Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-07-16"

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Avaliação por RMN de alta resolução da presença de cereais não maltados na produção de cervejas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-16)
Esteves, Rafael Rodrigues
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5523423303982070
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-1394
Statistics show that beer is the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the world and it is made up of water, barley malt, hops and yeast as main ingredients. The use of non-malted cereals in beer production is common to reduce the production cost, however the amount used is not declared in the labels. Typically in industrial production, barley malt substitutes are the cheaper sub products from corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). To know about the capability of NMR on detection of different non-malted cereals in beer production, nine beers were produced with different percentages of barley malt, corn grains and rice flakes. The samples were collected during all important stages of production and fermentation. The method was developed with easily preparation of samples, just being a dilution of the sample in deuterated water to avoid errors associated with this step. The ¹H RMN spectra were acquired in a 9.4 Tesla (400 MHz) Bruker® equipment, model AVANCE III, using a 5 mm BBI probe, with the pulse sequence NOESYGPPR1D, being acquired and processed in the Topspin 3.5 pl.7 software. For the chemometric analysis (PCA) was used the AMIX® software version of the 3.9.3 package. Using PCA in the ¹H NMR spectra, it was possible to discriminate the groups of beers produced exclusively with barley malt from beers produced with 30% and 45% non-malted cereals. This analysis showed that the main compounds and metabolites responsible for this discrimination were succinic acid, α(1,4)-glucose, pyruvic acid, and alanine. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the use of ¹H NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analyzes were able to discriminate with high precision the presence of non-malted cereals in beer production. These results demonstrate the separation of groups of beers produced with different amounts of adjuncts. Although the results are still initial, they demonstrate the technique's potential for continuing this study and other work that uses NMR applied to food and beverages.
Cure rate models: alternatives methods to estimate the cure rate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-16)
Rodrigues, Juliana Scudilio
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5189010086005005
Cure rate models in survival data studies has formed an important field in the area and has attracted the attention of researchers. In the search for new models of cure rate, the objective of this work is to propose alternative methods to model the cure rate. For this two methods are presented. The first use the methodology of the defective models and the last method use the concept the distributions family. Then, in the first method propose the defective models induced by a frailty term. Defective models have the advantage of modeling the proportion of cured without adding any extra parameters in the model, in contrast to the most models from the literature. Models with a frailty term incorporate an unobserved heterogeneity among individuals and this incorporation brings advantages for the estimated model, because it incorporates the influence of unobserved covariates in a proportional hazard model. It is showed that the new defective distributions are induced when using the gamma frailty term. The last method proposed in this work, is to use distribution families to calculate the cure rate. For this, a parameter $"p"$ is included in the Beta-G family in order to create a new family of cure rate models, the new family can be more flexible for modeling cure rate than the standard mixture models.
Home field advantage effects on decomposition of leaf litter in tropical riparian forests: effects of restoration age, litter quality and soil nutrients
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-16)
Oliva, Rebeca Leme
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Veen, Ciska
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5883865030300571
Decomposition of organic matter is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors. Litter quality, soil nutrient concentration and plant-soil interactions are major factors influencing this ecosystem process in forests at local scales. The home field advantage effect (HFA) has been proven to accelerate decomposition rates for litter at its own home when compared to away sites, and is directly related to the previously mentioned factors. HFA effects can occur in natural forests, but it is still unknown if it can be detected in riparian areas under restoration. Here, we tested if litter quality, soil nutrient concentrations and restoration stage (age) influenced HFA. We carried out three-way reciprocal litter transplant experiments to test the following hypotheses: (1) areas under restoration of the same age, but with differences in soil nutrient concentration and litter quality, will show HFA in areas with low litter quality and soil nutrient concentration; (2) areas under restoration with different ages, but with similar content of soil nutrients and litter quality, will present HFA in older areas, given that decomposers and plants had more time to develop close-knit positive relationships; (3) riparian forest intact remnant areas (i.e., areas not undergoing restoration) that differ in soil nutrient concentrations and litter quality would present HFA in areas with low litter quality and soil nutrient concentrations. Our results indicated no effects of HFA in any hypotheses tested, although we found some support for hypothesis 1 as there was an ability effect in one area and a trend for a negative HFA effect in another. Leaf litter decomposed very fast across all areas possibly due to heavy rainfall in the end of the experiment, so that labile litter was likely totally decomposed, which could obscure HFA effects. We also analyzed the results of the three independent experiments simultaneously to test the additional hypotheses: (4) soil nutrients and litter quality would affect HFA and (5) higher dissimilarities in soil nutrient concentrations and litter quality between home and away sites would result in stronger HFA effects. We found a relationship between HFA and leaf litter quality, and also a relationship between HFA and dissimilarity in soil quality between home and away sites. Also, the most dissimilar areas were the remnant areas. In natural ecosystems, such as forest remnants, plants may have more time to develop relationships with the soil community, in comparison to the riparian forest fragments under restoration studied. This high dissimilarity among remnant areas could also be due to the development of other complex heterogenous plant-soil relationships, established throughout time. Therefore, our studies suggest that although these riparian forest areas under restoration can cover large areas, the time after restoration may not have been enough to recover microbial communities and more specialized ecosystem functions.
