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Identificação e classificação de áreas úmidas costeiras relacionadas à valoração de seus serviços ecossistêmicos na ilha de Santa Catarina (Florianópolis) – Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-03)
Teixeira, Marcela Ribeiro e Silva
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Hennemann, Mariana Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5417820950612976
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
The uncontrolled growth of the population occurs mainly in coastal areas, resulting in a new form of appropriation of nature that intensifies and change the characteristics of the landscape. The impact caused becomes dangerous for the conservation of ecosystems, mainly coastal wetlands and their ecosystem services, which even covering 1.5% of the earth’s surface, represent 40% of the essential natural services offered to humanity. The services offered include, among others: periodic water supply; retention of flood pulses and sediments; purifies water; aquifer recharge and groundwater. The conservation of these areas guarantees the survival and well-being of humans and the ecosystem. For this, however, it is necessary to have reliable information to generate public policies that keep them conserved. Thus, the work aims to identify, measure and compare the coastal wetlands of Santa Catarina Island within the boundary of the Jurerê and Ratones hydrographic basins, in the years 1957 and 2016, relating them to their available ecosystem services using the valuation as an indicator. Monetary value of these services. For this purpose, a dichotomous switch was made to identify the coastal wetlands found through QGIS, to later identify ecosystem services with the help of the CICES V5.1 system, and finally to value the services through the transfer of benefits. A loss of 33.86% was observed in coastal wetlands in the 59-year interval and consequently there was a loss of 38,523,225.36 (R $ / ha / year) in ecosystem services. To regularize public policies that value the conservation of the environment, it is necessary to understand how it works, what it can provide for society and how it has been affected by the demographic growth of the region. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify and classify areas of social and biological interest, their available services, and the negative impacts brought to the population, serving as an argumentative basis for their conservation.
Conditional independence testing, two sample comparison and density estimation using neural networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-03)
Inacio, Marco Henrique de Almeida
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Izbicki, Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1931901020027887
Given the vast amount of data available nowadays and the rapid increase of computational processing power, the field of machine learning and the so called algorithmic modeling have seen a recent surge in its popularity and applicability. One of the tools which has attracted great popularity is artificial neural networks due, to among other things, their versatility, ability to capture complex relations and computational scalability. In this work, we therefore apply such machine learning tools into three important problems of Statistics: two-sample comparison, conditional independence testing and conditional density estimation.
Estudo teórico de nano sistemas de azulenos: azulfenos, ANTs, poliazulenos e polinaftalenos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-03)
Costa, Alexandre
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López-Castillo, Alejandro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599181118729458
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4811445469385118
Azulene-based nanographene-like materials are predicted and studied to reveal the molecular properties of these new materials. C48H18/(G-48), C68H22/(G-68), and C88H26/(G-88) nanographenes and their isomers based on azulene molecule (azulphene) as A-48, A-68, and A-88 were studied to infer general properties for large azulphene systems. Nanotubes from azulphenes are also obtained and studied. The isoelectronic graphene and azulphene materials have significant differences concerning, e.g., electric dipole, aromaticity, bond length, and bond stress. In the present studies, it was used the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and including the version of Grimme´s D dispersion for the different spin multiplicities: singlet close-shell (CS) and open-shell (OS), triplet, and quintet. For example, the ground-state of A-(48-68-88) structures is a singlet. The UV-visible spectra of all compounds exhibit maximum absorption peaks attributed to the electronic transition π→π*. The IR spectrum of G-88 and A-88 shows an intense set of absorption peaks in the range [600:1700 cm-1]. The following IR frequencies could be used as an indicator of azulphene structures: 1124, 1162, 1436, 1542, and 1597 cm-1. The azulphene sheets have a non-uniform distribution of the electron density, unlike graphene systems, which makes them promising candidates for regioselective chemical modification. The nucleus independent chemical shift calculations show that the five-membered rings are aromatic, and the seven-membered rings are anti-aromatic similar to azulene molecule. Our study also showed that smaller diameter tubes based on azulene (C57NTs) might be more stable than their conventional C6NTs isomer. The geometries, the electronic structures and the aromaticity of the [n]-azulene and [n]-naphthalene polymers were studied, by using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the Møller–Plesset (MP2) Pertubation Theory, for the different multiplicities (M=2S+1): singlet (S=0, closed and open shell), triplet (S=1) and quintet (S=2). The ground-states of the [n]-azulene polymers were a singlet (closed shell) for any values of n (n≤10). The ground-states of the [n]-naphthalene polymers were a singlet (closed shell) for n≤6 and triplet for 7≤n≤10. The electric dipole moment of the odd [n]-azulene polymers varied with the length of the polymer chain, while exhibiting a local minimum for [5]-azulene. The dipole of the even [n]-azulene and the (even and odd) [n]-naphthalene polymers were null by symmetry, essentially as a result of the non-polar structure of the azulene dimer and the benzene molecule. The [n]-azulene polymers could be considered as semiconductors, since for the large chain, the HOMO-LUMO gap was estimated at 0.70 eV. The large naphthalene polymers perhaps reached zero gaps. All of the polymers had electronic transition peaks in the visible region and their maximum was red-shifted for the increasing chains. The nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations have shown that ring tension was an important factor in the aromaticity loss, as shown, for example, for the flat, the cycle, and the Möbius strip [20]-polymers. The Aromatic Stabilization Energies (ASEs) that were based on the homodesmotic and isodesmic reactions were also obtained.
