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Semeando a cidade: provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos na agricultura urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-18)
Corrêa, Carina Júlia Pensa
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Nnadi, Ernest
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4141008820581109
Urban density triggers several environmental and social problems, most of them associated with the difficulty of maintaining and providing ecosystem services in these landscapes. In this sense, interventions are necessary to guarantee the quality of life of the population combined with environmental conservation. Although urban agriculture is driven by its provision (food production) and cultural (leisure and social well-being) services, they produce essential support and regulatory functions, such as reducing heat islands, attracting pollinators, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. The present study evaluated the socio-environmental characteristics of urban gardens and their role in providing these ecosystem services, especially for water regulation. In a comparative study, gardens in São Paulo, Paris, and England were analyzed according to social, environmental, and political indicators. The motivations of gardeners include food security, quality of life, environmental education, integration, and social inclusion. Agroecological practices were positive results found in the visited experiences, which allow the generation of ecosystem services in all categories. From a social point of view, a continuous program of support to farmers could bring more security to the practice in São Paulo. Regarding the behavior of the soil in these spaces, annual monitoring of soil density, humidity, hydraulic conductivity, water infiltration speed, and mechanical resistance to penetration was carried out in vegetable gardens, vacant lots, squares, and riparian forests. The gardens obtained the best results in all the adopted indicators, and thus, they respond better to a rain event when compared to vacant lots, squares, and riparian zones studied. Besides, urban riparian forests may have difficulty in infiltrating water and high soil compaction, and actions to improve their ecological function are important. Similar results were found in the case study carried out in the Corujas watershed, in São Paulo. The soil of the Corujas garden, installed on the same perimeter as the square and a partially concrete permanent preservation area, has lower compaction rates, and, therefore, more significant potential to contribute to rainfall infiltration. The example of this garden also shows that it is possible to combine planting with the installation of green infrastructures, such as rain gardens. The development and maintenance of spaces that generate multiple ecosystem services in cities should be encouraged, and it is concluded that urban agriculture, in addition to invaluable social benefits, has great potential for improving water regulation in cities.
Empreender e educar: a sala de aula invertida no ensino de funções orgânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-18)
Ferreira, Pedro Henrique Severino
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3779141102436947
A pedagogical strategy that has been increasingly used is the Flipped Classroom in which the student is in contact with basic information about the study content before the class, by a guide made available by the teacher in a Virtual Learning Platform. This way, time and space in school is enlarged to the practical comprehension activities and to the solving of problems and personalized understanding of the student. The Flipped Classroom was implemented as a methodology to the teaching of organic functions to 28 students in their second high school year at São Francisco School, in Passos/MG (Brazil), with the objective of understanding how the methodology contributes to the development of undertaking abilities in the teaching and learning process. This study has as a product a script of activities for the virtual platform using video classes that are available at YouTube and guides of practical presential activities. It was possible to observe that, at the end of the study, most students were more committed to the chemistry assignments and, as a result, they had an autonomous behavior in their teaching/learning process.
Materiais para aplicações eletroquímicas: otimização da síntese de grafeno/TiO2-RuO2 e estudo da retificação de corrente iônica em nanoporos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-19)
Silva, Mariana Cristina
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7107574227552280
The current energy outlook points to the need to implement methodologies that value the reduction of energy consumption, as well as the use of cleaner and more sustainable processes of production, conversion, and storage of energy. In this scenario, there is a need for a deeper understanding of phenomena and materials involved in energy-related applications. In this sense, the first part of this thesis focuses on the study of microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide decorated with RuO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The selection of this material for the study is due to its potential application in the development of energy storage devices. Several parameters were studied: relative amount of metallic precursors, synthesis medium, pH, starting reactants, composition, and temperature. Among these variables, the effect of pH should be highlighted: at extremely acidic pH (pH<0), there is no formation of RuO2 particles; at slightly basic pH (pH 8), the forced hydrolysis of metallic precursors leads to the formation of amorphous oxides and hydroxides agglomerates; at slightly acidic pH (pH 4) – and changing the Ti4+ precursor so that it is soluble at this pH –, particles with an average size of 18 nm are obtained, and the presence of ruthenium can be confirmed. Still in the context of energy-related theme, the second part of this thesis deals with the study of the phenomenon of ionic current rectification in nanopores. This understanding of basic concepts is fundamental to the systems improvement, as it leads to the possibility of optimizing processes and, therefore, lower energy consumption. To help understand the phenomenon, this thesis used mathematical and computational tools to study the effect of ionic current rectification in nanopores through finite element simulation. This rectification effect can be used as a basis for the construction of several devices since they work in the storage of potential energy. Based on experimental evidence, pore geometry, dimensions and surface charge were studied. Through this study it became clear the need for the pore to present asymmetry, nanometric dimensions and surface charge for the current rectification effect to occur. In this sense, it was evident that the greater the charge and the smaller the opening on one side of the pore, the greater the current rectification observed. Through factorial design, it was possible to observe that the pore narrowing dimension is a significant parameter in the values of rectification ratio, as expected due to the importance of the Debye length in these cases.
