Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-08-20"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 10448

Programa Município Verde Azul na Gestão da Arborização Urbana em Araraquara e São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-20)
Nespolo, Cássia Conceição da Cruz
;
Peres, Renata Bovo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623132884943825
The theme of Arboriculture in Brazil presents itself as a research field that covers multiple areas of knowledge and diverse professional practices and activities. It is around this issue that this master's research is based: in seeking to analyze an experience, considered innovative, in the theme of management of Arboriculture in Brazil, specifically in the State of São Paulo, with the Municipality Program Verde Azul - MPVA. Research carried out on the MPVA highlights that there are few studies dedicated specifically to the Arboriculture Directive - AD. The general objective of this research was to investigate, what is the influence of the MPVA’s AD on the current Arboriculture management of the municipalities of Araraquara and São Carlos, SP. Checking the municipal actions carried out in the years 2017 and 2018 and the perception of the interlocutors regarding the fulfillment of the criteria and the current experience with the AD. An exploratory qualitative approach was used, based on the case studies of Araraquara and São Carlos. The methodological procedures were: bibliographic research, documentary research and semi-structured interviews. The documents and interviews were explored and analyzed by means of content analysis techniques, seeking to extract as much information as necessary to fulfill the specific objectives of this research. The actions carried out by the municipalities to comply with the AD are still very fragmented by criteria, with the need for planning urban afforestation in the municipality in a prior and integrated way. However, it was noted that AD mobilized actions aimed at Urban Tree Management in the municipalities studied. The set of actions that have been mobilized by AD, aims to strengthen the management and management in relation to Arboriculture at the municipal scale and are part of the MPVA's objective to improve the environmental efficiency of the São Paulo municipalities. It was concluded that AD has influenced the current Arboriculture Management of the municipalities studied.
Melhoria do tratamento de obstáculos na abordagem de agrupamento de dados espaciais SWMU clustering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-20)
Gallo, Gabriel Passatuto
;
Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2045501843408345
The technological has been improved considerably in recent years, providing the great benefits to several areas of application. Among these areas, agriculture had a great boost, enabling the increasing of the production and at the same time reducing costs and environmental impacts through crop management techniques, thus in this sense practicing the concepts of Precision Agriculture (AP). One of the methods used in PA is to design the planted area in smaller plots with similar values of soil and plant attributes, known as management zones or differentiated management units (UGDs). In this way, spatial data clustering algorithms are used to create UGD maps, in which they depict soil variability. Spatial Ward’s Management Units Clustering (SWMU Clustering) is an approach to spatial data clustering that enables the design of UGDs in AP. Its main advantage over related approaches is the significant reduction of stratification in clusters, obtaining maps of UGDs that are easily interpretable by the end user. This Master’s research investigated how to improve the management of spatial obstacles performed by the SWMU Clustering approach. In this sense, two new strategies were proposed: Replacement Strategy for the Set of Internal Samples to Obstacles and Buffer Strategy. These strategies were compared to the original strategy of the SWMU Clustering approach, showing that the Buffer strategy generated the best results. In addition, as a result of this research, an web application was developed for the SWMU Clustering approach, making it available as a service so that the end user can interact with the SWMU Clustering ap, from sending the input data until the visualization of the UGD results.
O habitus vestibulando para o acesso ao ensino superior em um colégio privado no sul de Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-20)
Guimarães, João Vinicius Carvalho
;
Rothen, José Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6123032649206705
The middle and elite classes in basic education constitute an important field of study for the Sociology of Education, although little explored. This research, has as theoretical precepts the work the Pierre Bourdieu, especially the notion of habitus, field and capital from his praxiological approach. Precisely it aims to investigate the performance of a specific habitus that expresses itself more strongly in the last year of basic education - the 3rd year of high school - aimed at training for entry into university education in a private school in the south of Minas Gerais. To this specific habitus we call vestibulando habitus. The importance of entrance exams for the Brazilian context was also discussed, the notion of school success and failure based on the importance of the diploma and the recent challenges of high school, based on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, applied based on socioeconomic questionnaires. and semi-structured interviews. Most students are linked to both the traditional middle class associated with the high level of schooling of their parents, and also members of the so-called “new middle class”, based mainly on the possession of economic capital, differently from the research hypothesis that said they were elite groups from the South of Minas Gerais. Thus, the flexibility of the vestibulando habitus becomes visible in the fittings of trajectory based fundamentally on the cultural capital associated with the social origin and on the volume of investments made since childhood.
