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Impacto do crédito rural e seguro rural na produção agrícola no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Leite, Francisca Nathalia de Sousa
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Castro, Eduardo Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5702172673123334
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346502647724043
Rural credit and rural insurance have an important role for the agricultural sector, once they are the main public policies to incentive agricultural production. Rural credit reduces the farmers's budget constraint, finances production costs and the use of new technologies. Rural insurance protects farmer’s income from production losses. Public resources subsidize the rural credit through the application of lower interest rates to the agricultural sector and rural insurance through the Rural Insurance Premium Subvention Program - PSR, “Proagro” and “Proagro Mais”. Given the importance the agricultural sector has on the Brazilian economy and the participation of public resources to sustain these policies, this research aimed to evaluate their efficiency for sugarcane, grains (soybeans, corn and wheat) and grape crops in São Paulo state. It is analyzed the data from “Agricultural Production Systematic Survey” (LUPA) in its more disaggregated level, the Agricultural Production Unity (UPA), for the years 2007/2008 and 2017/2018. It is analyzed the impact of rural credit and rural insurance policies in production, productivity and cultivated area. The analysis uses the methodology Propensity Score Matching (PSM) which allows to compare the groups that have used these programs and those groups that have not. We conclude that the rural credit and rural insurance policies impact the analyzed variables for grain and grape crops. However, for sugarcane crop the rural credit crop did not impact the production, productivity or cultivated area and the rural insurance impacted these variables only in the year of 2017/18.
Métodos digitais de obtenção de limiares topográficos de processos erosivos a partir de produto de radar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Padilha, Ana Flávia de Roland
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Lollo, José Augusto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8442436591023490
Among the aspects of the studies of erosive processes, there is the proposition of topographic thresholds, given by an inverse relationship between contribution area (A) and slope (S), which conditions the surface runoff to cause gully initiation. The aim of this work was the study in the onset of gully erosion, using Alos/Palsar data. The study area was the watershed of the Ribeirão do Pântano, located in municipalities of Descalvado, Analândia e São Carlos (São Paulo state). The gully heads were identified in aerial images from the year 1988, as they are the oldest records found. Results indicate that the model from the radar is not free from noise and errors that may affect the proper extraction of information, requiring an initial treatment. For that, different treatment strategies were tested using the Focal Statistics tool, from ArcGIS 10.5 software to obtain morphometric parameters related to erosion processes in a more consistent way. The treatments were also applied to the Topographic Map data in some areas in the watershed, in order to analyze whether the radar data could be used as an alternative to the map. A correlation analysis between parameters A and S, obtained from both databases, it was possible to suggest the most proper treatment for the watershed, in addition to evidencing the ability of the Alos / Palsar to replace the Topographic Map, facilitating topographic threshold studies, which are scarce in our country. Using the treatment, the SxA index was applied to two sub-watersheds on the BHRP, with the higher concentrations of erosion processes on the same geological formation. The index obtained from the analysis in sub-watershed 1 was S = 0.0371A-0.4, and in sub-watershed 2 was S = 0.0297A-0.376, which were shown to be in accordance with the topographic threshold of other works carried out in Brazil, in places with similar characteristics of geology and land use, whose authors used Topographic Map data. In summary, the radar product proved to be efficient in the study of topographic threshold, which is fundamental in understanding the dynamics of the formation of erosive processes as an aid in territorial planning actions.
Avaliação qualiquantitativa da sustentabilidade urbana em HIS pelo Selo Casa Azul e Sbtool Urban
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Gonçalves, Djanny Klismara de Oliveira
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Masiero, Érico
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3933684032710122
The unsustainable profile Brazilian social housing (SH) has expressed major impacts on the population's quality of life, on the natural environment and on the systems that make up cities. In this sense, the assessment of the sustainability potential of these housing developments is necessary as a way of identifying the main weaknesses of the assessment systems, contributing to the process of improving the assessment tools, especially in relation to the productive processes and insertion in the urban mesh. Based on the post-occupation analysis of a SH project implemented in the city of Araraquara, São Paulo state, the objective was to develop an evaluation on urban sustainability in order to improve the Casa Azul Seal, with the aim of based on a multi-method approach based on the SBTool Urban certification tool. It was proposed to apply the calculations established in SBTool Urban according to the requirements of the Casa Azul Seal, together with the insertion of a national benchmark to establish the analysis. In this way, four categories of the Casa Azul Seal were analyzed according to the survey of the case study information carried out by document analysis, technical visits and analysis of the guidelines required by the public administration. As a result, it was possible to attest to the unsustainability profile of the enterprise with the low values verified by the calculations, as well as to understand the advantages and limitations of the referential analysis. As an advantage, the adoption of the benchmark allowed a foundation for the improvement framework, as well as the possibility of frequent renewal of the assessment as new requirements are established that configure greater sustainability to the enterprise. On the other hand, it was identified the need for scientific investigation of social housing projects that present a potential for greater sustainability so that referenced assessments can be carried out with technical basis.
