many tissues under different inflammatory conditions. These studies’ main goal is to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Leukocyte recruitment analysis is a crucial step to understand the interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells in the microcirculation of living animals. Performed preferably by the intravital video microscopy (IVM) technique, this procedure usually requires an expert to perform visual analysis, which is prone to the inter- and intra-observer variability, besides being a tedious and time-consuming task. This problem claims, therefore, an automated method to detect and track these cells. To this end, this work aims to study and develop computational techniques for the detection and tracking of leukocytes in IVM images. We proposed an automatic computational pipeline where, after a preprocessing stage, we combined the results of frame-basis detection (2D – spatial processing) with those from three-dimensional analysis (3D=2D+t – spatiotemporal processing) of volumetric images formed by stacking all the video frames. While the 2D processing focuses on leukocytes detection without worrying about their tracking, 2D+t processing was intended to assist in the dynamic analysis of cell movement (tracking). We tested three different detection approaches for the spatial processing, named as MTM-PCA, MTM-DCNN, and DCNN. Our results were obtained by qualitative and quantitative evaluations performed over six different IVM videos, where the detected cells were compared with the manual annotations of an expert. They showed the combination of these both processing stages minimized most of the problems involved in IVM cell detection and tracking, such as cell occlusion and the proper discrimination of cell trajectories.
Outras cartografias: a narração de espaços e sujeitos à margem em romances de Conceição Evaristo e Maria Valéria Rezende
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Silveira, Raquel Mariane da; Rocha, Rejane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8406846983915506
This dissertation presents a study about the novels Becos da memória (2006), by Conceição Evaristo, and Quarenta dias (2014), by Maria Valéria Rezende, in which the spoiled identities of the ongoing urbanization process in Brazil are represented. Such identities and the spaces they are relegated to are presented, in both works, from the perspective of their narrators, whose social perspectives and places of speech – in the terms of Young (2006) and Ribeiro (2019), respectively – are notably distinct and offer unique spatial representations. The main objective of this work becomes, therefore, to analyze how the narrative spatiality is constructed in the two novels, through an approach that prioritizes the interconnection between the represented spaces and the narrative voices that present them, whose subjectivities are configured as filters under which the fictional architecture is outlined. It seeks to examine, through this analysis, the different narrative strategies mobilized by Evaristo and Rezende in the representation of spaces on the margins in two metropolises: Belo Horizonte’s slum in Becos da memória, and the slum and suburbs of Porto Alegre in Quarenta dias. For this purpose, in addition to the narrative focus, the configuration of the represented spaces is considered, in terms of their positioning, the circumscribed temporality (ies) and their (anti) aesthetics. Understanding the nature of these spaces and, mainly, the way they are represented, makes it possible to outline the subjectivities of the narrators, as also the communities that are there, which make up the horizon of literary cartography.
Invariantes de singularidades em característica positiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Vilca, Devis Ordoño; Okamoto, Bruna Oréfice; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6824383277098012; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6103449091067406
This dissertation mainly follows the works of \cite{Gr2} and \cite{Gr5}. Considering $\mathbb{K}$ a field, algebraically closed with positive characteristic, we presented invariants of singularities in $\mathbb{K}[[\underline{x}]],$ the local $\mathbb{K}$- algebra of the formal power series, such as Milnor and Tjurina numbers. Two equivalence relations are defined on $\mathbb{K}[[\underline{x}]]$, right equivalence and contact equivalence. The concept of finite determinancy of $f\in\mathbb{K}[[\underline{x}]]$ is defined with respect to those equivalence relations, the finite determinancy is also expressed in terms of the Milnor and Tjurina numbers. We show that a necessary condition for $f\!\in\!\mathbb{K}[[\underline{x}]]$ to be finitely determined by the right (respectively contact) is that it has an isolated singularity (respectively is a hypersurface with isolated singularity); the necessary condition is based on a technical lemma considering $\mathbb{K}[[\underline{x}]]$ with the $\mathfrak{m}$-adic topology. Finally, considering that the orbit application, in general, is not separable in positive characteristic, it is proved that the condition is also sufficient.
