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O algoritmo computacional como objeto sociotécnico: encontros da complexidade algorítmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26)
Aquino, Ellen Larissa de Carvalho
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Sousa, Cidoval Morais de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573233540937425
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967516242478326
The algorithm is an object that passes through a timeline and precedes the formation of symbolic movements that dispute not only its practical applications, but also its interpretations. Thus, its nature has been formed by technical materialities and social dimensions, becoming a motor force that describes and transforms our present time. With a characteristic protagonism, not only because of the importance that the object has in our society, but also because of the unconscious way in which we interact daily with it, the algorithm becomes a reflection of a thought that models the construction of all socio-technical interactions. Thus, our goal is to understand the algorithm as a sociotechnical object and problematize this construction through the theoretical and practical intertwining that stem from the interactions brokered from the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS). For this to happen we propose a meeting marked by a dialogue, which gives way to the approximation of cts authors to contemporary authors who direct their studies to the artifact of the algorithm. In this sense, a dimensional and thematic approximation was proposed divided into: logic and control; automation, work and moral alienation; body, self and cyborgs; accumulation logic and economy; politics and biases; anthropology, culture and identity; rationality and intelligence.Throughout the research we adopted a triple view: The first approach describes the pseudoetimological contextualizations and the paths of dispute that pass through the history of the object. The second, approaches from hypotheses and deductions, the multidimensional construction of the object. And the third, builds a systemic modeling that approaches the existing questions in the object under the causalities of the hypotheses previously presented. Finally, we present a social imaginary, in order to resume the centrality of algorithmic discussions in view of the sociotechnical view of the object. So that we are able to constantly perform analyses on the relational complexities that describe it.
Probabilidade de sucesso de espécies florestais na semeadura direta em restauração ecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26)
Santos, Ivonir Piotrowski
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Silva, José Mauro Santana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
Among the large-scale techniques, direct seeding is seen as a promising low-cost and efficient methodology, but it requires improvement and, mainly, a selection of species that can be used at the beginning of the restoration. Thus, our objectives were (a) to identify forest species with potential for direct seeding in seasonal forest areas, (b) to investigate the behavior and survival of species over the studied period and (c) to classify species based on their probability of success and potential for direct seeding. In an area of 1.92 ha, direct planting of 38 forest species was implemented, in a system of groups of three rows with a density of 250,000 seeds.ha-1. The emergency was monitored over 720 days at different intervals and all individuals were identified and tagged in 160 plots of 3 x 1m. We count and measure the height (H) and the diameter at the height of the ground (DHS) for all seedlings. We classify species into classes of potentials based on their growth (H, DHS), germinability, emergency, and probability of success. Only 23 species emerged with a range of 3 to 241 individuals, with a total of 1520 plants and 1317 survivors after 720 days (13,718 individuals.ha-1). The emergence of Fabaceae family presented the highest richness (12 species) followed by Bignoniaceae (3 species). The highest heights were observed for the pioneer Mimosa bimucronata and the non-pioneer Astronium urundeuva. The selection of species promoted higher richness, diversity and density than traditional methodologies of direct seeding and the classification by potential allowed to determine the number of species established in the plantations and the number of seeds to be used by the restorer providing structure and coverage in the beginning of planting.
Efeito da concentração de Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli na termoterapia e no peso de colmos em três variedades de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26)
Andreato, Caroline
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Gazaffi, Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506894662453338
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Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665
Ratoon stunt disease (Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli), is currently considered the main disease of sugarcane in all major producing countries. Because propagating materials is the sole source of primary inoculum, the use of clean seedcanes is paramount for the success of disease control, making laboratory diagnosis mandatory to verify the phytosanitary conditions of the propagating materials. The sorological diagnostic technique is employed all over the world for the routine test by almost all sugarcane producing countries. Other recommendation to RSD control includes heat-treatment of seedpieces. In Brazil, the thermotherapys adopted are 52°C/30min and 50°C/2h, whereas only the second one is employed in other countries. Each combination has different characteristics, 52°C/30min showed no deleterious effect on budding but less elimination of Lxx, while the opposite happened in 50°C/2h. However, the consequences of this failure on sugarcane production is unknown. Thus the objective of this work was to understand the effect of variety on the result of thermotherapy and to compare the Dot Blot and PCR methods for detection and control of the RSD. To that, 400 plants of each of the varieties RB867515, RB92579 and RB966928 were used, cultivated according to a randomized block design with five replications and four treatment conditions (two thermotherapy conditions, infected control and uninfected control). The harvesting was done at nine monhs of age in the field and the plants were evaluated by Dot Blot and PCR methods for the detection of Lxx. Data of this investigation showed: a) the varieties respond differently to the thermotherapy conditions; b) the initial concentration of Lxx is of paramount importance for efficient thermal control; c) the short heat treatment was efficient when the Lxx concentration was low in the varieties RB92579 and RB867515; d) the Dot Blot and PCR techniques showed 99% correspondence, despite the greater detection efficiency of the PCR and e) RSD did not influence the weight of plant cane of varieties RB966928, RB867515 and RB92579, in cane plant of 9 months in the field.