O Modelo de Regressão Potência-Normal Logística, Cauchy, Normal e Gumbel para resposta no intervalo unitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-17)
Pedraza, Carlos Franklin Taco
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Cancho, Vicente Garibay
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503233632044163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2973922801961193
In this research a new statistical model is introduced to model data restricted in the continuous interval (0,1) . The new model is the composition of the power-normal distribution and the quantile of another family of distributions with the same support. The new proposal is a generalization of the model proposed by Johnson (Johnson (1949)). In addition, the new family is extended to regression models as an alternative to the regression model with a unit interval response. Also for the proposed class of models, we developed inference procedures from the classical perspective, based on the likelihood theory. Specifically, the maximum likelihood estimates are obtained numerically and we study the asymptotic properties via stochastic simulation and we develop hypothesis testing procedures for the model parameters and a simulation study is performed to study the asymptotic behavior of the gradient, wald, score and likelihood ratio statistics. An application for real data to illustrate the use of the new family is considered.
Linhas que separam, linhas que unem: percepção de fronteira na cidade de Cáceres - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-17)
Targioni, Paolo
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1337701018537707
The present study desires to investigate the perception that residents of a border region between Brazil and Bolivia have about the physical border that separates the two countries, as well as other borders that may possibly exist. Initially, in order to support empirical research, were analyzed the work of some of the most important border studies authors. Subsequently, we applied a questionnaire to young students from a university campus in the city of Cáceres (Mato Grosso - Brazil) and then, with the same corpus, were formed focus groups in order to deepen the understanding of the obtained results. The city has been chosen because of its geographical particularity: close enough to the border, so that its residents can get to know it, but also far, to the point that there are people living there who have never approached it. This characteristic meant that the population of the study was composed of people who know the border region very well and others who only have a vague and remote idea, often result of prejudices and stereotypes. Based on the theoretical writings of Sandro Mezzadra on the indeterminacy of the border as well as other authors considered as a reference on border studies, the objective was to better understand if there would be a difference between those who well experienced the physical border and those who do not know it, as in the perception of that, as well as in the perception of other borders (such as gender or ethnic-racial ones) that may eventually arise in our daily lives. The results achieved confirmed the difference in the perception of the indeterminacy of the physical boundary, between the familiar and the unfamiliar with the border, but did not provide significant data relatively the perception of other forms of boundaries. Another important question concerned how would develop the relationship between indigenous residents and those living across the border: foreigners. We were interested in understanding whether there was any difference in this relationship with foreigners between those who know and those who do not know the border, as well as between residents of an urban and a rural area. These hypotheses also were tested through the same interviews, questionnaires and focus groups. The final results, which showed no substantial differences in the relationship with foreigners between those who know and do not know the border, confirmed a different relationship between rural and urban residents.