Estudo de Ligas Fe-Nb-B Nanocristalinas Eutéticas Ultrafinas e Laser Cladding de Pós Atomizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Caneda, Chaiane Messa
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Gargarella, Piter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453
Fe-Nb-B alloys have gained much attention in recent years because of the possibility to obtain different constituents in nanostructured composites, amorphous and ultrafine eutectics (scale of 100 nm to 1 μm) alloys depending on composition and cooling rate. These structures are originated by rapid solidification in non-equilibriun balance and have excellent mechanical (high hardness, high resistance to fracture and plasticity) and chemical properties. LASER processing is considered one of the routes that also allows the development of these structures, enabling new perspectives on technological applications of these alloys. This work presents aimed the development of ultrafine eutectic nanocrystalline Fe-Nb-B alloys seeking to evaluate the mechanical behavior on strength and ductility. From these selected compositions for the subsequent production of gas atomized powders were manufacturing the coatings of these alloys onto AISI 1020 mild steel substrate by LASER cladding using a pre-placed powder method. The compositions in which the coatings were produced, Fe76.5Nb8.5B15 and Fe74.25Nb8.25B17.5 (at. %), allowed to investigate the appropriate parameters ranges to obtain coatings with high microhardness and at the same time, with possible wear resistance. Both coatings were characterized using the techniques of X-ray Diffraction (DRX), Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of a samples prepared by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) allowed the analysis of the formation of eutectic phases (as predicted).The wear resistance of coatings for Fe76.5Nb8.5B15 (at.%) alloy were evaluated through the pin-on-disk test with three-body abrasive indicated lower wear rates values compared to the steel substrate (1.9 x 10-5 to 3.9 x 10-5 mm³/Nm, respectively).
Método para classificação de sementes agrícolas em imagens obtidas por tomografia de raios-X em alta resolução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Brito, André Ribeiro de
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8676076486184629
This research produced a method for classifying agricultural oil seeds based on tomography (CT) assays. Oilseeds may present good or poor quality for planting, the latter being related to the presence of defects associated with physical imperfections such as cracks, breaks and voids. In such a context, for the development of the method, high-resolution tomographic slices reconstruction have been considered, as well as the evaluation of digital image processing and visualization techniques, i.e., evaluations related to pre-processing, segmentation, extraction of supervised characteristics and classifiers. For such evaluations, samples containing oilseeds with and without defects for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), and soybean (Glycine max ( L.) Merrill) were classified. For the choice of the pre-processing, processing and visualization of tomographic images techniques, the following metrics were used: PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error), SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measure), and DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient). Thus, for the establishment of the method, the techniques for filtering and segmentation have been selected considering the Nonlocal means and Gaussian filters, while for the segmentation steps, the simple thresholding and graph techniques have been selected, respectively. For the characteristic extraction stage, the HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) and the Hu invariant moments techniques have been selected, as they can allow obtaining texture descriptors and descriptors based on geometric characteristics, respectively. Additionally, the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) technique has been used to establish a composite characteristic vector with these descriptors. Finally, not only the NB (Naïve Bayes) but also the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier shown its usefulness. Furthermore, for the method, the NB classifier has been indicated for the analysis of tomographic slices of sunflower seeds and the SVM classifier for the analysis of tomographic slices of jatropha and soybean seeds. The method developed for the grading of oilseeds has been shown to be suitable for selection in pre-planting, which helps to assist decision making in the selection of good quality agricultural seed. It also contributes to the evolution of advanced techniques and analysis tools, obtained from digital image processing and visualization techniques.
Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de quitosana-tripolifosfato e seu potencial como antifúngico natural para aplicação por aspersão em frutas frescas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Alexandrino, Taís Téo de Barros
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Assis, Odílio Benedito Garrido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4626267791983725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1423196539001121
Contamination by pathogens is a problem that occurs on a global scale and is related to approximately 25% of total fruit and vegetables losses in the post-harvest condition. The synthetic antimicrobials usually applied in order to minimize these losses, if not used in a moderate way, might generate undesirable impacts on human health and to the environment. So, a growing awareness and preference for healthy foods, absent of chemical pesticides, is in course. An alternative to meet these demands is the development of natural fungicides, which can act satisfactorily and with low impact or side effects. In this context, chitosan has been considered as a suitable alternative for the development of antimicrobials, mainly due its natural source and biodegradability. In conventional diluted form, chitosan has already proved to have a broad antimicrobial activity. In the present study, the synthesis of nanoparticles from the Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate (NPQui-TPP) system and their antifungal potential, when in aqueous suspensions, were evaluated in topical applications on fruits via spray. The premise is that as larger the particulate area, the greater will be the surface interaction between chitosan molecules and pathogens. The NPQui-TPP were synthesized by the ionotropic gelation method, and several experimental parameters evaluated aiming at the optimization and standardization of the process, where the following conditions were defined: height of 8 cm between intercrossing (TPP) dropping and the chitosan gel surface, under agitation of 1500 rpm and additional ultrasonication with 30% of amplitude for 2 minutes.In these conditions NPQui-TPP with an average diameter of 117.3 nm were generated and assessed in vitro at concentrations of 8 and 9 g/L with effective activity in inhibiting the growth of Alternaria alternata and Penicillium expansum inoculated in BDA medium. Formulations for topical application with 9 g/L (particles in suspension) were prepared and sprinkled on apples and guavas, inoculated and non-inoculated with the analyzed fungi, for in vivo assessment. Coatings in non-nanoparticulated condition (dipping into chitosan gel), were also carried out for comparison. The results show superior activities of NPQui-TPP when compared to the continuous coatings. The nanoparticulated coatings promoted reductions of 55 % in the loss of firmness in guavas and 38.7 % concerning the apples. Additionally the nanoparticles provided a decrease in 24 % in the fungal growth on apples and of 28 % on guavas, with simultaneous colorimetric alterations around 13.7 % on apples, when compared to non-coated samples, along 14 days. Although the exact mechanisms by which chitosan antimicrobial activity occurs is not yet fully elucidated, it is evident that chitosan in nanoparticles form has superior antifungal activity and general preservative properties, what have been attributed to their high surface area and consequently the ability to perform larger interactions.
Comportamento ecofisiológico de Croton urucurana Baill, Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, Hevea brasiliensis Willd. Ex A. Juss e Psidium cattleianum Sabine
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Leal, Mariana Santos
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208577997632374
The ecophysiological behavior of plants is intrinsic to each plant species and is also influenced by environmental conditions such as solar radiation and water availability. Once the ecophysiology of tree species and their interactions with environmental conditions and their water use efficiency are better understood, local water dynamics can be better understood and more efficient management systems adopted. The objective of this study was to characterize, quantify and compare the ecophysiological behavior (transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) and the efficiency of water use as a function of environmental variables and soil water availability of five native forest species: Croton urucurana, Cecropia pachystachya, Hevea brasiliensis, Gallesia integrifolia and Psidium cattleianum. The monitoring of the ecophysiological variables was performed in the hour scale, in healthy and expanded leaves of seedlings packaged with the aid of the diffusion porometer, and the leaf water potential was obtained by means of the Scholander pump. The results indicated that the studied species responded differently to environmental conditions (water availability, photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit), and in general, the seedlings of all species under conditions of lower leaf water potential had lower rates of gas exchanges, however on a different scale of values. Thus, the restriction of water in the soil caused the plants to decrease their rates in order to avoid excessive water loss.
Géis, nanocompósitos e compósitos de pectina preparados utilizando a técnica adaptada de ice template.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
César, Natália Reigota
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De Meneses, Aparecido Junior
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
Byopolymers, such as pectin, have the ability to form gels which allows their use as jelly thickeners in food industries, for example. Porous pectin gels are generally homogeneous, forming a water-rich mesh. Pores are cavities within a material, which in some cases can weaken it because it is a discontinuity, or its presence can favor its use in different applications. One of the techniques used for the production of porous materials is the ice template, or freeze-casting, which uses freezing to obtain these materials. The purpose of this work was to develop a process similar to the ice template, replacing the cold finger with cooling in a domestic freezer without a frost-free system; since this new methogology presents low cost and easy access. After the development of the technique, it was applied in the preparation of porous materials, the Project was developed using formulations of pectin and calcium below the concentration of gelation in diferente concentrations; as well as, nanocomposites were prepared with formulations of pectin, calcium and celulose nanofibril (CNF) also with concentrations below gelation; and finally, composites were prepared with diferente concentrations of pectin, calcium and fibers (obtained from young leaves of Typha domingensis) also with concentrations below gelation. After the satisfactory development of the adapted ice template system, followed by the preparation of the new materials, the selection of the best materials (gels, nanocomposites and composites) was carried out, these were conditioned to compression tests, in addition to being also morphologically characterized. The pre-selected solutions of gels and nanocomposites were tested on porous structures, thus forming pore structures within the pore, these were morphologically characterized; in order to possible application in cell growth. Among all the formulations prepared, after compression test (mechanical strength) and morphological characterization, the best mechanically obtained materials were the weak composites (improved 17,4 times in breaking strength compared to the weak gel), medium (improved 32,2 times in relation to the médium gel) and strong (improved 14,7 times in relation to the strong gel), the best formulation for the formation of pore structures within the pore was that of the gel called very weak, as this diffused porous material forming the expected structure.
