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Consequências da exposição intrauterina ao Diazepam: impacto sobre os sistemas ventilatório e monoaminérgico de ratos neonatos durante o desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Silva Junior, Carlos Aparecido da; Biancardi, Vivian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3835317718066631; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4687215999720605
Anxiety is a problem that affects the general population, and women are twice as likely to develop such disorders, especially at reproductive age. Diazepam (DZP) is one of the drugs used to treat these disorders, but its use during pregnancy has been associated with problems for the fetus. This medication interacts with the GABAergic system, which participates in the respiratory control of mammals, as well as in the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia, acting in chemosensitive regions. Thus, we sought to evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to DZP (1 mg/Kg/day) on ventilation and metabolism, chewing and righting reflexes on the number of neurons in the catecholaminergic and serotonergic system of rats in different ages in the development (P0-1, P12-13, P21-22). Pressure and whole-body plethysmography and indirect calorimetry were used to assess ventilation and metabolism at P0-1, P12-13, P21-22. Free-floating immunofluorescence was used for the analysis of catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in P12-13. Chewing and righting reflexes were used to assess the behavior at P0-1. We observed that DZP-treated females showed increased respiratory frequency and metabolism in normoxia/normocapnia (P0-1), as well as decreased ventilation in hypercapnia (P0-1 and P12-13). Males treated with DZP showed a decrease in ventilation in normoxia/normocapnia (P12-13 and P21-22), a decrease in respiratory frequency in hypercapnia and a decrease in ventilation in hypoxia (P12-13). In P21-22, both males and females of DZP group showed body mass gain. Females and males treated with DZP in P12-13 have a lower number of catecholaminergic neurons, as well as males at this age have a reduction in the number of serotonergic neurons. These results show that DZP exposure during pregnancy promotes sex-specific long-lasting effects on ventilatory control and Central Nervous System and contributes to the understanding of drug interventions during the gestational period and the occurrence of adverse events for the newborn
Combinação de óxidos mistos aplicados como catalisadores na reação de reforma seca do metano para produção de gás de síntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Ramon, Adriana Paula; Assaf, José Mansur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6638732964385112
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising process in synthetic gas generation with a low H2/CO ratio. The generation of syngas is of great industrial interest in a number of processes, in particular in the production of liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The main problems in DRM are the large formation of carbon deposition over the catalyst. In an attempt to overcome this problem, different supports consisting of mixed oxides with stable structure such as pyrochlore and perovskite types have been developed. In this work we studied the effect of several parameters in the proposed syntheses, as well as the comparison between the modified Pechini, sol-gel, coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. Besides that, we studied the effect of metal loading on activity in the DRM over the catalysts synthesized by sol-gel method. These catalysts were characterized by several techniques and some were tested at the DRM at temperatures between 600 to 900 °C, in addition they were tested at short-term stability at 600 and/or 850 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of pyrochlore La2Ce2O7-δ and perovskite LaNiO3 phases in all four synthesis methods, moreover, in the samples synthesized by coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods NiO was also present. In addition to these phases, the principal component analysis applied to the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) during temperature programmed reduction data showed the presence of defect perovskite La2Ni2O5. The catalytic tests showed that regardless of the synthesis method and nickel loading, all catalysts were stable during the short-term stability test at 600 and/or 850 °C. The material synthesized by hydrothermal method showed the highest conversions and yields at temperatures from 600 to 900 °C. In addition, at 850°C the conversion was ~90% and lead to a preferential stoichiometric reaction pathway, which is ideal for the DRM reaction. The better performance in this material was related to the greater interaction between nickel and cerium. Further, the H2/CO ratio varied from 0,5 to 0,9, depending on the material and the reaction conditions. Moreover, the reaction mechanism proposed in these materials at 600 °C takes into account the intermediates CHx and OH, which were observed in APXPS analysis. Through the APXPS and thermogravimetric analyzes after stability test, it was revealed no significant carbon deposition in the samples (<2% wt).