Utilização de escória de aciaria na fabricação de blocos de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Benittez, Leandro Henrique
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Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763
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Marques Neto, José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2392932422695163
In this work, the technical feasibility of concrete blocks without structural function is studied, when using BSSF steel slag in its manufacture. In 2019, Brazilian steel production was 32.46 million tons and the world steel 1.87 billion tons and steel slag of 4.54 and 262 million tons, respectively. The incorporation of this waste from the steel industry, in concrete blocks, contributes in a sustainable way to the final destination of an environmental liability. Partial substitutions of 20, 40, 60, 80% of the natural aggregates were made by artificial in the production of the blocks. Initially, tests were carried out to characterize the aggregates and binder. The concrete blocks were manufactured in a cement artifact industry to obtain results at scale, with industrial reality. Then, the blocks were tested for dimensional analysis, water absorption, liquid area and resistance to compression at 28 days of age. The results showed that it is technically feasible to incorporate BSSF steel slag into concrete blocks, since all the blocks produced met the normative requirements. It is noteworthy that the blocks with the replacement of 60% of aggregates were the ones that presented the best results.
Extração de características e aprendizado não-supervisionados em imagens hiperespectrais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Nakao, Eduardo Kazuo
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Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8552980487205959
Hyperspectral imagery have hundreds of bands and greater subtle differences discrimination capacity in compariosion with multispectral imagery, which benefits precision applications. However, inherent high spectral resolution and high band correlation in these imagery suggests curse of dimensionality occurrence possibility in pattern recognition processes. So, study of the effects of dimensionality reduction is relevant for this kind of image. Additionaly, is relevant to compare the behavior between linear and non linear reduction methods. In this scenario, the purpose of the present work is to analyze how unsupervised feature extraction and its different approaches affect an unsupervised learning task in hyperspectral imagery. In order to conduct such analysis, the algorithms Principal Component Analysis, Isometric Feature Mapping and Locally Linear Embedding were executed in a set of seven images. Clusterings by K-Means and Expectation Maximization algorithms were built under each execution. Performances were measured by Rand, Jaccard, Kappa, Entropy and Purity indexes and compared by Friedman and Nemenyi statistical tests. Hypothesis tests results have shown that, for 70% of the images, feature extraction deployment raised clustering performance significantly and, in 60% of those cases, nonlinear extraction yielded better results than linear
Evolução da segurança viária em países participantes da “Década de Ações para a Segurança Viária 2011-2020”: uma análise preliminar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Lima, Marcus Vinícius Gomes de
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Guerreiro, Thais de Cassia Martinelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2650555786682535
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2547667034723048
In 2011, the United Nations launched the “Decade of Actions for Road Safety 2011-2020” (DASV) with the objective of reducing deaths and injuries caused by traffic accidents in the world by 50%, over ten years. In this sense, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the countries that presented their proposals to reduce road accidents in order to achieve this goal over the decade. This research has as main objective to raise the actions proposed by the countries that accepted to participate in DASV, plus Brazil, besides comparing the evolution of the road safety indicators among these different nations. Thus, the object of study consists of analyzing the evolution of road accident in this selected group of countries and, for that, the plans proposed by sixteen nations, available in the repository of the World Health Organization (WHO), plus the plan of Brazil, available on a national basis, were identified; based on these plans, all the respective proposals for actions for DASV were obtained. Then, road safety indicators were collected systematically from the official statistical bodies of each country and analyzes of the evolution of road accidents were produced using electronic spreadsheets. The results indicate that four nations (Greece, Austria, Czech Republic and New Zealand) managed to meet the goal of reducing deaths; and six (Egypt, Vietnam, Greece, Czech Republic, Mexico and New Zealand) the goal of injury reduction until the last year of available data in which it is possible to compare all nations (2016 for the number of deaths and 2014 for the number of injuries). Thus, the highlight was Greece, which led the ranking of reduction of deaths from traffic accidents with the value of -48.33%/2016, followed by Austria (-40.30%/2016), Czech Republic (-38.12%/2016) and New Zealand (-36.19%/2016). In the injury indicator, the best result was achieved by Egypt, which had a reduction of -53.80%/2014, followed by Vietnam (-48.11%/2014), Greece (-28.88%/2014), Czech Republic (-28.53%/2014), Mexico (-22.36%/2014) and New Zealand (-20.16%/2014). The negative highlights were the Philippines, which increased the number of deaths (+16.55%/2016), and Brazil, which had the largest increase in the number of injuries (+20.33%/2014).