Estudo comportamental e efeitos da interação animal-visitante dos felinos do Zoológico de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Mata, Emily Perez Guimarães da
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Sekiama, Margareth Lumy
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7506297262479134
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339760342899503
Zoos play the role of conservation, research, environmental education, and recreation centers, and one of their main concerns is the welfare of the animals on display, which can be influenced by factors such as adequate enclosure, balanced feeding, veterinary management and interaction with visiting public. The presence of visitors may influence animal behavior, either positively or negatively. Thus, understanding animal-visitor interaction is extremely helpful in the quest to improve the animals’ well-being and raise public interest, because it may help the species' conservation. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to analyze the crowd’s effect on the behavior of the cats at the São Paulo Zoo, and how the behavior of the cats affects the public's interest. 20 hours of behavioral observations were made for each species - Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Panthera leo, and Panthera tigris tigris - via focal animal sampling for enclosures with only one individual and scan sampling for enclosures with multiple animals. The recorded behaviors were then correlated to the visitors' behavior, age group, and length of stay in front of the venues. Furthermore, modifications were made to the structural and environmental elements of the H. yagouaroundi enclosure to verify the effect of these changes on the activity of the animals and the perception and interest of the public, and, following, new behavioral observations were made. The results showed that cats, in general, exhibited behaviors related to rest, such as lying down or remaining inactive in structures. The stereotyped behavior, pacing, was observed more frequently for the jaguar. As for other factors that could influence the cat’s behavior, such as the age range of the visitors and the time of the visit, they showed no effect, however, the pacing events occurred mainly during mornings. After the changes were made in the H. yagouaroundi enclosure, there was a reduction in the inactive and stereotyped behaviors of the species. Therefore, the enrichment of ex situ environments can be considered an important tool for zoos and institutions with animals under human care to promote the welfare of the animals, providing more complex environments so their behavioral repertoire can approach what is observed in their natural habitat. Also, the setting of the enclosures may promote greater attractiveness to the visiting public and consequently deeper knowledge, affection, and respect for the animals in captivity.
Maquiagem Corretivo Terapêutica: elaboração e aplicação de um protocolo para saúde mental.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-21)
Ruiz, Larissa Pires
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Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4098277154711387
In chronic diseases, such as vitiligo, the patient has restricted, ineffective treatment tools with a few results or without the disease’s remission. It is possible to comprehend the patient’s vulnerability and the vitiligo’s effect, not only for its harmfulness to the individual’s organism, but for its effect over the environment: the aversive stimulations unpredictability produced by cultural matters, rejection reactions, curiosity, prejudice and stigma that leads to anxiety, depression, social isolation and low self-esteem. This study consisted of the elaboration and application of a psychotherapeutic and cosmetic intervention protocol that installed a body of work to increase the participants control over some personal environment variables. This protocol aimed to expand the individual’s available behaviors and reactions for such situations, reduce aversive stimulation and increase the production of pleasant stimulation. The activities included reception, anamnesis, psychoeducation, teaching and training of social skills techniques, self-knowledge, self-perception, self-control, self-esteem, emotional regulation, decision-making, problem-solving, self-care, self-sufficiency, health and dermatological care, cosmetics and self make-up. Its impacts were evaluated in a population of 8 adult women with vitiligo disease, indicatives of the following variables were assessed: 1) living with vitiligo, self-care routine and treatment; 2) physical and mental well-being measures; 3) spots incidence and discomfort; 4) mental health assessments; 5) quality of life assessments; 6) self-esteem assessments; and 7) functional analysis of complaints and identified psychotherapeutic gains. After the procedures application it was observed for all the participants reduction of the depression scores up to 53%, reduction of the social anxiety scores up to 88%, increase of 75% in the self-esteem indicative and gains up to 48,89% in quality of life. More exposed and intimate areas had the higher spot discomfort indicatives; for all of the participants, after the intervention, the discomfort decrease was up to 59%, including all the areas, even those without any physical handling (cosmetic). In general, for all the participants assessed the feedback was of feelings of having more control over the condition and with more tools to live well with vitiligo disease
Custos nas organizações públicas de saúde: uma proposta de alocação aos centros de custo na Unidade Saúde Escola da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-21)
Ribeiro, Bruna Angélica Casonato
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Albuquerque, Andrei Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9667573506903226
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6643009478731523