Proposição de áreas prioritárias à restauração florestal visando o redesenho da paisagem na Amazônia Mato-Grossense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Soares, Diego Ruiz; Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; Sais, Adriana Cavalieri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632431934966012
Deforestation and fragmentation of tropical forests results in an agromosaic composed of forest remnants in an anthropized matrix. Restoration actions are essential in order to reestablish connectivity between fragments, in addition to rethinking the productive matrix that promotes contributions to ecosystems and the farmers inserted there. The objective of this work was to evaluate a landscape redesign based on proposals for priority areas for forest restoration, aiming at increasing the structural connectivity of the landscape and protection of water resources in the watershed of Ribeirão Pingo de Ouro, Nova Canaã do Norte, MT. The temporal evolution of forest cover in the microbasin was characterized, basead on orbital images from 1984 to 2019. From the digital elevation model, information plans for the área were constructed and was made a multicriterial evaluation (weighted linear combination method - WLC) in GIS environment, with a focus on prioritizing areas for forest restoration, using as criteria the topographic moisture index (TWI), the proximity of forest fragments larger than 1 ha) and the slope of the terrain. The scenarios with restoration of the most priority areas were analyzed according to contributions to the spatial structure of the landscape (metrics and landscape indexes) and to the protection of water resources. Visits were also made to twenty farming families in the Settlement Project Veraneio (where the watershed under study is partially inserted), who built, based on orbital images, maps of current agricultural uses on rural properties and possible changes in the systems of production and insertion of tree components. The priority areas obtained via WLC and inserted only in the properties visited and those subject to alterations indicated by the interviewees were evaluated comparatively from their spatial structure and protection of water resources. The microbasin is inserted into the regional historical context of converting the forest to areas of agricultural use, with pastures currently composing the landscape matrix. The use of the CLP promoted the categorization of priority areas for restoration in an efficient manner, indicating 9% of the watershed as areas with high and very high priority, contributing to the reduction of the isolation of forest fragments and the increase of structural connectivity of the landscape, in addition to identifying areas with greater potential for water saturation and intermittent and ephemeral channels, important elements from the point of view of the conservation of water resources. TWI was more important among the criteria, being relevant for the identification of hydrologically important areas. The adoption of silvopastoral systems was the main change pointed out by farmers, and, with less emphasis, the restoration of permanent preservation areas (natural regeneration and / or assisted using conventional or agroforestry systems) was also identified. In terms of increased forest cover and structural connectivity of the landscape, the scenario of restoration of these areas has intermediate contributions between the scenario with restoration of areas with very high priority and the one with high and very high priorities combined. The dominant presence of conventional pastures in the watershed requires reflections on the multifunctionality and conservation of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems. The changes in the landscape, both those mentioned by farmers and differentiated management in the areas that are the most important to restoration, have the potential to generate a more diverse and multifunctional agromosaic product, with greater sustainability of agricultural activity and gains for rural producers, in addition to increased coverage forestry and structural connectivity of the landscape.
Diversidade genética e estruturação populacional do tatu-canastra (Priodontes maximus) em uma área do Centro-Oeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Rodrigues, Nayra Taveira; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7220999637124580
The giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus, is a neotropical mammal that belongs to the Xenarthra superorder. The species is widely distributed in nine countries in South America. Although its distribution is wide, it occurs in low densities in most areas. P. maximus is listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to a recent population decline caused by anthropic actions. Knowledge of the population's genetic structure and diversity is an essential issue that must be considered when proposing conservation actions, however, those data are not available for this specie. Thus, the present study represents the first population genetic work and aims to investigate the distribution of the genetic diversity of P. maximus, in the Midwest region of Brazil, covering areas in the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes. We used 14 microsatellite markers selected by new generation sequencing and amplified in 41 samples of giant armadillos collected in the study area. The microsatellites developed in this work proved to be useful for the genetic studies carried out. The results of spatial Bayesian grouping indicated the presence of two clusters (K = 2) within the sample, separating individuals from Cerrado and Pantanal. We found moderate levels of heterozygosity expected in the two clusters, however, both groups showed low allelic diversity and effective allele number, which may reflect the recent population reduction described for the species. The development of these specific microsatellites opens the possibility for further population studies on P. maximus, including the populations found in the remnants of the Atlantic Forest, where the species is at great risk of local extinction. The data obtained in the present study also provide important information for understanding the ecology of these animals and can be used in species management plans.
O papel do circuito hipocampo ventral - córtex pré-frontal medial na memória de reconhecimento e espacial (recente e remota) de ratos wistar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Crestani, Ariela Maltarolo; Girardi, Carlos Eduardo Neves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0014777128958249; Florindo, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797832406818407; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9795258348421849
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) have well-established roles in processing memories. Ventral portion of the HPC (vHPC) and mPFC have reciprocal connections and seems to be involved with processing recent memories (HPC) and consolidating into remote cortical memories. Recent discoveries demonstrate the existence of functional lateralization of the mPFC associated with modulation of anxiogenic states and decision making. Yet, little is known about the possible lateralization of the mPFC and HPC as memory modulator. So, present work aimed to evaluate the involvement of the HPC-mPFC circuit in processing memory in behavioral paradigms, and to verify the possible functional lateralization of its individual parts and the circuit. Therefore, experiments with bilateral, right or left HPCv (experiment I), CPFm (experiment II) and HPC-CPFm circuit (experiment III) were carried out in rats submitted to the Morris Water Maze (MWM), object recognition and T-maze, to assess recent and remote memory. Data revealed that none of the experimental groups showed impaired locomotion, and recognition memory was intact regardless of experimental manipulation. vHPC injuries did not affect the animals' performance in spatial trainings in the MWM or the ability to recall recent memories; however, animals with bilateral vHPC lesion had impaired remote memory recall. No deficit was observed in T-maze, regardless of vHPC lesion. In experiment II; animals acquired spatial navigation in MWM and recalled recent memories, regardless of the injury. Any lesion in mPFC compromised animal’s ability to recall remote memories in MWM, whereas still evoked newly acquired memories. mPFC lesions (uni or bilateral) impaired animal’s performance in T maze. Finally, results from experiment III indicated that ipsilateral lesion (right or left) of HPC-mPFC circuit impaired the animals' performance even during acquisition phase in MWM and the recall of recently and remotely acquired memories in the same paradigm. Also, acquisition of spatial information in T maze were impaired. No evidence of lateralization was shown. Thus, HPC-CPFm pathway seems to be essential for processing spatial memories. Still, HPC showed involvement in recalling remote memories; whereas acquisition of new memories and recall of newly acquired memories were not affected when CPFm was preserved. CPFm presented the same responses pattern as HPC when assessing spatial memory in LAM; however, it seems to be a key structure in tasks involving decision making and reinforced behaviors; since lesion only in this region led to impairments in T maze.
