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UVC-based advanced oxidation processes for water treatment: laboratory and pilot plant scale studies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-21)
Sánchez Montes, Isaac José
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Aquino, José Mario de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8847710280926769
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8426184376549148
The challenge of providing good-quality water free from contaminants of emerging concern (including organic microcontaminants; OMCs) and pathogens is one of the main hot topics worldwide. Thus, the efficiency of different UVC-based advanced oxidation processes (UVC AOPs) to remove organic pollutants and/or inactivate pathogens under distinct experimental conditions was investigated. At laboratory scale, UVC/HClO process showed the best performance for the degradation and mineralization of BPA containing solutions, while the UVC/S2O82– process had a better efficiency in comparison to UVC/H2O2. This behavior is due to the generation of high oxidation power radicals (mainly HO• and SO4•−) by the activation of H2O2, S2O82–, and HClO under UVC light. Considering the oxidation by-products generated, no organochlorine compounds were detected (after 6 h) using UVC/HClO contrasting to the results obtained using only HClO (two organochlorines were detected). In addition, taking into account the environmental (experimental and theoretical toxicity tests) and economical parameters investigated, the UVC/HClO method showed a higher efficiency under low operating costs. However, under complex experimental conditions, more mature technologies such as UVC/H2O2 and UVC/S2O82− are recommended. In this sense, simultaneous elimination of six OMCs (ACT, CAF, CBZ, TMP, SMX, and DCF) and three bacteria (E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. enteritidis) by UVC/H2O2 and UVC/S2O82− processes from a simulated municipal wastewater effluent were successfully investigated at pilot plant scale. UVC AOPs were compared in terms of the required treatment time to remove at least 80% of the sum of OMCs, bacterial inactivation and regrowth, and energy consumption. UVC treatment alone was not suitable mainly due to the very slow and incomplete removal of OMCs, while UVC/H2O2 and UVC/S2O82− were effective to simultaneously eliminate OMCs and bacteria; however, in comparison with the UVC/S2O82 system, the UVC/H2O2 process did not exhibit bacterial regrowth under dark conditions. According to these results and taking into account some environmental regulations, reclaimed water treated with the UVC/H2O2 process is a real alternative for water reuse purposes in many activities, for instance, in agriculture since this activity demands the highest freshwater consumption worldwide. Finally, a simple model based on the Beer–Lambert law enabled reasonable estimation of the oxidant concentration required to attain maximum oxidation rates (i.e., shortest reactions time).
Comportamento de fluência e tração a quente do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 201LN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-21)
Pelissari, Gustavo Henrique
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3463198633564863
Among the different stainless steel (SS) series, the 200 series, also known as Cr-Ni-Mn alloys, has recently been gaining prominence worldwide. In spite of that, studies addressing the high-temperature deformation these alloys are still scarce in the literature. In this context, this study aims to assess the mechanical and microstructural behavior under deformation of the AISI 201LN alloy when subjected to creep and hot tensile tests. The material was microstructurally characterized as received and after heat treatment. The tensile tests were conducted at room temperature and in the range of 500-800 °C under an initial deformation rate of 10-3s-1, whereas the creep tests were performed under constant load in the temperature range of 600-800 °C. Comparison between the results obtained for the AISI 201 LN alloy and those for other 300 series traditional materials showed very similar values. After the tensile tests at room temperature, a mostly martensitic microstructure, caused by transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), was observed. After the creep tests, evidence of precipitation of Cr carbides was observed in the grain boundaries of some specimens. The long period of exposure to high temperatures changed the morphology of the δ ferrite islands, indicating decomposition of this phase. In the tests performed at 800 °C, formation of precipitates rich in N was observed on the surface of specimens, in addition to intense deterioration of their microstructure. Overall, fracture surface analysis of the specimens indicated a gradually greater predominance of ductile fracture in the tests at higher temperatures. Based on the Zener-Hollomon parameter, constitutive equations were proposed to describe the creep behavior of the material within the range of stresses and temperatures employed. The Larson-Miller creep parameterization technique was applied to the experimental data set aiming to extrapolate from the creep results.