Produtividade e aspectos agronômicos de tomateiros conduzidos em sistema orgânico e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-21)
Rezende, Renan Estevão Candido
;
Lopes, Paulo Rogério
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0354540389206559
;
Stolf, Rubismar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355
The objective of this work was to compare the agronomic aspects and production costs of two Italian tomato production systems cv BS II 0011 staked in a greenhouse, one in the Organic Production System (SMO) and one under the Conventional Management System (SMC) in winter cultivation in the Municipality Guaiçara / SP. The SMC and SMO of the different crops were characterized, addressing the agronomic and economic aspects, (soil preparation, planting, management, cultural treatments, pest control, diseases, spontaneous plants, productivity and height, and production costs). The agronomic variables analyzed were: plant height, weekly production and accumulated tomato production. The three variables showed significant results, according to the Tukey test, all favorable to SMC, in the same way as to the results of production costs and financial return. The survey of production costs showed similar values for both systems. Thus, to result in the same net profit, the sale value of organic tomatoes should increase proportionally to the reduction in production, that is, 50% higher. However, the experiment is in the first year of organic, indicating a tendency to reduce input costs, due to working in a balanced system, reducing production costs.
Neural networks for feature-extraction in multi-target classification
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-21)
Cambuí, Brendon Gouveia
;
Cerri, Ricardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0863602515011239
Multi-target learning is a prediction task where each data example is associated with multiple target-variables (outputs) simultaneously. One of the challenges in this research field is related to the high dimensionality of data present in multi-target datasets, and also the high number of target variables having dependencies among themselves. In such scenarios, it is crucial to extract lower-dimensional representations from the original input-space, such that these can be provided as input to other multi-target predictors. In this research, we proposed the use of Auto-Encoders and Restricted Boltzmann Machines as feature extractors in several multi-target classification datasets publicly available. Results were evaluated considering state-of-the-art multi-target classification methods and evaluation measures in the literature. The experiments showed that the neural networks were able to keep the predictive performance even when the extracted features corresponded to a dimension size equivalent to 10% of the original number of features and, in some cases, getting better results than the original datasets.
Técnicas para identificação de funções de bibliotecas em binários vinculados estaticamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-21)
Aisawa, William Akihiro Alves
;
Matias, Paulo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3792055796261017
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3802544990771669
Statically-linked libraries can cause the work of a reverse engineering analyst to get disproportionately hard compared to the work of the programmer who developed the software under study. This situation often arises not as an obfuscation tactic but as a measure to ease software distribution. For example, many malware programs designed for the Linux platform employ static linking to avoid compatibility problems when propagating to other systems. Many tools often used in reverse engineering practice, such as IDA Pro, Ghidra, Radare2, and Binary Ninja, have mechanisms that aim to recognize functions from these libraries, employing techniques that vary from byte sequence matching to the evaluation of control flow graph metrics. Works from the literature propose alternatives rarely adopted in practice, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive evaluation methodology. Besides, the techniques usually assume that the same version of the library used to compile a binary will be used to analyze it but neglect the issue of recognizing that version. There are also no studies about the impact of applying signatures with a different version than the one used to build the program. The present work studies these aspects on recognizing statically linked libraries by applying signatures generated from several distinct versions of the standard C language library and proposes a technique that allows fast recognition, up to 72% cases, of the version of the standard C library linked to Linux binary. This way, the work hopes to contribute to achieving better accuracy when recognizing statically linked library function.
Dicionários bilíngues português-Libras no ensino para surdos: usos e funções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-21)
Souza, Joyce Cristina
;
Stumpf, Marianne Rossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4624844037162346
;
Almeida, Gladis Maria de Barcellos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4046789388750478
Dictionaries represent an important tool in languages teaching/learning process. It is due to the scientific investment in the field of lato sensu lexicography, area responsible for elaborating the product “dictionary” and/or theories about it. However, from the research performed here, it was possible to observe how incipient the works which dedicate to the field of lexicography of sign language are. It is noticed that this investigation area is still in embryonic stage and, therefore, it urgently needs more attention and more researches for them to positively reverberate in the production of new sign language dictionaries in different spaces and possibilities of usage. It is assumed, in this work, lexicography as branch of linguistics which operates in two fronts, namely, practical and theoretical (or metalexicographic), and may be carried out from different affiliations. Thus, this is a qualitative research, of exploratory nature, and it is characterized as a metalexicographic study, focusing on the use of the dictionary and on the necessities of the users. It dialogues with the bilingual and the pedagogical lexicography, two investigation lines anchored in the lexicography great area, intersecting with deaf people education. It is interesting for this work to investigate what contribution a dictionary could give to the didactic-pedagogical demands and the demands of learning the Portuguese language as a non-native language in deaf people’s basic education. Regarding the public policies which advocate the bilingual teaching for deaf people and the legislations which endorse this practice, it is said that the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), because it is the constitution language of the deaf individual, must be taught as the first language and the Portuguese must be ministered as the second language in the written modality. However, concerning the Portuguese language teaching for non-native students, as it is the case with deaf people, it is necessary to pay attention to linguistic rights and to the accessibility in the materials made available as pedagogical