Jogando meu corpo no mundo: relações entre "conflito urbano" e "acumulação social da diferença"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-04)
Cunha, Janaina Maldonado Guerra da
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7012273415372763
This dissertation aims to understand the relationship between urban conflict and difference in the contemporary São Paulo. Based on the ethnographic study conducted in a periphery of the East Zone of São Paulo, I discuss the grammars and normative regimes that emerge from the differentiation processes in operation in cities. I start from the idea that the categories that mark the difference guide the constitution of the grammars mobilized by the subjects for the understanding of social problems, in each daily situation. I consider that the meanings of these categories are disputed through social relations, and are related to the production of orders and formations of sovereignty in urban spaces. Theoretically, I propose a dialogue between two distinct fields of study: Urban Sociology and Studies of Difference. From this, I suggest that the urban conflict is crossed by a process of ‘social accumulation of difference’ from which more or less reified subject positions emerge.
Avaliação de matérias-primas alternativas com ação ligante ou sinterizante para concretos refratários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-05)
Consonni, Leonardo Barbosa
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Luz, Ana Paula da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470395641242374
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
Refractory materials are used as linings in most equipment of heavy industries. As the latter are continuously seeking to reduce expenses in order to increase their energy efficiency and productivity, the evaluation of binding and/or sintering agents, which would reduce time and temperature of thermal treatments, besides providing better properties to refractories in a broad temperature range (600-1500°C), has been widely studied in last years. Considering these aspects, this work aimed to evaluate the viability of different raw materials (calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, aluminum lactate, dead-burnt magnesia, magnesia fumes) as alternative binding or sintering additives to calcium aluminate cement (CAC) in refractory castables, as CAC does not provide a sintering effect to refractory products at intermediate temperatures (600-1000°C). The developed compositions were submitted to mechanical and thermomechanical characterization tests, such as cold modulus of rupture (MOR) and hot modulus of rupture (HMOR) after thermal treatment at different temperatures (50-1500°C), thermal shock (∆T ~ 1000°C), among others. Calcium carbonate and hydroxide did not provide an efficient binding effect (MOR 0.5-3.5 MPa), but their distinct sintering mechanisms (sintering-coarsening-coalescence process and CaO release, respectively) improved the mechanical and thermomechanical performance (MOR 8-40 MPa and HMOR 12-40 MPa) in a broad temperature range (600-1500°C). Dead-burnt magnesia and fumes provided a binding effect (MOR 2-12 MPa) due to brucite formation but sintering was limited in these castables. The mixture of calcium carbonate with magnesia fumes or aluminum lactate improved the green mechanical strength but reduced the sintering effect at intermediate temperatures (600-1000°C). These results showed the feasibility of replacing cement with the mixture of CaCO3 and aluminum lactate, what would bring economic effects with the reduction in the use of cement and the acquired performance.