Cartografando gêneros: tempos e espaços da não-binaridade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-22)
Baena, Pâmela Keiti
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Lana, Rita de Cássia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457602425911721
La categoría de género se introdujo en las humanidades en el siglo XX como clave de interpretación, influenciada por las teorías feministas (SCOTT, 2019), para comprender cómo se establecían las relaciones de poder entre hombres y mujeres en diferentes tiempos y espacios. Sin embargo, hay tradiciones en las que la división que se entiende occidentalmente como género no es binaria. Estas tradiciones, muchas nativas y no occidentales, a veces comprenden un tercer o varios géneros para sujetos que ocupan diferentes funciones sociales. Este parece ser el caso de las llamadas muxes, consideradas un tercer género que se da en el municipio indígena de Juchitán de Zaragoza, México. Ahora bien, partiendo del supuesto de que las concepciones de género pueden ser diferentes a lo largo del tiempo y también en el espacio, surge la pregunta: ¿es posible pensar en los géneros más allá de una perspectiva binaria? Utilizando la concepción de la “trialética” del espacio propuesta por Henri Lefebvre, conectando bibliográficas e iconográficas en el momento de la investigación, divididas en dos etapas fundamentales: relevamiento de fuentes y aplicaciones. La discusión conceptual tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre el tema de la colonialidad y sus posibles contribuciones al creciente área de la geografía y el género. Luego, se realizó una investigación sobre los géneros no binarios y no occidentales encontrados en la bibliografía y, considerando su distribución espacial en todo el mundo, se elaboró una tabla para aprehender la amplitud de los datos obtenidos. Finalmente, se ingresó a la región del Istmo de Tehuantepec para comprender cómo se inserta en el contexto contemporáneo el llamado “tercer género” mexicano de muxes, los espacios percibidos, concebidos y vividos, trabajamos con fuentes que no se ajusta al modelo binario y tiene especificidades en cuanto a los roles sociales que deben ejercer los sujetos en la comunidad. Se concluye que ligados a la ascendencia indígena, la dinámica de las fiestas juchitecas y el sistema de reciprocidad social, las muxes están en las fronteras entre el proyecto tradicional y el colonialista, resistiendo como espacios de existencia y, según Lefebrvre, produciendo un espacio diferencial.
Controle das respostas cardiovasculares ao estresse pela neurotransmissão endocanabinóide no núcleo leito da estria terminal em ratos: interação com a via de sinalização receptor NMDA/nNOS/GCs/proteína quinase G e envolvimento do hipotálamo lateral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-23)
Souza, Lucas Gomes de
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Crestani, Carlos Cesar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6248063137017709
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a structure located in the rostral forebrain, which has been implicated in autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses during aversive situations. A recent study from our group showed an inhibitory influence of endocannabinoid signaling within the BNST, acting through the local CB1 receptor, in the tachycardia induced by acute restraint stress, but with no effects on the arterial pressure increase and the sympathetic-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction. Based upon that, one of the objectives of this work was to evaluate the involvement of NMDA glutamatergic receptor and local nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the control of cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress by BNST endocannabinoid neurotransmission BNST. We observed that CB1 receptor antagonism in the BNST increased the release of nitric oxide (NO) during acute restraint stress. In addition, bilateral microinjection of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist (AM251) into the BNST facilitated the tachycardic response, but with no effects the pressure response and the cutaneous tail temperature drop induced by acute restraint stress. The facilitation of the tachycardic response to acute restraint stress caused by treatment with the selective CB1 receptor antagonist in the BNST was completely abolished after local pretreatment with a NMDA selective glutamatergic receptor antagonist (LY235959), as well as with selective inhibitors of the enzymes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NPLA) and soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme (ODQ) and protein kinase G (KT5823). Our results suggest that endocannabinoid neurotransmission in the BNST inhibits local glutamatergic neurotransmission via NMDA/nNOS/sGC/protein kinase G signaling; and this mechanism is involved in the control of tachycardiac response to stress. We also assessed the involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the control of cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress by BNST CB1 receptors. Experiments of characterization of LH GABAergic neurotransmission revealed that bilateral microinjection of a selective GABAA receptor antagonist (SR95531) into the LH, but not a selective GABAB receptor antagonist (CGP35348), reduced the tachycardia response to acute restraint stress, but without affecting the pressor responses and the drop in tail skin temperature. These findings indicated that GABAergic neurotransmission in the LH, acting through local GABAA receptors, plays a facilitatory role in the tachycardic response to restraint stress. Evaluation of the participation of LH GABAergic neurotransmission in HL in the control of cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress by CB1 receptor in BNST revealed that microinjection of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist into the BNST decreased the neuronal activation of LH neurons during acute restraint stress. Besides, facilitation of tachycardia caused by acute restraint stress following microinjection of AM251 into the BNST was abolished by pretreatment with a selective receptor antagonist GABAA (SR95531) in the LH. Finally, we investigated the involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the BNST in innate anxiety and anxiogenic response to acute restraint stress. Analysis of gene expression revealed the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors in the anterior and posterior divisions of the BNST. Intra-BNST microinjection of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist (AM251) increased the open arms exploration of the elevated plus-maze (EPM) in naive animals and inhibited the anxiogenic effect observed in the EPM triggered by acute restraint stress. On the other hand, intra-BNST microinjection of a selective CB2 receptor antagonist (JTE907) dose-dependently increased the innate anxiety in the EPM and inhibited the anxiogenic response evoked by restraint. These results indicate that CB1 and CB2 receptors present in the BNST are involved in the control of innate anxiety and anxiogenic responses evoked by stress.