Conhecimento popular botânico: uma abordagem etnobotânica para o ensino de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26)
Branco, Denilson Rodrigo Vieira
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Carnio, Michel Pisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0893011539944569
Ethnobotany understood as a field of science that seeks to understand the relationship between man and plants has grown considerably in recent years, mainly, focusing on interconnection as a school environment. The progress of Science has allowed the discovery and advancement of scientific knowledge for different sectors of society. However, it is observed that the hegemonization of scientific knowledge resulted in the devaluation of popular knowledge, especially those related to the field of botany, causing the biological and cultural impoverishment of traditional knowledge. In this sense, in the school environment there was a gap between popular knowledge and scientific knowledge, generating a conflict with students, making this connection in the teaching-learning process impossible with what is learned in the classroom and what is experienced in their daily lives. With this, the present study aimed to evaluate the contributions of popular botanical knowledge in understanding the contents of botany present in Science Teaching. The study was carried out in a public full-time school in the city of São Carlos - SP. It is an intervention, carried out through a regency on botany, in which a semi-structured questionnaire was subsequently applied, addressing popular knowledge about the plants of the student and his family. It was found that the plants are inserted in the daily lives of most families, and can be found in the students' food, in medicinal and ornamental use. However, botanical blindness makes it impossible to recognize the relevance of plants, therefore, seeing them as absolutely necessary for our survival is a daily exercise.
Estudos cromossômicos clássicos e moleculares no complexo de espécies Astyanax scabripinnis (Characiformes, Characidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26)
Martinez, Juliana de Fatima
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Artoni, Roberto Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875928930712027
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Moreira Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
Astyanax is a fish genus of Characiformes and currently is classified as incertae sedis. Astyanax scabripinnis, one of these species, is recognized as a species complex, which is composed of 33 species. This study propose to investigate karyotypic constitution of species of this complex, throughout classical and molecular analyzes: conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, impregnation with silver nitrate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with different repetitive DNA probes (rDNA 5S, rDNA 18S, As51, snRNA U2, H3, H4, Rex1, Rex3, telomeric sequence and microsatellites in three species from different rivers basins: 1) Astyanax aff. scabripinnis (Alto rio Paraná); 2) Astyanax cf. intermedius (Paraíba do Sul); 3) Astyanax cf. goyanensis (Tocantins). For the latter, two units were observed occurring in sympatry, and then the presence of two karyomorphs (A and B) was considered. The analyzes showed that the species have some conserved chromosomal characteristics, such as 2n=50 chromosomes, telomeric sites and chromosomal distribution pattern of repetitive elements Rex1 and Rex3. However, the presence of variable chromosomal characters stands out among the species, showing diversity regarding chromosomal morphology, C-banding pattern, number of sites and location of AgNORs, chromosomal distribution of repetitive DNAs (rDNA 18S and 5S, As51, snRNA U2, H3, H4 and microsatellites). These results demonstrate great diversification of the karyotypic microstructure of species of Astyanax scabripinnis complex and reinforce the biodiversity of the group. In addition, the data obtained has an important role in assisting the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of the group, since they reveal the presence of different units within the complex, which can be delimited with cytogenetic assistance, showing the occurrence of exclusive chromosomal characteristics of each species
Brincar de colorir e desenhar: procedimento de ensino para criança com TEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-26)
Albuquerque, Isis de
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5583731011570024