Estrutura e ecologia trófica da comunidade de beija-flores (Aves: Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais na estação ecológica de Jataí, estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-20)
Silva Neto, Edvaldo Nunes da
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2911344454481529
Studies involving plants and their pollinators have recognized ecological and evolutionary importance. In tropical ecosystems, many species need these mutualistic interactions at some point to complete their life cycle. However, the dynamics of time can seasonally regulate interactions between species, as well as species richness and diversity. The use of the interaction network approach as an analysis tool has gained ground in ecological studies, being used for several purposes, such as testing hypotheses about complex processes that act in the structuring of the community and also assessing the relationship between these processes and community patterns. The study was divided into three chapters, where, in the first chapter, we addressed the theme of natural history and diversity of hummingbird species and their interactions with plants in the Cerrado and we obtained a significant value for the diversity of hummingbirds (n = 16). In the second part, our central objective was to assess the existence of seasonal changes in the hummingbird assemblies and to identify possible patterns of structuring these assemblies over time in response to changes in the composition and abundance of plant species that offer food resources, and we obtained as a result that during the spring it was where we found the greatest diversity of hummingbirds at the Estação Ecológica de Jataí. In the third chapter, the central objective was to assess the hummingbird / plant mutualistic interaction network in the EEJ and our result was that the network is nested, with low connectivity and modularity.
Tetra(tien-2-il)porfirina e seus complexos com metais da primeira-série de transição: síntese, caracterização, investigação da citotoxicidade e interação com DNA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-21)
Pereira, George Bueno Santana
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Rocha, Fillipe Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1517581573225226
Cancer is a generic term for over 100 diseases with uncontrolled cell growth. Each year, all cancer forms are responsible for millions of deaths worldwide and are the leading cause of deaths linked to disease. Therefore, the scientific community is searching for new compounds that serve as agents for chemotherapy. However, there has been a promising application of metalloporphyrins, as these substances have planar structures that interact intermolecularly with DNA molecule. Incorporation of transition metals can increase the solubility and planarity of this class of compounds, enabling different forms of interaction with the DNA double-strand. It is known that 5,10,15,20-tetra- (thien-2-yl) -21H, 23H-porphyrin (H2TTP) contains substituents in a meso position almost coplanar to the porphyrin ring, providing greater planarity when compared to meso-substituted analog compounds. Thus, in this work, porphyrinic complexes of zinc(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), and manganese(III) were synthesized using H2TTP as a ligand. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis, Infrared, fluorescence, and 1H NMR, as well as HRMS-ESI, molecular conductivity and elementary analysis. Data from spectroscopy in the UV-vis region showed that all complexes were able to interact with ct-DNA, obtaining a binding constant in the order of 105 M-1, indicating a non-covalent interaction. Changes in the electrophoretic mobility of the plasmid pBR322 were also observed after incubation (24h) with the [Mn(TTP)Cl] complex. Cytotoxicity of all compounds were evaluated towards two cell lines, A2780cis (cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumor) and DU-145 (prostate tumor). It has been confirmed that the [Mn(TTP)Cl] complex was active against both cell lines, A2780cis (IC50 = 3.45 ± 0.14 μmol.L-1) and DU-145 (5.28 ± 0.23 μmol.L-1) were more cytotoxic than cisplatin. However much, the other complexes did not demonstrate activity in concentrations at 50 μmol.L-1 or lowest. Analyzing the results, it can be concluded that DNA is not the key target involved in [Mn(TTP)Cl] complex cytotoxicity, which further opens up greater possibilities for biological investigation.