Uma análise histórica dos indicadores de gestão dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-05)
Salim, Fabiana
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699426339290191
The Managerial Public Administration or New Public Management, has approached the principles of efficiency, effectiveness and effectiveness to achieve management results as an offer to society. In public education, these principles have also been placed on the agenda, in order to demonstrate the efficient application of public resources, as well as the implementation of public policies for social and professional inclusion. Performance indicators are a management tool to compare the results achieved with the established goals. The Federal Network for Professional, Scientific and Technological Education, responsible for the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, is charged with demonstrating efficiency in management, through 12 performance indicators, set out in a TCU Judgment, which must be included in the reports of management of Federal Institutes. The objective of this work was to analyze how the behavior of the proposed indicators took place, in a historical perspective, understanding the temporal evolution of the years 2012 to 2018, when the data started to be systematized, at national and regional level, and to verify whether the indicators are correlated. As a result of the research and analyzes carried out, it was found that part of the indicators have shown satisfactory results and shown efficiency in the application of educational policies at Federal Institutes. Other indicators showed results that did not a statement about their efficiency and effectiveness, demonstrating the need to review and reassess the set of indicators, their calculation method and the analysis of the results, so that in fact the results obtained can be used as management tools and not simply to fulfill a requirement of the control bodies.
Avaliação agronômica, físico-química e sensorial de híbridos de pimenta (Capsicum chinense Jacquin)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-06)
Martinez, Marcela
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Sala, Fernando César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6158658718343230
The consumption of Capsicum peppers has been growing, encouraging cultivation and increasing the demand for new cultivars with better agronomic and nutritional qualities. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic, physical-chemical and sensory characteristics of five hybrids and a commercial open pollination cultivar (BRS Moema) of C. chinense pepper. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment in a completely block experimental design, with six replications and six treatments. The data were submitted to analysis of variance with subsequent grouping by the Scott & Knott test at 5%. The F1 23 hybrid was one of the most productive, with the highest value of total fresh fruit weight, average fruit weight, productivity, fruit diameter, pulp thickness and number of locules. For the physicalchemical analyzes, the hybrids F1 10, F1 12 and BRS Moema, obtained higher levelsof lipids, carbohydrates, phenolic and carotenoid compounds, total soluble solids and fibers. The F1 12 hybrid had a higher capsaicin content (12.73 mg g-1), while in F1 10 and F1 21 this was absent. For sensory analysis, the hybrids F1 12, F1 17 and F1 23, presented, respectively, greater sums for sweet aroma and pungency, size, color and sweet taste. The hybrids were superior to BRS Moema, for most of the evaluated characteristics, presenting high potential for the pepper agribusiness.
Estratégias operatórias para a colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar: contribuições para o desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-06)
Freitas, Larissa Diniz
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0762341759642671
Introduction - The current production rates of the mechanized sugarcane harvest, below those expected at the beginning of the mechanization process, motivate countless researchers to make several quantitative methodological attempts in the different dimensions of the activity, in order to understand how the variables of the mechanized cutting process are correlated and how they interfere in the performance of the harvesting equipment. However, from a speech by a harvester operator: “It is the cane that shows the ability for you to walk”, the intelligence of the worker's practice in his/her activity is revealed, showing his/her fundamental role in the operational performance through his/her reading of the cane field. Objective - Evaluate how the technocentric and quantitative variables used in the calculation of the global efficiency of the sugarcane harvester are influenced by the operator's action, from the perspective of the ergonomics of the activity. Methods - Qualitative research, the main results of which were assessed through the Work Analysis of the sugarcane harvester operators under the Course of Action ergonomic method. Triangulation (observations and interviews) was used as data collection procedures. Twenty visits were made to the work teams of a sugar-energy plant, in which 17 were carried out on the sugarcane cutting and loading work team and the other three on the teams of fertigation, fertilization, planting and harvesting of seedlings, on different days of the week, in different shifts, varying between 2 to 9 hours in duration. On each visit to the cutting teams, an operator was accompanied during his/her work shift, from inside the harvester's cabin. Workers' courses of action were recorded in chronicles and then analyzed in graphs of tetradic signs. Results - The analysis of the courses of action revealed an operational logic that is imposed on workers by mechanization and, at the same time, hidden by the productive indexes. The operator perceives the context of his/her own work and the work of his/her colleagues to make decisions, prioritizing sometimes the cleanliness of the harvested mass, the fuel consumption, the losses of cane in the field and the loading flow in the transshipment; sometimes, the harvesting strategy, the number of maneuvers, the maintenance of the implements and the release of overflows. This prioritization of actions directly affects performance indicators, which can be calculated using the data indicated by monitoring software. Despite this, the OEE was not shown to be sufficient to evaluate the performance in mechanized harvesting, due to the limitation and loss of data; the extrapolation of what would be the active time; the disregard for the sugarcane productivity; and, the failure to contemplate the real conditions of the harvesting equipment and, not even, the operating strategies that the operators are submitted to develop to create satisfactory indicators for the plant. Conclusion - Because of the partial availability of the harvester, where problems coexist throughout the harvesting process, and because of the instability in the production of cane cultivation, which has variability that automation does not master, the operator is asked to use his skills to do your job. And, therefore, the greater this competence, the greater the possibilities for action to generate better indicators.