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present difficulties in playing behavior, requiring intervention and teaching procedures aimed at learning this behavior. Having regard to the importance of colouring and drawing for academic skills, this study has drawn up and implemented a teaching programme, which took into account the sensory and behavioural aspects necessary for teaching colouring and drawing, aiming to make the behavior of coloring and drawing naturally reinforcing for children with ASD. The study included three children diagnosed with ASD, two boys and a girl, who had an aversion to the use of graphic material. The results present the teaching programs developed by playing with coloring and drawing and indicate that the application of these programs favored the spontaneous choice of graphic material to color and draw in the three participants and increase the time of functional use of this material. It was also observed a reduction in fugue and avoidance behaviors in relation to graphic material and a reduction in the use of prompts during teaching sessions. The coloring and drawing became part of the repertoire of games of the participants, who spontaneously chose the graphic material for functional use, verbalizing phrases that indicated satisfaction with the play, expressing smiles and maintaining a relaxed posture while coloring and drawing
Validação da técnica de macacos planos na avaliação da resistência de alvenaria existente executada com blocos vazados de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Ferreira Júnior, Jairo Borges
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5293755256405200
The flat jack method is used as non-destructive test, on site, on masonry structures to obtain more accurate data. This method is already standardized internationally by ASTM and RILEM, however, the studies, standards, and jacks available on the subject, refer to masonry with solid elements, such as bricks and stones. This work aims to validate and improve the technique of flat jacks in the evaluation of the compressive strength of modern existing masonry, being developed a new equipment in the literature, the first flat jack with double flaps for testing structural masonry with hollow concrete blocks. The new equipment and the test methodology were successfully developed, adapting the deformability test (double plane jack), carrying out the tests on a real structural masonry construction with hollow concrete blocks and validating this technique as non-destructive. It was demonstrated how to manufacture and calibrate the new jacks, and how to perform and analyze the tests, comparing the results found in laboratory tests, made available by the company responsible for the construction. The research is motivated by the standardization of tests with the use of flat jacks in structures with hollow blocks masonry, facilitating the execution, cost reduction and the time spent with tests to determine the characteristics of the hollow concrete blocks, mainly, without needing to break the masonry wall.
Combinação de óxidos mistos aplicados como catalisadores na reação de reforma seca do metano para produção de gás de síntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Ramon, Adriana Paula
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6638732964385112
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising process in synthetic gas generation with a low H2/CO ratio. The generation of syngas is of great industrial interest in a number of processes, in particular in the production of liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The main problems in DRM are the large formation of carbon deposition over the catalyst. In an attempt to overcome this problem, different supports consisting of mixed oxides with stable structure such as pyrochlore and perovskite types have been developed. In this work we studied the effect of several parameters in the proposed syntheses, as well as the comparison between the modified Pechini, sol-gel, coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. Besides that, we studied the effect of metal loading on activity in the DRM over the catalysts synthesized by sol-gel method. These catalysts were characterized by several techniques and some were tested at the DRM at temperatures between 600 to 900 °C, in addition they were tested at short-term stability at 600 and/or 850 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of pyrochlore La2Ce2O7-δ and perovskite LaNiO3 phases in all four synthesis methods, moreover, in the samples synthesized by coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods NiO was also present. In addition to these phases, the principal component analysis applied to the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) during temperature programmed reduction data showed the presence of defect perovskite La2Ni2O5. The catalytic tests showed that regardless of the synthesis method and nickel loading, all catalysts were stable during the short-term stability test at 600 and/or 850 °C. The material synthesized by hydrothermal method showed the highest conversions and yields at temperatures from 600 to 900 °C. In addition, at 850°C the conversion was ~90% and lead to a preferential stoichiometric reaction pathway, which is ideal for the DRM reaction. The better performance in this material was related to the greater interaction between nickel and cerium. Further, the H2/CO ratio varied from 0,5 to 0,9, depending on the material and the reaction conditions. Moreover, the reaction mechanism proposed in these materials at 600 °C takes into account the intermediates CHx and OH, which were observed in APXPS analysis. Through the APXPS and thermogravimetric analyzes after stability test, it was revealed no significant carbon deposition in the samples (<2% wt).