support. Because there are no school dictionaries directed to this audience, there is just the possibility to use standard lexicographic works which involve the Portuguese-Libras linguistic pair. In this sense, this study has as specific objectives: i) to investigate if there is and how Portuguese-Libras dictionaries are used, as well as their respective functions in the context of teaching of Portuguese as L2 for deaf people in Elementary School (do sexto ao nono ano) in schools or educational bilingual programs in the teachers’ perspective, understanding the teacher as essential and indispensable part in the presentation of the dictionary to students and in the mediation of its use in and out of the classroom; ii) to identify which dictionary or dictionaries is/are preferably indicated and used by these teachers and the reasons which make them choose such dictionary rather than others. In order to reach the proposed objectives, two instruments were used, a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, aiming to obtain the necessary and sufficient data to subsidize this study, which counted on the participation of four bilingual teachers, who responded to the instruments based on their beliefs, experiences and classroom practices in teaching Portuguese as L2 for deaf people. The obtained data were organized by analysis categories and were qualitatively examined, separated according to their origin instrument. The results point out that both dictionaries and other devices are used in the classroom to help the Portuguese as a second language teaching-learning process, however, due to some limitations presented in the existing lexicographic works, the teachers end up developing their own strategies, involving the deaf students, to create customized materials according to these students’ educational and learning necessities. From the contributions given by the participants, it is possible to conclude that the field of lexicography still has a lot to dialogue with the field of deaf people education, mainly regarding the teaching of Portuguese as a second language, in a way to think of a typology of dictionaries suitable for this setting and for the necessities of the final consumer of this product, the deaf students.
Vídeo educacional como instrumento de aprendizagem da técnica de higiene bucal em pacientes intubados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-21)
Silva, Kellyn Patricia da
;
Sampaio, Sueli Fatima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
;
Machado, Regimar Carla
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987
Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) affects percentage significant impact of patients using invasive mechanical ventilation, promoting adverse effects on and often fatal outcomes resulting from lung injury due to its prolonged use. Oral hygiene is a mediating care and of paramount importance prevention of pneumonia in these patients, but when performed in a manner that is inadequate, the oral cavity becomes a focus of colonization contributing to the development of VAP and consequent increase in patient criticality, expanding the probability of complications. However, discernment on how to perform this technique of is scarce and absent in the training of health professionals, causing them to this care is not often carried out in the appropriate manner or prioritized in the patient care. Information and communication technologies make it possible to training of these professionals in the search for knowledge and improvement in the care provided to the patient. Objective: To develop a learning tool through a video training of health professionals in the proper performance of the hygiene technique patients on mechanical ventilation hospitalized in intensive care units. Method: This is a methodological study of the development of the object of Learning. The proposition for the construction of the video is based on the literature and has been composed of 3 stages: Pre-production, construction of the script, synopsis, argument; Production: preparation of the environment, rehearsal with the actresses, development of the narration, choice of positioning and filming of the scenes; Post-production: editing of the scenes, introduction of images and adjustment of the narration. Results: An educational video was obtained with the offer of a safe tool for health professionals in carrying out the oral hygiene. Seven scenes consisting of images were elaborated together with the from the preparation of the environment to the outcome as the annotation in Chart. Conclusion: The product of this study represents an innovative strategy of training, based on the best scientific evidence, and may direct the actions of the health professionals in performing oral hygiene for critically ill patients using mechanical ventilation, since it allows the acquisition of knowledge and underpins the Assistance.
Efeitos da mudança climática na distribuição potencial e áreas que protegem dois marsupiais neotropicais associados a ambientes aquáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-21)
Ribeiro-Souza, Paula Danyelle
;
Graipel, Maurício Eduardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3039321868126712
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
The contraction of suitable habitat due to the effects of climate change can result in a species becoming susceptible to extinction. Faced with this, protect areas are fundamental for conservation and management of biodiversity in the scenario of climate change. We address these issues using the ensemble technique to generate potential distribution models for Chironectes minimus and Lutreolina crassicaudata, accounting for the effects of climate change for the present-day and the future scenarios (2050). We selected these target species because their occurrence covers habitats of great relevance for biodiversity conservation, such as river ecosystems. Therefore, the protection of C. minimus and L. crassicaudata by Strictly Protected Areas (SPAs) was evaluated in both present-day and future scenarios. In light of our models, we recommend priority areas for the conservation of both species for our future scenario, emphasizing the establishment of conservation efforts across national boundaries. The results of this study suggest that both species will suffer a significant restriction of their potential distributions by 2050, resulting in the likelihood of their becoming threatened or extinct in some countries. Our models predict that the loss of suitable areas will be greater for C. minimus, leaving only 41% stable area. Our models suggest that the current system of SPAs in the Neotropical region, with relation to the stable areas of climatic suitability, is insufficient to protect L. crassicaudata, with only 3.4% of its potential distribution area present-day and 3.97% in the future within their boundaries. Our predicted distributional responses of these two marsupials to climate change suggest strong impacts on the overall protection of biodiversity in aquatic environments in the Neotropical region. We highly recommend the prioritized planning implementation of transboundary SPAs in stable areas of species distribution in order to maintain the appropriate climatic conditions for the persistence of these marsupials and the ecosystems with which they are associated.