Reconfigurações de modelos de gestão: o caso das empresas familiares no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-23)
Soulé, Fernanda Veríssimo
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Grün, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
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Sacomano Neto, Mário
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058
This study examines the reconfiguration in the moral structures that support family business models of management, relating them to the transformations in the ideologies of capitalism. Studies in the sociological institutionalism that investigate historical changes in models of management mostly describe dominant models in different periods. From this lens, the family model would have lost its ability to provide justifications for mobilizing and engaging individuals. However, this research demonstrates that family businesses not only survived but went through processes of reorganization that allowed them to remain central to the functioning of capitalism. Inspired by Luc Boltanski’s sociology of critical capacity, I assessed the changes over time in the normative content about and for these companies using three datasets. Supported by Voyant, Mallet, R-Studio, and Prospero software, I analyzed 51 Brazilian handbooks focused on family businesses published from 1978 to 2018. I also carried out participant observation in twelve events aimed at family businesses and nine semi-structured interviews with key actors, as executives, heirs, consultants, and academics, in the United States and Brazil. I identified instruments and moralities that allowed family businesses to remain important over three periods. In the first, there was the emergence of the category of family business in the social space of management, which is associated with industrial capitalism. The second period was marked by the influence of financialization in the companies’ and families’ way of organizing. Finally, the centrality of connectionist capitalism in the current reconfiguration of this model became dominant in the last period. The results revealed that the changes in the most relevant forms of value in capitalism reflected in the emergence of new concepts in the social space of family businesses, such as professionalization, governance, holding, family office, entrepreneurship, networks, and legacy. Overall, the research concludes that dominant models of management do not necessarily exclude former ones. When they are able to reshape, as in the case of family businesses, they may become more robust.
O narrador e as personagens femininas em Badu (1932), de Arnaldo Tabayá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-24)
Bosco, Bianca
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Marques, Wilton José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5763590592946918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8161532130383273
The following dissertation wants to rescue the literary work called Badu (1932), written by the Brazilian author Arnaldo Tabayá (1901-1937). Being this one the only novel released by the writer, it received a lot of recognition from the critics by the time of its release, although many positive critics were not enough to stop that both the author and the book were forgotten in the following years. It is made, roughly, a general panorama from the tales and poems that Tabayá writes in newspapers, before and after the novel’s publication, so the reader can be familiar with his literary production. Also, it is important to consider the criticism and review the book received by that time. The truth is that, until today, not many deep analyses were made from Badu (1932), especially considering the historical and literary context in which Brazil found itself. Knowing that, it is necessary to revisit and relate the social aspects and the characteristics from the 1930’s Brazilian Novel, when many important books were launched. This literary movement is known for prioritize, by literature, the representation from the reality of the country, not hiding its imperfections and exploring aspects that were not problematized by then. Badu (1932) is important that way, because, by being part of this movement, it draws attention to problems from Rio de Janeiro’s society, where the novel happens. The image middle class men had from women is one of the main points explored in Tabayá’s narrative, in which the narrator represents the masculine view over the feminine universe. Using Luís Bueno’s (2015) terms, the reducing roles imposed to women were the prostitute and the wife, no half term – and restlessness caused by the nonconformity it was not exclusivity from Badu (1932), but from many 1930’s novels. The study object still has many female characters that show a lot more depth and meaning that the narrator can show and see, and not only the ones he relates romantically, but also his relates and acquaintances. Even with the big gap between the book’s release and current days, many of the criticism made by the author are very relevant nowadays and can be used to comprehend 1930’s society a little bit more, fact that shows its importance and then it fits as a member from the 1930’s Brazilian novel.
Eficácia da instilação de células da linhagem MB49 e gel polimérico termorreversível na imunização contra o carcinoma urotelial de bexiga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-24)
Santana, Jhonne Pedro Pedott
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Borra, Ricardo Carneiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5655362515357840
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7058366901763632
Among the various types of malignant neoplasms, those originating in the bladder can be considered highly impactful due to their prevalence and high recurrence rates, demonstrating the importance of studies involving new therapeutic possibilities. The MB49 cell line is one of the most used for the study of bladder cancer, through its urinary bladder implantation in murine models of tumor induction. Studies have shown that heat shock proteins, such as mortalin, are vital for resistance to the treatment of neoplasms and are present in all processes associated with carcinogenesis. However, there are still not many studies focused on the use of mortalin as a therapeutic target in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Heat shock proteins are also known to play an important role as mediators of immunogenicity. Activating the immune system for therapeutic benefit has long been a goal in immunology, especially in cancer treatment. Antitumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment against several types of cancer, however the low immunogenicity of vaccines remains a limiting factor in this area. Thus, research involving the investigation of the association of these vaccines with immunogenic adjuvants, such as chitosan, is of great relevance for the study of cancer. This thesis aims to: evaluate the pattern of protein expression of mortalin in tumor bladder tissues, using a western blot assay; the investigation of its inhibition effects with MKT-077 on the viability, apoptosis and necrosis of MB49 cells, through viability tests with resazurin and fluorescence; the establishment of a new murine model for the induction of urothelial bladder carcinoma using a thermoreversible polymeric gel (TPG), composed of chitosan and poloxamer; and the identification of the induction of systemic anti-tumor immune response, through a splenocyte cytotoxicity assay, after intravesical inoculation of TPG and MB49 cells. Female mice of the C57BL/6 strain were obtained and used in intravesical tumor cell inoculation procedures. It was observed that mortalin is overexpressed in tumor bladder samples. After the inhibition of mortalin, there was an irreversible reduction in the viability of MB49 cells, promoting an increase in the rates of apoptosis and necrosis in these cells. Antitumor immunotherapy using MB49 cells embedded in a TPG matrix was able to stimulate systemic immune response and affect the development of bladder urothelial carcinoma in an orthotopic and syngeneic murine model.
