Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-07-08"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 10540

Efeitos da estimação de parâmetros no desempenho do gráfico modificado considerando os índices de capacidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-08)
Oliveira, Bruna Ker Simão de
;
Jardim, Felipe Schoemer
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026252695837333
;
Oprime, Pedro Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
The modified and the acceptance control charts are indicated for monitoring highly capable processes, whose natural dispersion is significantly lower than the specification limits. This affirmation is based on the fact that these charts allow the process mean to vary over a range (specified by the tolerable non-conforming items rate,) remaining its in in-control (IC) condition and, from a practical point of view, highly capable processes support some shifts on their mean without affect the production of non-conforming items (cause there is a considerable room between the nominal mean and the specification limits). As the modified and acceptance charts do not require a rigid stability on the process mean, detecting just practical importance shifts, the number of process halts are minimized, which can save time and resources, making their use even more relevant. This work studies the effect of the parameter estimation and the influence of the capability indexes on the performance measures of the modified chart. We chose to detail the study only for this chart because the focus of this chart is on the control of the probability of type I error (which is the most common on the industry). To understand the effect of the standard deviation estimation on the modified chart performance, there were proposed some statistical models to calculate the False Alarm Rate (FAR) and the Average Run Length (ARL), considering the cases where the standard deviation is known and the one in which it is unknown. The results showed that when the standard deviation is estimated, both FAR and ARL become random variables, what compromise the performance of the chart. To amply the knowledge about this damage it was done some graphical and numerical tests, which showed that it is necessary to collected a big number of data (many large samples) from the process on Phase I to get closer the results of the unknown case to the desired value. However, this high number of m and n makes the use of the chart unfeasible in many manufacture industries. Some solutions were proposed to reduce this high number of data needed on Phase I. Finally, it was evaluated the influence of the capability indexes on FAR and ARL, and it was attested that the modified chart is really appropriated for high capable processes, because while the mean vary inside the allowed range, the maximum false alarm rates remains bellow or equal to the nominal value.
Green manufacturing: avaliação do ciclo de vida de processos de usinagem e tubos de alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-09)
Firmino, Alessandro Silveira
;
Oliveira, José Augusto de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8494490966978412
;
Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249
Manufacturing processes are performed to convert raw materials into products. To perform these processes, natural resources are consumed and emissions are generated reflecting the potential for adverse environmental impacts. In order to obtain productive systems with less negative impacts on the environment, Green Manufacturing (GM) was emerged. Thus, the concept of GM was used in this dissertation, in which the environmental performance of aluminum pipes’ machining processes was studied. For this, the application of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) oriented to the evaluation of two manufacturing processes was organized, based also in the use of a detailed methodology to develop the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of the studied processes – the Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory (UPLCI). The application of the UPLCI and the development of the LCA phases, especially the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) phase, were carried out through the selection of midpoint impact categories from the ReCiPe 2016 method, and allowed to identify the potential environmental impacts of the studied processes and identify the electricity and the cutting fluid as their main hotspots. With the obtained results and through the performance of sensitivity analysis, future manufacturing scenarios were proposed to reduce the impacts arising from these hotspots. The proposed environmentally benign manufacturing scenario was the suggestion to duplicate the quantity of parts manufactured at each production cycle, moving from three to six machined parts per cycle, and reducing 25% of the raw material surplus to be machined. All of that resulted in important improvements for all the impact categories, enabling reductions in the potential impacts up to 16.47% for the cradle-to-gate life cycle. Further, benefits regarding to classic Production Engineering metrics such as the productivity index and the machine occupancy rate were achieved and resulted into a better eco-efficiency index of the production system up to 23.55%, that will enable the achievement of a more sustainable manufacturing system.
Aplicação em sala de aula do experimento Deslocamento no Plano Inclinado para o ensino da função quadrática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-10)
Barillari, Paulo Eduardo
;
Paterlini, Roberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6240750958932738
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3047028345997368
In order to collaborate in overcoming difficulties related to teaching the concept of function and its applications, an interdisciplinary didactic proposal was prepared. The theme was second-degree polynomial function, content linked to the 1st grade of High School. For the construction and validation of the pedagogical product, the basic guidelines proposed by Didactic Engineering were used. An experiment was developed in the area of Physics (Displacement in the Inclined Plane), with different heights corresponding to the elevation of the ramp in relation to the horizontal, of which the model function is quadratic. The students involved were divided into groups to carry out the activities. Each group recorded the experiment and edited the video, enabling the collection of numerical data, composing a table. The analysis started with the data being arranged as points on a Cartesian plane. Observing the pattern of the points found and using algebraic resources, the students obtained the expression of a quadratic function. In another moment, the same data was manipulated with assistance of computational tools. Then, the students solved theoretical problems to deepen and verify the assimilated contents. The application ended with groups meeting in the school's video room to present, socialize and compare the various results obtained. The students were very willing to participate in the proposed activities and were very satisfied with the final products. During the application and development of the works, there was great interactivity between students and teacher, reflecting on a closer and friendly relationship. These activities provided the students with a better understanding of the functions theme, showing that the work achieved the intended purposes.
