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Influência antrópica na qualidade dos aquíferos freáticos da sub-bacia do rio Monjolinho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-30) Arruda, Natália de Souza; Menezes, Denise Balestrero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3968756826294616
The pressure of human activities in water sources results in changes in the environmental quality of river basins. Groundwater aquifers are important reservoirs and feeders for surface water sources. The analysis of rapidly changing geoenvironmental indicators helps to interpret anthropic interference in the quality of groundwater. For the effective management of water sources, it is necessary to study the environmental quality and the possible environmental impacts in strategic regions in the hydrographic basins. The purpose of this work was to investigate possible anthropic interference in the hydrochemical quality of groundwater aquifers in the Monjolinho river basin, upstream of Espraiado water abstraction in the municipality of São Carlos-SP. This section of the basin is inserted in a Protection and Recovery Area of Springs, in a peri-urban region, with high real estate pressure for the expansion of the urban perimeter. Through the detailing of land use and occupation, within the rural and urban areas, paying attention to potentially polluting activities, 28 physical-chemical parameters were chosen, sampled in 7 water tables, in the period of high and low precipitation. From the interpretation of the analysis, it can be noted that the aquifer aquifers Coluvionar and Itaqueri have different hydrochemistry, the aquifer being colluvial with a tendency to more acidic waters and the absence of some metals. Anthropic interference in hydrochemical quality was observed in wells P12, P13, P16, P19, P26 and P41. Well P26 showed high concentrations of N-nitrate. The study identified interference from urban and rural human activities, such as leakage of sanitary sewage and fertilizers in groundwater aquifers in the Monjolinho River sub-basin.
O luto e as esferas do sofrimento na pandemia de 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-30) Oliveira, Mayra de Fátima Martins de; Ferreira, Esther Angelica Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4054544728456101; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5936826126406974
The final paper of medical school at the Federal University of São Carlos proposes to be a critical-reflexive narrative that synthesizes experiences lived during graduation regarding learning and medical care. Using knowledge acquired in the activities of the Academic League of Antalgic Therapy and Palliative Care (LATACP-UFSCar) - on grief, communicating bad news, suffering and total pain -, this work seeks to reflect on the challenges faced during the pandemic of COVID-19 in the Brazilian context of political, social and environmental crisis, as well as perspectives for the future and strategies of self-care in this uncertain scenario.
Youtube como ambiente virtual de ensino e aprendizagem: características de aulas-live de espanhol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-30) Batista, Fabiana de Freitas; Gregolin, Isadora Valencise; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4433925984902886
This research aims to problematize the potentialities of YouTube as a space for teaching and learning Spanish, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we analyzed the main characteristics of live lessons of the YouTube channel “Espanhol para Brasileiros” (“Spanish for Brazilians”) and the didactic strategies used by the teacher, and also discussed some aspects of live transmissions on the platform as a teaching and learning space, taking into account the interactions between teacher and students through written chat. We started from the assumption that the online transmission of the video lesson in a synchronous way allows interaction (LONG, 1996) among the participants, understood as negotiation of meaning “that generates interactional adjustments by the most competent interlocutor”, in this case, the responsible teacher. The research is characterized as exploratory (GIL, 2008), with data collection of 8 live lessons directly from the YouTube channel, analyzed from 4 sets of techniques described by Moore and Kearsley (2005) as strategies related to: a) Humanization, b) Participation, c) Message style and d) Feedback. In the present research we could observe that in the live lessons there is a predominance of humanization, considering, mainly, the fact that they are live broadcasts. There are strong traits of student participation generating the feeling of being virtually together (VALENTE, 2015). As for the message style, we observed the use of more informal language and a great presence of orality marks in the chat, since they are considered virtual chats in real time (MARCUSCHI, 2005). As feedback is concerned, we observed aspects of evaluation in the form of interaction, attested by Paiva (2003), among which there is positive and negative feedback. The results of the analyses showed that, with social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, live transmissions through YouTube intensified as a way to minimize the impacts of isolation, which contributed to consider YouTube as a Spanish virtual teaching-learning environment, considering the techniques used to shorten the distance and bring students closer.