Mineração de regras de associação temporais envolvendo dados quantitativos contínuos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
João, Rafael Stoffalette
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0409203389633082
The consideration of temporality in a explicit manner on the task of association rules mining that involves continuous quantitative data is one approach that aims to contribute to the field of study of knowledge discovery in databases. The construction of temporal intervals from attributes of a data set also provides to the method to identify binary relations, which these intervals may have. This work describes the development of a new method, named ART-Q, for the task of mining temporal association rules which involve continuous quantitative data. The temporality is assumed, in the present work, in its explicit form, not only by data sequencing. The patterns that allow the rules construction are made of binary relations from Allen’s intervalar algebra in the temporal intervals that describe the continuous quantitative attribute’s behavior of interest. The method has proven being able to reveal implicit information in different contexts databases. The results are demonstrated by temporal intervals of interest of the attributes and their algebric relations, patterns and temporal association rules. The work demonstrates that the method ART-Q contributes to the evolution of the literature with the definition and search of a new kind of pattern, more complex than those present in the studies. By the consideration of this kind of patterns association rules are constructed semantically involving a large amount of information among the implication of the rule.
Uso de blogs na promoção da argumentação no ensino médio de Química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
Dias, Fabiane Elidia
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Queiroz, Salete Linhares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925870606416937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2694114368216564
In chemistry education, blogs have been used as a pedagogical strategy, enabling students to participate more actively in the teaching and learning process. This research aims to develop and stimulate argumentative practice in high school chemistry classes based on blogs and looking for answers to the following research question: to what extent did the strategy of using blogs help students develop arguments and what can be said about the structural quality of those arguments? In this perspective, four groups of students received instructions to create blogs on the socio-scientific topic of pesticide use. In all the blogs, arguments were verified that present data, justifications and conclusions, which are essential elements, according to the Toulmin Model. Furthermore, in all the analyzed arguments, there is more than one justification that, in most cases, is accompanied by a backing, indicating their good structural quality. Considering the nature of the arguments found in the blogs, the approach to questions about health, environment, economy and social aspects is highlighted. Therefore, setting up the blogs gave the students the opportunity to discuss socio-scientific issues, as well as argumentation based on posting comments.
Plataformas de TV online: um estudo de caso do Globoplay
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
Albuquerque, Danilo Mecenas Silva
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Meleiro, Alessandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295602368246392
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Massarolo, João Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
In the era of streaming services, the television concept has been revisited with every new screen device that appears on the market, with an internet connection. Online TV promotes the advancement of television distribution services and differentiates itself from social platforms, like Google, Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn, and content platforms, as Netflix and Amazon Prime, among others, by the variety of services that are offered and its closed infrastructure for viewing the audiovisual content collection, selected by algorithms curation. We intend to analyze the notion of Online TV, as a structure that meets the demands of broadcast television, seeking to observe the lines of continuity and ruptures between the Globoplay catalog and the TV grid, seeking to identify the particularities of the services offered by the “native television” platform.
