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Os jogos sociomotrizes de cooperação e a construção de valores acerca da indisciplina discente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17) Pereira, Luiz Antonio; Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3162075613143697
Indiscipline has emerged as a major educational problem and much has been discussed on this topic. Physical Education at school does not come out unscathed from this problem, facing everyday situations that are an obstacle to the smooth running of classes, impairing the learning of content and making it difficult to deepen the themes proposed by the teacher. We see in cooperative socio-motor activities - which offer experiences of participation in which the student has to seek, together with the others and solve situations in a collaborative way - the possibility that aspects related to solidarity, respect and empathy are present in the tasks development. Thus, the objectives of this research were to identify situations of indiscipline in an elementary school class and to analyze whether the experience and learning with cooperative socio-motor activities and activities aimed at building values could help students' perception and reflection about school indiscipline in Physical Education classes. The research was characterized by action research process and the instruments of data collection were: a) Class record books for the observation of situations of indiscipline during Physical Education classes and, b) Conversation circles, performed during in the beginning and in the end of classes. The teacher-researcher oversaw the students' experiences provided by didactic unit in order to understand whether they could link the proposed activities with the context of indiscipline in Physical Education classes. The work was carried out in a public school in the municipal teaching network of Matão / SP, with a class of 25 students from the 5th grade of elementary school. At the end of the research development, we reached the following analysis categories: 1) The indiscipline in Physical Education classes, which allowed us to identify the main problems of class indiscipline; 2) Construction of rules and attitudinal values: the pedagogical pact construction assemblies, during the intervention of the teacher-researcher; a proposal was made to confront indiscipline during the classes, promoting reflections and actions that were important in raising awareness of this issue; 3) Socio-motor cooperation activities displayed the importance of developing these games in Physical Education classes, as they have collaborative participation in their internal logic, which made it possible for the students to recognize the cooperative socio-motor activities and to identify their perceptions when performing them. We conclude that the cooperative socio-motor activities are important to confront indiscipline and - when accompanied by reflections on this problem - they can contribute to resolve / mitigate situations of this nature in Physical Education classes.
Efeito da taxa de aeração, da proporção mássica e da umidade da matriz inicial no processo de biossecagem de lodo anaeróbio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17) Almeida, Marina da Costa Ribeiro de; Reis, Renan Felicio dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1840510720475585; Achon, Cali Laguna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0307406069325793; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3474601761121274
Biodrying is a novel technology that uses dewatered sewage sludge to generate energy. Microbial metabolic heat, which is produced during aerobic degradation of organic matter, and forced aeration turn the sludge into biofuel by removing moisture content. The treatment process is affected by the following characteristics: the number of microorganisms within the matrix, oxygen content, moisture content, and nutrient availability in the substrate, and the performance of the operational procedures. The initial biodrying matrix comprises sewage sludge and bulking agents (sawdust and feed), which operate in structuring, nutrition, and moisture content correction. The goal of this study was to analyze the biodrying treatment processes and operations as well as to evaluate the influence of aeration rate, mass ratio, and moisture content in the initial matrix. Bibliometric analysis and papers study drove the arrangements and analysis processes. Eight biodrying trials were carried out in the laboratory on different durations (16, 20, and 24 days). Trials 1, 2, 7, and 8 contained both sludge and bulking agents, while trials 3, 4, 5, and 6 had only bulking agents. The biodrying matrix was mixed manually in Trials 1 and 2 every four days and in the others trials according to the temperature decrease. Forced aeration was continuous (constant or variable) in all trials. The continuous and constant aeration rate for Trials 1 and 2 was 1 L.min-1.kgTS-1; for Trials 5, 7, and 8 was 2 L.min-1.kgTS-1; and for Trial 6 was 3 L.min-1.kgTS-1. The aeration rate (continuous and variable) for Trials 3 and 4 was 1 and 2 L.min-1.kgTS-1, respectively. Both aeration rates were raised to 3 L.min-1.kgTS-1 on day 20. On day 22, the rates were raised again to 4 L.min-1.kgTS-1. It was found that anaerobic sludge dewatered in a mechanical system has a low Lower Heating Value (LHV) on a wet basis (845 kJ.kg-1), thus requiring treatment processes such as biodrying to enable its energy use. Trials 7 and 8 achieved the most efficient results, reaching the thermophilic phase, reducing the moisture content from 62.33 and 61.48% to 46.73 and 29.36%, and reducing the mass by 48.47 and 60.09%, respectively. Trial 8 achieved the lowest moisture content and the highest LHV on a wet basis (10,083 kJ.kg-1), making it the most feasible condition for energy use. In conclusion, the initial matrix moisture content around 60%, aeration rate greater than or equal to 2.0 L.min-1.kgTS-1, and mass proportion of 6:1:5 (sludge:sawdust:feed) present better results involving temperature range and reduction of mass and moisture content, and therefore sewage sludge energy use.