Ritos genéticos editoriais em pequenas editoras: relações entre mídium e curadoria na poesia contemporânea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-22)
Rendelli, Tiago Fabris
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Salgado, Luciana Salazar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1185334097225402
esta disertación, desarrollada entre marzo de 2018 y marzo de 2020, presenta los resultados de la investigación sobre el impacto de los ritos genéticos editoriales en pequeños editoriales de poesía en la configuración del estilo de los autores. Para eso, utilizamos los conceptos de midium, desarrollado por Régis Debray (1995), según el cual la transmisión de un mensaje se amalgama en condiciones materiales y técnicas, vinculada a una red institucionalmente demarcada, y de ritos genéticos editoriales, por Luciana Salazar Salgado (2016), que son los procedimientos por los que pasan los originales antes de ser publicados. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que los ritos genéticos editoriales influyen directamente en el estilo de poesía que publican las editoriales analizadas. Como base para este análisis, seleccionamoscuatro pequeñas editoriales: Penalux, Editora Moinhos, Editora Laranja Original y Editora Patuá. Se realizaron entrevistas con los editores de estas casas con preguntas que recorrieron todos los pasos que implicaron una publicación, desde la recepción del original hasta el lanzamiento del libro. En el primer capítulo, presentamos la discusión teórica, revisando las definiciones de los ritos genéticos editoriales, midium, estilo y los relacionamos con una perspectiva de los estudios de edición y del mercado editorial. El segundo capítulo presenta la metodología y las razones de la elección del editor para ser el centro de las entrevistas. El tercer capítulo presenta el análisis de estas entrevistas con las perspectiva de los teóricos presentados.
Armazenagem eletroquímica de hidrogênio: um estudo do comportamento dos metais Pd, Nb e V
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-22)
Bedoch, Audrey Marie
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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Zepon, Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
Developing safe, reliable, efficient and cost-effective methods for hydrogen storage is a scientific and technological challenge. Among possible methods to store hydrogen, storing it in tanks in the liquid or compressed form are not suitable for daily applications due to serious safety problems; unlike solid state storage. Several solid state methods are available, including electrochemical hydrogen storage. The electrochemical hydrogen storage in metals is one of the promising ways to overcome this challenge, because it can be conducted at low temperature and pressure, which brings greater safety and ease of operation. This master's work aimed to implement a pioneering methodology of studies of electrochemical hydrogen storage in the Metal Hydrogen Laboratory (LH2M) at DEMa / UFSCar, through the study of the electrochemical hydrogen storage behavior of pure metals, with different hydrogen absorption characteristics, namely: Pd, Nb and V. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were measured in an alkaline solution at room temperature, using the potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charging and potentiostatic discharging techniques. The electrode structures were evaluated before and after the electrochemical charging / discharging tests by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical behavior of the pure metals (Pd, Nb and V) and their hydrides are coherent with the thermodynamic prevision, where the equilibrium potential is related to the equilibrium pressure. Through electrochemical hydrogen storage, Pd, Nb and V hydrides formed after galvanostatic charging at -200 mA.cm-2. However, only Pd hydride was reversible, Nb and V hydrides were stable, probably due to the oxide/hydroxide formation on the electrode surface in the alkaline media, which hinders the dehydrogenation reaction.
A repercussão da BNCC na cidade de Sorocaba /SP à luz das teorias pedagógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-22)
Freitas, Carlos Augusto Amaro de
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Martins, Marcos Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8839910228731153
Abstract: the present work was developed under the methodological guidance of bibliographic, documentary and field research. Researching Brazilian education in times of change that guide its practice towards training people for the job market under the bias of a neo-technical education, the foundation of the common national curriculum base, was the research proposal, the specific focus was the municipality of Sorocaba / SP. The curriculum, in its historicity, and the BNCC were analyzed from the critical and non-critical pedagogical theories, to better understand the relationships behind the political, economic, cultural and social orientations that imposed the construction and approval of the national base. Despite its recent existence as a public policy for the implementation of a nationally guiding curriculum for education networks in Brazilian states and municipalities, we undertook a field survey to verify in loco, among professionals of the Sorocaba school space (managers, coordinators and teachers) , responsible for teaching in their formal curricular guidelines, as the base has been shaping the school in Sorocaba since its approval. Considering the short time since the base was approved, it was found to be insipid in its presence in the schools surveyed, including the lack of knowledge of BNCC as a curriculum advisor among the research subjects. We conclude that, in spite of the changes imposed on education, transforming it more and more into merchandise, there are perspectives and pedagogical orientations that face and keeps on the horizon the possibility of a transformative education that allows to increase the humanization potential of the people involved in the educational process, which proved to be forceful in the process of formulating the base, denouncing its real intentions.