Análise dos pontos de convergência entre tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 e práticas Lean Seis Sigma em processos de manufatura: um estudo multicasos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-21)
Sordan, Juliano Endrigo
;
Pimenta, Marcio Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3026927581342826
;
Oprime, Pedro Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
The literature on operational excellence recognizes that the Lean Six Sigma approach can promote the continuous improvement of business processes in terms of quality, cost, and speed. On the other hand, the recent paradigm of Industry 4.0 has been creating challenges and opportunities regarding the adoption of digital technologies in manufacturing processes and connecting the physical world to the virtual world through Cyber-physical Systems. Although the literature presents studies that integrate practices isolated from Lean Manufacturing or Six Sigma approaches with specific technologies from Industry 4.0, the systemic integration between these elements still represents an important theoretical gap. This thesis aims to analyze the points of convergence between technologies of industry 4.0 and Lean Six Sigma practices in manufacturing processes. To this end, a systematic literature review was carried out, giving rise to a conceptual research analysis structure that brings together thirteen points of convergence. This structure covers five categories of analysis directly related to research questions: points of convergence, information technology requirements, automation requirements, competence requirements, and results. In order to validate this structure, a multi-case study was conducted involving two companies in the automotive sector, with experience in Lean Six Sigma practices, whose manufacturing processes demonstrated evidence of conversion to the Industry 4.0 model. The research approach combined qualitative and quantitative techniques and made it possible to measure the perceptions of interviewees, as well as the analysis of internal documents and on-site observations. The empirical evidence highlighted the most expressive points of contact in these organizations and allowed the establishment of theoretical propositions. As a practical contribution, this study may assist in development of digital transformation strategies within the scope of operational excellence initiatives.
Modelos dinâmicos aplicados a sistemas de manufatura utilizando grafos de ligação: proposta de modificações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-24)
Maluf, Arthur Sarro
;
Sagawa, Juliana Keiko
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549481623896786
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8495817893158097
Companies compete in a fierce market, where the main focus is consumer satisfaction, forcing them to respond dynamically to market changes and instabilities. Due to these factors, more accurate, adaptable, robust and exploitable models are needed to represent these production systems. In this way, the present study analyzes dynamic models applied to manufacturing using the bond graph method. The aim is to present a detailed comparative analysis, discussing the variables used in the models, the mathematical equation and the context of their application. From the analysis of existing models, a model was taken as a basis. The chosen model uses a source of effort, represented by a minimum function, which introduces non-linearity and makes the design of controllers difficult. The effort variable has no physical meaning and becomes null due to the infinite capacities of the stocks, also making the transfer of power between the elements null, which is the main feature of the approach. The new equations for the model limit the capacities of the stocks, allowing the transfer of power between the elements and the use of the minimum function is not necessary. The systematic and extensive search carried out in the literature showed that models based on bond graphs with application in manufacturing are scarce. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the development of future works in this line of research. The manufacturing and operations management area benefits from this type of approach, which allows the use of control theory tools for dynamic analysis and for proposing prescriptive management guidelines from the simulation of closed-loop systems. In relation to other approaches used in the modeling of production systems, the bond graph approach stands out for its modularity, which allows the integration of different systems, subsystems and components. This, in turn, allows the representation of different configurations of production systems (e.g. flow shop, job shop).