Desempenho luminoso e energético de ambientes de escritório: estudo de caso em Paranavaí - PR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Miranda, Débora Thomé
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Barreto, Douglas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369326190168139
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
The constant search for the performances of luminous and energetic efficiencies in buildings is due mainly to the need for energy savings, since its consumption has increased significantly in the last decades. Providing good lighting in the environments requires that minimum levels of lighting be guaranteed so that it does not negatively affect the occupant's health and contributes positively to their productivity. The present study aimed to evaluate the office lighting system of an existing building from the 1990s in order to verify the luminous and energetic performances and explore new systems with the potential to improve performances. The analyzes were carried out by means of computer simulations using the DIALux evo program, which allows the evaluation of artificial and natural illuminations simultaneously. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the existing lighting system does not meet the average recommended illuminance value. Therefore, based on simulations with new arrangements and types of luminaires/lamps, two more effective systems were presented: one considering the replacement of T12 fluorescent lamps with LED luminaires, which provided an energy saving of 15.5%, and another that used artificial lighting to complement the available daylight during working hours with the aid of a dimming system linked to daylight. This last system showed an energy saving of up to 65% when compared to the existing lighting system. Regarding light quality, the limit lighting power density showed an improvement of more than 60% in the new systems. Therefore, by modifying the arrangement of the luminaires and replacing them with LEDs, the artificial lighting system reached the average illuminance value recommended by the standard and also generated a significant reduction in the consumption of lighting electricity. Electricity savings were also observed when assessing the potential for using natural light associated with the use of dimmers.
Bioadsorção dos inibidores gerados no pré-tratamento da biomassa lignocelulósica em biorrefinarias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-29)
Ribeiro, Marina Barbosa Maluf
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4141996792834715
In the pretreatment stage of lignocellulosic biomass in biorefineries can release compounds that act as inhibitors of the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation steps. Among the inhibitors, the phenolic compounds originated from lignin degradation can inhibit or deactivate the enzymes during the hydrolysis reaction, significantly impacting the overall yield of the conversion of biomass into soluble sugars. Therefore, new strategies that contribute to mitigate the negative effect of these inhibitors are necessary to enable the viability of future biorefineries. In this context, a potential strategy is the use of microbial biomass as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of the phenolic compounds generated in the pretreatment stage. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the use of Aspergillus niger microbial biomass for adsorption of the phenolic compounds present in the liquor of the hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. The fungal cultivation was made to obtain the microbial biomass and three types of treatments (autoclave, acidic and basic solutions) were used to prepare the biosorbents. Tests with synthetic samples of vanillin (monomer) and tannic acid (oligomer) showed that the biosorbents have a greater affinity for adsorbing larger molecules, such as tannic acid, as it is a low porous material. The effect of the adsorbent load, pH and temperature on the adsorption capacity was also evaluated. A 98% removal of tannic acid was obtained by the biomass treated with sodium hydroxide, whereas for vanillin the affinity was lower, with a removal of just over 30%. For the total phenolics present in the pre-treatment liquor, a removal of around 40% was obtained. The enzymatic hydrolysis assays of the hydrothermal bagasse in the presence of the liquor after the removal of the inhibitors by the biosorbents showed a 50% increase in the glucose release. The results obtained indicate that the fungal biomass has an interesting potential for the removal of the inhibitors present in the liquor of the pretreatment of the sugarcane bagasse in order to improve the conversion of the sugars in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage in biorefineries.