Muito além do duplo Chomsky: o autor entre paratextos e paratopias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-10)
Bonatti Santos, Júlio Antonio
;
Baronas, Roberto Leiser
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833166697244816
This thesis aims to analyze the discursive problem of authorship, concepted as a construction, having as object of study the author Noam Chomsky, linguist and political activist from the United States. Seeking to interpret how an author is put into operation, based on some theoretical and conceptual principles such as the instances (person, writer and inscriber) and dimensions of regulation and figuration of authorship (MAINGUENEAU, 2006b), as well as the concept of author as a “function-author” (FOUCAULT, 1997), we intend here to understand the means by which certain author images are constructed for Chomsky, responsible for making two possible authors emerge, through the paratexts of his books: a “double Chomsky” and a “unique Chomsky”. For this, it was necessary to adopt a corpus that reflects Chomsky's work from his books originated from compiled texts, circumscribed in his two main spheres of writing activity, linguistics and politics, consistent with the interpretation that we propose from this author, supported methodologically on the study of editorial paratexts (GENETTE, 2009). The objective is to show, thus, that the modes that permeate the creation of the images of a “double Chomsky author”, at first, take different paths according to the prefaces and the editorial paratexts in general that inscribe their texts in certain means of circulation, sometimes privileging the face of the "linguist Chomsky", sometimes the "activist Chomsky", opposing them in a political dispute of editorial management or uniting them under the same publication, sustained in a paratopic unity of their texts; and, in a second moment, they go beyond an abrupt division of the faces of this author, building a sense of “whole”, of a teleology that completely permeates Chomsky's work: of a “rationalism and universalism” present in his linguistic texts that give argumentative support to mobilize the ethos of “intellectual engagement” in his texts of political criticism, creating the image of a “Chomsky linguist-activist”. Then, what we propose here, by repositioning some views at the problem of authorship in Noam Chomsky through the discursive studies, is a more in-depth debate about the instability of certain units such as "book", "opus" and "author", in order to show that there is a set of relationships that go beyond the frontiers of writing, detaching the idea of authorship from the field of “creation” or “genius”, placing it, therefore, on the axis of the conditions that allow the material emergence of texts designated under an author's name.
Da escola para o trabalho: narrativas de pessoas com deficiências egressas da EJA na Baixada Santista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-10)
Lima, Waldísia Rodrigues de
;
Campos, Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3169299095370522
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4899507078393026
This research aimed to analyse the process of schooling and transition from school to workplace, according to people with disabilities who graduated from Youth and Adult Education (YAE), in the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Region, and verify the contributions of YAE to their inclusion in the workplace. For this purpose, ten people with disabilities from the YAE participated in the research in at least one of the segments: elementary school I, elementary school II and high school. The research is anchored on the oral history method, through Life History, and the data collection was carried out through individual interviews with unstructured script guided by issues related to life memories, family, schooling, work, wishes and dreams. The analysis of the data was based on the qualitative analysis of the life stories, recorded on video and audio, guided by the content analysis of the interview transcripts, correlating them with the main questions, the problem and research objectives, highlighting the frequent points that emerged from the narratives of the interviews, grouped into categories / subcategories followed by the discussions using content description and the interpretation of the interviewees' notes. The interviews, in addition to obtaining the data, made it possible to hear the voice of people with disabilities, in order to understand what they think and feel about the schooling process at YAE, YAE's contributions to workplace inclusion and the transition from school to the workplace. The results indicate that Youth and Adult Education contributed to inclusion in the workplace, with academic, social and communicational knowledge that allowed them to be protagonists of their history in search of their ideals for a full life in society, in addition to bringing light to various aspects related to the life trajectory in schooling at YAE, in work relationships, in the family, in society; in addition, the stories describe young people and adults who are critical and who seek rights and human dignity. Thus, it is believed that the legitimacy of their voices can contribute to the advancement of research in the area of Special Education, Youth and Adult Education and to the inclusion of disabled people in the workplace and can serve for the elaboration of educational policies aimed at schooling and professionalisation, in addition to public policies aimed at inclusion, permanence, progression and guarantees for right to work.