O Movimento da Política de Formação Continuada “PNAIC”: do documento oficial aos professores alfabetizadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Felix, Carla Fernanda Figueiredo; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3202939618500381
Teacher’s continuing formation is one of the focus of educational policies. It has an assumption of improving the teaching quality, the teaching practice, and its professionalization. One specific program is evidenced in this research, the “Pacto Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa” – PNAIC. To understand and problematize how this proposal, elaborated by the federal government, was structured, was implemented and developed, thinking about the recontextualization movement that goes from the official document to the study advisors and from these to the literacy teachers in Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, is the objective of this study. In this perspective, the guiding question was: how were the orientations about continuing formation from PNAIC recontextualized by the study advisors and literacy teachers? To accomplish that some strategies were used when collecting the data, in a qualitative approach, such as the gathering of the base documents of the proposal, making questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with teachers and study advisors. To process the material, an analytical model based on Basil Bernstein’s theory (1996) about the recontextualization of the pedagogic speech, listing four fronts: the formation dynamics; the aspects that had the biggest impact on teachers and study advisors from the formative point of view.; the base material for PNAIC, highlighting the perception both groups had about them; and the continuing formation conception built after the formation ended. Divided in four sections, this text presents on the first the methodological paths assumed in the research, anchored on the studies of Bogdan and Biklen (2013), Lüdke and André (2014) and Martins (2010). The educational policies and the continuing formation of teachers are topics described in the second section, using as basis the studies of Gatti (2008;2010), Gatti and Barreto (2009), Dourado (2007;2015;2016), Freitas (1992;2011;2014), Imbernón (2009;2010;2011) and Saviani (2008a; 2008b). The third section presents and analyzes the structure and reference books of PNAIC from Bernstein’s (1996) theoretical perspective about code, pedagogic recontextualization, framing and classification. Finally, the last section presents data from the questionnaire and semi-structured interview using Bernstein’s (1996) analytical model, adding to the discussion thoughts on teacher knowledges, assuming as reference Tardif’s (2010) and Tardif and Lessard’s (2014a; 2014b) studies. In that way, this research puts that, by means of the pedagogic recontextualization of the instructions provided by the continuing formation proposal from PNAIC, the subjects assume resistance postures when facing the official discourse, acting also as producers and not only reproducers of specific knowledges pertaining the complexity that involves the teaching practice.
Complexidade linguística: um panorama e um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Leal, Ednei de Souza; Basso, Renato Miguel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2105113450986881
Language complexity is once again the object of study in Linguistics after being largely assumed as a resolved or uninteresting issue. Differently, however, from the 19th century perspective, during which linguistic complexity had already been the object of study, now its investigation is free from the prejudices that associated languages to the mental capacity of their speakers, and linguistic complexity is no longer seen today as a truism, as it transpired in the Sructuralist view until the middle of the 20th century. In the 21st century, new understandings about the language, brought by increasingly sophisticated analytic tools and by increasingly clear ideas about the typology of languages, it is finally possible to fully study language complexity, a characteristic inherent to every natural language, but that differs in its nuances and details, and is today measured by linguists who propose metrics for practically all levels traditionally investigated by Linguistic Studies, like Dahl (2004), McWhorter (2001), Culicover (2012), Kusters (2003). In this sense, this thesis proposes a panoramic look at studies on linguistic complexity from the last decade of the twentieth century to today. We propose, firstly, a non-exhaustive historiographic overview of the term “linguistic complexity” throughout the history of linguistics or studies that were inclined to deal with language. After the historical overview, we seek to show how linguistic complexity is seen today as a genuine object of linguistic studies. It is also important to mention the different techniques for measuring linguistic complexity, at the most varied levels of languages studied. Finally, we propose a brief exercise analyzing a phenomenon characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), topic constructions, with the purpose of investigating whether this phenomenon makes the language more or less complex in relation to its European variety, which seems to present the phenomenon not as often or in the same way as BP. This thesis takes as a theoretical-methodological parameter the proposals of Philosophy of Linguistics and Historiography of Linguistics, as well as the proposals already in vogue of several linguists who propose to study linguistic complexity in its most varied forms.