O Movimento da Política de Formação Continuada “PNAIC”: do documento oficial aos professores alfabetizadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Felix, Carla Fernanda Figueiredo
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3202939618500381
Teacher’s continuing formation is one of the focus of educational policies. It has an assumption of improving the teaching quality, the teaching practice, and its professionalization. One specific program is evidenced in this research, the “Pacto Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa” – PNAIC. To understand and problematize how this proposal, elaborated by the federal government, was structured, was implemented and developed, thinking about the recontextualization movement that goes from the official document to the study advisors and from these to the literacy teachers in Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, is the objective of this study. In this perspective, the guiding question was: how were the orientations about continuing formation from PNAIC recontextualized by the study advisors and literacy teachers? To accomplish that some strategies were used when collecting the data, in a qualitative approach, such as the gathering of the base documents of the proposal, making questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with teachers and study advisors. To process the material, an analytical model based on Basil Bernstein’s theory (1996) about the recontextualization of the pedagogic speech, listing four fronts: the formation dynamics; the aspects that had the biggest impact on teachers and study advisors from the formative point of view.; the base material for PNAIC, highlighting the perception both groups had about them; and the continuing formation conception built after the formation ended. Divided in four sections, this text presents on the first the methodological paths assumed in the research, anchored on the studies of Bogdan and Biklen (2013), Lüdke and André (2014) and Martins (2010). The educational policies and the continuing formation of teachers are topics described in the second section, using as basis the studies of Gatti (2008;2010), Gatti and Barreto (2009), Dourado (2007;2015;2016), Freitas (1992;2011;2014), Imbernón (2009;2010;2011) and Saviani (2008a; 2008b). The third section presents and analyzes the structure and reference books of PNAIC from Bernstein’s (1996) theoretical perspective about code, pedagogic recontextualization, framing and classification. Finally, the last section presents data from the questionnaire and semi-structured interview using Bernstein’s (1996) analytical model, adding to the discussion thoughts on teacher knowledges, assuming as reference Tardif’s (2010) and Tardif and Lessard’s (2014a; 2014b) studies. In that way, this research puts that, by means of the pedagogic recontextualization of the instructions provided by the continuing formation proposal from PNAIC, the subjects assume resistance postures when facing the official discourse, acting also as producers and not only reproducers of specific knowledges pertaining the complexity that involves the teaching practice.
Consequências da exposição intrauterina ao Diazepam: impacto sobre os sistemas ventilatório e monoaminérgico de ratos neonatos durante o desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Silva Junior, Carlos Aparecido da
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Biancardi, Vivian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3835317718066631
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Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
Anxiety is a problem that affects the general population, and women are twice as likely to develop such disorders, especially at reproductive age. Diazepam (DZP) is one of the drugs used to treat these disorders, but its use during pregnancy has been associated with problems for the fetus. This medication interacts with the GABAergic system, which participates in the respiratory control of mammals, as well as in the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia, acting in chemosensitive regions. Thus, we sought to evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to DZP (1 mg/Kg/day) on ventilation and metabolism, chewing and righting reflexes on the number of neurons in the catecholaminergic and serotonergic system of rats in different ages in the development (P0-1, P12-13, P21-22). Pressure and whole-body plethysmography and indirect calorimetry were used to assess ventilation and metabolism at P0-1, P12-13, P21-22. Free-floating immunofluorescence was used for the analysis of catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in P12-13. Chewing and righting reflexes were used to assess the behavior at P0-1. We observed that DZP-treated females showed increased respiratory frequency and metabolism in normoxia/normocapnia (P0-1), as well as decreased ventilation in hypercapnia (P0-1 and P12-13). Males treated with DZP showed a decrease in ventilation in normoxia/normocapnia (P12-13 and P21-22), a decrease in respiratory frequency in hypercapnia and a decrease in ventilation in hypoxia (P12-13). In P21-22, both males and females of DZP group showed body mass gain. Females and males treated with DZP in P12-13 have a lower number of catecholaminergic neurons, as well as males at this age have a reduction in the number of serotonergic neurons. These results show that DZP exposure during pregnancy promotes sex-specific long-lasting effects on ventilatory control and Central Nervous System and contributes to the understanding of drug interventions during the gestational period and the occurrence of adverse events for the newborn
Complexidade linguística: um panorama e um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Leal, Ednei de Souza
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Basso, Renato Miguel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2105113450986881