O uso de luvas pela equipe de enfermagem em ambiente hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-23)
Rio, Caroline do
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7891300226953290
Objective: to characterize the adhesion of the nursing team to the use of gloves in the hospital setting. Methods: a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, where between August and October 2019, the use of gloves by the nursing team was observed in the performance of 396 procedures, in a hospital in countryside of São Paulo State of, Brazil. All ethical aspects were considered. Results: 32 different types of procedures were observed. Regarding hand hygiene, only 1.76% (7) was performed before the procedure and only 4.54% (18) after the procedure. The rate of adherence to the correct use of gloves was 60.1% (238). In other 39.9% (158) opportunities, incorrect use varied between reuse (18.43%), unnecessary use (8.33%) and non-use being necessary (13.13%). Conclusion: the use of gloves by the nursing team showed non-conformities in 39.89% of the times. The need for reflection is reinforced with teams and managers that go beyond knowledge assessment and availability of inputs.
Estereótipos da velhice e cultura organizacional: um estudo de suas relações em uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-23)
Blanco, Ana Luiza
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Zanon, Celeste José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9117512651101224
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5255634592306030
Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon that it’s becoming increasingly more representative in Brazil. Among the different scenarios to be rethought for this new reality, this study prioritizes a discussion about the Organizational Culture in a Long Term Care Institution for Elderly (LCIF) and it’s reflections on the Aging Stereotypes. The potentialization of certain stereotypes can compromise the quality of life of people who internalize such conceptions. Considering this problem, the purpose was to analyze how aging stereotypes, as perceived by the users of and those who work at a LCIF, are reflected by cultural traits of the organization. The study was conducted in a private LCIF and participated in this study employees and residents of the institution. It was used a qualitative approach, using the strategy of a single case study for a better deepening of the institutional analysis. Data collection was applied through the following instruments: Field Diary, Observations Records and a Case Study Protocol, composed by a Semi-Structured Interview. All interviews were transcribed. For the analysis of the material, the rules of categorizations, evidences, chains of evidences and conclusions were followed. The results demonstrate that the organization culture of the institution may be contributing to the perpetuation of negative stereotypes of aging related to dependence, cognitive decline, loss of autonomy, sadness, loneliness and second childhood. Initiatives that promote changes in the organizational culture are important strategies to minimize the identified stereotypes, insuring new ways of care and the social ressignification of aging.
A expansão de mecanismos de participação nos anos 2000: as políticas públicas de juventude
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-23)
Santos, Dayane Aparecida dos
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0652449358212111
The 2000s were marked by a series of transformations in the field of public policies in terms of focus, methods and objectives, accompanying a long trajectory of substantial social changes and political guidelines (these open with the inclusive and democratizing guidelines of the 1988 Federal Constitution). An example of this dynamic occurred with the implementation of participatory institutional arrangements that modified the relationship between the federal government and civil society, thus allowing the expansion of channels of dialogue and social control. These channels helped the inclusion of social groups in the sphere of political disputes and provoked a unique moment in the political history of the country, in which conferences, public consultations, plural arenas of discussion and deliberation expanded the protagonism of social groups and segments of civil society. In addition to innovation marked by close dialogue between state arenas and civil society, these arrangements express another form of public policy construction and a gap for the resignification of self-perception, identity and public image of social sectors such as youth (among others such as gender, race, indigenous people, traditional peoples, sexual orientation, etc.). This master's dissertation seeks to analyze the inclusion of the problems of youth (understood in the plural because of various historical forms of its definition and self-identification and also the plurality of intersections between various social markers such as gender, class, race, which perform it) in the decision-making agenda of the federal government from 2005. The National Youth Conferences are observed and the demands made explicit in them for the further development of youth public policies. Thus, the period analyzed corresponds to the context of the creation of the National Youth Secretariat and the National Youth Council and the three editions of the National Youth Conference (2008, 2011,2015). The period from 2005 to 2015 is a milestone. The central objective of the research was to understand how participatory institutional arrangements collaborated in the relationship between the federal government and the youth in developing public policies for this group. For this purpose, this dissertation contemplates various levels of analysis, linked to the change in political guidelines for public policies, the variation in the type and characteristics of public policies resulting from the expansion of the participatory democratic canon, the construction of new participatory institutional designs and, finally, possible gains in the agenda made possible by these arrangements with respect to the image and central demands of recent Brazilian youth. The work used as sources the documents resulting from the Conferences and publications of the Secretariat and National Youth Council, as well as secondary research on the profile of youth. The results obtained show that these participatory arrangements served to bring the youth closer to traditional political instances, as well as helping to absorb the main demands presented in subsequent actions by the executive and legislative branches.