Abordagem investigativa como fator de motivação em três cursos da área de Química de uma instituição pública do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
Teixeira, Francisco Márcio Barbosa
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Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2202709178357878
Laboratory classes have great potential to motivate students in science courses, whether to learn new knowledge or to demonstrate what they have already learnt. There are some ways of working in the laboratory and two draw attention: the traditional method where the student receives a script ready to develop the practice, and the inquiry approach where, among other characteristics, the student themselves develops their procedure, provided that they have the necessary prior knowledge. In this research, the inquiry approach was applied in three courses in the area of Chemistry at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo – Campus Capivari: two technical courses and a higher degree in Chemistry. Another important point in this research is motivation, which can be defined as what leads us to perform a certain action. We can be motivated to carry out the actions and the reasons can be internal or external; and if there is no motivation, we will not take the action or do it below our capabilities. That is why the study of motivation is so important in education. One of the theories that have motivation as an object of study is the self-determination theory (SDT), in which it is stated that there are basic psychological needs that are closely linked with intrinsic motivation. In this research we study the motivation of the participating students through the academic motivation scale, and mainly through a semi-structured interview, followed by a textual discourse analysis. The main conclusions were: (i) it was possible to perceive positive changes in meeting the basic psychological needs of students (autonomy, belonging, and competence); (ii) work as an inquiry approach represented a differentiating factor in relation to classes run by the traditional method (prior to the project), according to the students.
Processamento convencional e assistido por campo elétrico (Flash Sintering) de cerâmicas livres de chumbo baseadas em K0,5Na0,5NbO3: propriedades físicas finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
Zapata, Angélica Maria Mazuera
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M'Peko, Jean Claude
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8713770387750524
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Zambrano, Michel Venet
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4256279833398263
K0,5Na0,5NbO3 (KNN)-based ceramics are considered promising candidates to replace lead-based piezoelectric ceramics, such as Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3, which are widely used in electro electronic devices. However, obtaining KNN-based ceramics without secondary phases, abnormal grain growth, or problems with partial volatilization of alkali elements represents the main challenge. Therefore, in this work, a study was proposed to optimize the processing conditions of KNN-based ceramics with composition Li0,04(K0,5Na0,5)0,96Nb0,8Ta0,2O3 (LKNNT), both by the conventional sintering as well as by flash sintering method (AC and DC modes). Into synthesis of LKNNT was identified the K3Li2Nb5O15 composition (KLN) as a secondary phase, which causes porosity and low densification (90,8%). However, alternatives as to the addition of 2 wt% excess Li, increasing of the mixing and milling times (24 h), and the use of starting orthorhombic phase Nb2O5, allowed to obtain ceramics without secondary phase, and high densification (97,5%). The synchrotron light measurements in LNLS as a function of temperature showed a morphotropic phase boundary between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases at room temperature, with a proportion of 19% and 81%, respectively. An anomaly observed at 450 °C in the dielectric permittivity measurements was related to the KNN core-shell microstructures, produced by partial volatilization processes of the alkali elements, compositional inhomogeneity, and the presence of secondary phases. On the other hand, the mechanical and dielectric measurements showed the orthorhombic to tetragonal (TO−T) and the tetragonal to cubic (TT −C) phase transition temperatures around 100 °C and 325 °C for LKNNT, respectively. Flash sintering experiments were performed with the pellet-shaped specimens at 250 - 512 V/cm of electric field and maximum current density of 3 - 20 mA/mm2. The flash event for both KNN and LKNNT was attained around 870 °C. The Partial volatilization processes of alkali elements were observed in the DC mode, followed by the formation of K6Nb10,88O30 and KLN secondary phases. The secondary phases were produced mainly during the sintering process by the reduction and volatilization of Na, causing low densification in the material. Hence, the use of a DC electric field facilitates the formation of the secondary phase in the positive electrode (anode), and a sodium electrochemical reduction in the negative electrode (cathode). However, the use of an AC electric field allowed to obtain KNN at 870 °C for 90 s, without the presence of any secondary phase and with high relative density (94,5%). In the case of LKNNT, a hard electrochemical reaction between the sample and the platinum electrodes led to the breaking of electrical conductivity and low densification. Therefore, were suggested electrochemical processes between the sample and the platinum electrodes during the sintering process to explain the growth of Na2Pt and Li2Pt layers at 900 °C. This reaction causes the formation of an isolated region into the sample-electrode interface, breaking of the electrical conductivity.