Atenção em HIV/AIDS na Atenção Básica: um estudo da rede de Rio Claro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-24)
Peixoto, Cacilda
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Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-7848
;
Bellenzani, Renata
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) corresponds to the clinical manifestation of infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite advances in the fight against the HIV / AIDS epidemic, it remains a public health problem, with significant data on morbidity and mortality and obstacles that need to be overcome. In view of the global scenario that points to high levels of HIV contamination and the need to offer actions aimed at reducing the spread of the disease, starting in 2003, the process of decentralizing HIV testing and counseling in primary care has intensified, allowing greater coverage and accessibility, and so far this action has been centralized in specialized care services. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate HIV / AIDS care in primary care, under the evaluative opinion of professional nurses. This is a research with a quantitative approach. The participants were 22 nurses who work in the Basic Health Units and Family Health Strategy in the city of Rio Claro / SP. Data were collected through a questionnaire from October 2019 to January 2020 and analyzed by calculating the Average Ranking (RM), Cronbach's alpha coefficient and descriptive statistics through the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) programs and STATA (Statistical Software). The results showed a weakness in the performance of the units in relation to the domains: Health Education, Permanent Education in Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections. It was observed that the units perform a very satisfactory work in relation to actions such as: the provision of rapid testing, provision of protective supplies (condoms), prevention of vertical HIV transmission and early diagnosis, thus valuing the ability of AB in actions that can weaken the spread of the virus infection. It is signaled that the best performances were expressed in those more standardized actions, with a tendency to standardization and of a more technical character, when compared to actions of a more procedural, communicational nature and that require singularization of approaches focusing on specificities and needs. Thus, it is necessary to advance in comprehensive care and, in particular, in prevention that integrates the technical protocol domains with the psychosocial and educational domains in health, with regard, above all, to the approach to the experiences of sexuality, diverse and plural, to the mitigation of stigma of AIDS and social and health inequities. We emphasize, therefore, that the implementation of new structural, technological and procedural arrangements, as well as the interactions between managers, health professionals and users, should focus on overcoming difficulties and implementing humanized and resolutive practices in the control of the HIV epidemic / AIDS at this level of care.
On the advances in pattern recognition using Optimum-Path Forest
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-24)
Sugi Afonso, Luis Claudio
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Papa, João Paulo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0686979081263816
Pattern recognition (PR) techniques have been paramount to solve different and complex problems in many fields of study. The basic idea behind PR techniques is to compute a model capable of classifying unknown samples. Pattern recognition can be categorized as problems of (i) supervised, and (ii) unsupervised learning. This categorization is related to the existence or absence of labeled data to support the learning process. The learning process is mandatory for PR techniques to learn the data distribution, and the existence of labeled data is an additional information that helps to build more robust models. Many techniques were proposed and are well-established in the literature. The Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) is a graph-based classifier proposed recently, which comprises the models for supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised learning. The OPF models dataset samples as nodes of a graph and their connections (edges) are defined by some pre-defined adjacency relation. Although very recent, OPF has already been employed in numerous applications and showed promising results, and even outperformed other well-known classifiers. Nonetheless, there is still a lot to be investigated, evaluated and proposed concerning the use and performance of the OPF classifier. This dissertation investigates e proposes variations and modifications to the traditional OPF algorithms concerning supervised and unsupervised learning aiming the assessment of its performance in not yet explored scenarios and to overcome its drawbacks.
Modelo de avaliação do nível de maturidade das tecnologias da indústria 4.0 aplicado ao setor sucroenergético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-24)
Marinho, Clésio Aparecido
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Oprime, Pedro Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5085639529900865
The intensification of digital technologies in the industrial environment may require new management practices in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. It is believed that such technologies are capable of increasing the competitiveness of companies, as well as facilitating human/machine interaction and integration between customers and suppliers in the production chain. This dissertation aims to evaluate how the industrial processes of the energy sector are implementing the technologies and concepts of Industry 4.0, considering the technological, managerial and strategic bottlenecks. For this, a literature review was conducted, from which it was possible to identify seven models of maturity for Industry 4.0. The in-depth analysis of these publications resulted in the construction of a maturity model directed to the sugar-energy sector. The proposed model contains five dimensions: Strategy, Data Management, Work Teams, Vertical Integration and Horizontal Integration. The operationalization of this maturity model is based on the structure of the National Quality Award. To empirically test this model, a case study was conducted in two companies in the sugar-energy sector. This study captured the interviewees' perception of the implementation of the concepts and technologies of Industry 4.0 in industrial processes. The results revealed that the companies participating in the research are already applying the concepts of industry 4.0 in the management of their industrial processes, so that the evaluated companies obtained 731 and 788 points out of 1000 possible, and that the proposed maturity model can help the development of digital transformation strategies in organizations in the sugar-energy sector.