In view of the current scenario of public health in Brazil, there is an increase in health costs, largely due to the increase in life expectancy and the advancement of technology, contrasting with often insufficient and limited resources. Given this reality, accurately estimating costs is paramount in the search for efficiency and transparency. The identification and allocation of costs to their respective cost centers are of great relevance to managers, who can view the organization's ability to meet the demand presented. This study aimed to map and classify the costs of the Health School Unit (USE) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) to the productive, administrative and intermediate cost centers, as directed by the Ministry of Health. The study can be classified as to the objective as exploratory in the form of a case study. As for the approach, qualitative research was carried out, with data collection, application of interviews, document analysis. The research involved surveying costs at the Unit from January 2018 to December 2019, segregating direct and indirect costs, determining cost centers, allocating costs to administrative, productive and intermediate cost centers, followed by direct allocation of costs to the final productive cost centers. Finally, an analysis of the information obtained was performed. It was found that the cost with the highest representation in percentage terms in the Unit was that of personnel, representing 80% in 2018 and 79% in 2019 of the Unit's total costs, followed by costs with third party services and legal entities with 16% in 2018 and 18% in 2019. Costs with consumables, on the other hand, have little representation in percentage terms, being 1.15 % in 2018 and 0.86% in 2019. Depreciation costs correspond to 2% of the Unit's total costs in 2018 and 3% of costs in 2019. The cost per procedure is higher for months with less number of visits and less with the highest number of services, since the organization has mostly fixed costs. The productive cost center had the highest cost in the years 2018 and 2019, being 58% and 56%, respectively, followed by the intermediate cost center with 23% in 2018 and 21% in 2019. Finally, the cost center administrative represented 18% in 2018 and 21% in 2019. As for the final productive cost centers, the one with the highest cost was Physiotherapy and the one with the lowest cost was Family Medicine in 2018 and General Medicine in 2019. The data presented demonstrate important subsidies for decision making, offering clear managerial information regarding the allocation of costs in the Unit, also allowing greater transparency of expenses.
Variação espaço-temporal da fertilidade do solo e decomposição da matéria orgânica numa floresta ripária na guarnição da aeronáutica de Pirassununga (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-22)
Fernandes, Pedro Henrique de Godoy
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Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151
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Sebastiani, Renata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716
The Atlantic Rainforest is a heterogeneous phytogeographic domain, considered one of the 36 hotspots for global conservation, however only 26% of its original forest cover remains. The Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (SSF) is a phytophysiognomy of the Atlantic Rainforest that presents two well-marked climatic periods, composed of a period of intense rain in the summer and a period of low precipitation and mild temperatures. The plant communities in these environments are partially constituted by semideciduous species, which lose their leaves in the dry season. In this phytophysiognomy, the nutrient cycling is closely linked to the deposition of litter, since it is a key element in maintaining fertility in an ecosystem after decomposition. When next to watercourses it is called Riparian Forest, extending between the limit of watercourses to the edge of higher lands. Proximity to water resources plays an important role in water quality and mitigation of anthropic actions that could damage the ecosystem. Nevertheless, it has been considered as one of the most degraded in the world. In these regions, the hydric regime constantly influences the processes involved in the soil fertility. In view of this, the present study consists of two chapters, in which in the first, we simultaneously evaluate the spatial variation between chemical attributes of the soil in an area of a continuous Riparian Forest to a SSF, and the temporal variation between the end of the dry season and the end of the rainy season in soil chemical attributes. In the second chapter, we evaluated the variation in clay content and soil moisture in the same area as in Chapter 1, and simultaneously the effect of nutrient availability in the soil and the structure of the forest on the rate of decomposition and the stabilization factor, using the method of Tea Bag Index. To collect soil samples, measure vegetation structure and perform the Tea Bag Index protocol, five plots of 10 x 10 m to 5 m from the Mogi-Guaçu River (R) were demarcated, and five plots 25 m distant from the watercourse (I). The analysis showed that the most distant areas from the watercourse (I) were more fertile, due to the higher clay content. At the end of the wet season, soil fertility is greater when compared to the end of the dry season, suggesting that litterfall contributes strongly to maintaining fertility. The decomposition rate did not differ between regions, but it tended to be higher in the dike (R) region, probably due to the higher microbial activity. The stabilization factor was higher in the inner forest (I), suggesting that areas with a more homogeneous canopy, higher humidity and a greater amount of exchangeable cations, mainly base saturation, promote greater carbon fixation in the soil, when compared with areas more stratified and with more sandy soils. Therefore, the conservation of forest areas is extremely important in mitigating one of the most serious current problems in society, climate change.