Language complexity is once again the object of study in Linguistics after being largely assumed as a resolved or uninteresting issue. Differently, however, from the 19th century perspective, during which linguistic complexity had already been the object of study, now its investigation is free from the prejudices that associated languages to the mental capacity of their speakers, and linguistic complexity is no longer seen today as a truism, as it transpired in the Sructuralist view until the middle of the 20th century. In the 21st century, new understandings about the language, brought by increasingly sophisticated analytic tools and by increasingly clear ideas about the typology of languages, it is finally possible to fully study language complexity, a characteristic inherent to every natural language, but that differs in its nuances and details, and is today measured by linguists who propose metrics for practically all levels traditionally investigated by Linguistic Studies, like Dahl (2004), McWhorter (2001), Culicover (2012), Kusters (2003). In this sense, this thesis proposes a panoramic look at studies on linguistic complexity from the last decade of the twentieth century to today. We propose, firstly, a non-exhaustive historiographic overview of the term “linguistic complexity” throughout the history of linguistics or studies that were inclined to deal with language. After the historical overview, we seek to show how linguistic complexity is seen today as a genuine object of linguistic studies. It is also important to mention the different techniques for measuring linguistic complexity, at the most varied levels of languages studied. Finally, we propose a brief exercise analyzing a phenomenon characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), topic constructions, with the purpose of investigating whether this phenomenon makes the language more or less complex in relation to its European variety, which seems to present the phenomenon not as often or in the same way as BP. This thesis takes as a theoretical-methodological parameter the proposals of Philosophy of Linguistics and Historiography of Linguistics, as well as the proposals already in vogue of several linguists who propose to study linguistic complexity in its most varied forms.
Menstrualotopias: poéticas desde as margens e os devires da subjetividade na literatura de Naty Menstrual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Utrero Zicato, María Florencia
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0766903725494071
This study pretends to go through the particular Naty Menstrual’s universe, the first female author self-defined transvestite to publish in Argentina, in the attempt to describe and analyze some of the representations related to the ways transvestite subjectivities as a process become, the ways of “building up” a body, the desire, sexuality, marginality, the violence, the family, the vision upon society and the city, which are present throughout her books Continuadísimo (2008), Batido de Trolo (2012) and Poesía Recuperada (2016). From poststructuralism studies and specially queer studies, I’ll analyze the author’s narrative, as a place that can help us to think, on the one hand, social relationships structured by heterocisnormativity regimes of sex, gender and desire, revealing their violences and exclusions, and on the other hand, the proliferation of narratives and characters from the margins of those discourses, tensing and battling the representations and social imaginaries over the bodies, the flesh, the desires, the pleasures and the city, and the idea of them as places of resistance.
Síntese, caracterização e avaliação da atividade fotoeletrocatalítica de filmes finos de Sb2S3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Araújo, Moisés Albuquerque de
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1921841936471127
Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) have been shown to be a promising system for H2 generation from photoelectrolysis of water. Among the semiconductors materials that have been studied for PECs, Sb2S3 stands out due to its superlative photoelectrocatalytic properties, and for having abundant and low toxicity elements. In the light of this, herein we proposed the synthesis and characterisation of the bare and modified Sb2S3 thin films for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via photoelectrolysis of water. The modifications of this material consisted of obtaining the SnS/Sb2S3 heterostructure, treating the Sb2S3 films under nitrogen plasma, and depositing molybdenum sulphide (MoSx) upon the Sb2S3 films. Initially we studied the SnS/Sb2S3, the synthesis of this system involved obtaining the SbSn films by electrodeposition at different potentials on glass-coated FTO substrate. Subsequently, the films were sulphurised under sublimated sulphur atmosphere and characterised in terms of their physical, chemical, and optical properties. Regarding the photoelectrochemical assessment, we achieved a photocurrent density (jphoto) of −0.12 ± 0.01 mA cm−2 at −0.32 V for the sulphurised SnS/Sb2S3 films which were obtained at −1.14 V. This jphoto value was 40 and 12 times higher than the pure SnS and Sb2S3 films, respectively. Additional studies based on band diagrams of the SnS and Sb2S3 films indicated the formation of the type II heterostructure, which favoured transportation of the photogenerated electron and holes. Aiming to obtain higher values of jphoto, we evaluated the effect of treating the Sb2S3 films under nitrogen plasma at different span times. The Sb2S3 films treated under nitrogen plasma for only 10 s had a jphoto of −0.48 ± 0.04 mA cm−2 at −0.32 V; this corresponded to a 24-fold increase compared to the untreated film. This photoresponse enhancement may be linked to the increased degree of wettability as the contact angle measurements indicated a superhydrophobic behaviour for the untreated film and hydrophilic once treated. Based on the XPS analysis, we also found that the hydrophilicity behaviour is probably due to the formation of the S-N polar group on the surface of the Sb2S3 films. Intending to further improve the photoelectroactivity of the Sb2S3 films, we studied the effect of the presence of MoSx on the plasma-treated Sb2S3 films. The jphoto for the Sb2S3/MoSx film was −0.89 ± 0.16 mA cm−2 at −0.20 V and that corresponded to a 2.2-fold increase. The jphoto gain is due to the reduction of the Rct as observed from the impedance experiments. The presence of the MoSx also resulted in a shift of ca. 100 and 280 mV towards less negative values of the Eonset and the Efb, respectively. This suggested that the MoSx behaved as a cocatalyst for the HER. At last, we achieved an even more substantial jphoto of −2.15 mA cm−2 at −0.20 V for the Sb2S3/MoSx film having a delimited geometrical area by placing a teflon mask.