Trabalho, subjetividade e identidade dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia: análise de um caso sui generis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-24)
Loureiro, Thiago
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Silva, Eduardo Pinto e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4158791619972447
The present study sought to understand the organizational identity of IFSP São Carlos, as well as the work and subjectivity of its professors. To this end, it preliminarily resorted to the history of the RFEPT in the different historical moments of the country, and then focused on the most recent model – the IF, conceived and implemented since 2008, during Lula government. This is a case study with qualitative guidance based on Psychodynamics at Work, Psychosociology and Social Psychology. To address the professor’s work and subjectivity, the study included the application of a survey to a total of thirty-three respondent professors, followed by ten semi-structured interviews with members of the faculty from all branches of IFSP São Carlos. In addition, two administrative employees were also interviewed. The twelve interviews were analyzed through content analysis. When analyzing IFSP São Carlos, it was found that the institution’s constitution, since its implantation, as CEFET, it was related to political aspects which involved federal, municipal and UFSCar management. In this sense, the intrinsic relationship with UFSCar, makes IFSP São Carlos a unique case of the Network. In the institution, two moments of changes in its development and its organizational identity were identified, both permeated by disputes and interest and, specifically, by power relations between the technological branches, as well as their political correlations. This took place when the company moved to its own headquarters in 2016 and with the effectuation of High School activities integrated in 2017, which had not yet been implemented. It was noted idiosyncrasies and ambivalences related both to the multiform demands of work, as well as to the management tools that guide the teaching workload. Although it was not the motto of the study, voices from administrative servants were accessed, a fact that led to the understanding of an intensified work widespread in the institution, some with serious consequences for their subjectivism, as well as for psychic and psychosomatic health. The current political and governmental moment in the country, antagonistic to the education project that generated the FIs, also contributed to such developments. Although the pleasurable experiences of the faculty and institutional careers are evident, they do not immunize these professional from psychic burden derived from a complex and permeated by contradictions daily life. However, the current moment of IFSP São Carlos, in its new facilities and with the cultural change resulting from the consolidation of Integrated High School, has brought IFSP São Carlos closer to the beacons recommended by the RFEPT and a possible identity better suited to its legal conception – politics, although subject to forges and disputes. It is concluded that the transitions and metamorphoses of the IFSP São Carlos organizational identity occurred interspersed with disputes, idiosyncrasies and ambivalences. Such identity– organizational changes reverberate in the socially assigned and subjectively appropriate identities of professors. These also metamorphose, in some cases, in a sublimatory way, in others, giving rise to suffering, conflicts, stress, stress and/or illnesses. In other words, the hybridity and metamorphoses of IFSP São Carlos have repercussions and generate different implications for the idiosyncrasies and contradictions of teaching subjectivities.
Estudo sistemático da condutividade iônica de vitrocerâmicas NASICON: influência de tratamentos isotérmicos e novas substituições iônicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-24)
Ortiz Mosquera, Jairo Felipe
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Rodrigues, Ana Candida Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4499231813051400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6700527765785171
The synthesis of solid electrolytes and the optimization of their ionic conductivity are topics of scientific interest since these components are essential for the current density and the half-life of the sodium batteries. The NASICON (Na super-ionic conductor) materials belong to the most promising candidates to solid electrolytes because their 3D structural framework favors the migration of ions. The glass-ceramic route allows the synthesis of NASICON compounds with the advantages of reducing porosity and controlling the microstructure, which are relevant factors in the optimization of ionic conductivity. Thus, in this doctoral thesis NASICON glass-ceramics of the Na1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4)3 (NAGP), Na1+xGe2(SiO4)x(PO4)3-x (NGSP) and Na3.4AlxSc2-xSi0.4P2.6O12 (NAScSP) series have been synthetized. Isothermal heat-treatments of crystallization were performed on NAGP precursor glasses to analyze their effect on structural and electrical properties of the crystallized samples. It was noted that the extensive dealumination of the NASICON phase with the increase of the treatment time does not affect the electrical properties of the material due to the formation of a conductive Na7(AlP2O7)4PO4 phase and a greater contact area between the grains of the glass-ceramics. In the NGSP NASICON series, it was evaluated the effect of Si4+/P5+ substitution on structural and electrical properties of the glass-ceramics. It was confirmed the increment in the ionic conductivity due to the expansion of the unit cell of the NASICON structure and the increase of Na+ ions. In the NAScSP series, it was proven that the addition of Al2O3 favors the glass-forming ability and affects the ionic transport in the material due to a decrease in the bottleneck of NASICON structure.
Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, leishmanicida e citotóxica dos fungos endofíticos Diaporthe sp. E Pseudofusicoccum sp. obtidos de mangue e cerrado brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Moreira, Carla Cristina
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
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Lacava, Paulo Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750
The mangrove is a transition ecosystem between the terrestrial and the marine environment, typical of tropical and subtropical regions. The Brazilian savannah is an ecosystem that is mainly characterized by the savanna biome, which are transition zones between meadows and forests and are native to tropical regions of the dry season. In these two systems, several microorganisms have already been isolated, including endophytic fungi, capable of producing substances with antimicrobial and leishmanicidal activities, among others. Based on this information, this study aimed to evaluate the biotechnological potential of crude extracts (EB) obtained from endophytic fungi Diaporthe sp. and Pseudofusicoccum sp., isolated from Brazilian mangroves and savannah, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial tests with human pathogens, leishmanicidal tests and cytotoxic tests were performed. In antimicrobial assays, the minimum inhibitory concentration of 50% (MIC50) between 756 µg.mL-1 and 949 µg.mL-1 and the minimum inhibitory concentration of 90% (MIC90) between 3.940 and 3.980 µg.mL-1 were found for the EB of the mangrove isolate. For EB isolated from the savannah, CIM50 between 4.228 µg.mL-1 and 29.630 µg.mL-1 and CIM90 between 9.24 µg.mL-1 and 38.250 µg.mL-1 were found. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CBM) was found for the microorganism Bacillus subtillis, at a concentration of 10.000 µg.mL-1. In leishmanicidal assays, the results show cell death of 90% at concentrations of 6.000 and 10.000 µg.mL-1 and 80% at a concentration of 4,000 µg.mL-1 for the EB of the mangrove isolate. In the EB of the savannah isolate, the leishmanicidal assays showed cell viability above 90% at concentrations of 20.000 and 40.000 µg.mL-1. For cytotoxicity tests on the EB of the mangrove isolate, cell viability between 55 and 73% was presented. For the savannah isolate, cell viability between 5.41 to 16.84% was presented. These results reinforce the biotechnological potential of microorganisms isolated from mangroves and savannah, represented by the isolates tested in this work.
Seleção de marcadores SNP: uma aplicação com diferentes metodologias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Ióca, Mariana Pavan
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Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5926207322230038
The quantity and complexity of generated data due to advances in genetic sequencing technologies has made statistical analysis an essential tool for their correct study and interpretation. However, there is still no agreement about which methodologies are more appropriate for those data, especially for the selection of genetic features that influence a specific phenotype. Genetic data are usually characterized by having a number of variables which is much greater than the number of observations. These variables exhibit little variability and high correlation. These characteristics hinder the application of traditional methodologies for variable selection. In this work (i.) we present different methodologies for selecting variables - Random Forest, LASSO and the traditional Stepwise method; (ii.) we apply them to genetic data to select SNP markers that characterize the presence or absence of a disease and (iii.) we compare their performances. Random Forest and Lasso show similar prediction performance, however none of them correctly select the influential SNPs.
1000 Fandangos. Amanhecer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Bertolo, Gabriel
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0851321994962607
This thesis search, through an intensive ethnographic description, to inquire about the caiçaras movements around their most celebrated aesthetical-political expression, the fandango caiçara – acknowledged as a Brazilian Intangible Heritage by the Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). Through its development/performance, the investigation shifts its points of departure and becomes an ethnography of culture as comprehended by fandangueiros. Rather than “explain” the fandango by caiçara culture, the thesis becomes a set of episodes that aim to speculate about culture through their fandangos. In this sense, it becomes of greater importance the thesis elaborated by fandangueiros caiçaras of the Brazilian south and south-eastern coast, especially of Cananéia-SP, about what is culture, how it unfolds, transform and maintain in space/time. Thus, through its artisan craft and its poetic, choreographic, musical, and musicological expressions, it is sought to understand the place and the time that the fandangos inhabit and make inhabit: the Caiçara Territory.
O protagonismo de imigrantes bolivianos em São Paulo: condicionantes e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Farias, Júnior César Oliveira
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6111125603855394
This work aims to describe and analyze contemporary collective actions of Bolivian immigrants in the search for social, cultural, political, and economic rights, in the city of São Paulo. In the 2000s, mainly in the 2010s, the capital of São Paulo experienced the emergence of immigrant collectives that, together with former organizations, began to seek immigrants’ protagonism in the face of their struggles and demands. With this scenario in mind, we intend to answer the following question: to what extent are the struggles for rights fought by Bolivians representative of a new emancipatory paradigm for immigrants? To achieve this objective, the investigation made use of an ethnographic approach, with interviews with activists who lead immigrant mobilizations in São Paulo, observations at events and public manifestations by Bolivian immigrants, observation on social networking of collectives of Bolivian immigrants, beyond bibliographic reading. It tries to analyze the relationship of these actions (and theirs agents) with the State and public policies, through the concept of “political opportunities and constraints” (Tilly, 2008; Tarrow, 2009). In this regard, we expect that the results can serve as a parameter and a contribution for those who hope to reflect about other situations of collective actions undertaken by immigrants, whether they are Bolivians or not.