Som e música da ficção científica em quatro obras do cinema brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Scarpelli, Alexandre Camargo
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Miranda, Suzana Reck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8566012598222563
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391830223106485
This research aims to analyze the role played by sound and music in the filmic discourse of four Brazilian works evaluating their connections to the science fiction universe and paying special attention to the Brazilian iconography of the genre. The selected films are White out, black in (2015) by Adirley Queiroz and the short film Dog days (2016) by Ronaldo Dimer and Vitor Amaro, both evaluated under the theme of political dystopia, as well as the short films Last song for a rude heart, (2017) by Marco Antônio Pereira and Cold Recife, by Kléber Mendonça Filho, understood as satires and evaluated for their representations of alien figures. Genre theory, science fiction studies, film music and film sound theories, as well as Brazilian science fiction studies allow us to first observe and investigate sonic and musical codes created and developed by canonical works of international science fiction cinema, subsequently enabling a shift in perspective that considers the Brazilian context of science fiction films in order to discuss the music and sound design of the selected works.
Trabalho, subjetividade e processo de adoecimento: os trabalhadores de software em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Machado, Sara Luiza
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Pires, Aline Suelen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2540416286016708
The city of São Carlos-SP is a favorable environment for the installation of information technology companies, due to the presence of universities and institutes focused on technological training and the existence of coworking spaces. Regarding the IT worker, specifically that of software production, this represents a synthesis of the “new” flexible worker profile, considering the forms of organization of his work and the requirements for the exercise of the activity, which has a high demand in terms of cognitive and subjective. Thus, the objective of this work was to understand how the work process and content in the information technology segment impact the subjectivity of the workers surveyed, as well as to understand what their perception is about their own subjectivity / health. Qualitative methodology was used, especially interviews based on a semi-structured script. It is noted that there is a weakening of the limits between work and personal life, with the naturalization of carrying out work activities in moments of rest. In relation to job control, customer interference is seen as stressful, since charges are excessive and orders are not well established. Due to the pace of work, young people are considered the ideal type of worker, while aging is associated with the feeling of professional exhaustion. From the perspective that work contributes to a “greater good”, recognition is an important factor in terms of staying in the job and keeping the worker in a healthy condition. In the work environment, there are spaces that seek to add productivity with fun, seeking to propagate the “love your work” discourse. In addition, some companies, despite maintaining speeches that show concern for the mental health of workers, in practice present strict parameters of goals and results, which has important impacts on the subjectivity of professionals.
Modelos bayesianos zero-modificados para séries temporais de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Assis, Caroline Mendes de
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5790261236742510
This work presents two Bayesian zero-modified (ZM) models for count time series: zero-modified Poisson ARMA and zero-modified COM-Poisson ARMA. The latter allows a greater flexibility since it has an aditional parameter which accomodates greater subdispersion or overdispersion in comparison with the ZM Poisson ARMA model. The models are applied to simulated data and two real data sets. Both ZM Poisson ARMA and ZM COM-Poisson ARMA performed very well in zero-modified data. The goodness of fit was studied using posterior predictive checks. Model comparison was done using the deviance information criterion (DIC). Finally, a forecast study of six-steps-ahead was performed. In general, the ZM COM-Poisson model, although having an aditional parameter in comparison with the ZM Poisson ARMA model, showed DIC values similar to the DIC values of the ZM Poisson ARMA model. Since the ZM COM-Poisson ARMA model has the ZM Poisson ARMA model as a particular case, having the advantage of being more flexible, the ZM COM-Poisson ARMA model is proposed as an alternative to zero-modified count data.