Uma fábrica-cidade: percepções de duas gerações de trabalhadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Pires, Andréia Juliana
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Corrochano, Maria Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/771435397558525
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6091681058269058
This dissertation aims to get to know the perceptions of young and adult workers of Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio about the company they work for. CBA developed peculiar relations with its workers and with the municipality of Alumínio in general, relations common to a specific type of factory: the city-factories. The concept of generation was central to this study. From Karl Mannheim's sociological approach, we sought to understand whether the perceptions that workers presented about the factory were impacted by the dimensions that characterize generational groups. For this, an exploratory and qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with six employees (five men and one woman), of different ages, aiming to understand similarities and differences between young and adult workers on the image formed by company, forms of entry, working conditions, career and the relationship between young people and adults, in addition to looking at their projects for a recent future amid profound changes in the world of work. The analysis of the interviews showed that the adults showed a stronger bond with the company, including an affective one, strongly influenced by the family context. Young people were more reticent in relation to the experience in the company, with more critical and problematic statements, revealing differences in perceptions in relation to adults. At the same time, it is also possible to conclude that the boundaries that delimit the perceptions of young people and adults have not always been shown to be rigid, being that sometimes they are attenuated and made more flexible, showing the complexity of the contradictions, recurrences and ambiguities that emerge in the workers' statements.
Desempenho agronômico e teor de clorofila na relação com a absorção de água em alface
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Santos, Camila Peixoto dos
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
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Sala, Fernando César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the main leafy vegetable, with the curly type with light green leaves the preferred in Brazil. However, leaves of intense green color (higher chlorophyll content) have increased consumer preference. Thus, to evaluate agronomic characteristics of lettuce lines with more intense staining and their efficiency in water use is important. This study aimed to correlate mass production and water consumption by evaluating lettuce lines and varieties with different chlorophyll contents. The experiment was conducted in two stages: in the hydroponic system (1st stage) and in Chamber B.O.D. (2nd stage). Ten lettuce lines and two varieties (Vanda and Luiza) were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and chlorophyll contents in the leaves, in a randomized block design with four replications (1st stage). The evaluation phase of productivity and chlorophyll contents in hydroponic system allowed the selection of four lines and two varieties with different chlorophyll contents and which were used for experiments in B.O.D. chamber to evaluate the mass gain and its correlation with water absorption. The highest chlorophyll contents were found for Luiza (43.31) and sline 09 (39.50), intermediate values for 27 and 47 and lower for 195 and Vanda. In the experiments carried out in B.O.D. the sline 195 and the varieties Vanda and Luiza showed the highest mass gains with approximately 0.07 g plant-1, as well as the highest water consumption, with 54 ml plant-1. The strain 47 and Luiza presented the highest number and stomata per cm², approaching 18,000 units. Luiza showed better efficiency in water use, consuming approximately 750 ml to produce one gram of dry mass. The water consumption by the plants was not influenced by chlorophyll content, but showed a positive correlation with the production of final fresh mass, final dry mass and consequently with the mass gain of lettuce plants. Genotypes with higher chlorophyll content showed lower mass production. Thus, from this work it was possible to conclude that genotypes with higher chlorophyll content have lower capacity in terms of mass production.