Subsídios para o planejamento de redes de greenways: estudo de caso de Ribeirão Preto, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Zeoti, Gustavo Nogueira
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Ribeiro, Felipe Martello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7573847493388303
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Peres, Renata Bovo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
Greenways are green, linear open spaces which serve multiple purposes, primarily ecological and cultural. Ecological corridors, linear parks, tree-lined paths in old railway rights-of-way, among others, can be classified as greenways. In a system of open spaces, they can have the function of connecting components (nodes) of the landscape, such as fragments of natural vegetation, waterbodies, parks, historical sites etc. Greenway networks can be formed when the focus of the planning is on the connections of the landscape components themselves. In the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, a landscape planning instrument called “Protective Measures for Fragments and Urban Parks” has been implemented since 2012. The instrument is applied to fragments of native natural vegetation in territories that are under urbanization process. Its purpose is environmental protection, based on the hierarchy of fragments according to their priority for environmental conservation. Depending on the relevance defined for each fragment, protection measures are applied, such as ecological and leisure corridors, enabling the formation of a greenway network. However, one of the gaps identified concerns the incorporation of the cultural function in urban planning. The objective of this research is to propose guidelines for the planning of greenway networks to increase the ecological and cultural connectivity of the landscape, with the case study of Ribeirão Preto. Specifically, the objective is to analyze the municipal instrument emphasizing its legal and administrative context, the hierarchy of fragments and the characteristics of environmental protection measures; identify its gaps and potentials for improvement; to propose guidelines for the development of a classification and inclusion of the municipal railway heritage in landscape planning; and to propose guidelines for the planning of networks with emphasis on cultural aspects of the landscape. Multiple methods, such as bibliographic research, document research and analysis, field research, systematization of data in a GIS environment, and classifications of the Ribeirão Preto railway heritage were employed with a qualitative approach. As a result, the following guidelines were proposed for the improvement of the landscape planning instrument: simplification of the instrument; improvement of the active mobility and recreational cultural connectivity in greenway networks, in territories undergoing urbanization processes; inclusion of the cultural heritage function in the greenway planning, specifically for railway heritage along railway rights-of-way. Guidelines were proposed for the classification and inclusion of railway cultural heritage in landscape planning and the formation of greenway networks, in representative scenarios, in three different territorial sections in the municipality. The importance and possibilities of connectivity and integration of ecological and cultural factors in landscape planning are expanded through a connected network of greenways.
Non-invasive ventilation improves exercise tolerance and peripheral vascular function after high-intensity exercise in COPD-HF patients
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Goulart, Cássia da Luz
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Caruso, Flávia Rossi
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Araújo, Adriana Sanches Garcia de
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Arêas, Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco
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Moura, Silvia Cristina Garcia de
Comparação de diferentes intensidades de treinamento muscular inspiratório sobre o controle autonômico cardiovascular de ciclistas: estudo clínico controlado e randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Abreu, Raphael Martins de
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131684794713173
Recently, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been widely used by professionals and amateurs’ athletes as a complementary exercise training method, with the aim of improving sports performance. However, there is still no consensus on the IMT prescription protocols in the literature, as well as the effects on cardiovascular autonomic control. It is known that the modulation of breathing has a strong influence on the cardiovascular system and that IMT can be an ally to improve cardiovascular homeostasis with possible effects on physical performance. Study 1 – Aims: To carry out a systematic review to determine if IMT promotes changes in cardiovascular autonomic responses in humans. Methods: The methodology followed the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic review analysis. MEDLINE, PEDro, SCOPUS and PubMed electronic databases were searched from the inception to March 2017. The quality assessment was performed using a PEDro scale. The articles were included if: (1) primary objective was related to the effects of IMT on the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system, and (2) randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies. Exclusion criteria were reviews, short communications, letters, case studies, guidelines, theses, dissertations, qualitative studies, scientific conference abstracts, studies on animals, non-English language articles and articles addressing other breathing techniques. Outcomes evaluated were measures of cardiovascular autonomic control, represented by heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) indexes. Results: The search identified 729 citations and a total of 6 studies were included. The results demonstrated that IMT performed at low intensities can chronically promote an increase in the parasympathetic modulation and/or reduction of sympathetic cardiac modulation in patients with diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart failure and gastroesophageal reflux, when assessed by HRV spectral analysis. However, there was no study which evaluated the effects of IMT on cardiovascular autonomic control assessed by BPV. Conclusion: IMT can promote benefits for cardiac autonomic control, however the heterogeneity of populations associated with different protocols, few studies reported in the literature and the lack of randomized controlled trials make the effects of IMT on cardiovascular autonomic control inconclusive. Study 2 – Aims: To evaluate the chronic effects of different IMT intensities on cardiovascular control in amateur cyclists. Methods: A longitudinal, randomized, controlled blind study was performed on 30 recreational male cyclists undergoing IMT for 11 wk. Participants were randomly allocated into sham-trained group (SHAM, n = 9), trained group at 60% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP60, n = 10), and trained group at critical inspiratory pressure (CIP, n = 11). Electrocardiogram (ECG), finger arterial pressure, and respiratory movements were recorded before (PRE) and after (POST) training at rest in