Desenvolvimento de um sistema de liberação utilizando nanotubos de TiO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-24)
Dias, Lígia Cristina Camargo
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Ferreira, Marystela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478
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Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400
Titanium-based implants are being commonly used in the field of biomedicine due to their attractive biocompatibility and their mechanical properties that contribute to a better performance of the material. This dissertation develops a methodology for the synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes (NT's) applying it for the study in the controlled release of drugs. The previously polished Ti6Al4V alloy was used to form the nanotubular coating from potentiostatic anodization (25V / 90min) in a medium containing fluoride ions with the addition of a simulated body fluid solution (SBF), followed by a thermal treatment to form the phase anatase of TiO2. This system was used as a carrier system for the anti-inflammatory, one of the effects of the active pharmaceutical agent of the drug Ibuprofen. This drug was inserted in the nanotubes by the TopFilling method and its release was accompanied by visible ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis) for 7 days. Three types of samples were analyzed: Ti6Al4V polished (AT), after anodizing (ATA), and after anodizing and post heat treatment (ATT). Analyzes performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the nanotubes demonstrated that they have diameters between 54nm and 57nm. The anatase phase was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Wettability was investigated through the contact angle, which showed contact angle values of 128.5° ± 0.8° for the AT sample, 78.4° ± 0.6° for the ATA, 16.4° ± 0.5° for ATT, indicating the variation in wettability depending on the type of treatment of the sample. It was observed in the release system a difference in the amount of initial and final concentration of Ibuprofen, in percentage, being possible to verify the difference in the release between samples, which alters the release kinetics as a function of time. The variation of the Ibuprofen release test points to the importance of surface treatment to delay the release of the drug, which can be an important factor in carrying drugs.
Estudo espectroscópico por FTIR da conversão de etanol em catalisadores de Au suportados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-25)
Costa, Matheus Soares
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Marques, Clelia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
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Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746
In this work, an FTIR spectroscopic study of gold catalysts supported on monoclinic zirconia (with Au content of 2,5% w/w), was carried out in order to elucidate the surface nature of this catalyst in the dehydrogenation reaction from ethanol to ethyl acetate. In this way, DRIFTS-CO experiments were carried out to probe the gold nanoparticle, which proved to be sensitive to the temperature used in the pretreatment when new species rises when compared to the spectrum of the sample treated at 200 and 500 ºC. This result, added to the group’s previous results, indicates a possible reconstruction of the gold nanoparticle induced by the catalyst treatment temperature. DRIFTS and c-MES studies of ethanol adsorption in pure zirconium oxide and in the catalyst made it possible, by elucidating the active species, to propose a mechanism for the reaction of ethanol dehydrogenation to ethyl acetate on the catalyst surface: (i) Ethanol activation as ethoxide on the zirconia surface; (ii) Activated at the Au-ZrO2 interface, the ethoxide species interact with the gold nanoparticle; (iii) Acethyl species formation by the gold nanoparticle Hβ abstraction from ethoxide adsorbed in the interface region; (iv) ethyl acetate formation by condensation of acethyl with another ethoxide adsorbed in the interface region. DRIFTS analysis of ethanol was in agreement with the proposed mechanism. The effect of catalysts pretreatment temperature was clear in the FTIR spectra by analyzing the species formed in the ethanol adsorption. Furthermore, the phase delay of zirconia surface OH was less reactive at 500 ºC and are related to the ethoxide formation, first stage of ethanol conversion. DFT data of molecular vibrations on the modeled system provided theoretical FTIR spectra for comparison with the experimental signals obtained experimentally.
