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Caracterização de azeites de oliva produzidos no Brasil e monitoramento da sua qualidade oxidativa durante o armazenamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-19) Berto, Bruna Maira; Pereira, Gustavo das Graças; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6055750211001915; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1785960773537442
Olive oil stands out among lipid sources due to its appreciated sensory characteristics and for the beneficial health effects linked to its consumption. However, during the storage and/or use of this oil, together with the formation of oxidation products, the loss of compounds with bioactive properties can occur. Therefore, the objective of this work is to characterize olive oils of national origin and to monitor their oxidative degradation during storage. The experimental part of the work was divided into three stages. The first consisted of characterizing two olive oil samples produced in Brazil (AO SP and AO RS) in terms of identity and quality parameters. After characterization, these samples were subjected to oxidation under usual storage conditions (room temperature) for 6 months. Samples were collected at different time intervals and analyzed for oxidative and quality parameters. In the last stage, a shelf-life study of one of the olive oil samples was conducted. Results allowed the identification of the majority and minority components present in the two samples of national olive oil evaluated in the present work. The main differences observed were that the AO SP sample had a higher oleic acid content, but lower in palmitic acid than the AO RS sample. Regarding the quality parameters, both national oils met the specifications of national legislation. From the oxidation procedure at room temperature, it was possible to observe that both commercial olive oils deteriorated rapidly, mainly due to the high formation of hydroperoxides. Finally, changes in oxidative and quality parameters were lower in the shelf-life study compared to oxidation conducted with exposure to air and light.
Mulheres da aroeira e o trabalho associado: ações organizativas de extrativistas em Piaçabuçu, Alagoas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-19) Maciel, Kleciane Nunes; Barbosa, Luciano Celso Brandão Guerreiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7328141879157135; Bergamasco, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863899187043019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4106495824489000
The present dissertation had as general objective to identify the actions of women's organizational strategies and socioeconomic reproduction strategies of the “Associação Aroeira” in the municipality of Piaçabuçu, Alagoas, in the context of associated work. It is a study case, characterized with an exploratory and descriptive research, whose approach used is the quali-quantitative. The methodological path was based on the semi-structured interview, documentary research and direct observation. The data collected were analyzed primarily from the qualitative analysis. The results of this investigation indicate that the social organization of women extractivists was fundamental for the construction of a self-managed scio-productive system, which in turn, still has problems inherent to self-management that must be overcome to reach higher levels of cooperativism and strengthening organizational. However, associated work presents itself as a strategy for the socioeconomic reproduction of extractivist women in the “Associação Aroeira” expanding job opportunities and creation of income, mainly promoting greater social engagement, the achievement of gains in they self-esteem, financial independence and the autonomy of women. Therefore, it is concluded that associativism enabled the satisfaction of needs inherent in the living conditions of rural women so important regarding the improvement of the income level and economic conditions. The practice ecological aspects of the extraction of aroeira and the accumulation of knowledge of the activity in the region have also made it possible for these women to be immersed in an environment that generates a situation of greater sustainability. This one factor is essential for conserving local biodiversity and structuring the adopted socio-productive system.
Análise das caraterísticas do abstencionista eleitoral nas eleições nacionais, revisão ao nível municipal no período de 2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-19) Di Domenico, Nicol Andrea; Milanese, Juan Pablo; http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000481033; Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336151484882362; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8730398848418782
Colombia es un país que se ha encontrado en situación de conflicto armado interno desde hace más de 50 años, escenarios que han sucedido de la mano de los procesos de construcción del estado, incidiendo naturalmente en la formación del ciudadano político, lo cual visto desde la óptica de participación electoral ha generado un impacto el cual no puede ser catalogado como negativo, hoy por hoy con la implementación de los Acuerdos de paz ha quedado en evidencia que la indiferencia de los ciudadanos frente a los procesos democráticos del país está influenciado por variables que van más allá del conflicto, en los sesenta (60) años que los colombianos han elegido al cuerpo ejecutivo mediante elecciones los índices de abstencionismo han fluctuado entre el 40% y el 66% lo que nos deja a puertas de preguntar ¿Cuáles son las razones del abstencionismo electoral en Colombia después de los acuerdos de paz del 2016?, por tanto este trabajo de investigación busco esclarecer las características de los tipos diferentes de perfiles de los no votantes colombianos, con base al análisis de las elecciones presidenciales del 2018, observado desde el nivel municipal, concluyendo que algunas de las razones de los altos índices de abstencionismo electoral y el perfil de ese abstencionista están directamente relacionadas con variables de tipo demográfico entre ellas vivir en zonas rurales, traduciendo esto en una desafección política producto de la baja influencia nacional en los sectores más alejados
Desempenho nos testes físicos e força muscular de quadríceps em pacientes com DPOC: uma análise de cluster
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-19) Oliveira, Lucas Alves Cassiano de; Silva, Marcela Maria Carvalho da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7456144301194366; Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6551332040723450
Introduction: Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) present pulmonary and systemic dysfunctions that lead to the loss of peripheral muscle strength and decreased exercise capacity. There is a lack of studies in the literature that characterize clinical behavior through cluster analysis involving these variables, which are important for the development of specific pulmonary rehabilitation programs targeted at these individuals. Objective: To investigate and describe different phenotypes in individuals with COPD according to physical capacity, assessed by the six-minute walk test (6MWT), six-minute step test (6MST), one-minute sit and stand test (1-MSTST) and the quadriceps isometric muscle strength of these individuals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with cluster analysis, in which 55 individuals with stable COPD were subjected to the 6MWT, 6MST, 1-MSTST tests and quadriceps isometric muscle strength test using a hand-held dynamometer. Results: Two phenotypes (A and B) were identified, with phenotype A grouping individuals with better lung function, less dyspnoea, better quadriceps isometric muscle strength and better performance in physical tests (p<0.01 for all variables), in relation to phenotype B. Conclusion: Two phenotypes were identified according to the functional tests and quadriceps isometric muscle strength showing relevant clinical differences that may guide a different therapeutic approach for these individuals.