Formação dos sujeitos participantes de uma atividade de comunicação sobre as questões sociocientíficas dos agrotóxicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-10)
Añez, Fernanda
;
Lopes, Nataly Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285391776145231
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0924033362870975
The lack of understanding about some everyday events involving science and technology can have repercussions for the social life of all of us, as our participation in political decisions or understanding of the world and its scientifictechnological development becomes limited. Limitations in social responsibility actions can be considered as resulting from the dehumanization process of the individuals. Moreover, we must remember that science, as human production, is not free of values, and its development can have future impacts on society and the world. In the search for a way to overcome this process, science education committed to the development of critical awareness, shows the fundamental formation of individuals, as it enables understanding and critical positioning in front of the impacts of technological development on society. To develop scientific training for social responsibility and critical positioning regarding the impacts of scientific-technological development, our research sought to understand what are the potentials of an extension activity based on the socio-scientific issues of pesticides, in the scientific and critical training of participants. When talking about the extension, considered part of the university tripod, we believe in its articulating role that through communication and dialogue, educator and student get educated in communion. Thus, in the context of the extension activity, based on communication, proposed at UFSCar, campus Araras, we constituted our data based on the theoretical-methodological references of the participating research. The records were made through recordings of the activities performed and later transcribed, and provided us with data to interpret according to designated a priori and a posteriori categories based on Content Analysis. Data analysis allowed us to conclude, discuss discussions about the intentionality of S&T development, about the University and its role in the training of professionals, about the extensions of universal extension and the possibilities of communication between the University and the community, among other topics, there is a formation of individuals. Science teaching through the SSI is a way to scientifically educate students, who end up with problems in the world, develop critical awareness, and engage in the search for social justice and public participation in issues involving scientific and technological knowledge.
Trans (bordando) trajetórias de vidas: corpos invisíveis, potencialidades e resistências de pessoas trans
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-10)
Francisco, Daniele dos Santos
;
Mendonça, Viviane Melo de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8779308736888220
Despite the achievements before a society based on a cisgender constitution, the Trans theme faces several cultural, social and economic barriers, silencing their “inadequate” bodies and hurting their primordial rights: existence and freedom. The current Brazilian scenario materialized these barriers, demonstrating a war between classes, between genders, between colors between spirits and consciences through a gigantic polarization: the traditional, acceptable, kind, respectable in favor of families won through (ironically) violence, the wrong, depraved, criminal other's peaceful existence. The genuine divine violence of these demonstrators dared to remain silent through threats, weapons and fear of the existence of the “different” with refinements of Christian goodness, a curious and meaningless scenario in which, through their yes and their vote, their masculinity was proved. , heterosexuality and devotion to the traditional. Finally, these devotees from the hypocria celebrated with violence in addition to performing the same "depraved" acts of the "enemy", but in a confidential manner. Trans existence is surrounded by hypocrisy, the honest and traditional Brazil is the one that kills the most and ironically the one that most uses these bodies sexually, shutting them up after their secret acts in a fervent armed devotion that needs to be questioned. A way of coping with this scenario highlights the potential of life of the trans community, demonstrating even its contributions to the construction, continuity and improvements in social quality, showing that its existence does not consist of a social burden, different from the prejudice faced by it. So it is necessary, in addition to demonstrating the vulnerability of this group, to highlight their struggles and victories to deconstruct the counter-arguments of “victimization”. Thus, being Trans could not be a problem for society, but its own existential solution to a real condition. The methodology for developing the powers proposal consisted of the use of oral history and the method of transcreation, showing the life trajectory of the beings interviewed, being trans people. This methodology made it possible to relate relevant life passages with the theoretical foundation and legislative achievements, evidencing through these statements the compulsory heteronormativity and cisgenerity and its painful and unreal impositions. Even if there is a confrontation, the binary concept still shapes society, including the trans existence and its constant attempt to readjust to the “new genre”. Thus, this work sought to highlight the potential and achievements by promoting a discussion to demystify the trans existence, starting from those who actually live them daily. After these analyzes and discussions, there was a need for support promoted by groups and collectives based on human rights, opportunities in the labor market, in addition to social and family receptivity. This recognition could offer subsidies to dismantle shallow arguments arising from prejudices and misunderstandings typical of our "social guess".