Menstrualotopias: poéticas desde as margens e os devires da subjetividade na literatura de Naty Menstrual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Utrero Zicato, María Florencia; Leite Júnior, Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0766903725494071
This study pretends to go through the particular Naty Menstrual’s universe, the first female author self-defined transvestite to publish in Argentina, in the attempt to describe and analyze some of the representations related to the ways transvestite subjectivities as a process become, the ways of “building up” a body, the desire, sexuality, marginality, the violence, the family, the vision upon society and the city, which are present throughout her books Continuadísimo (2008), Batido de Trolo (2012) and Poesía Recuperada (2016). From poststructuralism studies and specially queer studies, I’ll analyze the author’s narrative, as a place that can help us to think, on the one hand, social relationships structured by heterocisnormativity regimes of sex, gender and desire, revealing their violences and exclusions, and on the other hand, the proliferation of narratives and characters from the margins of those discourses, tensing and battling the representations and social imaginaries over the bodies, the flesh, the desires, the pleasures and the city, and the idea of them as places of resistance.
Development of a stable diode laser system for cavity-assisted matter-wave interferometry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Beli Silva, Camila; Courteille, Philippe Wilhelm; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3084890968061662; Bachelard, Romain Pierre Marcel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4344589799192534; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5013560483288146
The project is part of an experiment that has been developed to probe the dynamics of ultracold strontium atoms in a vertical one-dimensional optical lattice sustained by a ring cavity. A fundamental part of the experiment is the achievement of a laser system with high-frequency stability and narrow linewidth. This dissertation explores the control of the phase and frequency of the radiation emitted by diode laser, which are essential devices of most atomic physics experiments. Phase and frequency control is achieved by electronic feedback systems, such as the Pound-Drever-Hall technique (PDH), optical phase-locked loops (OPLL) and injection locking. The basic principles and application of these locking methods are presented.
Formação de professores na perspectiva da Complexidade: um estado da arte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Farias, Priscila Moreira Silva de; Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida; lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3236189702173770
The present study is the result of the concerns experienced in the course of my professional trajectory and intends on Teacher Education from the perspective of Complexity, with a look at continuing education. From the questions: Can the perspective of Complexity be considered a possibility for teacher training in and for contemporary times? What do academic productions reveal about this relationship? What does the research on continuing teacher education say in this perspective? The following objectives were chosen: to build the state of the art from theses and dissertations that link teacher training and Complexity; analyze what academic productions reveal about this relationship; identify in which contexts the academic productions were developed, which subjects take the focus of investigation, which are the methodological choices and the results achieved in each research, also identifying what the studies bring about the continuing education of teachers in Complexity, understanding as such This approach presents itself as a possibility for the field of teacher education in and for contemporary times. To carry out the study, a theoretical framework was built based on authors such as Khun (1982), Santos (1998), Capra (1996, 2005, 2006), Morin (1991, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007), André (2011), Behrens (1999,2005, 2006, 2007, 2011), Candau (1997), Imbernón (2011), Nóvoa (1992, 1995, 2017) among others. Initially, the discussion about the term paradigm was presented, understanding it as a set of beliefs that subsidize our way of thinking and operating at a certain moment. The strengthening of the Newtonian-Cartesian paradigm was emphasized with its fragmentation and reductionist vision in the area of education and in the field of Teacher Education. A new perspective was proposed: Complexity, which shows itself as a possibility for the educational scenario and teacher training at the present time and reflected on the relationship between continuing teacher education and Complexity. Supported by a qualitative approach, the research had a bibliographic character and used the academic productions available in the databases of Google Scholar and the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in the construction of the state of the art. The findings totaled 20 papers, including theses and dissertations within a time frame from 2000 to 2018. The results obtained showed that the south and southeast regions and private institutions concentrate the largest number of works. They also pointed out that there is a predominance of qualitative research in the studies analyzed and referring to the subjects taken as the focus of investigation, the teacher is identified and the courses and tools that form it. Complexity has proved to be fruitful in the field of Teacher Education today and although it is still an incipient field, there are already consolidated productions that deal with the theme in different dimensions of work, namely, in initial and continuing education, in the final years of Elementary School, in High School, Higher Education, Post-Graduation at the Specialization level and in the technological and professional dimensions. Regarding continuing education, understood as professional teacher development, it was found that Complexity can be reflected in it, which accompanies the need for teachers to seek training throughout their professional career.