Development of a stable diode laser system for cavity-assisted matter-wave interferometry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Beli Silva, Camila
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Courteille, Philippe Wilhelm
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3084890968061662
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Bachelard, Romain Pierre Marcel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4344589799192534
The project is part of an experiment that has been developed to probe the dynamics of ultracold strontium atoms in a vertical one-dimensional optical lattice sustained by a ring cavity. A fundamental part of the experiment is the achievement of a laser system with high-frequency stability and narrow linewidth. This dissertation explores the control of the phase and frequency of the radiation emitted by diode laser, which are essential devices of most atomic physics experiments. Phase and frequency control is achieved by electronic feedback systems, such as the Pound-Drever-Hall technique (PDH), optical phase-locked loops (OPLL) and injection locking. The basic principles and application of these locking methods are presented.
Formação de professores na perspectiva da Complexidade: um estado da arte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27)
Farias, Priscila Moreira Silva de
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Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida
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lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3236189702173770
The present study is the result of the concerns experienced in the course of my professional trajectory and intends on Teacher Education from the perspective of Complexity, with a look at continuing education. From the questions: Can the perspective of Complexity be considered a possibility for teacher training in and for contemporary times? What do academic productions reveal about this relationship? What does the research on continuing teacher education say in this perspective? The following objectives were chosen: to build the state of the art from theses and dissertations that link teacher training and Complexity; analyze what academic productions reveal about this relationship; identify in which contexts the academic productions were developed, which subjects take the focus of investigation, which are the methodological choices and the results achieved in each research, also identifying what the studies bring about the continuing education of teachers in Complexity, understanding as such This approach presents itself as a possibility for the field of teacher education in and for contemporary times. To carry out the study, a theoretical framework was built based on authors such as Khun (1982), Santos (1998), Capra (1996, 2005, 2006), Morin (1991, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007), André (2011), Behrens (1999,2005, 2006, 2007, 2011), Candau (1997), Imbernón (2011), Nóvoa (1992, 1995, 2017) among others. Initially, the discussion about the term paradigm was presented, understanding it as a set of beliefs that subsidize our way of thinking and operating at a certain moment. The strengthening of the Newtonian-Cartesian paradigm was emphasized with its fragmentation and reductionist vision in the area of education and in the field of Teacher Education. A new perspective was proposed: Complexity, which shows itself as a possibility for the educational scenario and teacher training at the present time and reflected on the relationship between continuing teacher education and Complexity. Supported by a qualitative approach, the research had a bibliographic character and used the academic productions available in the databases of Google Scholar and the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in the construction of the state of the art. The findings totaled 20 papers, including theses and dissertations within a time frame from 2000 to 2018. The results obtained showed that the south and southeast regions and private institutions concentrate the largest number of works. They also pointed out that there is a predominance of qualitative research in the studies analyzed and referring to the subjects taken as the focus of investigation, the teacher is identified and the courses and tools that form it. Complexity has proved to be fruitful in the field of Teacher Education today and although it is still an incipient field, there are already consolidated productions that deal with the theme in different dimensions of work, namely, in initial and continuing education, in the final years of Elementary School, in High School, Higher Education, Post-Graduation at the Specialization level and in the technological and professional dimensions. Regarding continuing education, understood as professional teacher development, it was found that Complexity can be reflected in it, which accompanies the need for teachers to seek training throughout their professional career.
Condições de segurança em um laboratório acadêmico do Departamento de Química da UFSCar: análise diagnóstica e proposta de um Manual para procedimentos seguros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-28)
Uliana, Cezar Augusto
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Côrtes, Mauro Rocha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8988613760967305
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0078859993641599
Academic Laboratories are a source of concern due to the risks inherent in the activities carried out on their premises. In general, the handling of chemical products of different classes occurs, the handling of equipment that operates under intense pressure, heat or cold, equipment that generates noise at high levels or with heated surfaces and exposed rotating parts. It is reasonable to assume that students in the initial cycles are unaware of the potential risks to which they will be exposed during laboratory classes. Eventually, the conditions for handling products and operating equipment can be aggravated due to other factors such as, for example, the construction characteristics of the environments. With the application of the case study method and the exploratory observation methodology, they were observed during classes at an Academic Laboratory of the Department of Chemistry (DQ) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) - São Carlos campus, their constructive, operational and organizational, and also the 'user actions', entitled 'student risk actions', characterized in two aspects: accident risk and health risk, and the observations registered occurrences of both aspects. With the monitoring and study of the routine of the laboratory associated with the moment of the class, a diagnosis is made that allows, in an initial moment, the elaboration of the orientative material, this being a first step for the subsequent elaboration and implantation of specific manuals by the academic laboratory. , given the particularities of each one, in order to reduce the risks related to the health and safety of its users, that is, those who work there or who develop activities, especially students. Considering the many activities developed in academic laboratories in various departments at UFSCar, it became evident that this theme and its application are extensible to conceptually similar work environments, in all campuses, as it was found the need for prior guidance to space users studied, which encouraged the elaboration of a Manual for Safe Procedures, the result of this research.