Estudo sobre o desempenho de válvulas não-mecânicas como alimentadores de biomassa residual de borra de café em reatores de leito pneumático circulante: experimentação e modelagem via CFD-TFM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-24)
Sousa, Lucas Massaro
;
Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6375928540784651
The continuous and stable feeding of particulate solids to reactors is essential for energy cogeneration in industrial processes, for example, by using biomass residues. Nevertheless, flow instabilities and blockage of mechanical feeder’s moving parts are commonly reported with these materials, which jeopardizes the process’ performance, automation, and safety. This study is aimed at evaluating the performance of non-mechanical devices (an L-valve and a spouted bed) to promote the feeding of spent coffee grounds to circulating fluidized bed (CFB) units. The physical and flow properties were determined for dry spent coffee grounds with mean sizes between 225 and 550 μm, as well as for samples with moisture content up to 60%. Some of the properties determined were the true, apparent, and bulk densities, minimum fluidization velocity, Hausner ratio, static and dynamic repose angle, and effective internal friction angle. Then, feeding experiments using both feeders were carried out at pilot-scale CFB reactors (riser diameter and height of 21 mm and 2 m), available at the Drying Center/UFSCar. The fluid dynamics of the systems with spent coffee grounds was assessed by pressure and solids flowrate (Ws) measurements under different operating conditions, such as different air flowrates in the riser and feeder, as well as with different distances between the riser and air inlets with the spouted bed. The solids flowrate with the L-valve lies between 0.6 and 10.0 g/s, while it ranges from 1.2 to 11.0 g/s with the spouted bed feeder. The pressure measured at the feeders and Ws were accurately related by linear equations. The feeders’ performance was related to the samples’ properties, then flow instabilities and lower values of Ws were observed for samples with poorer flowability. Overall, the spouted bed exhibited improved performance and flexibility than the L-valve in handling dry and wet spent coffee grounds to the CFB unit. The experimental data was used to validate simulations based on computational fluid dynamics with the Two-Fluid model (TFM) approach. The difference between experimental and simulated solids flowrate was less than 20% for different operating conditions with the feeders. From the validated TFM simulations, details on the gas-solid flow dynamics in the feeders and riser were verified by means of volume fraction contours, and velocity vectors for gas and solid phases. Finally, new operating conditions and different feeder and riser geometries were numerically investigated for the spouted bed feeder, and the maximum solid flowrate could be increased from 11 to 30 g/s. The simulations proved to be reliable and cost-effective tools to optimize spent coffee grounds handling or to implement the feeders in larger-scale commercial applications.
Mudanças identificáveis no nível de Hemerobia resultantes da dinâmica do uso da terra na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Grande Comitán (Chiapas, México). uma análise do período 1999-2019
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-24)
Aguilar López, Flor Magali
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1545330182318071
The intensification of agricultural and non-agricultural anthropic uses in a watershed generates a high dependence on the consumption of local natural resources, in contrast to the increase in the condition of hemeroby and the reduction of the capacity for self-regulation, due to the decline in naturalness. This research evaluated the changes in the hemeroby levels resulting from the land use and cover dynamic, using the Index Distance to Nature (D2N) as a tool for the environmental monitoring and planning of the Rio Grande Comitán watershed (Chiapas, Mexico), over the 20-year period (1999 - 2019). The classification and quantification of the land use and cover of the watershed were obtained based on the images Land-Sat-5 (1999 and 2009) and Land-Sat 8 (2019), through the Semi-automatic Classification module in ArcGis software 10.5. The total area of the land uses natural class (native vegetation, wetlands and riparian forest) reduced, in contrast to the increase in anthropic agricultural use (agriculture and bare soil), as the most representative land use class, over the 20-year period (1999 to 2019). Five (5) hemeroby levels were identified for the Rio Grande Comitán watershed, with some adaptations to contemplate the biotic and cultural local characteristics, whose quantitative variations in the areas evidenced the anthropogenic pattern trajectory, over the period 20 years. This scenario resulted from the increase of the areas of the Cultural hemeroby level (agriculture and bare soil), Artificial (urban area and road network) and Artificial with natural elements (rural settlements, mining and airport), in contrast to the reduction of the areas of the Near to Natural hemeroby level (natural areas and aquatic environments) and Altered hemeroby level (pastures), over the period of 20 years. The analysis of the land use transition matrix, between the years 1999 - 2009/2009 - 2019, and 1999 - 2019, showed that, over the period of 20 years, about 40% of the total watershed area remained with the same spatial composition of land uses. In the remaining total area (60%), the main transition values were represented by the reduction of the areas of the hemeroby level Near to Natural and Altered, and a consequent increase in the areas of Cultural and Artificial / Artificial with natural elements hemeroby levels. The results of the Index Distance to Nature(D2N), over the 20-year period, confirmed the dynamics of the anthropization process of the Rio Grande Comitán watershed, in which the Near to Natural landscape was reduced and replaced by an anthropogenic landscape, related to the expansion of agriculture and urbanization. The D2N values, over the 20-year period, for the watershed area and for the municipal territories of Comitán de Domíngez, La Independencia and La Trinitária proved to be easy to understand and interpret, in addition to enabling comparative conditions in the international and national context, since the index calculation is related to land use values with different themes and at different spatial scales. The D2N demonstrated the potential to support the decision-making process regarding the environmental planning and monitoring of the watershed, adding the issue of developing a sustainable land use policy. The quantitative spatio-temporal analysis of the dynamics of D2N values, grouped into three and five categories, showed the main changes in the trajectory of anthropic activities that occurred in the Rio Grande Comitán watershed, in the period of 20 years. Particularly, for the 0.35 - 1 range, corresponding to human activities associated with agriculture and urbanization. Quite peculiar to the fraction of urbanization related to the performance of rural settlements (Ejidos), in the form of spaces legally instituted for the effective insertion of campesino and indigenous communities, as part of the history of the issue of land tenure. The reported scenario indicates a trend towards the watershed sustainability, over time, due to the gradual and continuous reduction of naturalness, over the 20-year period. The dynamics of the watershed anthropogenic pattern proves to be extremely dependent on agricultural development policies, as well as on the historical and social context of land tenure in the Rio Grande Comitán watershed region.