A importância dos fluxos comerciais inter-regionais do setor agropecuário para os estados brasileiros.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-10)
Carvalho, Brena do Nascimento
;
Gomes, Alexandre Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002157193962189
;
Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3455553543736709
In the productive structure of the economy there are activities that can indirectly impact the entire economic system, through variations in its production. In a way the economic development of a region is directly related to productive activities and the way they if related. In this context, the Agricultural sector can be highlighted, because it is an important activity in many Brazilian states, generating employment and income, can stimulate the development of other sectors, through their trade flows. It is worth mentioning that there is a concentration of the production of this activity in the country, especially in ten states that together hold 78.30%. In this way, it is intended to analyze the importance of intersectoral and inter regional trade flows from the Agricultural sector to these states. For this, regional analysis methods will be used, specifically, the production and income multipliers and the hypothetical extraction method will be used, which allows to verify the fall in the total production of economic activities arising from the extraction of the Agricultural sector. In the analysis of production and income multipliers, it was found that the sector has elevated capacity to generate production and income in the economy. It was observed that more than half of the production generated is internalized by the states, being that the Pará, Bahia and Resto do Brazil had the lowest multipliers and the lowest production spillovers. And the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Santa Catarina had the highest production multipliers and spillovers. As for income multipliers, it was observed that Pará and the rest of Brazil had the highest multipliers and lowest income spillovers. And the smallest multipliers were from Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, being that the first two had the biggest spillovers. Regarding the results of the extraction method, it was found that from the perspective of purchases, the interregional commercial relations of Agricultural are very low, however, intra-regional trade show yourself is more interdependent, affecting mainly the sectors: Electricity and Gas; Transport, Storage and Mail; Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities; and Commerce, Repair of Vehicles and Motorcycles. In extracting sales from Agricultural, it can be seen that, although the intra-regional effects have also been shown to be more relevant for the sector, inter-regional flows were greater than in relation to purchases, being that inter-regional flows for the states for the South, Southeast and Center-West regions showed themselves more relevant and for the states of Pará and Bahia were smaller. It was found that the largest interregional trade flows are those associated with sales, being that the largest interactions of the sector occur with the sectors of the transformation industry and Food and Accommodation. Therefore, in view of the results, it can be concluded that the Agricultural sector is relevant for all the analyzed states, having greater chain in an intraregional way, presenting greater chain backwards, collaborating for the development of the other sectors of the state. Furthermore, the largest interregional trade flows are those associated with sales, confirming the importance of the sector as a supplier of inputs in the economy.
Sexagem molecular em Xenarthras, avaliação espaço-temporal de atropelamentos em tamanduás e diversidade genética em Myrmecophaga tridactyla: implicações para conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-10)
Barragán Ruiz, Carmen Elena
;
Desbiez, Arnaud Léonard Jean
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1343726040328032
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
It is expected that species that live in highly fragmented environments and have biological characteristics such as specialized diet, long generation time and low fecundity, tend to suffer more from anthropic impacts, modifying their biology, ecology and genetics. Using a total of 581 biological samples from carcasses as well as tissue samples from living (captured) individuals of Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla, we performed: (I) the identification of the sex of the individuals collected, using two nuclear sequences (SRY and Zinc finger); (II) the temporal and spatial evaluation of the groupings of the run over points for the two species, using road ecology approaches (III) the evaluation of the genetic diversity and demographic changes of the threatened species, M. tridactyla. Thus, we found that there was (I) an 87 % amplification success rate in the method used, achieving the identification of 151 males run over for 82 females run over in the species M. tridactyla (2:1), and 128 males run over for 51 females run over in the species T. tetradactyla (3:1). Additionally, (II) we did not find temporal variables (climatic) that would explain the number of run over of the species, but we did find a seasonal pattern responded by the females of the species. A total of ten hotspots of running over were found for both species (five for each), however, the evaluation of spatial variables that could explain the hotspots was not explanatory. Models constructed with spatial variables across the landscape (e.g. percentage of vegetation) explained for M. tridactyla 27 % of the variation found, while for T. tetradactyla 39 %. Finally, (III) we found no signs of reduced gene flow and moderate genetic diversity (Ho = 0.53) for M. tridactyla. Additionally, we found a coefficient of inbreeding of 0.13 (p ≤ 0.05) along with signs of reduction in effective population size of the species. In conclusion, we found evidence of the impact of roads on anteater species in the central western region of Brazil and therefore we recommend that our data be used for the evaluation of mitigation measures in the area.