Os sistemas serotonérgico, gabaérgico e endocanabinoide da amígdala medeiam a empatia relacionada à nocicepção em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-28)
Tavares, Ligia Renata Rodrigues
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Baptista de Souza, Daniela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6261369005670849
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
Evidence shows a reciprocal relationship between chronic pain and emotional disorders, exacerbating the other's experience. The affective-emotional component of pain can be activated not only in those who feel the pain but also in those who observe painful situations, characterized as empathy. In mice, living with chronic pain makes hypernociception, and the amygdala is one of the brain structures that play an essential role in emotional and nociceptive control. However, the neurotransmissions involved in this process are unknown. This study investigates the serotonergic, GABAergic, and endocannabinoid systems of the amygdala in mice's nociception empathy model. Male Swiss-albino mice were housed in pairs and, after 14 days of living together, one animal of the pair underwent sciatic nerve constriction surgery (constriction), or not (Sham) and returning to living with observers of the constriction [CNC (cagemate nerve constriction)] or Sham [CS (cagemate sham)], for another 14 days. On the 24th day, the CNC and CS groups underwent stereotactic surgery for bilateral cannula implantation in the amygdala. On the 28th day, the CNC and CS animals, after receiving ondansetron intra-amygdala injections (5-HT3 antagonist), mCPBG (5-HT3 agonist), (midazolam (GABAA-benzodiazepine agonist,) and cannabidiol (phytocannabinoid), were submitted to a nociceptive stimulus with acetic acid-induced writhing test [0.6% intraperitoneal (i.p.)]. The results reveal that living with chronic pain increased the expression of 5-HT3 receptors in the central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdaloid complex in both hemispheres. The administration of ondansetron (1.0 and 3.0 nmol), midazolam (3.0 and 30 nmol), and cannabidiol (30 nmol) reversed the hypernociception induced by cohabited together; and mCPBG (20 nmol) accentuated nociception in the CNC observer. Ondansetron (0.3 nmol, dose devoid of nociceptive effect), followed by midazolam or cannabidiol, reversed the antinociception produced by midazolam and cannabidiol, respectively, in mice after lived with a conspecific constrict. The results exhibit the involvement of the serotonergic, GABAergic, and endocannabinoid neurotransmissions of the amygdala and the interplay between these neurotransmissions in the hypernociception induced by the nociception empathy model.
Padrões macroevolutivos do tamanho do cérebro e tipos de ninhos em passeriformes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-28)
Leite, Abraão de Barros
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Guerrero, Augustín Camacho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2595649461113873
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
Birds and mammals have increased cognitive abilities and selective forces favoring complex behavioral skills are considered important drivers of brain evolution. A tractable way to infer about evolutionary pathways shaping brain complexity is to compare brain sizes between groups of organisms with different behavioral and ecological characteristics. The construction of closed nests is one of the most remarkable abilities of birds, but its relationships with brain size remains unexplored. Here we use data from 538 bird species to test whether species that build closed nests have larger brains compared to those that build open nests. We also controlled to the effects of body size and migration, both known to affect brain size. Through a Bayesian approach with phylogenetic control, we reveal that the construction of closed nests is not correlated to disproportionally enlarged brains, thus contradicting the current thought that the architecture of closed nests is more complex in relation to open nests. This lack of significance suggests the existence of variations in the complexity of both closed nests and open nests, in addition to the effects of negative allometry that occurred throughout the evolution of the passerines. Although our results do not show a nest type effect, the idea that, on average, closed nests may be associated with larger brains may not be readily ruled out. Thus, once a treatable amount of brain size data becomes available, analyses should focus, for example, on specific families that have as many nest-independent transitions as possible.