Um estudo sobre envelhecimento e mercado de trabalho em Araraquara/SP: percepções, entraves e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-22)
Queiroz, Fabio Renato de
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Pedro, Wilson José Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135701448186851
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4458427820325419
The interface of interdisciplinarity: human aging, work, technologies and management is characterized as an important front for the study of the social dimensions of science and technology. In this sense, the objective of this dissertation is to present a case study on the theme of population aging and the labor market in a city in the interior of the State of São Paulo. This is a case study of a social, qualitative and descriptive nature. 10 people participated in this study (5 workers in the process of professional relocation and 5 managers working in the area of recruitment and selection) exploring aspects of scientific and technological changes and their potential impacts on the world of work, as well as obstacles and demands brought about by these changes social. The results point to different and complementary perceptions regarding the replacement of workers in the market. The reintegration into formal work has reported difficulties due to new information and communication technologies, as well as cultural issues, such as the belief of disadvantage in relation to younger workers. The perception of workers and managers converges in relation to the difficulties of adapting to new technologies and the need for better qualification, however, it differs in relation to the disadvantage of age, which in the point of view of most managers reveals a discourse on strategic advantage for organizations (due to the experience, maturity and commitment of professionals).
Estudo de caso: o sindicato formando o professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-22)
Câmara, Ramon Mattos
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Campos, Douglas Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3894619429327661
This paper has, as goal, to analyze, discuss and investigate the contributions of the syndicate in the teachers’ political formation; it compounds the professional development of teachers from the Elementary Education, acting in the state’s networking in São Paulo, in the city of São Carlos. In order to achieve this goal, two instruments to collect data were used: theorical upbringing about the politics and its consequences towards education; documental analysis about the syndicate that the teachers are part of; and semi-structured interviews with the state’s representant from the same syndicate. With the data obtained, we were able to identify that the policy has two dimensions: the first is about the society’s organizational dimension and the second is about the attribution of value in inter-personal relations. The teachers’ political conscience is imperative so that the syndicate might develop its work, thus, also, it is important to be sure about the approximation that the education has with the politics and its consequences in society. The data from the field search indicate that the syndicate acts with political formation proposes to the political formation from a non-formal-intentionally-structured education with meetings and debates in the entity, as much as in different syndicate’s actions that provoke the teachers regarding the education’s social situation. The contributions of these forming actions may help, not only the commitment in the social movements’ mobilizations, but also to comprehend the politics about the teaching profession, about the possibilities of social change and, besides, to contribute in the students’ formation to be citizens.
Efeitos da prática de natação sobre o controle postural e a aprendizagem de habilidades aquáticas em idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-25)
Gonçalves, Maria Luísa Bacca
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Godoi Jacomassi, Daniela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699007812483790
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6927545252682142
Worldwide, the number of older people is growing rapidly and it is a direct consequence from fertility rates decline and life expectancy increase the older ages. Thus, its necessary to develop strategies for health promotion, diseases prevention, delaying functional declines and, consequently, enhance quality of life in older people. The regular practice of physical exercises has proved to be an efficient strategy in the improvement of biopsychosocial aspects in older adults, mainly when it involves the execution of new motor skills has been observed. However, few studies have investigated the effects of a period of practice about postural control and the learning of new motor skills in older people (mainly in physically active older people), with no studies in the literature about the effects of swimming practice on postural control and aquatic skills learning in these population. