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Educação Física Escolar e a contribuição da metodologia Callejera nos conhecimentos atitudinais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-18) Moraes, Fabio de; Souza Junior, Osmar Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062; Couto, Yara Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348643816717796; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8071211593277197
This work is a result of a culmination of an Action Research applied on a Public School in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, with fifth grade Elementary School children at the School of Physical Education. The classes were planned for the development of the Invasion Sports Content, Therefore, I have prepared a Didactic Unit about this theme. Nineteen interventions were completed which led to the construction of 16 camp diaries. The study acknowledges the contribution of Callejera Methodology at the educative process that can occur in the attitudinal camp. The Callejera Methodology comes from Fútbol Callejero – a popular Education practice originated in Argentina. This methodology is composed of a game developed in three Times. In the 1st time the rules of the game are defined and all the participants can include, change or abolish the rules. In the 2nd time, the actual game takes place. In the 3rd time also called Mediation the winning team is defined by the points count. The score of the game in the 2nd Time is not the final determining factor of the winning team because the teams need to demonstrate the accomplishment of the Pillars: Respect, Togetherness and Solidarity. These are attributed values that will be calculated to reveal the final score. In this game the teams are mixed, so, that each team is composed of boys and girls. This is compulsory and there is no arbitration by a judge. In this way the adherence to the rules, the follow up to the game and the facilitation of the final dialogue leading to the validation of the points is done by a Mediator. The data of the research were collected through class observation and were transcribed in diaries composing the camp note. To the elaboration of the camp notes, were used audios of the intervention recorded on a smartphone. This served to elicit memories about the sequence of events that occurred. The return and analysis of the camp diaries elicited questions about competition and gender that has been repeated in several instances. Those parts were collected composing two categories which were named according to the comments of the students. For example: “But he is great!” showing questions related to competition and “The girls keep doing their nails!” with questions related to gender. Therefore, throughout the application of Callejera Methodology, we witnessed that emerged educative process and were gain new knowledge, especially the Solidarity due to the sharing of the players to the balance of the teams and the break of the female stereotypies about using makeup and sport practices. This were developed the work with the social and emotional skills recommended by the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC).
Papel do professor de Educação Física no desenvolvimento motor de escolares da educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-18) Suzini, Estevan Rocha; Godoi Jacomassi, Daniela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699007812483790; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2195094752615569
Physical Education (PE) is a compulsory curriculum component in the Brazilian basic education that includes kindergarten/preschool, primary school and high school. In the educational networks, the organization and understanding of whom can teach PE classes in the early years (kindergarten education and primary school) is divergent: some choose and rely on a specialist teacher (PE teacher), and some others choose and rely on a regular teacher (in general, graduated in Pedagogy). Considering the importance of PE in the early years and that these classes can be taught by a specialist teacher or by a regular teacher, does the presence or absence of a specialist teacher influence the motor development of students? Thus, this study aimed to investigate the motor development of children from kindergarten education who take PE classes with a PE teacher and students who take PE classes with a regular teacher. Twenty-nine students from kindergarten education took part in this study and they were divided in two groups: students from a school in which PE classes are taught by a PE teacher (GEsp) and students from a school in which PE classes are taught by a regular teacher (GRef). In order to assess children’s motor development, motor skills and postural control were evaluated at the beginning of the school year and at the end of the school year. Motor skills were evaluated using the TGMD-2, which is composed of 12 motor skills: 6 locomotor skills and 6 object control skills. Postural control was evaluated during upright stance maintenance on a force platform under different vision (opened or closed eyes), and base of support (bipodal and semi tandem stance) conditions, through two variables: variability and velocity of the center of pressure (CP). Results revealed differences in children’s motor development in each group. Regarding motor skills, only GEsp increased TGMD-2 total score from pre- to post-test. When considering the performance obtained separately in each sub-test, results revealed that, from pre- to post-test, both groups improved locomotor skills score, but only GEsp improved object control skills score. Regarding postural control, it was observed that under the condition of closed eyes and semitandem stance, for GRef, variability of CP values in AP direction decreased from pre to post-test; while for GEsp variability of CP values in AP and ML directions increased from pre- to post-test. Based upon these results, it is possible to conclude that there are differences in motor development of children from kindergarten education who take PE classes with a PE teacher and students who take PE classes with a regular teacher. This suggests that a new understanding of whom should teach PE classes must be established, indicating the requirement for licensed teachers in PE to teach PE classes.