Síntese, caracterização e avaliação da atividade fotoeletrocatalítica de filmes finos de Sb2S3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Araújo, Moisés Albuquerque de; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1921841936471127
Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) have been shown to be a promising system for H2 generation from photoelectrolysis of water. Among the semiconductors materials that have been studied for PECs, Sb2S3 stands out due to its superlative photoelectrocatalytic properties, and for having abundant and low toxicity elements. In the light of this, herein we proposed the synthesis and characterisation of the bare and modified Sb2S3 thin films for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via photoelectrolysis of water. The modifications of this material consisted of obtaining the SnS/Sb2S3 heterostructure, treating the Sb2S3 films under nitrogen plasma, and depositing molybdenum sulphide (MoSx) upon the Sb2S3 films. Initially we studied the SnS/Sb2S3, the synthesis of this system involved obtaining the SbSn films by electrodeposition at different potentials on glass-coated FTO substrate. Subsequently, the films were sulphurised under sublimated sulphur atmosphere and characterised in terms of their physical, chemical, and optical properties. Regarding the photoelectrochemical assessment, we achieved a photocurrent density (jphoto) of −0.12 ± 0.01 mA cm−2 at −0.32 V for the sulphurised SnS/Sb2S3 films which were obtained at −1.14 V. This jphoto value was 40 and 12 times higher than the pure SnS and Sb2S3 films, respectively. Additional studies based on band diagrams of the SnS and Sb2S3 films indicated the formation of the type II heterostructure, which favoured transportation of the photogenerated electron and holes. Aiming to obtain higher values of jphoto, we evaluated the effect of treating the Sb2S3 films under nitrogen plasma at different span times. The Sb2S3 films treated under nitrogen plasma for only 10 s had a jphoto of −0.48 ± 0.04 mA cm−2 at −0.32 V; this corresponded to a 24-fold increase compared to the untreated film. This photoresponse enhancement may be linked to the increased degree of wettability as the contact angle measurements indicated a superhydrophobic behaviour for the untreated film and hydrophilic once treated. Based on the XPS analysis, we also found that the hydrophilicity behaviour is probably due to the formation of the S-N polar group on the surface of the Sb2S3 films. Intending to further improve the photoelectroactivity of the Sb2S3 films, we studied the effect of the presence of MoSx on the plasma-treated Sb2S3 films. The jphoto for the Sb2S3/MoSx film was −0.89 ± 0.16 mA cm−2 at −0.20 V and that corresponded to a 2.2-fold increase. The jphoto gain is due to the reduction of the Rct as observed from the impedance experiments. The presence of the MoSx also resulted in a shift of ca. 100 and 280 mV towards less negative values of the Eonset and the Efb, respectively. This suggested that the MoSx behaved as a cocatalyst for the HER. At last, we achieved an even more substantial jphoto of −2.15 mA cm−2 at −0.20 V for the Sb2S3/MoSx film having a delimited geometrical area by placing a teflon mask.