Experiência de parto de mulheres com gestação de alto risco e em programa de visitação domiciliar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-25)
Sousa, Maria Aparecida Gracélia
;
Bussadori, Jamile Claro de Castro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549657176930635
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2138047342369378
In the current obstetric context, much has been discussed about ways of being born, given how impactful and transforming this event is in the lives of women and their families, and in society. Despite many advances, perinatal care is still centered on the biomedical and technocratic model, characterized by the primacy of technology over human relations, with little interest and respect for the values of women and of the family. Such a reality gives women a subordinate role before the system, especially in situations of greater vulnerability, as in the case of gestating and giving birth in the condition of high gestational risk. The present study, qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, aimed to analyze the repercussion of a home visitation program, as a complementary action to high-risk prenatal care, on the positive childbirth experience of women. The World Health Organization's positive experience in childbirth was listed as a conceptual basis and Bardin's thematic analysis was the methodological reference. Data collection took place in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo, from January to September 2019, through home visits to high-risk pregnant women, followed by individual and open interviews. The study had seven participants. Two thematic categories were elaborated, namely: "The birth of childbirth", "The prenatal delivery and home visits". The results showed that receiving the visit was an effective complement in the prenatal period, which had an impact on the personal empowerment of women in order to cope with adverse pregnancy situations and facilitated their experience in childbirth in the face of a high-risk pregnancy.
Síntese de compostos C2+ a partir de CO2 e H2O aplicando materiais de Cu e Cu-Zn: estudos na catálise heterogênea em fase gasosa e eletrocatálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-25)
Silva, Alisson Henrique Marques da
;
Gomes, Janaina Fernandes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168
;
Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
Strategies aimed at recycling of CO2 in producing chemicals and fuels are needed to reduce the environmental impacts caused by this gas and attend the industrial interests. Among the all applied strategies, we highlight those that include gas-phase catalysis and electrocatalysis. Through catalysis and electrocatalysis it is possible to produce chemicals with high industrial applicability, such as liquid fuels and other molecules containing two or more carbons (C2+ compounds) from CO2. In the electrochemical system, the synthesis of C2+ compounds are extensively investigated by applying pure Cu and Cu-based electrodes (eg CuZn, CuAu and CuAg). In this system, applying an electric potential and providing up of an CO2-saturated aqueous solution (containing ion conductors - electrolyte), Cu-based electrode can be produced, among others, ethylene, ethanol, and propanol. On the other hand, in the gas phase catalytic system, applying temperature, pressure and Cu-based catalysts, the hydrogenation of CO2 with H2 results only in C1 compounds (methanol, CO, and CH4). Many questions arise about these differences, such as the why in the electrocatalytic system C2+ compounds can be formed while in the gas phase catalytic system these compounds are not identified. One of the differences between both systems is the use of water as a source of atomic H in the electrochemical system whereas H2 is used in the gaseous system. Since water can play an important role in the synthesis of C2+ compounds, this work aimed investigate the synthesis of C2+ compounds from CO2 with water by applying Cu and Cu-Zn based catalysts in the electrocatalytic and gas phase catalytic systems. Regarding the electrocatalytic results, it was possible to show that the distribution of C2+ products was influenced by the surface metallic area of the electrode, the composition of Cu-Zn and by the geometry of the particles exposed in the electrodes. However, although the increase in surface roughness and changes in chemical composition have led to a higher faradaic efficiency for C2+ compounds, the production of these molecules was more strongly influenced by the nanoparticle geometry exposed in the electrodes. In the gas-phase catalytic system, CO2 hydrogenation with water steam at atmospheric pressure over pure Cu resulted in the formation of ethanol (a result not observed when the CO2 hydrogenation with H2 was performed). For the first time, it is reported the possibility of synthesizing ethanol at atmospheric pressure in the CO2 hydrogenation in gas-phase using water as unique source of hydrogen. The ethanol productivity was investigated under different conditions and it was shown to be impacted by the reaction temperature, Cu surface area, particle geometry, stability, and catalyst composition. Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and X-Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (X = Li, Na, K or Cs) were also investigated in the CO2 hydrogenation with water steam and, by chemometric optimization, it was possible to show that the increase in size of the cation added to the catalyst is a more significant variable than the temperature in ethanol productivity. The role of water was evaluated by DRIFTS tests and it was possible to show that the wavenumbers referring to the adsorption of CO at Cu sites, pointed out as a key intermediary of the reaction, was lower in the presence of water than when in the presence of H2. This result suggest that the C-O bond of the adsorbate attached to the metal surface has been weakened in the presence of water while the carbon-metal bond has been strengthened. Therefore, these compounds are more likely to continue reacting rather than desorbing as reaction products. This result may explain why C2+ compounds are observed in the presence of water while only C1 compounds are identified in the presence of H2. Finally, it is believed that the results obtained in this work have an impact not only on studies at a fundamental level with regard to the hydrogenation of CO2 in gas-phase, but also have the potential for direct applications in industry.