Estudo da série LaNi1-xFexO3 e folhas de grafite pirolítico em reações de desprendimento de oxigênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17) Gozzo, Cipriano Benedito; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0186437696776091
Due to the critical need to change from fossil to renewable fuels, the perovskite oxide structures emerge as an important class of materials due to its activity in photovoltaic cells, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical cells and electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Among several perovskites, LaNiO3 is promising for water oxidation reactions. However, this material presents some difficulties in stabilizing the Ni3+ site. A possible alternative to stabilize this oxidation state is the addition of other transition metals. The support electrodes on which the materials are deposited and used in RDO are extremely important in improving electrocatalytic activity. Pyrolytic graphite sheets can present themselves as an attractive alternative for a support electrode, having advantages as excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, in this work, a study was carried out on the electrocatalytic properties of the LaNi1-xFexO3 series (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) for RDO, analyzing the effects caused by the addition of Fe3+. These materials were deposited on PGS, as a potential substrate for electrocatalysis. Perovskites were synthesized by the coprecipitation method, followed by heat treatment. Depending on the amount of iron added, a phase transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic, and morphological modifications were identified in these materials. It was observed that the LaNi0.4Fe0.6O3 electrode presented the most efficient condition for RDO. This electrocatalyst showed the lowest charge transfer resistance, low overpotential (439 mV at 10 mA cm-2) and a lower Tafel slope (52 mV dec-1) compared to the LaNiO3 phase (465 mV and 76 mV dec-1). PGS was also used for electrodeposition of NiFe-based catalysts, which presented a high electrocatalytic activity. The electrodeposited sample with 75% Ni and 25% Fe provided an overpotential of 320 mV, while in the same sample deposited on glassy carbon, the overpotential was 350 mV. In conclusion, it was possible to determine that both the LaNi1-xFexO3 series (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) and NiFe layered double hydroxides, both deposited on PGS, are potential materials to be applied in OER.
Métodos para estimativa de imagens NIR a partir de imagens de câmeras RGB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17) Lima, Daniel Caio de; Saito, José Hiroki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2950948945228069
Precision Agriculture involves the use of technology for management and decision making to allow rural producers to get better production results. To gain the desired effect, it is necessary a huge data collection and processing of the cultivated areas, being Remote Sensing, using special sensors attached to drones, a powerful alternative for this task. Vegetation Indices obtained with arithmetic equations, are used to highlight vegetation cover density variations using near infrared (NIR) images and visible spectrum images, being useful to assess biomass and productivity estimation from a crop, for example. The main problem is the elevated costs of drones and principally of sensors that acquire NIR images, making the use of this technology, by small producers, unattractive or difficult. The objective of this work is to propose a method to estimate NIR images using ordinary photographic camera RGB images that could eliminate the use of specific sensors and the need to make alterations in commom cameras, thus making this technology cost lower. To achieve this goal, we propose the use of a Deep Learning architecture (Pix2Pix) and a spectral signature based, KNN classification and a weighted sum by proximity degree of k nearest reference signatures method, producing a new spectral signature. These methods are described and evaluated in this document. Results showed that the two methods investigated can be used to estimate NIR images, showing high similarity to real NIR images.
Decomposição da variância para o modelo de regressão destrutivo Waring de longa duração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17) Vasquez, Jonathan Kevin Jordan; Rodrigues, Josemar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9565445098851076
The goal of this work is to formulate a two-stage regression long-term model, whose destructive mechanism of the competitive risk factors is flexible for measuring the impact on the survival function or cure rate of three variance components induced by: randomness effects, external effects or external frailties (unknown covariates) and destruction or internal frailty (destructive mechanism). The number of the risk factors which were not eliminated is unobservable random variable, called discrete frailty, and the choice of the frailty distribution must be appropriate to detect the sources of variability responsible for the variation between patients. The discrete frailty random variable of the first-stage of the model is based on the Waring distribution, which splits the variance into these three components, and was applied with success in the accident theory, epidemiology and biology. A simulation study and an application to a HIV and melanoma data, via likelihood approach, illustrate the utility of the Waring distribution to detect internal frailty, external frailty and model's uncertainty (randomness effect), which are not observable and responsible for the heterogeneity across patients. The cure rate is personalized and the patient is a protagonist for the treatment, and that could be useful to decide on preventive immunotherapy treatment for patients to fight cancer.