O celular na escola: desafios nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-27)
Grossi, Rafaela Thais Gomes
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Gregolin, Isadora Valencise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8500787684487242
This study aims to present and analyze ideas related to technologies in the field of education, as well as the cell phone use, as a mobile device, in activities in Portuguese language classes. For this purpose, a bibliographic research was carried out to support the discussion, in addition to field research, with interviews with two education professionals and observation of classes. Based on authors such as Kenski (2012), Moran (2018), Rojo (2012), Coscarelli (2017) and Mizukami (1986), among others, we were able to deepen knowledge about the conceptions about technology and information and communication technologies, as well as the educational area and its teaching approaches. Both theories and understandings arising from the data collected in the field led us to more reflective analyzes of the observed reality, paying attention to material, structural, technological and conducting aspects of Portuguese language classes, in contexts of cell phone use by students. Thus, the results led us to conclude that the referred mobile device can be of great use in pedagogical activities and that its use requires essential prior care, such as planning and clear objectives that guide the work of the teacher with students. Anyway, because it is the field of education, where many variables are at stake, we intend to contribute to the discussions that already exist in the area.
Perspectivas e desafios sobre a temática consumismo infantil: os olhares de professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-27)
Lamana, Isabel Cristina Alves Cardoso
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Rink, Juliana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5772465855816353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8694275447341019
Education for a conscious consuming and for a socio-environmental responsibility should be present in pedagogical practices developed during Elementary School. However, this theme is still absent in schools. This research aimed to investigate and characterize the teaching process with “child consumerism” topic in pedagogical practices of teachers from early years education in São Carlos-SP. Methodologically it involved field research that included the researcher's diary, documental analysis and semi-structured interviews. Two managers and five effective teachers from the 5th grade participated in the research. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique and the emerging categories were "the concept of child consumerism" and "the place child consumerism in the teacher’s work". About the first, the analyzes indicate that all teachers and managers had already heard about child consumerism, however they showed different views on the concept. Regarding the place of the theme in the teachers' daily work, the majority declared observing consumerist situations among students, but the work with the theme is carried out sporadically and punctually throughout the academic year. Some factors related to this are the feeling of lack of preparation to include the subject with children and the lack of time, directly linked to the priority given to the contents of Portuguese and Mathematics in the early years. We didn’t identify specific projects on consumerism in these schools and, although there are projects linked to the environmental theme in a more broad sense, such practices are linked to recycling and/or specifically follow the teaching materials. However, although the study indicates the absence of regular work on child consumerism in the investigated realities, all participants recognize the importance of discussing the topic with children. We expect that this work will contribute to the discussion of the pedagogical practices of the early years in relation to conscious consumption and encourage new research on the topic. The results also point to the absence of projects about this theme in schools, although there are some projects related to the environmental theme in a broader way. In this sense, our study indicates the absence of a regular work about child consumerism in the investigated realities. When existing, such practices are associated with recycling and/or specifically follow the proposals of the teaching material. There is a lack of documents and some curricular proposals that guide them to work on Environmental Education. We hope this work can contribute to the discussion of pedagogical practices of the early years of education, as well as with the promotion of new researches about this topic.
Grupos operativos: a construção do conhecimento mediante uma relação dialógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-27)
Oliveira, Junio Pereira Virto de
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Julio, Josimeire Meneses
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9128279234896842
Comprehensive education in Brazil is a recent trend, a process that is under construction requiring adaptation of the educational system, especially in its methodological aspects, thus there are great gaps in the understanding of how to operate in relation to it. Thus, it is necessary to bear in mind that the production of the curriculum of the integral school brings the challenge of placing the student as a protagonist in the learning processes. The study investigated the potential of the concepts of operative groups of Pichón-Rivièri as a methodological strategy for the development of learning in students of an integral school in the municipality of Araraquara-SP. Thus, the following research questions were defined: Can operative groups be configured as an alternative methodological strategy in a full school? How can the interrelationship between students guide the progress of a project? Is it possible for students to build learning collectively, producing new knowledge, enabling learning? As a general objective it was analyzed within the operational groups how the tasks were faced during the meetings by the students. The study was based on qualitative research, and is configured as an action research. The method used for data collection was that of participant observation, with the operative groups using mainly the recording of images and audio. Two operative groups were set up in which students were tasked with solving problematic situations culminating in the production of the online newspaper. The dialogues at the meetings produced rich material, enabling the analysis of the data through the characterization of the roles and vectors of the group process, making it possible to point out how the inter-relationship of the students provided a construction of new knowledge from a collective construction, providing opportunities learning situations.