Delimitação de espécies e plasticidade fenotípica em microalgas verdes da família Selenastraceae: uma abordagem fisiológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-13)
Archanjo, Naiara Carolina Pereira
;
Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3939717793858445
Recently, discussions on conservation policies at different geopolitical levels have been widely debated. Species are the main indicators for estimating biodiversity parameters, playing a key role in biodiversity records. However, species delimitation is not an easy task. For some organisms, such as green microalgae that have a simple morphology and asexual reproduction, the species delimitation has been challenging. At first, taxonomy was based on morphological characteristics such as thallus organization and type of reproduction. However, for groups such as the family Selenastraceae, morphological characteristics are ambiguous at the genus level and do not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Other taxonomic approaches have been proposed for these complex groups, including the integrative approach, which considers morphological, molecular, ecological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. In this context, we proposed the study on physiological changes (accessed by morphological and biochemical variations) to help differentiate 10 strains from the genera Kirchneriella, Selenastrum and Messastrum, which have cryptic species within the family Selenastraceae. Thus, we evaluated the algae response under different conditions such as variations in temperature, pH and nitrate concentrations. We have shown that physiological responses based on morphological results is not enough (or reliable) to delimit species. Cell size undergoes relevant changes in cell volume under environmental variations, in which it can increase or decrease up to 70% between different treatments; whereas as the temperature increases, the cell biovolume tends to decrease in all strains studied. Biochemical physiological responses were more efficient in the separation of taxa and reflected the phylogenetic data available in the literature. Therefore, physiological responses based on biochemical results have been shown to be an extremely useful taxonomic tool for species delimitation and can separate all genera and species, corresponding to molecular data.
Plano de comunicação externa para uma unidade pública de saúde: o caso da Unidade Saúde Escola da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-13)
Souza, Gisele Catarina Bicaletto de
;
Côrtes, Mauro Rocha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8988613760967305
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9238229295920891
This work presents an external communication plan for the Health School Unit (USE) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The plan's proposition was based on an analysis of the strategic field of action in which USE is inserted - the public health network of the Municipality of São Carlos, in São Paulo, and the identification of its actors, and the understanding of their relationships . The theoretical framework presents the main authors of the field theory - Bourdieu, DiMaggio and Fligstein - and also concepts of communication, its relationship with health and the communication plan. The methodology of the work involves a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative research, developed through a Single Case Study, Systematic Bibliographic Review, Content Analysis, and interviews with different actors that make up the USE field. The communication plan proposes actions and products that can be applied by USE in order to consolidate its relationship with the units in the São Carlos network, improve communication between them and, subsequently, obtain more dense resources for the Unit.
Autoria, estilo e criatividade: um contraste entre os cursos de escrita criativa e o Wattpad
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-14)
Moraes, Bianca Barbara Rapelli de
;
Maciel, Lucas Vinicio de Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8779101339709622
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7090700287286655
The creative writing courses are becoming an important support for new authors because of their varied advice on plot, dialogues and other essential elements for a “good story”. Trying to discover how helpful these courses really are, we are going to analyze their lessons and, after, compare them with the concepts of style, authorship and creativity written by Mikhail Bakhtin. Not only that, we will also see how this theory is seen in practice based on some books we found in the digital platform Wattpad, where authors can share their stories for free.