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the effect of a swimming program of postural control and aquatic swimming skills in physically active older adults. In this sense, two studies were conducted. Study 1, entitled “Effect of swimming practice on postural control in older adults”, aimed to investigate the effects of swimming practice on postural control in older adults”. Participated in Study 1 24 physically active older adults, divided into two groups: Swimming Group (n=12; age: 69,6 ± 4,7 years; weight: 71,0 ± 17,6 kg; height: 1,63 ± 0,09 m) that took part in a swimming program carried out for a period of 12 weeks and consisting of 24 swimming practice sessions; and a Control Group (n=12; age: 64,3 ± 3,7 years; weight: 76,6 ± 12,7 kg; height: 1,67 ± 0,08 m), that didn’t take part in the swimming program. Postural control was assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention using a force platform on which the individuals remained standing, in 8 different experimental conditions that involved manipulations at the base of support, vision and surface in order to check the behavior of the center of pressure. Study 2, entitled “Does a 12-week swimming program promote aquatic skill learning in older adults?”, aimed to investigate the effect of a swimming program on the learning of aquatic skills in older adults. Participated in the Study 2 the older adults who made up the Swimming Group in the Study 1. Aquatic skills were assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the swimming program, and one week after the post-test (retention test) through a checklist (Scale of Swimming Skills) consisting of performance criteria and subdivided into two subtests: adaptation to the aquatic environment and front crawl. In general, the results of Study 1 revealed differences from pre- to post-test in three of the experimental conditions evaluated for the amplitude (maximum – minimum) of the center of pressure displacement, indicating that the Swimming Group benefited from the practice, mainly under more challenging balance conditions when compared to the Group Control. In the Study 2 results revealed increases from pre-test to post-test and retention test for adaptation to the aquatic environment score, front crawl score, and total score of the Scale of Swimming Skills. Based upon these results, it is possible to conclude that a 12-week swimming program, as a new and additional sensorimotor experience to the routine of physically active older people, led to improvement of postural control and the learning of aquatic skills of adaptation to aquatic environment and front crawl, enhancing the positive biopsychosocial effects that physical exercise brings to the older people.
Dimensões da solidariedade intergeracional nas interações cotidianas de mães e avós de crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-25)
Tiburcio, Izabella Mariana Gomes
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Manzini, Mariana Gurian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9552939271499545
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350
Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy who have epileptic syndromes may experience delays in neuropsychomotor, cognitive and social development. The greater the degree of involvement, the greater the need to support families that live with instability and stress in their daily lives. Objective: To describe dimensions of intergenerational family solidarity (SFI) in the daily interactions of mothers and grandparents of children with cerebral palsy who have epileptic syndromes. Method: Descriptive study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Three mothers and three grandparents of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy and epileptic syndromes participated in the research. The instruments used were: Inventory Pedicat, Economic Classification Brazil and a set of scales to measure certain dimensions of Intergenerational Solidarity (functional, affective and conflictual), quality of life and relationships. Results: The data, described in the form of three case studies, reveal the presence of the dimensions of the SIF analyzed with similarities and differences depending on the characteristics of the actors, the conditions present in the contexts and the challenges that families face in their daily lives. In two cases studied, the presence of the functional dimension, proximity, communication and understanding was verified. On the other hand, one of the dyads revealed a lack of help and reciprocity, the presence of conflicts, negative feelings and isolation. Conclusion: The mother-grandmother dyads of children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy who have a high degree of dependence on routine activities benefit when the affective, functional dimensions are present with low levels of conflicts.
Química experimental: uma abordagem investigativa do teor de ferro em alimentos por espectrofotometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-25)
Dias, Estela de Lima
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2922612816768912
Practical activities in the laboratory are guided by script with traditional procedures, and in order to carry out the experiments, it is necessary to follow a linear sequence, which the professor or text direct what and how to do. The aim of this work is to put the student on a position to carry out research, using concepts, develop skills, attitudes and values. The students assumed the role of researcher, reflecting critically on their way of thinking and acting. The teachers' role in this construction was to problematize the phenomena, question the students and the data, make relationships, contextualize the learned content, and stimulate the creativity and involvement of the students. Experimentation by an investigative approach was adopted, which is one of the ways to promote Scientific Literacy, which, briefly, prepare students for life in society, taking into account their citizen, critical and responsible activity. The progress and application of this project were analyzed through systematic observation and by categorizing the data obtained in the application of diagnostic questionnaires, according to the consulted references. At the end of the completed project, the investigative activity of analysis of iron in food by ultraviolet spectrophotometry has developed research habilities, and scientific communication among students supported by the articulation of knowledge already acquired. It also had possibilited training new studies, stimulating the performance of team activities and cooperation between the students involved, in addition to prepare them for the professional activities of chemistry technician.