Impactos do manejo do solo em área de pastagem extensiva convertida em cultivo de cana-de-açúcar e em pastagem intensiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Bento, Camila Bolfarini
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Carmo, Janaina Braga do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3230386423166043
Future decreases in greenhouse gas emissions due the use of ethanol have been associated with the way in which changes in land use will occur for new sugarcane crops. One of the main consequences of the increases in the sugarcane planted areas is the expansion toward pasture land. Depending on the management system adopted during the conversion from pasture to sugarcane, the soil structure and greenhouse gas emissions may be negatively altered. In this sense, this project evaluated changes in the levels of potentially toxic metals, the impacts of conversion on the quantity and quality of carbon and on emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O over six years (2013 to 2019). The experiment was installed on a farm in the municipality of Salto de Pirapora in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. We chose two scenarios in which extensive pasture was the initial condition. In the first, intensification of extensive pasture was carried out. In the second, extensive pasture was converted to sugarcane. Two management activities conventionally carried out in agricultural cultivation areas were adopted, soil preparation and inorganic fertilization. The soil preparation consisted of plowing, harrowing, leveling and opening the sugarcane planting furrows. In the first year, sugarcane was fertilized with 60, 140 and 120 kg ha-1 of NPK. In the sugarcane ratoon years, the fertilizer application rates were 120, 30 and 120 kg ha-1 of NPK. The treatments with intensive pasture had the same rates of fertilizers applied (60, 40 and 40 kg ha-1 of NPK) from 2013 to 2019. Although several of the elements analyzed have increased in comparison to the initial concentration, only the levels of Cd showed increases due to inorganic fertilization. Such increase was in order of 9.54 mg ha-1 year-1. Considering the conversion year (2013) and the last year of evaluations (2019), carbon stocks increased in pasture and sugarcane. The application of fertilizers resulted in a carbon accumulation 30.52% higher in PI than in CA. From 2014 to 2019, the carbon quantified as labile increased by 1% in PE and CA and decrease by 4% in PI. The accumulated CO2 and N2O emissions were higher in fertilized treatments. Pasture treatments were a CH4 source and sugarcane treatments as a CH4 sink to the atmosphere. The CO2-equivalent was 653.7 kg CO2-eq ha-1 higher in PI than in CA. The emission factors were within the range observed by other authors, but below the determined by the IPCC.
Previsão de viscosidade e temperatura liquidus de vidros óxidos via redes neurais artificiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Bessa, Graziela Pentean
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Cassar, Daniel Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1717397276752482
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
The number of glass compositions that have already been studied (~10^5) is many times smaller than the potential glass compositions (~10^52). The traditional method “cook and look” all of the potential compositions to identify each one has an interesting property is very time-consuming and also expensive. Another possibility is to use machine learning algorithms. This type of algorithm is capable of identifying patterns in large datasets, so they can be used to accelerate the study of glass compositions. There are several types of machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks (also known as ANN) is one of them and have been used successfully for different types of problems and also used in this thesis. The algorithms used was written to optimize hyper-parameters to find the best topology for each neural network. Viscosity and liquidus temperature were chosen to be studied because they are important parameters for oxide glass production. The ANN was capable to predict liquidus temperature with R² = 0,997 and viscosity temperature T2 and T4 with R² = 0,999 and T3 with R² = 0,998. The mean relative errors for the viscosity ANN are equal to 2,5 at maximum, while for liquidus temperature mean relative error is equal to 3,7%. These errors are considered small and at the same order of magnitude of the scattering of dataset. It is possible to see some problems on the predictions like eutetic regions in phase diagrams for liquidus temperature. Even though the errors, the neural networks were capable of predicting both properties. For future works it is possible to select other properties of atoms to form the dataset besides the composition and the property of interest.
Curso de inglês para fins de negócios (IFN) online baseado em tarefas orais no AVA Edmodo: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Onodera, Jorge
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Silva, Vera Lucia Teixeira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4421134009136228
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1792228739852900
This research is inserted in the Linguistic Studies area, specifically in the area of teaching-learning of foreign languages. The general objectives were: to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of a Business English (BE) course based on oral tasks, in distance learning, using active methodology and Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT); and to conduct a survey to identify the perceptions of LEA students course about their learning and about the BE course in distance learning using TDIC. To conduct this study I created an Business English Online (BEO) course based on oral tasks on the virtual learning environment Edmodo. The course is theoretically based on Duddley-Evans and St John (1998); Basturkmen (2010); Paltridge and Starfield (2013) regarding to ESP; Duddley-Evans and St John (1998), Ellis and Johnson (1994) regarding to Business English; in Moran (2015, 2016), Valente, Almeida and Geraldini (2017), Moran and Bacich (2018), with regard to the Active Methodology; Ribeiro (2008), Barrett e Moore (2011), Ansarian e Lin (2018) e Moran (2018) regarding Problem Based Learnig; in Almeida (2003), Anderson (2008), Moller and Huett (2012) for Distance Learning and on Ellis (2003), regarding Tasks. From a methodological point of view, it is a qualitative interpretative case study based on Stake (1995), Merrian (1998) and Yin (2005), developed in Edmodo and taught on online distance modality. The target audience was undergraduate students among the 1st and 4th semesters from a course entitled Foreign Languages Applied to International Negotiations (LEA) from two public universities in Brazil, one located in Ilhéus city, south of Bahia state, and the other one, from a federal center of technological studies located in Rio de Janeiro city. I carried out the data collection through questionnaires, interviews, audio and video recorded tasks and reflective reports on the course and tasks. Data were categorized based on the result of each task and the information provided by the students about their perceptions regarding the course and their learning. The survey results indicated that the Busines English Online course based on oral tasks developed for the research was efficient. The final product of tasks performance demonstrated that students were able to perform them efficiently, reaching a satisfactory result. The course was taught entirely in English, in the distance modality, using DICT to perform tasks with students from BA and RJ. The requirement to use DICT in the course provided students the opportunity to learn how to deal with the technologies available in work environments. The data showed that students' perceptions regarding their learning were positive. Students assumed their role in relation to their own learning. According to students' view, the course material contributed to good task performance in a proactive and successful way. The result on students' perception on the course demonstrated they had a favorable perception, praising the material provided, the dynamics of the course and the use of DICT to perform the tasks.