A história da laranjinha: uma proposta de livro infantil sobre frutas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-14)
Coelho, Mariana Silva
;
Souto, Letícia Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9284280370140756
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962595274227565
Botany is an area of science that started very early in human history. It developed over the early centuries, but in the last few decades it holds one of the most boring methods of teaching Education. This scenario makes the socialization process between human beings and plants something basically impractical outside the classroom, which makes the process of assimilation and appreciation of the presence of vegetables in people's daily lives very difficult, which we call Plant Blindness. In Basic Education, the situation of Botany is not favorable given that there are almost no mentions of plants in the National Common Base Curriculum for this phase. Therefore, we thought of a proposal to bridge the gap between the teaching of Botany and Early Childhood Education, in the form of a children's story book, entitled “The story of the little orange”. The book was produced to help the teacher to start introducing the subject in a more playful way for children of 3 to 4 years-old. Therefore, this material was designed with the hope that it will contribute to the future of these children and the plants that surrounds us. The main objective was arousing children's curiosity for the plants that surround them and acting in scientific dissemination. The story was told to some students at a Childhood Education Center in the city of Sorocaba, in the state of São Paulo. With the results obtained, we were able to confirm that there are many gaps between the teaching of Botany and Early Childhood Education.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometrics: possibilities for analytical applications in food analysis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-14)
Gamela, Raimundo Rafael
;
Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0282229340916174
This PhD thesis proposes evaluation of the possibilities and analytical applications of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) techniques for the determination of chemical elements in edible seeds as bean seeds, pumpkin, pea, lentil, and cocoa bean. These seeds are important for diet of the Brazilian population because, besides dietetic fibers, amino acids, vitamins phenolic compounds, it contains chemical elements that play different rules in human organism. The use of the LIBS and WDXRF allow the direct solid samples without or with a minimum sample treatment, high analytical frequency, lower reagent consumption, which become attractive when compared with conventional techniques. However, the disadvantage of the LIBS is its lower sensitivity, high limit of detection and absence of certified reference material for calibration. Moreover, the elemental determination by direct solid analysis using LIBS and WDXRF present challenges due to matrix effects caused by spectral interferences, physic characteristic of the samples and self-absorption phenomena, which can compromise the accuracy of the methods. In this sense, different calibration strategies were evaluated for direct solid sample analysis by LIBS. Moreover, was evaluated the possibility of the use of hyperspectral images to characterize the chemical profile of the distribution of the elements on the seeds. In all cases, chemometrics tools were used for data treatment.
Estudo numérico-experimental da influência dos mecanismos na resistência à força cortante de lajes alveolares protendidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-14)
Sales, Marcel Willian Reis
;
Araújo, Daniel de Lima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8801080897723883
;
Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
The prestressed hollow core slabs present uncertainties regarding the evaluation of the resistance to the resistant shear force. This is because several parameters influence the shear-resistant mechanism of prestressed hollow core slabs, such as the loss of prestressing, the length of transfer of the prestressing force, the position of the critical breaking section, the height of the hollow core slab and the core shape. This work seeks to evaluate the influence of these variables through tests and computational modelling. The tests were performed on a slab with an non-circular cores and height of 200 mm, from segments cut longitudinally from the slab in order to isolate the rib, and thus avoid the torsion effect during the test. The concrete was characterized in terms of compressive strength, elasticity modulus, fracturing energy, and tensile strength. The latter was compared with the tensile strength obtained from bending tests on hollow core slab segments without prestressing. A series of prestressed segments were brought to ruin by flexion in order to determine the actual loss of prestressing. In addition, slab segments, with and without balance at its end, were brought to ruin by shear force in order to identify the influence of the prestressing force transfer length. A group with non-prestressed segments, only 1.0 meter long, were tested with a notch at a certain height. The purpose of this notch was to force a shear crack. A computational model based on the finite element method was developed, which was calibrated by testing the segments and the 200 mm high hollow slab, as well as a 160 mm high hollow slab tested by another author. From these computational models it was possible to determine the transfer length, the position of the critical section and the portion of the prestressing force in the shear capacity of these slabs. Subsequently, these analyses were also performed on a 320 mm and 400 mm slab. Also, in the numerical models, the prestressing intensity installed was varied to analyse its influence. Thus, it was possible to analyse the concrete and prestressing plots in hollow core slabs with different heights. The results of the experiments showed that it is possible to determine the shear force of the model with and without prestressing for shear tests in the segment. The presence of prestressing modifies the cracking panorama of the segments. Segment testing reduced the effects of torsion. From the flexion tests of the segment with and without prestressing, it was possible to determine the tensile strength in flexing the segments of the slab itself, in addition to the loss of prestressing. The computational models showed the behaviour of concrete and strands deformations, making it possible to identify the transfer length and anchoring length. The prestressing portion, in the resistant shear force, varies from slab to slab, and depends on the properties of the cross section and the eccentricity of the strand.