Ações de professores pré-escolares para identificação de alunos com deficiência ou atraso no desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-25)
Belga, Jéssica Souza Coutinho
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Borges, Laura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4828937301601338
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Cia, Fabiana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402
Children's education at daycare centers and pre-schools has gotten more and more visibility, babies and children have been spending more time at these units of child education, making it possible for teachers and other school staff and members to identify possible delays in the child's development. That said, this work has sought to understand how the process of identification of children's delays in their development or a suspected disability in the environment of an educational institution through the teacher. Therefore, the objectives of the research were: (a) to identify which child's characteristics, behaviors, or actions can be noticed by teachers and suppose one of them can be going through a delay in their development or a deficiency and (b) to identify which procedures are to be taken by teachers in the process of behavioral evaluation and forwarding the child to an ideal diagnosis. Five teachers from a child educational institution have participated in this research, of which have had experience with students thought to have delays in their process of growth-development or hypothetical deficiency. To collect data, a semi-structured interview script, elaborated by the researcher, has been used. The research had a qualitative character, creating categories to improve analysis and data debates. The results showed that teachers identify possible developmental delays or hypotheses of disability and report the family seeking to observe the child in other environments and contribute to the identification, referrals and interventions to be carried out with the child, the school also carries out referrals involving the pedagogical coordination, the family and health professionals. Based on the reports, it was possible to identify the need for continuing education for teachers to help them identify and intervene, in addition to the need for family support, which is essential for continuing the investigation and possible diagnosis.
O intercâmbio político entre parlamentares e as emissoras paulistas de televisão católica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-26)
Placeres, Giulliano
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Souza, André Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934470553582911
This research addresses the mutual political support between parliamentarians and the four largest Brazilian Catholic Television Networks: TV Aparecida, Canção Nova, Rede Vida, TV Século XXI. It is pointed out the role of social actors in favor of such television channels, and equally, the politic electoral support they receive from them. Support for these TV Channels it’s a part of a catholic strategy to act against the advancement of Evangelic denominations, as such as a incentive to the Catholic Charismatic Renewal movement (RCC). There is in this context the election of parliamentarians with catholic identity in National Congress, linked to RCC. Based on systematic bibliographic and field research the relationships between politicians and religious are analyzed: process of concession and granting of TV stations by the federal government and election campaigns. Among the subjects mentioned stand out the coordinated actions between priests, bishops, cardinals, entrepreneurs, parliamentarians as deputies, governors, state ministers beside presidents. The research show how the action of such agents moving in different power fields made a significant role in the creation and maintenance of Catholic Television Networks. On the other hand, the existence of such communicative vehicles in the Brazilian religious market contributed to the continuous catholic evation to be not even more substantive.
Efeito do treino precoce com luvas abertas aderentes no aprimoramento do alcance de lactentes de baixo nível socioeconômico: ensaio clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-26)
Greco, Ana Luiza Righetto
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8178156391245721
In the early stages of motor development, the infant develops the reaching skill. The variability of the movements of the upper limbs added to the exteroceptive stimuli are important for the improvement of this skill. However, a context of adversity can be harmful to the infant. The multiple risks associated with poverty to which infants and their families are exposed can negatively impact child development. For instance, especially in the first year of life, low socioeconomic status infants may have limitations in activities related to oral and manual exploration, cognition and attention. Since motor development is not a process that occurs in isolation, but more than that, it is related to other areas of development, limitations in early motor activities resulting from adverse environments can impact future motor and cognitive development. Thus, providing intervention strategies for at-risk infants early in life can be beneficial, since this is the most opportune time to prevent or minimize possible limitations on activities and restrictions on social participation. The application of active training protocols has been documented in the literature. Evidence points to the beneficial effects of active reaching-specific training protocols as well as sticky mittens. However, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of using sticky mittens as a strategy to improve reaching, grasping and manual exploration of objects. In an attempt to deepen in this topic and answers to conflicting questions, the present study was composed of two studies. Study 1, entitled “Active training with sticky mittens to improve reaching and manual exploration in term and at-risk infants: a systematic review”, aimed to systematically investigate the effectiveness of active training with sticky mittens to improve reaching and manual exploration in healthy full-term and at-risk infants for the motor delay. The synthesis of the evidence showed that the active training with sticky mittens to improve reaching and the manual exploration of objects presented very low evidence in infants born at term and low evidence in at-risk infants. Study 2, entitled “Effects of specific training with open sticky mittens on improving reach in low socioeconomic status infants: a randomized clinical trial”, aimed to investigate the effects of applying active training with open sticky mittens on improving the reach of low socioeconomic status infants at the age of emergency of reaching and at 6 months of chronological age. The results showed that the effectiveness of active training of specific task of reaching with open sticky mittens was not superior to social training in low socioeconomic status infants. Low socioeconomic status infants in both groups had an adequate functional pattern of reaching at six months of age, however, the performance of reaching movements was below to age. This work highlights the importance of recognizing the potential risk that poverty represents for infants living in these conditions.