Planejamento em educação física escolar: perspectivas x realidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Dezotti, Tálita Cristiane Dardes
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Couto, Yara Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348643816717796
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9897763703909704
The act of planning for the teacher is necessary to organize what and how certain content will be developed. In the municipality of this study, there is no curriculum for the Physical Education curriculum component or proposals for the work of this active teacher. The National Common Curricular Base is the document that currently guides and suggests what can be studied in each school phase, offering a structure for each network to develop its own curriculum, however it is a recent document and is in the implementation phase. , therefore, at this moment, the debate on several themes becomes very pertinent, among them, teaching planning. The study aimed to investigate how Physical Education teachers from a public municipal network in the interior of the state of São Paulo, carry out their planning, dialoguing with their perspectives and needs in teaching practice. Professional training, from initial to continuing, the political pedagogical project and the documents that govern Brazilian education, are elements contemplated in this study and which are interrelated with planning in the exercise of teaching. The methodological trajectory of this qualitative research, of the participant research type, used the semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument, chosen for allowing explorations about the answers, in addition to having the descriptive memorial of the researcher teacher, who is also an active teacher in the studied network. The record of the data collections was through the transcriptions of the recordings of the interviews and later interpreted through the content analysis and triangulated with the researched bibliographic review. The expectation of the work, in addition to identifying the objectives, intrinsically wanted to favor reflection and a possible exchange of experiences, enabling a look at the planning itself in the face of a reality that, despite guaranteeing the component mentioned in the school, does not guarantee its systematization. Regarding the results, the surveyed professors said they carried out and carried out their plans despite pointing out, for the most part, that the lack of adequate space and materials was a major obstacle, and the lack of continuing education was also cited as a disincentive. Despite this, they have slightly different conceptions and directions in relation to the objectives of their planning, realizing that the network does not offer pedagogical support, characterizing the lack of organization for this curricular component.
Avanços recentes em caracterização e classificação de imagens de texturas: explorando teoria da informação, aprendizado profundo e de variedades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Nsimba, Cedrick Bamba
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Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4253034079658327
The task of extracting features from images is a very important activity for many computer vision and image processing applications. Especially the characterization and identification of textures is a fundamental issue in this area which allows the promotion of the development of a wide range of interesting applications including medical image analysis, content image retrieval, object recognition, among others. Due to this importance, many kinds of research have been carried out in this area and, consequently, resulted in the development of a set of texture descriptors. However, in general, algorithms considered as the state of the art still present performance problems when applied in the presence of noise, since it does not maintain intrinsic properties of the image being analyzed. Assuming that random fields and wavelets are appropriate mathematical tools to assist in this process, opportunities open for the development of very interesting applications, with the potential to promote a high level of texture classification accuracy. While random fields model better the statistical properties of texture images, wavelets provide a robust tool for decomposition and multiresolution analysis. In addition, information theory-based measurements, such as Fisher information and Shannon entropy of Gaussian Markov random field models obtained from the sub-bands of a wavelet decomposition tree are able to measure texture patterns. If the dimensionality of the calculated texture descriptors is high, nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods based on manifold learning techniques can be used. Our perception is that manifold learning techniques are capable of selecting discriminative characteristics from a high dimensionality space. The aim of this research work was to propose new approaches based on the use of information theory, deep and manifold learning to characterize and classify texture images. To this end, three new approaches have been proposed: (1) descriptor design based on Fisher information matrices of Gaussian Markov random field models obtained from the sub-bands of a wavelet decomposition tree; (2) descriptor design based on the application of manifold learning methods acting as a selector of relevant texture information; and (3) descriptor design based on the combination of deep and manifold learning. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods are competitive with related state of the art descriptors.