Polipropileno reciclado para contato com alimento: etching e deposição de filmes de carbono amorfo hidrogenado por plasma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-30) Paiva, Robert da Silva; Cruz, Sandra Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8013257464586377
The increasing applications of polymers make this material one of the most consumed in the world market. Accompanying this scenario is the generation of waste, and although plastic has gradually conquered its space as a material of great importance to current society, its disposal is still a problem for the world and especially for Brazil, due to the lack of proper management of solid urban waste (MSW). Among thermoplastic resins, polypropylene (PP) is the one that presents the greatest consumption growth in the last years, which is related to its versatility and good processability, besides its relative low cost. Despite these characteristics, PP still has limited properties, especially in applications that require high barrier properties and transparency, such as food packaging. The use of recycled materials for food contact has some restrictions regulated by international agencies such as the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) in the USA, European Union directives and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) in Brazil. Many studies have been conducted to verify the occurrence of migration of contaminants from these recycled packaging destined to come into contact with food. One of the techniques used to improve barrier properties is surface coating with thin films. This type of deposition can be done by the technique called Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), obtaining hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films deposited on the recycled material. In this work, PP pellets were submitted to a forced contamination protocol, simulating the worst conditions for consumer use of food packaging. Then, contaminated PP went through a process of washing, drying, reprocessing and thermopressing to obtain PP films. The films were exposed to etching plasma surface treatment of oxygen gas, argon and atmospheric air in 2.5 and 5 minutes to increase surface adhesion. Contact angle measurements were performed and surface tension was determined. Morphological changes were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the chemical modification was evaluated by X-ray (XPS) and FTIR-ATR photoelectron spectroscopy, proving the formation of oxygen and nitrogen based groups. In addition, the a-C:H films were characterized by Raman that proved the majority structure of the PLC type and, the thickness of the films were measured by profiling, allowing the production of films of 100, 300 and 500 nm. The samples were submitted to contact with food simulant liquids and contaminant migration tests, followed by extraction and analysis by SPME-GC-MS, allowing the evaluation of the potential increase in barrier property of these materials. In addition, SEM were made of the films, before and after the migration tests in order to analyze the micro cracks and defects caused by the tests. The results indicate that the migration of contaminants is related to the type of simulant, functional film thickness, as well as the presence of micro effects. However, a-C:H films are a good alternative for the coating of recycled polymers for application in the food area.
Habilidades sociais em adolescentes com indicadores de depressão: uma análise através de métodos multimodais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-30) Santos, Gabriela Trombeta; Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5875147172625110
Current literature studies have been found associations between depression symptoms and social skills déficits. Some authors suggest that research in this area could use multimodal methods as a way to deepen our understanding regarding this phenomenon. In this sense, this research aims (1) to investigate the use of participant-generated photographs as a relevant technology to the production of scientific knowledge, and (2) to identify similarities and differences in social skills repertories of adolescents with and without indicators of depression, considering different sexes and social-economic conditions, through the use of self-report instruments and the Photo-Elicitation method. Results of this work were organized in five articles, three of them related to the first aim of this research and two related to the second one. Study 1 is a systematic review regarding the use of participant-generated photographs in research in the mental health field. Study 2 reflects on my experience in using photo-elicitation with adolescents, justifying its use, presenting particularities of the used methodology and discussing its effects regarding participants' experiences and research results. Study 3 addresses ethical and technical issues involved in the analysis of visual data and describes the data analysis procedure developed for this research. Study 4 is a quantitative study that identifies similarities and differences in the repertoires of social skills of 61 adolescents with and without depression indicators using self-report instruments and Study 5 has the same goal, however, it is a photo-elicitation study, seeking for answers through the analysis of photos and interviews of 8 research' participants. Adolescents between 14 and 17 years old, students from public and private schools, participated in the data collection process of Study 4 and 5. Phase 1 included the application of a General Information Script, The Child Depression Inventory, The Level II Pediatric Anxiety PROMIS and The Brazilian Criteria. In phase 2, The IHSA-Del-Prette Social Skills Inventory was applied and the instructions about taking photographs were given by asking the adolescents to take a set of 12 photographs, in a period of two weeks, regarding the question: "How do I see my life now? ". In Phase 3, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant to talk about their pictures. According to Phase 1 and 2 data, reported in Study 4, adolescents with depression indicators reported less elaborate social skills repertories than adolescents without indicators. Boys with depressive symptoms reported the most deficient social skills repertoires. Positive correlations were found between participants' social skills and socioeconomic status and between social skills and the presence of concomitant depression and anxiety symptoms. According to Phase 3 data, reported in Study 5, social skills behaviours were associated with adolescents' perceived support and considered a protective factor for depression mainly during stressful life events. Relationships with parents and new school colleagues were the main sources of social skills challenges. Hobbies were found to facilitate adolescents’ engagement in social interactions.