Processos educativos emergentes de uma unidade didática com o Fútbol Callejero nas aulas de Educação Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-18) Grifoni, Tiago; Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039636076571912
Considering the emergence of Fútbol Callejero as a pratice of popular education, mainly in Latin American countries, the current study based on assumptions of an action research aims to analyze the educational processes related to attitudinal knowledge resulting from the application of a didactic unit with Fútbol Callejero in Physical Education classes in a 9th grade class from elementary school. The Callejera Methodology proposes the game in three playing times with teams, necessarily mixed, and there is a mediator to replace the referee. In the first half, the participants combine the rules of the game in accordance with the agreements established which are noted by the mediator. In the second, they dispute the match marked by these agreements under the watchful eye of the mediator. The third, also called mediation, the mediator conducts dialogue and reflections on the situations of the game and punctuates not only the goals, but the fulfillment of the three pillars (respect, solidarity and cooperation) suggested by the Methodology. From a methodological point of view, we carried out an action research and the instrument used for data collection was the class diary. The didactic unit was composed of 16 classes, distributed in eight double lessons held on Fridays during the months of March, April and May in which the following themes were developed: gender relations in sports, Fútbol Callejero, and its three pillars: youth protagonism, mediation in Fútbol Callejero ,and organization of a festival among the students using the Callejera Methodology. The methodological way defined to guide the research was the Systematization of Experiences. We recorded the conversation groups on films and eight class diaries were written, transcribing the experience accurately. Our data analysis inspired by the coding categories lead to three categories: A- “Girls can play at an equal level through Fútbol Callejero”; B- "They choose only the good players, only the best"; C- “ Nowadays, with the practice of Fútbol Callejero, they are more united without divisions and everyone has become friends”. Based on our analysis, we identified the practice of Fútbol Callejero as spaces of humanized relationships guided by dialogue promoting the practice of solidarity, empathy, cooperation, and respect, which makes a pedagogically successful strategy with attitudinal knowledge through sport in Physical Education classes.
Ensaios de uma metodologia da experiência crítico-afetiva nas aulas de educação física: impactos sobre as relações de gênero e o empoderamento das meninas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-18) Pereira, Ana Cristina Gabriel; Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7252973634455105
The proposal of the present study originated from the possibilities of developing sensibility and consideration, amongst the students of a municipal public school, about gender inequalities, as well as the empowerment of girls in sports practices. Starting with this premise, we formulated an educational proposal guided by an intervention model that we denominated Critical-Affective Experience Methodology (“CAEM”). The goal of the study was to analyze the co-educational processes emerging from an intervention applying the CAEM in Physical Education classes provided to 6th grade (elementary school) students. This active research was guided by the implementation of an educational unit composed by seventeen classes based on the co-education and knowledge of the internal and external logics of Invasion Sport Games (“ISG”). The instruments for data production included Class Journals, Individual Narratives and small conversation groups, and the observation and analysis of the video recording of the ISG, which were obtained through footage and audio recording. Based on the data collected, their results and analysis are presented concurrently and in a fluid manner through two general categories. In the first category, “Gender relations in the co-educational context of the Invasion Sport Games”, issues surrounding the male domination in ISG and in the society and the production of gender differences and inequalities were highlighted. In the second category, “Impacts of the Critical-Affective Experience Methodology”, the subcategories that emerged denote processes for the girls’ empowerment through oral expression, processes for tactical and technical empowerment, and co-educational processes for overcoming sexism. We believe that the Critical-Affective Experience Methodology enabled the emergence of co-educational processes, such as the awareness about the power hierarchy in the gender relations, a confrontational posture from the girls before the social injustices, more balanced and democratic access to ISG amongst boys and girls, effective participation of the female students in the ISG, and the improvement in the interaction amongst boys and girls in (and beyond) the Physical Education classes.