Uma fábrica-cidade: percepções de duas gerações de trabalhadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Pires, Andréia Juliana; Corrochano, Maria Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/771435397558525; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6091681058269058
This dissertation aims to get to know the perceptions of young and adult workers of Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio about the company they work for. CBA developed peculiar relations with its workers and with the municipality of Alumínio in general, relations common to a specific type of factory: the city-factories. The concept of generation was central to this study. From Karl Mannheim's sociological approach, we sought to understand whether the perceptions that workers presented about the factory were impacted by the dimensions that characterize generational groups. For this, an exploratory and qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with six employees (five men and one woman), of different ages, aiming to understand similarities and differences between young and adult workers on the image formed by company, forms of entry, working conditions, career and the relationship between young people and adults, in addition to looking at their projects for a recent future amid profound changes in the world of work. The analysis of the interviews showed that the adults showed a stronger bond with the company, including an affective one, strongly influenced by the family context. Young people were more reticent in relation to the experience in the company, with more critical and problematic statements, revealing differences in perceptions in relation to adults. At the same time, it is also possible to conclude that the boundaries that delimit the perceptions of young people and adults have not always been shown to be rigid, being that sometimes they are attenuated and made more flexible, showing the complexity of the contradictions, recurrences and ambiguities that emerge in the workers' statements.
Validação da técnica de macacos planos na avaliação da resistência de alvenaria existente executada com blocos vazados de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Ferreira Júnior, Jairo Borges; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5293755256405200
The flat jack method is used as non-destructive test, on site, on masonry structures to obtain more accurate data. This method is already standardized internationally by ASTM and RILEM, however, the studies, standards, and jacks available on the subject, refer to masonry with solid elements, such as bricks and stones. This work aims to validate and improve the technique of flat jacks in the evaluation of the compressive strength of modern existing masonry, being developed a new equipment in the literature, the first flat jack with double flaps for testing structural masonry with hollow concrete blocks. The new equipment and the test methodology were successfully developed, adapting the deformability test (double plane jack), carrying out the tests on a real structural masonry construction with hollow concrete blocks and validating this technique as non-destructive. It was demonstrated how to manufacture and calibrate the new jacks, and how to perform and analyze the tests, comparing the results found in laboratory tests, made available by the company responsible for the construction. The research is motivated by the standardization of tests with the use of flat jacks in structures with hollow blocks masonry, facilitating the execution, cost reduction and the time spent with tests to determine the characteristics of the hollow concrete blocks, mainly, without needing to break the masonry wall.
Desempenho agronômico e teor de clorofila na relação com a absorção de água em alface
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-27) Santos, Camila Peixoto dos; Cardoso, Jean Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059; Sala, Fernando César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386326198305078
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the main leafy vegetable, with the curly type with light green leaves the preferred in Brazil. However, leaves of intense green color (higher chlorophyll content) have increased consumer preference. Thus, to evaluate agronomic characteristics of lettuce lines with more intense staining and their efficiency in water use is important. This study aimed to correlate mass production and water consumption by evaluating lettuce lines and varieties with different chlorophyll contents. The experiment was conducted in two stages: in the hydroponic system (1st stage) and in Chamber B.O.D. (2nd stage). Ten lettuce lines and two varieties (Vanda and Luiza) were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and chlorophyll contents in the leaves, in a randomized block design with four replications (1st stage). The evaluation phase of productivity and chlorophyll contents in hydroponic system allowed the selection of four lines and two varieties with different chlorophyll contents and which were used for experiments in B.O.D. chamber to evaluate the mass gain and its correlation with water absorption. The highest chlorophyll contents were found for Luiza (43.31) and sline 09 (39.50), intermediate values for 27 and 47 and lower for 195 and Vanda. In the experiments carried out in B.O.D. the sline 195 and the varieties Vanda and Luiza showed the highest mass gains with approximately 0.07 g plant-1, as well as the highest water consumption, with 54 ml plant-1. The strain 47 and Luiza presented the highest number and stomata per cm², approaching 18,000 units. Luiza showed better efficiency in water use, consuming approximately 750 ml to produce one gram of dry mass. The water consumption by the plants was not influenced by chlorophyll content, but showed a positive correlation with the production of final fresh mass, final dry mass and consequently with the mass gain of lettuce plants. Genotypes with higher chlorophyll content showed lower mass production. Thus, from this work it was possible to conclude that genotypes with higher chlorophyll content have lower capacity in terms of mass production.