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Conhecimento popular botânico: uma abordagem etnobotânica para o ensino de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26) Branco, Denilson Rodrigo Vieira; Carnio, Michel Pisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0893011539944569
Ethnobotany understood as a field of science that seeks to understand the relationship between man and plants has grown considerably in recent years, mainly, focusing on interconnection as a school environment. The progress of Science has allowed the discovery and advancement of scientific knowledge for different sectors of society. However, it is observed that the hegemonization of scientific knowledge resulted in the devaluation of popular knowledge, especially those related to the field of botany, causing the biological and cultural impoverishment of traditional knowledge. In this sense, in the school environment there was a gap between popular knowledge and scientific knowledge, generating a conflict with students, making this connection in the teaching-learning process impossible with what is learned in the classroom and what is experienced in their daily lives. With this, the present study aimed to evaluate the contributions of popular botanical knowledge in understanding the contents of botany present in Science Teaching. The study was carried out in a public full-time school in the city of São Carlos - SP. It is an intervention, carried out through a regency on botany, in which a semi-structured questionnaire was subsequently applied, addressing popular knowledge about the plants of the student and his family. It was found that the plants are inserted in the daily lives of most families, and can be found in the students' food, in medicinal and ornamental use. However, botanical blindness makes it impossible to recognize the relevance of plants, therefore, seeing them as absolutely necessary for our survival is a daily exercise.
Efeito da concentração de Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli na termoterapia e no peso de colmos em três variedades de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26) Andreato, Caroline; Gazaffi, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506894662453338; Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0010361285831213
Ratoon stunt disease (Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli), is currently considered the main disease of sugarcane in all major producing countries. Because propagating materials is the sole source of primary inoculum, the use of clean seedcanes is paramount for the success of disease control, making laboratory diagnosis mandatory to verify the phytosanitary conditions of the propagating materials. The sorological diagnostic technique is employed all over the world for the routine test by almost all sugarcane producing countries. Other recommendation to RSD control includes heat-treatment of seedpieces. In Brazil, the thermotherapys adopted are 52°C/30min and 50°C/2h, whereas only the second one is employed in other countries. Each combination has different characteristics, 52°C/30min showed no deleterious effect on budding but less elimination of Lxx, while the opposite happened in 50°C/2h. However, the consequences of this failure on sugarcane production is unknown. Thus the objective of this work was to understand the effect of variety on the result of thermotherapy and to compare the Dot Blot and PCR methods for detection and control of the RSD. To that, 400 plants of each of the varieties RB867515, RB92579 and RB966928 were used, cultivated according to a randomized block design with five replications and four treatment conditions (two thermotherapy conditions, infected control and uninfected control). The harvesting was done at nine monhs of age in the field and the plants were evaluated by Dot Blot and PCR methods for the detection of Lxx. Data of this investigation showed: a) the varieties respond differently to the thermotherapy conditions; b) the initial concentration of Lxx is of paramount importance for efficient thermal control; c) the short heat treatment was efficient when the Lxx concentration was low in the varieties RB92579 and RB867515; d) the Dot Blot and PCR techniques showed 99% correspondence, despite the greater detection efficiency of the PCR and e) RSD did not influence the weight of plant cane of varieties RB966928, RB867515 and RB92579, in cane plant of 9 months in the field.
Brincar de colorir e desenhar: procedimento de ensino para criança com TEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26) Albuquerque, Isis de; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5583731011570024
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present difficulties in playing behavior, requiring intervention and teaching procedures aimed at learning this behavior. Having regard to the importance of colouring and drawing for academic skills, this study has drawn up and implemented a teaching programme, which took into account the sensory and behavioural aspects necessary for teaching colouring and drawing, aiming to make the behavior of coloring and drawing naturally reinforcing for children with ASD. The study included three children diagnosed with ASD, two boys and a girl, who had an aversion to the use of graphic material. The results present the teaching programs developed by playing with coloring and drawing and indicate that the application of these programs favored the spontaneous choice of graphic material to color and draw in the three participants and increase the time of functional use of this material. It was also observed a reduction in fugue and avoidance behaviors in relation to graphic material and a reduction in the use of prompts during teaching sessions. The coloring and drawing became part of the repertoire of games of the participants, who spontaneously chose the graphic material for functional use, verbalizing phrases that indicated satisfaction with the play, expressing smiles and maintaining a relaxed posture while coloring and drawing
Estudos cromossômicos clássicos e moleculares no complexo de espécies Astyanax scabripinnis (Characiformes, Characidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26) Martinez, Juliana de Fatima; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875928930712027; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5784496090097851