supine position (REST) and during active standing (STAND). From the beat-to-beat series of heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP), we computed time domain markers, frequency domain indexes in the low frequency (LF, 0.04–0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.15– 0.4 Hz) bands, an entropy-based complexity index (CI), and baroreflex markers estimated from spontaneous HP-SAP sequences. Results: Compared with SHAM, the positive effect of MIP60 over the HP series led to the HF power increase during REST (PRE: 521.2 ± 447.5 ms2; POST: 1,161 ± 878.9 ms²) and the CI rise during STAND (PRE: 0.82 ± 0.18; POST: 0.97 ± 0.13). Conversely, the negative effect of CIP took the form of the decreased HP mean during STAND (PRE: 791 ± 71 ms; POST: 737 ± 95 ms). No effect of IMT was visible over SAP and baroreflex markers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity IMT might be beneficial when the goal is to limit cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity at REST and/or in response to STAND. Study 3 – Aims: To evaluate the effect of IMT on cardiorespiratory coupling in amateur cyclists. Methods: Thirty male young healthy cyclists underwent a sham IMT-SHAM (n = 9), an IMT-MIP60 (n = 10) and IMT-CIP (n = 11). The ECG, non-invasive arterial pressure, and thoracic respiratory movement (RM) were PRE and POST at REST and during STAND. The beat-to-beat series of HP and SAP were analyzed with the RM signal via a traditional non-causal approach, such as squared coherence function, and via a causal model-based transfer entropy (TE) approach. Cardiorespiratory coupling was quantified via the HP-RM squared coherence at the respiratory rate (K2HP-RM), the unconditioned TE from RM to HP (TERM→HP) and the TE from RM to HP conditioned on SAP (TERM→HP|SAP). Results: In PRE condition we found that STAND led to a decrease of TERM→HP|SAP. After SHAM and CIP training this tendency was confirmed, while MIP60 inverted it by empowering cardiorespiratory coupling. This behavior was observed in presence of unvaried SAP mean and with usual responses of the baroreflex control and HP mean to STAND. TERM→HP and K2HP-RM were not able to detect the post-training increase of cardiorespiratory coupling strength during STAND, thus suggesting that conditioning out SAP is important for the assessment of cardiorespiratory interactions. Conclusion: Since the usual response of HP mean, SAP mean and baroreflex sensitivity to postural stressor were observed after MIP60 training, we conclude that the post-training increase of cardiorespiratory coupling during STAND in MIP60 group might be the genuine effect of some rearrangements at the level of central respiratory network and its interactions with sympathetic drive and vagal activity. General conclusions: According to this thesis, we conclude that the IMT, when performed at moderate intensity, is able to promote an increase in cardiac parasympathetic modulation at rest, as well as promoting a greater cardiorespiratory coupling to cope with the postural challenge, requiring lower cardiovascular autonomic to deal with orthostatic stress. This response may be beneficial for athletes, considering the constant exposure to physiological stresses to guarantee cardiovascular demand during sport.
Jogos digitais e cognição social de crianças: um estudo experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25)
Scienza, Livia
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Souza, Débora de Hollanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4758320842072873
In the last decade, the number of new digital games of various genres has grown a lot, eminently after the creation of game management platforms and after the dissemination of eSports. Digital games, beyond their entertainment purpose, are already used in schools, hospitals, and psychotherapeutic environments as rehabilitation tools and to promote cognitive and behavioral skills. Studies evaluating the impact of this form of media on users have conducted since the popularization of the first games in the 70s. However, the evidence that games can mediate interpersonal relationships, as well as promote or inhibit prosocial and empathic behaviors is still recent. The focus of previous studies was the possible associations with increased aggressive behavior and desensitization to violence. And although most consumers of digital games are young people and adults, the “digital natives” born in this century have immediate access to interactive media. For this reason, many researchers have recently investigated the way in which children and adolescents are affected by these media. In particular, more studies investigating the impact of games on sociocognitive and social skills should be conducted. Following this direction, the present work aimed to investigate a possible relationship between exposure to three categories of digital games (Neutral, Prosocial and Competitive) and prosocial behavior. A second goal was to test possible moderating effects of empathy and theory of mind skills on this relation. Fifty-seven children (9 to 12 years old) participated and were randomly distributed into three groups: G1 = neutral game; G2 = competitive game, G3 = prosocial game. Each group played a different type of video game. Prior to playing the games, all participants were assessed by a social cognition task (Faux Pas Task) and an empathy scale (Bryant's Empathy Scale for Children and Adolescents). Following that and on another day, each participant was invited to play, for 20 minutes, the digital game representative of their category group. Finally, right after playing the game, children were invited to participate in an adapted version of the Dictator's Game that involves the sharing of resources. Games of all categories had a pre-selection stage and were evaluated by 18 judges that were either Psychology undergraduate/ graduate students or university students from a game development outreach group. One game for each category was selected. Analyses did not reveal a significant gender or age effect on empathy scores, theory of mind scores and number of donated stickers. However, a significant age effect (i.e., school year) was found for the number of stickers shared, with older children sharing more stickers than younger ones. Nonetheless, there was a trend toward a significant moderating effect of empathy and theory of mind scores on the relationship between game category and number of stickers shared by the participants. More specifically, playing a prossocial, neutral or competitive videogame for 20 minutes does not necessarily impact the predisposition of children to engage on prossocial behavior. It is possible, nevertheless, that more empathic children with a more developed theory of mind may have an increased predisposition to share stickers compared to other children. Future studies should explore further whether these variables (empathy and theory of mind) or other variables can, in fact, explain part of the variation in prosocial behavior after exposure to different types of digital games. However, the present work contributes to the advancement of this line of research in Brazil as it is the first study to investigate possible effects of three different types of digital game on prosocial behavior in school-age children. The results suggest a promising direction of investigation that should be better explored by researchers in Brazil.