Privilégio branco e a (im)possibilidade de implementação de políticas antirracistas: o caso do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Arruda, Maria Auxiliadora de Almeida; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2595013276457529
Racism and racial discrimination are constitutive of Brazilian education, practices and social relations. A Whiteness refers to the way in which isolated whites are appropriate for the category race and racism in the constitution of their subjectivities and when appropriate that “being whitw” determines the moral, intellectual and aesthetic characteristics of individuals that differentiate others. Thus, the objective of this research was to understand the process of reserving vacancies for the integrated medium level of professional training, implemented in the period 2008-2018 by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso - IFMT, created by Law 11.892 / 2008 and currently consists of 19 campuses distributed in all mesoregions of MT, predominantly in the northern Mato Grosso mesoregion, where there is a higher proportion of white population and intensive agricultural productionº The IFMT offers vocational education at all levels and modalities aimed at the local market, and is also a limited reserve of quality public education in MT, especially in the provision of integrated secondary education to vocational training. The research was conducted at IFMT- Campus Cuiabá, in a qualitative approach in which the methods used for data generation were: document analysis, interviews with servers and students and observationº It is concluded that the IFMT vacancy reservation process allowed unequal opportunities for whites and blacks and there were ostensibly privileges for the white group, since in the period 2009-2012 it used only the socioeconomic and non-racial criteria. And from 2012 onwards it showed a particularity: the racial criterion was included using official and local or native classification categories called “other ethnicities”, which in turn was replaced in 2017 by the term non-self-declaration of color / race and from 2018 shifted to the public school and income criteria. This category reflects the local social imaginary of the existence of an ethnic and or racial democracy and a racially homogeneous and harmonious state marked by the class and non-racial problem. Thus, the 2012-2018 IFMT vacancy reservation policy maintained a very ambivalent relationship close to the meanings of whiteness, namely: racial neutrality, praise for miscegenation, omission of racial inequality and discrimination, silence around racial issues supported by the strategy of subsuming race in the class and category of other ethnic groups and in the eminently redistributive, meritocratic and fallacious discourse of racial equality. This policy operates in the IFMT - Cuiabá campus school context as a difference marker that hierarchizes and divides students and positions black students in less prestigious courses and classes considered to have less cognitive development.
Como políticas públicas de inclusão representativa de mulheres entram na agenda decisória? agendas, alternativas e a Minirreforma Eleitoral de 2009
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-30) Machado, Daniel Baldin; Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5343968646005766; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212296811209672
The objective of this study is to comprehend how policies designed to improve women’s political representation are inserted in the decision agenda, by conducting a case study of a significant proposal in the Brazilian political history: the bill 5498/2009, which came to be recalled as “Minirreforma Eleitoral de 2009” once sanctioned. To this end, concepts related to John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Approach are mobilized, with a special focus on the distinction between agendas and alternatives, which is addressed in distinct moments throughout the dissertation. In a first moment, an analysis of the legislative proposals presented in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies between 1995 and 2014 is conducted, with the intent to determine a sample of possible cases to be studied, as well as to stablish the criteria which guided the selection of the “Minirreforma Eleitoral de 2009” as a representative case of a policy designed to improve women political representation which reached the decision agenda. Secondly, using as method the qualitative content analysis of shorthand transcripts from the Chamber of Deputies’ plenary speeches – delivered between the beginning of the legislative year until the sanction of the proposal –, the study identifies the theoretical elements described by Kingdon in relation to both the conduction of Brazilian political reform policies to the agenda and the selection of policies which propose changes in political, electoral or party legislations. As a result of this analysis, the study presents the hypothesis that policies designed to improve women political representation are not able to individually reach the last phases of the decision agenda, but they might be incorporated to broader political systems reforms, as occurred in the “Minirreforma Eleitoral de 2009” and possibly happened to other reforms which contemplated policies in favor of women in positions of power. This conclusion, in turn, may be inserted in the political theory debate which opposes the concepts of critical mass and critical actors, offering contributions that allow the suggestion that policies designed to improve women political representation reach the decision agenda through the articulated action of critical actors, and not by a predetermined percentage of political participants of a certain social group, as stablished by the critical mass theory.