Utilização da eletroforese capilar como técnica analítica para a determinação de aminoglicosídeos em sistemas de liberação controlada e formulações farmacêuticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Donegatti, Tiago Augusto
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Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212
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Pereira, Elisabete Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3733006795539833
Leishmaniasis are diseases that have been causing challenges for public health in developing countries and, for this reason, several studies have been trying to develop a more effective formulation to fight them. According to the literature, the use of a formulation containing paromomycin (PM) produces more efficient effects when associated with gentamicin (GM) for the treatment of certain species of leishmaniasis. To evaluate matrices containing PM and GM, it is necessary to use an analysis method capable of separating and quantifying these analytes, which is a challenge due to the complex nature of the mixture of these antibiotics as well as the absence of chromophoric groups in their structures. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of different derivatizing agents (dansil chloride (DNS), 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl), methoxybenzenesulfonyl 4-chloride (MBSC), 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid (NQS), phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) and orthophthaldehyde (OPA) for separation of GM and PM by capillary electrophoresis coupled with diode array detector, beyond the development of a method for indirect detection using imidazole in the running electrolyte. NQS, FMOC-Cl and DNS were unsatisfactory for separating the drugs under the conditions tested. The best results obtained for separation and quantification of GM and PM were achieved using OPA and under the following conditions: running electrolyte containing 40 mmol L-1 of TBS, 3 mmol L-1 of beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 15.5% of methanol (MeOH), pH 9.0, temperature of 23 ° C, applied voltage of 16 kV, injection of 50 mbar x 5 s, capillary of 75 µm d.i x 40 cm of total length (31.5 cm in effective length) and detection at 230 nm. The validation tests were satisfactory and the values obtained of precision and recovery were in the range of 0.1 - 15.5% and 76.2 - 108.7%, respectively. A simple and fast method was also developed using indirect detection, in which the optimized conditions were: running electrolyte containing 30 mmol L-1 of imidazole, pH = 2.5. The total capillary length was 58.5 cm (50 cm effective length), with an injection of 30 mbar x 7 s. The applied voltage was 11 kV in a temperature of 29 ˚C and detection at: reference 400nm / signal: 214 nm. In addition, these methods were applied to pharmaceutical samples and samples of controlled release systems containing PM and GM. These applications were compared with a spectrophotometric method already described in the literature for analysis of aminoglycosides.
Recuperação espontânea, curso temporal e influência circadiana na habituação das respostas cardiovasculares ao estresse de restrição repetido em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Santos, Carlos Eduardo dos
;
Benini, Ricardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3972492902132382
;
Crestani, Carlos Cesar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568
Stress is related to the development of several cardiovascular diseases. These diseases are related to morphofunctional changes that can be triggered by chronic exposure to aversive events. However, an important adaptive mechanism that seems to reduce morphofunctional changes and diseases is the progressive reduction in physiological responses upon repeated exposure to the same stressor stimulus, a phenomenon called habituation. Despite the relevance of the habituation process, the mechanisms related to this phenomenon are still poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate in male rats how many days of restraint stress are necessary for habituation to occur; 2) identify how many days of interruption of the repeated restraint stress protocol are necessary for the recovery of the habituated response (i.e., spontaneous recovery); and 3) to verify if the period of the day influences the magnitude of the habituation process in rats. We also evaluated the habituation of the corticosterone response to repeated restraint stress. We observed that the increase in serum corticosterone decreased during the stress of recovery period of the 10th session of restraint, when compared to the response of animals acutely stressed. The habituation of cardiovascular responses was identified as a faster return of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) to baseline values during the recovery period of the 10th restraint session. Habituation of HR and BP was still observed after 10 days of discontinuation of the repeated exposure to restraing stress. However, spontaneous recovery of both habituated responses was observed 20 days after the last session of repeated restraint exposure. Time course analysis revealed decreased HR values during the recovery period at the 3rd restraint session, with no further reduction at the 5th, 7th and 10th sessions. The decrease in BP response was identified at the 3rd and 5th sessions, while reduced response of the tail skin temperature was observed only at the 5th and 7th sessions. Regarding the time of day, habituation to the tachycardic response was identified when repeated restraint stress was performed on the morning and evening, but not in the afternoon. Together, these findings provide evidence of spontaneous recovery of the habituation of cardiovascular responses to repeated restraint stress. The results also indicate that cardiovascular habituation depends on the number of trials and the time of day.