Análise do processo de conclusão dos cursos de graduação de uma IES pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-14)
Rosante, Evandro Marcos
;
Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0859345260059176
The Academic Registration Section (SeRA) has as main attribution the execution of the process of undergraduate courses conclusion of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). This process covers the activities of degree graduation and issuing diplomas. Adversities, such as lack of formal and documented procedures, result in setbacks that hinder the work of the servers and can lead to errors and delays. The objective of this work is to analyze and propose improvements for the process of undergraduate courses conclusion of the UFSCar. The present work was developed through the administrative approach of Process Management. The case study methodology was adopted, developed in six steps, with the techniques of document analysis, participant observation, process mapping and brainstorming. In step 1, the context of the study was presented, as well as the general and specific objectives, as well as their justifications. In step 2, the theoretical review on the administrative approach to Process Management and on federal legislation was elaborated. In the third stage, the Pilot Test was developed with the description of the organizational structure and the rules of the studied institution, as well as the mapping of the current situation (AS IS) of the degree graduation process, through the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). In the fourth stage, the mapping of all phases of the process was developed, as was developed the SIPOC model, to identify the inputs and outputs of the processes, and the Responsibility Matrix that helped in the identification of those responsible for each process activity. In step 5, 13 critical factors were identified from the analysis of the mapped processes. In the last stage, 13 improvement proposals were elaborated, with their justifications and presentation of the implementation feasibility. The last stage also showed the redesign of all stages of the process, generating the flows of the future process mapping (TO BE) and the proposal for the future design of the flow of the process of issuing digital diplomas. It was concluded that the process of undergraduate courses conclusion can be improved with the proposals suggested in this study, however, with the exception of the importance of the consent of the management of the University for a possible analysis and discussion of the implementation of the suggestions.
Eletrofiação de nanofibras de KBiFe2O5 com potencial aplicação em células solares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-15)
Melo, Guilherme Henrique França
;
Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4572506926485001
Today, ferroelectric semiconductors with perovskite type structure are widely studied due to the possibility of obtaining voltages higher than their band gap and to their contribution to the charge carriers’ separation due to the intrinsic polarization of these materials. Ferroelectric oxides usually have high Eg (2.70 - 4.00 eV), which allows only harnessing 8-20 % of the solar spectrum. However, the development of new ferroelectric semiconductors like KBiFe2O5 (KBFO) (Eg = 1.60 eV), has encouraged the application of these materials in solar cells. Routes of chemical synthesis, with reduced times and temperatures are essential, however, for the future application of these oxides in solar cells. KBFO was discovered in 2013 as an alternative to BiFeO3 (BFO) (Eg = 2.70 eV); however, until now, this material has only been synthesized at temperatures equal or higher than 650 °C, which difficult its application in photovoltaic devices. Besides, due to the high resistivity of the KBFO, recombination of the charge carriers is facilitated, thus decreasing its potential; this problem can be diminished, however, by reducing the thickness of the sample. In this work, the KBFO phase was obtained through two routes with a polymer as an additive (PVP), sol-gel synthesis and electrospinning, using five different heat treatments. The formation of the phase was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction, the presence of the phase was confirmed for synthesis temperatures above 550 ° C and the non-formation for the temperature of 500 ° C; the morphology of the samples was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, proving the nanometric dimension in the samples obtained through the electrospinning process; the band gap value was obtained through absorption spectroscopy in the Ultraviolet-Visible region (UV-Vis), presenting a band gap close to 1.75 eV. The work presented two unprecedented results: obtaining the KBFO phase at temperatures below 650 ° C (without the use of high pressures) and obtaining nanofibers from this phase.
Preparo de amostras refratárias aplicando procedimentos de digestão assistidos por radiação micro-ondas e análise elementar usando ICP OES
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-15)
Mello, Matheus Lima de
;
Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911429694446183
In this study microwave-assisted preparation procedures for decomposition of several inorganic samples and further analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) were developed. In order to obtain reference values, a digestion procedure using heating block with an acid mixture of concentrated HF and HNO3 was applied to achieve total digestion of the samples. This procedure was adopted for establishing reference values. In order to evaluate the feasibility of application of mild sample preparation procedures, 14, 7.0, 4.0 and 2.0 mol L-1 HNO3 and 30 % v v-1 H2O2 were utilized for digestion of inorganic samples in a single reaction chamber microwave oven. Total digestion of calcite, rock phosphate, Rh and Ru catalysts was achieved without needing of HF. Quantitative recoveries were obtained for most evaluated elements despite incomplete digestions, however, for few samples calculated recoveries were not quantitative. In order to evaluate the feasibility of HNO3 recovery from sample digests, two sub-boiling distillation experiments were proposed and involved the mixture of sample digests with technical grade HNO3 and the distillation of pre-evaporated sample digest solution. It was demonstrated that most contaminants were quantitatively removed and the recovered nitric acid provided accurate results when applied for digestion of two certified reference materials.