A desistência da carreira docente na rede Estadual Paulista: precarização, precariedade e frustração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-25)
Moreira, Gláucia Lucas Ramiros
;
Silva, Eduardo Pinto e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9750472863840276
The goal of this research is to identify the reasons which lead public teachers from the 2010 and 2013 tenures of the State of São Paulo to resign from their positions and give up their teaching career altogether. Based on previous research and preliminary and sequential inquiries on the subject, this work’s hypothesis is that teachers were released from their positions due to various elements related to: precarious infrastructure and work conditions; the predominance of a productivist perspective; and to the pervasive managerial logic in the school context. According to the assumptions and procedures of qualitative research, documentary data were collected and eight individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers who were exonerated from their positions in the São Paulo state network. The data obtained in the interviews, along with documentary data, were systematized, categorized and interpreted with the use of “content analysis” by Bardin (1979), which provided a joint and contextualized analysis. As a result, the main factors influencing the dismissal at the request of teachers were identified, namely: the education system, the school (dis)organization and the daily work environment, permeated by tensions, conflicts, violence and indiscipline situations, as well as by, often averse, managerial practices to teaching identity and pedagogical expectations; the process of precarious work and the situation of objective precariousness; the subjective precariousness and the feelings derived from it; and the fact that teachers felt ill because of their work. Considering the content of the interviews, it was found that, despite remuneration being an important factor, the frustration and negative feelings resulting from the lack of recognition and strangeness towards work, as well as the lack of prestige and the “precariation-precariousness” duo, had a strong influence on teacher’s decision to resign.
A gramática das construções mêmicas de Internet no português do Brasil: uma interface da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional e da Gramática do Design Visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-25)
Santos, Wilquer Quadros dos
;
Hirata-Vale, Flávia Bezerra de Menezes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797556968074056
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0966187215435807
This work aims to investigate, analyze, map and systematize the linguistic and visual characteristics of Memes: a schematic structure of the digital genre known as Meme, particularly taken from the Internet in Brazilian Portuguese, in the interface of the Systemic-Functional Grammar and the Grammar of Visual Design. Since the advent of the Internet and especially of social sharing networks, Meme emerges as a multi-semiotic combination, a multimodal digital expression with a humorous and critical bias. Originally, the zoologist Richard Dawkins created the term meme in 1976 in the book The Selfish Gene. However, the meaning attributed to it on the Internet has distanced itself from the original meaning. This neologism (meme) was created from the root of the Greek word Mimema (imitation) and transposed to the sonority similar to the term gene, taking into consideration the fact that, for Dawkins, the meme is the gene of the culture. Dawkins conceives memes as behavioral replicators, transmission units and cultural imitation. For the author, memes are responsible for the propagation of facts, reproduction of thought and behavior (DAWKINS, 2017). Methodologically, this research focuses on the analysis and on the description of the verb-visual syntactic configuration of Internet Memes. Taking into consideration the survey of the memic occurrences between the years of 2014 and 2018 in social networks, sites, online repositories and classic models of this digital genre in the Brazilian Portuguese, a mapping of the lexical-grammatical and visual functions that can be typifiers of the genre under analysis is done, as well as the systematizing of the schematic structure of the genre from its linguistic and visual aspects, that is, from the textual completeness. In this paper, we analyze the multisemiotic aspect of the Meme from the internet, which has as its main theoretical contribution the authors Blackmore (1999, 2000), Cabral and Fuzer (2014), Dawkins (2017), Gouveia (2009), Halliday (1994, 2001, 2009), Kress and van Leeuwen (1996, 2006), Lima-Lopes (2012), Marcuschi (2001, 2009), Neves (1994, 2001, 2012), Recuero (2007). Finally, it is understood that Memes can typically be verbally composed of material processes, declarative sentences and topical themes. In the visual sphere, verbal narrative and symbolic conceptual processes increase, as well as a Demand type grammar, in the middle plane and from a frontal point of view. Although in a less regular way, the visual syntax is segmented, dividing the given and new information, predominating the color, font and collage as factors of salience. In addition, they can be composed of nominal groups, simple sentences or complex sentences, experiencing suppression and constructional changes. These gaps and variations are recoverable in the context of the situation and in the interface with the visual element.