Biomimetism of Brazil nutshell (Bertholletia excelsa)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
Sônego, Marília
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Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3460853436777584
For thousands of years, nature has accumulated countless possibilities for optimized solutions to engineering problems using limited raw material, room temperature, aqueous solutions, solar energy and renewable resources. Recently, this natural accumulated knowledge has increasingly being studied and applied to solve technical problems in studies of biomimicry and bioinspiration.One from many examples are the fruit walls of nuts and drupes which are of special interest for the development of impact and puncture resistant bioinspired structures. This project aims to identify and apply the principles responsible for the excellent mechanical properties of Brazil’s nutshell (Bertholletia excelsa) to develop polymeric composites with superior toughness and mechanical resistance. Firstly, the hierarchical levels of organization of the nutshell structure were identified through chemical analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microtomography (MicroCT). Additionally, the mechanical properties of the nutshell were evaluated in tensile, compression, hardness, and fracture toughness tests, at different length-scales. Moreover, the analysis of fractured surface was carried out by optical microscopy, SEM and MicroCT, identifying the fracture and toughness mechanisms developed by Brazil’s nutshell. Finally, the principles responsible for Brazil’s nutshell mechanical performance were applied to optimize the mechanical performance of a bioinspired polymeric composite. The developed composite is composed of a 3D printed structure of polylactic acid reinforced with 30% of carbon fiber (PLA-30CF) which was impregnated with syntactic foam (epoxy resin and hollow glass microspheres). The mechanical performance of the bioinspired composite is promising. It has density of 0.96 g/cm3, flexural elastic modulus of 2.52 GPa, and impact strength of 1.8 kJ/m2. However, adjustments and improvements in the syntactic foam are still required.
Aprendizagem de relações arbitrárias em crianças com desenvolvimento típico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
Kawasaki, Hindira Naomi
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461315225130927
Understanding and using socially agreed codes is important for daily tasks. Considering the peculiarities of the learning process of symbolic behavior, which involves control by arbitrary relations among stimuli, it is extremely important to produce knowledge on the characterization of how this process occurs, as well as procedures that facilitate its teaching. This study aimed to characterize the learning process of arbitrary relations in typically developing children between the ages of 3 and 6 years, and also to assess different procedures for the establishment of arbitrary relations and the equivalence classes formation. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, the learning of arbitrary relations among stimuli of four sets (six stimuli per set) was investigated, through two fading procedures: static and dynamic (Experiment 1). In addition, learning differences in the trial-and-error procedure were also investigated (Experiment 2). Of the twelve children who participated in Experiment 1, six children learned all the relations, two learned the relations for two stimuli sets, one child learned one stimulus set and three children did not show any learning. An inverse relation was observed between age and the amount of exposure to the procedure until the learning relations, independently of the type of fading. In Experiment 2, seven children (among the oldest in Study 1) were exposed to the trial-and-error procedure, and five of the seven children learned all the relations. In Study 2, also conducted in two experiments, the goal was to investigate the learning of simple discrimination with specific compound consequences of classes and the formation of equivalent stimuli classes in young children. In addition to assessing the possible effects of identity matching training (IDMTS) among the members of the composite consequences in the formation of equivalence classes. In Experiment 1, six typically developing children participated. They were ages 4-5 and were distributed in three conditions. All six children learned simple discrimination, but only one demonstrated the emergence of relations in the conditional discrimination probes. In Experiment 2, three other 5-year-old typically developing children participated. The three children learned simple discriminations and showed emergence of conditional relations in most of all probe blocks. In addition, in both studies, for children who tended to demonstrate the emergence of derived relations, differences were observed in the precurrent behaviors and prerequisites for both performing experimental tasks and establishing arbitrary relations. The results clearly indicate the occurrence of relational learning in young children, under certain conditions, and lead to new questions, both from the point of view of basic research and from the point of view of the development and evaluation of teaching conditions that can favor relational learning.