Masculinidades e atos infracionais: a compreensão de jovens em conflito com a lei sobre as questões de gênero
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-19) Gomes, Ananda Evelyn Cardoso; Spaziani, Raquel Baptista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2223649618057544; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6100084565326189
This research is of a qualitative nature and aimed to discuss and analyze the conceptions of young authors of infractions on masculinities, in the city of Sorocaba/SP, problematizing from their speeches and trajectories the association between gender and conflict with the law. Individual interviews were carried out with five young people, initially with questions related to conceptions about gender and masculinities. In a second step, questions were asked about the intersection between gender and race, ending with questions related to the offending acts. The interviews resulted in different statements, some contradictions in relation to the conceptions of masculinities and situations experienced by young people, but they also expressed desires and feelings in relation to expectations for the future, about economic limits, their social relations and situations of social exclusion.
Diamante dopado com boro como um possível suporte de eletrocatalisador de PEMFC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-19) Mattoso, Samuel Henrique; Rocha Filho, Romeu Cardozo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5200717413563550; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7021437753063259
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising candidates for the green conversion of hydrogen into electric energy. A considerable problem pre-venting the large-scale applications of PEMFCs is the inadequate durability of the supported electrocatalyst layer. Carbon blacks (CBs) such as Vulcan XC-72 are commonly used as the carbon support, however its stability is limiting for long term PEMFC use. CB in the cathode is oxidized in the PEMFC start and stop cycles, detaching the Pt nanoparticles and promoting their agglomeration, which leads to performance loss. This degradation is due to the high potentials caused by fuel starvation and to the accelerated corrosion rate induced by the Pt catalysts. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has interesting properties, such as high chemical and thermal stability, that make it desirable as a PEMFC electrocatalyst support material. The most widespread method for producing BDD is chemical vapor dep-osition (CVD), since it is efficient in dopant control and makes diamond with consistent characteristics. The physicochemical and electrical properties of BDD are affected by the amount of non-diamond carbon (NDC) present in the diamond matrix, by the grain size and by the boron doping. All of this in turn are controlled by the CVD conditions that are employed, such as source gas mixture ratios and deposition pressure/power. BDD can be synthesized as a film or a powder; the latter is most wanted for energy applications as it has a higher surface area. BDD particles can be synthesized by a core-shell approach, in which a powder sub-strate, such as nanodiamond or glassy carbon, is coated with a layer of BDD. The BDD overlayer can be observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which allows the assessment of the particles’ morphology. Raman spectroscopy is widely used for evaluation of the BDD microstructure, as BDD materials have a wide range of Raman spectra that correlate with the amount of NDC, grain size and defect density. SEM and Raman spectroscopy enable the distinction of sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon domains, which allows the correlation of the BDD mate- 6 rials’ microstructure with the observed electrochemical properties. These proper-ties can be evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, in which redox peaks may be ob-served due to the presence of NDC. Additionally, redox probes such as [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– can be used, with the electrochemical response being sensitive to the surface or electronic properties of BDD. Anodic polarization is used to analyze the stability of the powders, as less-stable powders show more extensive oxida-tion. Finally, it is possible to attach Pt nanoparticles to BDD to test their viability as electrocatalyst support. After attachment of the Pt nanoparticles, it is possible to evaluate the performance and durability of the potential BDD supports with the previously mentioned electrochemical techniques and with accelerated long-term stability tests.
Revestimentos superficiais alternativos para aumento da vida útil de coquilhas de aço H13 utilizadas na fundição da liga AlSi12Cu4Ni2Mg
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-19) Bandeira Neto, Guilherme; Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-8467; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2334309752110172; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-7637
This work was evaluated using options for protective coating which improved the hot working H13 steel mold availability in casting manufacturing of AlSi12Cu4Ni2Mg alloy. To reach this goal, the coating must be resistant to wear and to an aluminum soldering process. This takes place through aluminum diffusion from a solidified aluminum alloy in the direction of H13 steel matrix. Process cycle is a sequence of pouring melted aluminum into the mold, followed by solidification time, extraction of the finished part and the closing of the mold. In test performances, a tile of the mold, the pin, was chosen as a specimen because it has constant contact with a cast aluminum alloy, supporting additional efforts like extraction under solidified material. The tested coatings were nitrocarburized, duplex (plasma nitriding process, multilayered based-CrAlN/CrTiN coating applied by cathodic arc) and boronized. The coated pins were assembled in a same permanent mold to become susceptible to the same productive variables as in the GDC (gravity die casting) process. To understand the evaluation of the surface degradation, one specimen was segregated for each coating in different conditions, comprising of one condition with pins which did not have worked, a second condition of pins which have worked 40,000 cycles and a third condition with a maximum lifespan of nitrocarburized and duplex coating. The specimens were characterized by Vickers microhardness, optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and back-scattered electrons (BSE). As a conclusion, the Duplex based-CrAlN/CrTiN coating deposition by the cathodic arc in AISI H13 nitrided steel increased the mold working life within a 24% minimum, compared to the actual standard coating nitrocarburized coating. Boronized coating had an acceptable performance but to increase working life, it is necessary to adjust their production process.