Astyanax is a fish genus of Characiformes and currently is classified as incertae sedis. Astyanax scabripinnis, one of these species, is recognized as a species complex, which is composed of 33 species. This study propose to investigate karyotypic constitution of species of this complex, throughout classical and molecular analyzes: conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, impregnation with silver nitrate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with different repetitive DNA probes (rDNA 5S, rDNA 18S, As51, snRNA U2, H3, H4, Rex1, Rex3, telomeric sequence and microsatellites in three species from different rivers basins: 1) Astyanax aff. scabripinnis (Alto rio Paraná); 2) Astyanax cf. intermedius (Paraíba do Sul); 3) Astyanax cf. goyanensis (Tocantins). For the latter, two units were observed occurring in sympatry, and then the presence of two karyomorphs (A and B) was considered. The analyzes showed that the species have some conserved chromosomal characteristics, such as 2n=50 chromosomes, telomeric sites and chromosomal distribution pattern of repetitive elements Rex1 and Rex3. However, the presence of variable chromosomal characters stands out among the species, showing diversity regarding chromosomal morphology, C-banding pattern, number of sites and location of AgNORs, chromosomal distribution of repetitive DNAs (rDNA 18S and 5S, As51, snRNA U2, H3, H4 and microsatellites). These results demonstrate great diversification of the karyotypic microstructure of species of Astyanax scabripinnis complex and reinforce the biodiversity of the group. In addition, the data obtained has an important role in assisting the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of the group, since they reveal the presence of different units within the complex, which can be delimited with cytogenetic assistance, showing the occurrence of exclusive chromosomal characteristics of each species
Probabilidade de sucesso de espécies florestais na semeadura direta em restauração ecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26) Santos, Ivonir Piotrowski; Silva, José Mauro Santana da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306; Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720975384843775
Among the large-scale techniques, direct seeding is seen as a promising low-cost and efficient methodology, but it requires improvement and, mainly, a selection of species that can be used at the beginning of the restoration. Thus, our objectives were (a) to identify forest species with potential for direct seeding in seasonal forest areas, (b) to investigate the behavior and survival of species over the studied period and (c) to classify species based on their probability of success and potential for direct seeding. In an area of 1.92 ha, direct planting of 38 forest species was implemented, in a system of groups of three rows with a density of 250,000 seeds.ha-1. The emergency was monitored over 720 days at different intervals and all individuals were identified and tagged in 160 plots of 3 x 1m. We count and measure the height (H) and the diameter at the height of the ground (DHS) for all seedlings. We classify species into classes of potentials based on their growth (H, DHS), germinability, emergency, and probability of success. Only 23 species emerged with a range of 3 to 241 individuals, with a total of 1520 plants and 1317 survivors after 720 days (13,718 individuals.ha-1). The emergence of Fabaceae family presented the highest richness (12 species) followed by Bignoniaceae (3 species). The highest heights were observed for the pioneer Mimosa bimucronata and the non-pioneer Astronium urundeuva. The selection of species promoted higher richness, diversity and density than traditional methodologies of direct seeding and the classification by potential allowed to determine the number of species established in the plantations and the number of seeds to be used by the restorer providing structure and coverage in the beginning of planting.
O algoritmo computacional como objeto sociotécnico: encontros da complexidade algorítmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26) Aquino, Ellen Larissa de Carvalho; Sousa, Cidoval Morais de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573233540937425; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967516242478326
The algorithm is an object that passes through a timeline and precedes the formation of symbolic movements that dispute not only its practical applications, but also its interpretations. Thus, its nature has been formed by technical materialities and social dimensions, becoming a motor force that describes and transforms our present time. With a characteristic protagonism, not only because of the importance that the object has in our society, but also because of the unconscious way in which we interact daily with it, the algorithm becomes a reflection of a thought that models the construction of all socio-technical interactions. Thus, our goal is to understand the algorithm as a sociotechnical object and problematize this construction through the theoretical and practical intertwining that stem from the interactions brokered from the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS). For this to happen we propose a meeting marked by a dialogue, which gives way to the approximation of cts authors to contemporary authors who direct their studies to the artifact of the algorithm. In this sense, a dimensional and thematic approximation was proposed divided into: logic and control; automation, work and moral alienation; body, self and cyborgs; accumulation logic and economy; politics and biases; anthropology, culture and identity; rationality and intelligence.Throughout the research we adopted a triple view: The first approach describes the pseudoetimological contextualizations and the paths of dispute that pass through the history of the object. The second, approaches from hypotheses and deductions, the multidimensional construction of the object. And the third, builds a systemic modeling that approaches the existing questions in the object under the causalities of the hypotheses previously presented. Finally, we present a social imaginary, in order to resume the centrality of algorithmic discussions in view of the sociotechnical view of the object. So that we are able to constantly perform analyses on the relational complexities that describe it.