Competências da liderança no lean manufacturing e na indústria 4.0: identificação e relacionamentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-25)
Bianco, Débora
;
Godinho Filho, Moacir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1545264333342656
Leadership has been evolved according to the historical moment and advances in production processes. The mentality of leaders who worked in mass production at Ford plants is different from those who worked in the development of Lean Manufacturing. The spread of Lean philosophy has led leaders to act as teachers in organizations, coaching and teaching Lean principles. The rise of technology and the evolution of production processes indicate that leadership must undergo new transformations to direct the organization towards the fourth industrial revolution. In this context, there was a need for research that addresses the integration of Industry 4.0 with other management approaches such as Lean. In order to contribute to this field of research, this study establishes the relationship between the skills of Lean leaders and the skills of leaders in Industry 4.0. In order to achieve this objective, a systematic bibliographic review was elaborated that raised the main competences to be developed by Lean leaders and by leaders working in highly technological environments. Finally, an empirical research based on the opinion of experts was carried out using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. This approach enabled the Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis. With the MICMAC analysis it was possible to identify the competences that have high driving power and those that are dependent. This study presents evidence that the skills of the Lean leader will support those that must be developed by leaders active in Industry 4.0. In addition, a structural model was elaborated that shows the hierarchy between the leadership competencies, indicating those that should be developed with priority. Such results make possible the advance in the state of the art, enriching the literature on the integration of Industry 4.0 with other management approaches. In relation to practice, the results obtained in this work may guide the training of leaders who intend to work in environments that integrate Industry 4.0 with Lean.
A influência do Instagram na escolha de um destino turístico : Ilha das Couves em Ubatuba – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-25)
Lopes, Larissa
;
Turner, Sofia
;
Gabrielli, Cassiana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2774926242303827
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3665781863860797
This research aims to identify the extent to wich the Instagram social network exerts influence over the tourist’s decision to choose a destination, based on the attractive Ilha das Couves located in Ubatuba, on the northern coast of São Paulo. Among the mentioned concepts, Viral or Spontaneous Marketing made on social media stands out, since the internet is increasingly present in the daily lives of the population and can induce the users choices, having an important role in the touristic activity. The research was exploratory and quanti-qualitative with the application of an online form created with Google Forms, for people who visited and posted photos with Ilha das Couves location tagged on Instagram, totalizing 66 answered surveys. The Survey was divided to understand: the visitors profile, the overview of the trip, the influency of Instagram, and the respondents' expectations regarding travel. In addition to that,an analysis of photos from the perspective of semiotics was made, applied for people who visited and posted photos with the Ilha das Couves location tagged on Instagram. The results showed that the vast majority of respondents have used Instagram as a tool to look at pictures of the island, which influenced their choice to visit it, and ended up creating expectations that were mostly met. As final considerations, it was realized that Instagram can act as an influencer for a trip's fulfillment. Apart from that, the image that is created by viewing photos on social media can contribute to the visitor's experience, besides helping the marketing planning of a tourist destination.
O algoritmo computacional como objeto sociotécnico: encontros da complexidade algorítmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26)
Aquino, Ellen Larissa de Carvalho
;
Sousa, Cidoval Morais de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573233540937425
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967516242478326
The algorithm is an object that passes through a timeline and precedes the formation of symbolic movements that dispute not only its practical applications, but also its interpretations. Thus, its nature has been formed by technical materialities and social dimensions, becoming a motor force that describes and transforms our present time. With a characteristic protagonism, not only because of the importance that the object has in our society, but also because of the unconscious way in which we interact daily with it, the algorithm becomes a reflection of a thought that models the construction of all socio-technical interactions. Thus, our goal is to understand the algorithm as a sociotechnical object and problematize this construction through the theoretical and practical intertwining that stem from the interactions brokered from the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS). For this to happen we propose a meeting marked by a dialogue, which gives way to the approximation of cts authors to contemporary authors who direct their studies to the artifact of the algorithm. In this sense, a dimensional and thematic approximation was proposed divided into: logic and control; automation, work and moral alienation; body, self and cyborgs; accumulation logic and economy; politics and biases; anthropology, culture and identity; rationality and intelligence.Throughout the research we adopted a triple view: The first approach describes the pseudoetimological contextualizations and the paths of dispute that pass through the history of the object. The second, approaches from hypotheses and deductions, the multidimensional construction of the object. And the third, builds a systemic modeling that approaches the existing questions in the object under the causalities of the hypotheses previously presented. Finally, we present a social imaginary, in order to resume the centrality of algorithmic discussions in view of the sociotechnical view of the object. So that we are able to constantly perform analyses on the relational complexities that describe it.