Estudo de viabilidade da aplicação do concreto pré-moldado em reservatórios do sistema de abastecimento de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Reis, Fabrício André Nogueira dos
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Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4769299988244160
This work aimed to study the economic and financial viability of the application of precast concrete for the construction of circular surface reservoir in urban infrastructure works, considering the current conditions and the premises adopted in the analyzes. In addition, an economic-financial feasibility analysis methodology was presented to assist the decision-making of project managers in choosing the construction system during the preliminary study stage of the project. Using the Equivalent Annual Cost method and sensitivity analysis of indicators with the variation of the input data, the economic indicators were compared between the construction of the prestressed precast concrete reservoir and the construction in cast in place concrete with post prestressing in greased strings and, it was concluded that, under the current market conditions, in many situations the economic and financial results were satisfactory for the precast concrete when it was considered the benefit of anticipating the start of operation of the system water supply, resulting in increases in operating profits in the project's cash flow in relation to the cast in place concrete reservoir. However, there must be a strict planning and control of deadlines and interferences for compatibility of all works that will provide functionality to the water supply system, because when it was not considered to take advantage of the potential of the system's inauguration with the use of precast concrete, there was no situation of economic and financial viability of the use of this construction system in comparison to the use of cast in place concrete, in the current conditions of the Brazilian market. In this research, the impact of the project's useful life, maintenance costs, transport costs, operating profit per residence of the concessionaire company and the anticipation of the start-up time of the water supply system with the use of precast concrete were also evaluated on the economic and financial indicators of the feasibility analysis.
Adaptação cultural e validação dos instrumentos “Questionnaire for the assessment of pelvic floor disorders and theis risk factors during pregnancy and post partum” e “Childbirth experience questionnaire” para o português/Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-30)
Vieira, Renata Cristina Martins da Silva
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Driusso, Patricia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4878762298581142
The Questionnaire for the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders and their risk factors during pregnancy and postpartum was designed to evaluate pelvic floor dysfunctions, such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and sexual dysfunctions during pregnancy and postpartum, while the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is an instrument developed to assess women's perceptions of labor and delivery. Study I aimed to: perform cultural adaptation and validation of the CEQ questionnaire for Portuguese/Brazil (CEQ-B). The translation of the CEQ version was performed, analyzed by the Committee of Experts, back-translation and pre-testing. Two applications of CEQ-B together with the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire, and the Likert Scale applied to assess the level of difficulty in answering the instrument. Participants were 308 women with a mean age of 31.1 ± 8.7 years, the results of internal consistency of the total CEQ-B score were 0.89, the test-retest showed substantial results, with ICC of 0.90 and the validity of the construct was made through spearman's correlation between all domains of the SF-36 and the total score of the CEQ-B, the analyses were considered adequate. Study II aimed to perform the validation and cultural adaptation of the Questionnaire for the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders and their risk factors during pregnancy and postpartum (QMAP) for the Portuguese/ Brazil. The questionnaire was translated and after evaluation by the Committee of Experts the back translation was made and after this, the pre-test was performed. The participants answered the questionnaire twice, with an interval of 7 to 10 days and also answered the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey (SF-36). Sixty-six women (77% pregnant and 23% postpartum women) participated in the study, with a mean age of 26.5 ± 5.8. There was no missing, no floor-ceiling effect, internal consistency was 0.71 (Cronbach's Alpha), and construct validity assessed with the physical aspect domain of the SF-36 questionnaire was considered moderate, the reproducibility result made by the retest test obtained a result of 0.72. It was possible to conclude that the questionnaire instruments for the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders and their risk factors during pregnancy and postpartum (QMAP) and Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-B) were considered validated and reproducible for use in the Brazilian population.