Modificação de filtros de ar condicionado com nanopartículas de cobre com efeito biocida para ambientes indoor rooms
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-07)
Machry, Karine
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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Bernardo, André
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
Filter media, as used in air conditioning system, are the first physic barrier between external environment and indoor rooms. To avoid the contamination in indoor rooms, one preventive measure is to contain the proliferation of pathogen microorganisms in filter media. The aim of this work was to do a physical characterization of a polyester commercial filter media, in order to visualize the visual aspect of the fibers and quantify the permeability. Present work aimed to synthesize copper nanoparticles, characterize it and impregnated it to filter media, aiming confer biocidal effect. The copper nanoparticles were synthesized by a redox reactionby two methods: using PVP as the dispersant agent and other one using starch. CuNPs were analyzed in XRD as it chemical composition, and in SEM coupled to EDS system to characterize it physically and chemically, respectively. In the end, the impregnation of the nanoparticles to the polyester fiber was done, one only with CuNP and another one with a pretreatment with HCl. Biological analysis with E. coli and S. aureus was done through the contact method between the bacterial suspension and the filter media. Present work also simulated a prototype of air conditioning in real environment aiming to compare the microbiologic growth in control filter and impregnated with CuNP, simulating an air conditioning system. The composition of both suspensions were a mixture of copper and copper oxide, corroborated with XRD and EDS analysis. The crystallite size was 37 nm to nanoparticles synthesized with PVP, and for those synthesized with starch, the value was 27 nm. Nanoparticles did not have a specific shape and was able to verify that those nanoparticles impregnated to filter media was responsible to the reduction of up to 99,9 % of bacteria. The analysis in real environment was done with the filter with pretreatment done with HCl and impregnated with CuNP synthesized with PVP. It was able to seen that the presence of CuNP in fiber filter showed a biocidal effect when in contact with airborne microorganisms, including fungi. With that, present work showed promisors results to industry, once the indoor air quality it is a public health issue. Several applications can be made with the impregnation of the CuNP to filter medias, including in air filtration of public transports, aviation and even in hospitals applications, as in lab coats, caps and portable air cleaning, aiming to reduce the contamination in those environments.
Interações discursivas, práticas e movimentos epistêmicos no ensino de relatividade restrita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-10)
Neves, Jefferson Adriano
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3749421379531019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6323444324286748
In this work, we analyze and comprehend the discursive interactions that emerge in the classroom during the realization of a teaching sequence on the concepts of space and time according to the Theory of Special Relativity, and identify the epistemic practices mobilized by students and the role of the teacher in this process, in order to answer the following research problems: Introductory classes in Theory of Special Relativity designed to encourage discursive interactions support the development of which epistemic practices? What discursive and epistemic actions of the teacher support or not the development of such practices? What discursive and epistemic actions of the teacher support or not the development of such practices? Epistemic practices are those that are socially organized, standardized and performed in an interactive way, in which the members of a community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge. In the field of science education, several authors argue that learning science is related to learning scientific and epistemic practices. The designed sequence for this research context was performed with students who were studying in the first semester of the Physics Degree course in 2018. The investigation took place in the classroom space, with all activities recorded in audio and video, and described in the form of a field diary. The written activities that were written by the students were also part of the process. With the collected material, we organized seven teaching episodes that were transcribed and analyzed using the Argumentative Processes and Products and Practices and Epistemic Movements. In order to investigate Epistemic Practices, we proposed a set of practices specifically related to Modern and Contemporary Physics. The proposed instrument is composed of 13 practices organized in the social instances of Sense Production, Communication and Knowledge Assessment. In the analysis, we identified the student involvement in nine epistemic practices. This process had a high degree of inference and the context was essential in distinguishing between practices. Another fundamental element in carrying out the sequence was the teacher and his actions throughout the episodes, which were modified according to the problem situation or due to the pedagogical objectives. In the discursive interactions, present in the episodes, we reconstructed 17 arguments that were influenced, to a greater or lesser degree, by the teacher's actions.
Investigação do comportamento mecânico de scaffolds utilizados no tratamento de fraturas ósseas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-10)
Liu, James
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Malavolta, Alexandre Tácito
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8477313173581967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8182373031517663
Scaffolds are implants used to accelerate the bone regeneration process of fractured bones. These components, developed in a research area called Bone Tissue Engineering, are designed to mimic human bone both in its composition and mechanical properties and are composed of biocompatible and biodegradable materials that have a manipulable shape whose function is to assist the regeneration of the desired site providing a temporary structure that facilitates cell union, proliferation and differentiation at the region and subsequently is absorbed and eliminated by the body after bone regeneration at the site. This study used the finite element method to investigate the mechanical behavior of scaffolds and the objective of the work was to compare the numerical results with the experimental data and to evaluate and determine the stiffness of the modeled scaffold configurations. It was concluded that of the two configurations composed of the same material, one having an organizational structure composed of cylinders and the other with hexagons, the latter exhibited a superiority in relation to rigidity and weight. However, the mechanical properties of the scaffolds proved to be inferior to those considered ideal in the literature, showing that the pure material studied is not the most suitable, but a composite. The need to refine the model was also seen, as a significant error was observed between the simulations and the real experiment, in addition to studying other types of loads to obtain a better understanding of the material's behavior. Despite this, it was possible to conclude that the finite element method is a tool that helps to understand complex problems with the ability to reduce time and cost in analysis, resulting in more efficient and less invasive medical procedures and treatments, providing a higher quality of life for the patient.