Uso de geometria estocástica para analise e simulação de redes de comunicação sem fio multicelulares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-27)
Tojeiro, Mateus Komono
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Osorio, Diana Pamela Moya
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5374423182568583
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Galeti, Helder Vinicius Avanço
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3876752605313288
As the implementation of fifth generation 5G networks continues to advance in terms of developments and standardization, the requirements and limitations that these networks present and the key technologies that will allow the implementation of the services offered are becoming increasingly clear. One of the main characteristics of 5G networks is the fact that they are highly heterogeneous and with demanding requirements for reliability, latency, coverage and security. In this context, the present work conducts a study on large-scale multicellular networks. Specifically, the impact of co-channel interference on the downlink performance of cellular networks is analyzed for different scenarios. For this purpose, a study of the techniques of stochastic geometry has been carried out, which has proved to be a powerful tool to provide a unified mathematical paradigm to model different types of wireless networks, characterize their operations and understand their behavior. Performance analysis was carried out in terms of outage probability and the simulation-level assessment of scenarios with frequency reuse and in the presence of spies.
Desenvolvimento e validação de procedimento analítico para a determinação de elementos potencialmente tóxicos em alimentos infantis por ICP-MS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-07-27)
Bócoli, Daniela de Assis
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746158279009225
Feeding is one of the pillars of human health and is an extremely important issue, especially when it comes to childhood feeding. During food processing stages, these can be exposed to contaminants, both organic and inorganic. Inorganic contamination can be caused by chemical elements that present potential toxicity to human beings. Taking into account this possible risk and importance, several world organizations establish laws that define the limits to these potentially toxic elements in food. In Brazil, ANVISA published in 2017 a resolution (RDC Nr. 193) that specifically defines limits for As, Cd, Pb and Sn in infant food. Given this context, the purpose of this work was developing and validating a single analytical procedure for the determination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni, Se e Sn in powder milk, infant formulas, child cereals, and transition foods made of fruits, vegetables, and meat. A microwave-assisted sample preparation procedure in closed vessels was developed to digest the studied samples using 3 mL of concentrated distilled HNO3. Such efficiency was evaluated by determining the dissolved carbon in the digests. The choice of using concentrated HNO3 was also based on the risk of contaminations when using H2O2 combined with diluted nitric acid solution. For ICP-MS measurements it was possible to establish a single procedure to determine all analytes. It was necessary to use argon gas as a diluter in AMS (All Matrix Solution) System. This resource minimized positive errors presented for As and Se. The kinetic energy discrimination mode of operation was used for determination. For procedure validation, the LOQ’s were calculated and they complied with the limits established in RDC nr. 193. The linearity of the analytical curves proved to be adequate by statistical studies such as determination of the coefficients r and r2, residue evaluation, homoscedasticity, among others. Selectivity study for the evaluation of matrix effect showed satisfactory results for all samples, elements and concentration levels. Precision evaluation, which was divided into repeatability and intermediate precision, was considered satisfactory, presenting CV values below 15 % for both tests. CV’s values in repeatability ranged from 0.51 % (powdered milk, Pb, high level) to 14.8 % (Cu, infant formula, low level). CV’s for intermediate precision were from 0.8 % (Sn, high level, vitamin supplement) to 14.4 % (Cu, low level, infant formula). Samples recoveries ranged from 77.3 % (Hg, low level, fruit baby food) to 114.7 % (As, medium level, infant formula) proving the accuracy of the developed procedure by providing results between the limit range of 60 to 115 %. Finally, the measurement uncertainty was calculated for all samples and ranged from 7.22 % for Hg in infant formula to 29.67 % for Se in powdered milk, with precision parameter being the major contributor source to the combined uncertainty. The developed procedure will be implemented in routine work and it will make possible to meet the current demand of the Laboratório Exata.