Efeitos do treinamento físico na adiposidade visceral, tecido adiposo marrom e parâmetros metabólicos de ratos Wistar alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-15)
Alves, João Manoel
;
Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5967275591258470
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that produces various metabolic disorders through the local and systemic inflammatory response occasioned by the pathological remodeling of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, the activation of inflammatory pathways and the constant obesogenic state caused by the consumption of high-fat diet changes the morphology and function of the brown adipose tissue (BAT), a notable metabolic sink that oxidizes different energetic substrates in the form of heat and contributes to the regulation of the body mass and energy homeostasis. Notwithstanding, physical training is a non-pharmacological tool capable of decreasing the negative consequences of obesity and maintaining the metabolic flexibility of different peripheral tissues through decreasing visceral adiposity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical training on BAT mass, visceral adiposity and on metabolic parameters of Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. First, male adult Wistar rats were separated within a control group fed a standard diet (CTR) and obese fed a high-fat diet (OB). After 12 weeks of obesity induction, the animals were subdivided into four groups: sedentary control group (CTR-SED), trained control group (CTR-TR), sedentary obese (OB-SED) and trained obese (OB-TR). The animals of the trained groups (CTR-TR and OB-TR) were submitted to physical training by swimming modality for eight weeks, in which each session of physical exercise was composed of 60 minutes of duration, frequency of 3 times a week, and intensity equivalent between 3 to 5% of the animal's body mass. The morphology of the epididymal fat (visceral WAT) was verified through histological analysis; visceral adiposity by weighing the deposits of epididymal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric WAT; the mass of the interscapular BAT was measured by weighing on an analytical balance and the glycogen and lipid content in the liver and soleus muscle were obtained using previously established methods in the literature. In the results, we observed that obesity (OB-SED) increased body mass, visceral adiposity, promoted adipocyte hypertrophy, deposition of ectopic lipids in the liver, reduced hepatic glycogen content and increased BAT relative mass. Physical training attenuated body mass increase, intraperitoneal adiposity, and adipocyte hypertrophy; however, was not efficient in reducing liver lipid content and increasing glycogen stores. Besides, physical training independent of the energy diet increased the relative mass of BAT, reduced the overlap of visceral fat on brown fat, and showed a negative correlation with the content of liver lipids. In summary, we conclude that physical training reduces weight gain and intraperitoneal adiposity in obese animals; however, these effects are not accompanied by changes in the metabolic flexibility of peripheral tissues in using fatty acids and glucose during cell activity. Furthermore, physical training and a high-fat diet are effective in increasing the mass of BAT, however, we do not know if this morphometric modification caused a thermogenic signature (expression of uncoupling protein 1 - UCP1) or whitening of brown adipocytes. Thus, further studies are needed to verify the biochemical and morphological adaptations of WAT and BAT in obese animals submitted to physical training.
Avaliação por RMN de alta resolução da presença de cereais não maltados na produção de cervejas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-16)
Esteves, Rafael Rodrigues
;
Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5523423303982070
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-1394
Statistics show that beer is the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the world and it is made up of water, barley malt, hops and yeast as main ingredients. The use of non-malted cereals in beer production is common to reduce the production cost, however the amount used is not declared in the labels. Typically in industrial production, barley malt substitutes are the cheaper sub products from corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). To know about the capability of NMR on detection of different non-malted cereals in beer production, nine beers were produced with different percentages of barley malt, corn grains and rice flakes. The samples were collected during all important stages of production and fermentation. The method was developed with easily preparation of samples, just being a dilution of the sample in deuterated water to avoid errors associated with this step. The ¹H RMN spectra were acquired in a 9.4 Tesla (400 MHz) Bruker® equipment, model AVANCE III, using a 5 mm BBI probe, with the pulse sequence NOESYGPPR1D, being acquired and processed in the Topspin 3.5 pl.7 software. For the chemometric analysis (PCA) was used the AMIX® software version of the 3.9.3 package. Using PCA in the ¹H NMR spectra, it was possible to discriminate the groups of beers produced exclusively with barley malt from beers produced with 30% and 45% non-malted cereals. This analysis showed that the main compounds and metabolites responsible for this discrimination were succinic acid, α(1,4)-glucose, pyruvic acid, and alanine. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the use of ¹H NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analyzes were able to discriminate with high precision the presence of non-malted cereals in beer production. These results demonstrate the separation of groups of beers produced with different amounts of adjuncts. Although the results are still initial, they demonstrate the technique's potential for continuing this study and other work that uses NMR applied to food and beverages.