Caracterização microestrutural e mecânica da liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta produzida por fusão seletiva à laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-10)
Batalha, Weverson Capute
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Gargarella, Piter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
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Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that consists of a layer-by-layer fusion of a powder bed by scanning a laser enabling the production of full density parts accordingly to a 3D CAD model with complex geometry. Biocompatible beta-TiNb alloys have been specially considered as promising to replace the more conventional Ni-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys to be used in prostheses because their low Young’s modulus and their excellent biocompatibility. In this study, the main objective is to investigate and compare the microstructure and mechanical properties of a beta Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) alloy processed by SLM using three different scanning strategies: unidirectional (Y); bi-directional, 79° rotating between layers (R79°); and checkboard (CHB). We produced samples in a SLM Realizer 50 with a laser power of 129W, scanning speed of 0,57 m/s, layer thickness of 40μm, in argon atmosphere, using those three different strategies. We analyzed these samples in terms of density and porosity using Archimedes’ principle and micro X-ray computerized tomography. Moreover, we characterized the samples by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and compression and microhardness tests. All samples presented columnar dendritic and equiaxial grains of beta Ti phase, preferably oriented in the building direction. The oxygen percentage increased in relation to the starting powder, indicating oxygen absorption during the process. The samples showed greater than 99.5% relative density with pores of different shapes, sizes and distribution among the strategies. The EBSD showed samples with different textures. The samples showed high ductility under compression, without premature failure. The yield limit ranged between σ = 436 and 466 MPa and elastic modulus between E = 47 and 50 GPa. The Vickers microhardness values kept constant along the building direction (190 HV) for both samples.
Um estudo da mobilidade acadêmica internacional em cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos no âmbito dos programas AUGM, BRACOL, BRAMEX e acordos bilaterais de cooperação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-11)
Forim, Andréia Businaro
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Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3852615165970172
The internationalization of higher education institutions is an increasingly recurrent theme in the context of academic discussions because, in addition to being an impacting force in higher education, it is one of the most important challenges facing the 21st century. International academic mobility, a phenomenon that moves a significant number of students across borders, is the most visible face of the Internationalization of Higher Education. The activities associated with internationalization go far beyond the cross-border mobility of students, as it also encompasses curriculum development, international cooperation, staff development, among other aspects. In this scenario, this research aimed to assess international academic mobility in undergraduate courses at the Federal University of São Carlos, within the framework of the programs AUGM, Bracol, Bramex and bilateral cooperation agreements, from 2016 to 2019. Academic mobility international is one of the most successful mechanisms in preparing students to work and live in a globalized world, as well as in the acquisition or consolidation of transversal skills such as foreign language skills, independence, initiative, flexibility, intercultural understanding, sensitivity understanding, beyond international awareness. The present research adopted the survey methodology. It has a quantitative approach, and based on the objectives is descriptive. Data collection was carried out through documentary research and the application of a questionnaire to undergraduate students who participated in international academic mobility in the period from 2016 to 2019. The results obtained were analyzed and discussed based on the proposed objectives, confronting them with the literature. The analysis of the results was made through the Average Ranking (RM) of the Likert items within each category. Among the results of this study, it can be inferred that although the international academic mobility at UFSCar is expanding, from the weak spots detected through the questionnaire, it is possible to implement improvement actions to increase the number of academic mobility incoming and outgoing. It was also found that Latin America has developed its international academic mobility, notably through AUGM, however, it still needs to be improved, aiming to attract students from all areas of knowledge. The study also sought to offer subsidies for several institutional actions through the indicators presented. Limitations and suggestions for future studies are presented in the final considerations.